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Kovács OT, Tóth E, Ozohanics O, Soltész-Katona E, Marton N, Buzás EI, Hunyady L, Drahos L, Turu G, Nagy G. Proteomic Changes of Osteoclast Differentiation in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis Reveal Functional Differences. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892970. [PMID: 35860269 PMCID: PMC9289121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOsteoclasts play a crucial role in the maintenance, repair, and remodeling of bones of the adult vertebral skeleton due to their bone resorption capability. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are associated with increased activity of osteoclasts.ObjectivesOur study aimed to investigate the dynamic proteomic changes during osteoclast differentiation in healthy donors, in RA, and PsA.MethodsBlood samples of healthy donors, RA, and PsA patients were collected, and monocytes were isolated and differentiated into osteoclasts in vitro using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANK-L). Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to analyze proteins from cell lysates. The expression changes were analyzed with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).ResultsThe analysis of the proteomic changes revealed that during the differentiation of the human osteoclasts, expression of the proteins involved in metabolic activity, secretory function, and cell polarity is increased; by contrast, signaling pathways involved in the immune functions are downregulated. Interestingly, the differences between cells of healthy donors and RA/PsA patients are most pronounced after the final steps of differentiation to osteoclasts. In addition, both in RA and PsA the differentiation is characterized by decreased metabolic activity, associated with various immune pathway activities; furthermore by accelerated cytokine production in RA.ConclusionsOur results shed light on the characteristic proteomic changes during human osteoclast differentiation and expression differences in RA and PsA, which reveal important pathophysiological insights in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Tünde Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Tóth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olivér Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Marton
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Immune-Proteogenomics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Semmelweis University (HCEMM-SU) Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Turu,
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Alasztics B, Kovács ÁF, Molvarec A, Koller Á, Szabó G, Fekete N, Buzás EI, Pállinger É, Rigó J. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles may contribute to the hypercoagulable state in preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103380. [PMID: 34534879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that preeclampsia is associated with disturbed hemostasis and that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important role in the regulation of hemostatic homeostasis. Thus, we hypothesized that the altered procoagulant characteristics of circulating platelet-derived EVs may contribute to the disturbed hemostasis in preeclampsia. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we have analyzed both tissue factor expressing procoagulant EVs and platelet-derived EV subpopulations derived from resting and activated thrombocytes by examining them in plasma samples of preeclamptic patients and pregnancy-matched healthy individuals. Compared to pregnancy-matched healthy individuals in preeclamptic patients a significantly (p < 0.05) higher ratio of Annexin-V positive activated platelets and a higher number of CD142+ tissue factor bearing procoagulant EVs were found, whereas the absolute amount of circulating CD41a+ platelet-derived EVs and CD62P+/CD41a+ EVs produced by activated thrombocytes was significantly lower in the plasma of preeclamptic women. In the plasma samples, there was no significant difference in the amount of CD63+ platelet-derived EVs. We propose that increased platelet activation and tissue factor expression of platelet derived extracellular vesicles may contribute to the hypercoagulable state observed in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Alasztics
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Ferenc Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; 2(nd) Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Molvarec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Koller
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Fekete
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Rigó
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Clinical Studies in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Melicher D, Illés A, Littvay L, Tárnoki ÁD, Tárnoki DL, Bikov A, Kunos L, Csabán D, Buzás EI, Molnár MJ, Falus A. Positive association and future perspectives of mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length - a pilot twin study. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1191-1199. [PMID: 34522248 PMCID: PMC8425227 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent experimental and population studies have highlighted the existence of telomere-mitochondria interplay. Besides studies revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the associations of telomere defects and mitochondrial functions, investigations of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length (TL) in healthy and disease phenotypes have likewise begun, with the aim of gaining more insights about their relationship in humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 142 asymptomatic adult twins, comprising 96 monozygotic (MZ) and 46 dizygotic (DZ) twins (mean age: 50.54 ±15.43 years), members of the Hungarian Twin Registry, were included in the analysis. Applying the qPCR standard curve method, we investigated the relationship of mtDNA copy number, telomere length and clinical data, besides assessing co-twin similarities of MZ and DZ twins for their mtDNAcn and TL measures. RESULTS We found that twins were similar in their intraclass correlation coefficients irrespective of zygosity, suggesting a possibly more important role of common (shared) environmental factors compared to non-shared (unique) environmental and to a smaller degree also individual genetic influences. We confirmed a significant positive association between mtDNAcn and TL (r = 0.28, p < 0.01) in age- and sex-corrected analysis. Following bivariate estimates and correction with significant predictors, the independent positive associations were further verified. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend the until now modest number of studies investigating mtDNAcn and TL simultaneously in humans. In addition, we are the first to examine the relationship between mtDNAcn and telomere length in MZ and DZ twin subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Melicher
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immunproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Illés
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Littvay
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid László Tárnoki
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kunos
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Csabán
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immunproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group
| | - Mária Judit Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Hegyesi H, Sándor N, Sáfrány G, Lovas V, Kovács Á, Takács A, Kőhidai L, Turiák L, Kittel Á, Pálóczi K, Bertók L, Buzás EI. Radio-detoxified LPS alters bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles and endothelial progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:313. [PMID: 31665090 PMCID: PMC6819448 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies raise hope for cell replacement and provide opportunity for cardiac regenerative medicine and tumor therapy. Extracellular vesicles are a membrane-enclosed intercellular delivery system with the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment of a variety of disorders. As the incidence of breast cancer continues to rise, radiotherapy has emerged as a leading treatment modality. Radiotherapy also increases the risk of coronary heart disease and cardiac mortality. In a chest-irradiated mouse model of cardiac injury, we investigated the effects of local irradiation. We found an increased lethality after 16 Gy irradiation. Importantly, radio-detoxified LPS (RD-LPS) treatment prolonged the survival significantly. By flow cytometry, we demonstrated that upon administration of RD-LPS, the number of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells increased in the bone marrow and, in particular, in the circulation. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis showed that RD-LPS altered the proteomic composition of bone marrow cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). RD-LPS treatment increased interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3) expression markedly both in bone marrow cells and in bone marrow cell-derived small extracellular vesicles. This is the first study to demonstrate that radio-detoxified LPS treatment induces an increase of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in parallel with a reduced radiotherapy-related mortality. While the total number of bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles was significantly increased 24 h after treatment in the RD-LPS groups, the number of endothelial progenitor cells was reduced in animals injected with GW4896 (a chemical inhibitor of exosome biogenesis) as compared with controls. In contrast to these in vivo results, in vitro experiments did not support the effect of sEVs on EPCs. Our data raise the intriguing possibility that IFITM3 may serve as a marker of the radio-detoxified LPS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hargita Hegyesi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Nikolett Sándor
- National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Virág Lovas
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angéla Takács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pálóczi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Bertók
- National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Valcz G, Buzás EI, Szállási Z, Kalmár A, Krenács T, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Molnár B. Perspective: bidirectional exosomal transport between cancer stem cells and their fibroblast-rich microenvironment during metastasis formation. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:18. [PMID: 30038960 PMCID: PMC6048124 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinomas are complex structures composed of hierarchically organized distinct cell populations such as cancer stem cells and non-stem (bulk) cancer cells. Their genetic/epigenetic makeup and the dynamic interplay between the malignant cell populations and their stromal fibroblasts are important determinants of metastatic tumor invasion. Important mediators of these interactions are the small, membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes. Both cancer cell and fibroblast-derived exosomes carry a set of regulatory molecules, including proteins and different species of RNA, which cooperatively support metastatic tumor spread. Here, we briefly overview potential links between cancer stem cells and the exosome-mediated fibroblast-enriched metastatic niche formation to discuss their role in the promotion of tumor growth and metastatic expansion in breast carcinoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- 3MTA-SE Immuno-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,4Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- 5Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 61st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Baricza E, Marton N, Királyhidi P, Kovács OT, Kovácsné Székely I, Lajkó E, Kőhidai L, Rojkovich B, Érsek B, Buzás EI, Nagy G. Distinct In Vitro T-Helper 17 Differentiation Capacity of Peripheral Naive T Cells in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:606. [PMID: 29670615 PMCID: PMC5893718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The T-helper 17 (Th17) cells have a prominent role in inflammation as well as in bone and join destruction in both rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis (RA and PsA). Here, we studied Th17 cell differentiation in RA and PsA. Methods Blood samples from healthy donors, RA and PsA patients were collected. CD45RO- (naive) and CD45RO+ (memory) T cells were isolated from peripherial blood mononuclear cell by magnetic separation. Naive T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies and treated with transforming grow factor beta, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-23 cytokines and also with anti-IL-4 antibody. IL-17A and IL-22 production were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, RORC, and T-box 21 (TBX21) expression were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6), CCR4, and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 expression were determined by flow cytometry. Cell viability was monitored by impedance-based cell analyzer (CASY-TT). Results RORC, TBX21, CCR6, and CCR4 expression of memory T cells of healthy individuals (but not RA or PsA patients) were increased (p < 0.01; p < 0.001; p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively) compared to the naive cells. Cytokine-induced IL-17A production was different in both RA and PsA patients when compared to healthy donors (p = 0.0000026 and p = 0.0001047, respectively). By contrast, significant differences in IL-22 production were observed only between RA versus healthy or RA versus PsA patients (p = 0.000006; p = 0.0013454, respectively), but not between healthy donors versus PsA patients. Conclusion The naive CD4 T-lymphocytes are predisposed to differentiate into Th17 cells and the in vitro Th17 cell differentiation is profoundly altered in both RA and PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Baricza
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Marton
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Panna Királyhidi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Tünde Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lászó Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Rojkovich
- Buda Hospital of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Érsek
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Office for Research Groups Attached to Universities and Other Institutions of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Buda Hospital of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Kovács ÁF, Láng O, Turiák L, Ács A, Kőhidai L, Fekete N, Alasztics B, Mészáros T, Buzás EI, Rigó J, Pállinger É. The impact of circulating preeclampsia-associated extracellular vesicles on the migratory activity and phenotype of THP-1 monocytic cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5426. [PMID: 29615814 PMCID: PMC5882809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their target cells, especially immune cells, results in functional and phenotype changes that consequently may play a significant role in various physiological states and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated disorders. Monocytes are the most prominent environment-sensing immune cells in circulation, skilled to shape their microenvironments via cytokine secretion and further differentiation. Both the circulating monocyte subset distribution and the blood plasma EV pattern are characteristic for preeclampsia, a pregnancy induced immune-mediated hypertensive disorder. We hypothesized that preeclampsia-associated EVs (PE-EVs) induced functional and phenotypic alterations of monocytes. First, we proved EV binding and uptake by THP-1 cells. Cellular origin and protein cargo of circulating PE-EVs were characterized by flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. An altered phagocytosis-associated molecular pattern was found on 12.5 K fraction of PE-EVs: an elevated CD47 "don't eat me" signal (p < 0.01) and decreased exofacial phosphatidylserine "eat-me" signal (p < 0.001) were found along with decreased uptake of these PE-EVs (p < 0.05). The 12.5 K fraction of PE-EVs induced significantly lower chemotaxis (p < 0.01) and cell motility but accelerated cell adhesion of THP-1 cells (p < 0.05). The 12.5 K fraction of PE-EVs induced altered monocyte functions suggest that circulating EVs may have a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Ferenc Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Láng
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Ács
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Fekete
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Alasztics
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Seroscience Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immunoproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Rigó
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Minakaki G, Menges S, Kittel A, Emmanouilidou E, Schaeffner I, Barkovits K, Bergmann A, Rockenstein E, Adame A, Marxreiter F, Mollenhauer B, Galasko D, Buzás EI, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Marcus K, Xiang W, Lie DC, Vekrellis K, Masliah E, Winkler J, Klucken J. Autophagy inhibition promotes SNCA/alpha-synuclein release and transfer via extracellular vesicles with a hybrid autophagosome-exosome-like phenotype. Autophagy 2018; 14:98-119. [PMID: 29198173 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1395992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) regulates intracellular homeostasis of the cytosolic protein SNCA/alpha-synuclein and is impaired in synucleinopathies, including Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Emerging evidence suggests that ALP influences SNCA release, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not well understood. Several studies identified SNCA in exosome/extracellular vesicle (EV) fractions. EVs are generated in the multivesicular body compartment and either released upon its fusion with the plasma membrane, or cleared via the ALP. We therefore hypothesized that inhibiting ALP clearance 1) enhances SNCA release via EVs by increasing extracellular shuttling of multivesicular body contents, 2) alters EV biochemical profile, and 3) promotes SNCA cell-to-cell transfer. Indeed, ALP inhibition increased the ratio of extra- to intracellular SNCA and upregulated SNCA association with EVs in neuronal cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a widespread, fused multivesicular body-autophagosome compartment. Biochemical characterization revealed the presence of autophagosome-related proteins, such as LC3-II and SQSTM1. This distinct "autophagosome-exosome-like" profile was also identified in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) EVs. After a single intracortical injection of SNCA-containing EVs derived from CSF into mice, human SNCA colocalized with endosome and neuronal markers. Prominent SNCA immunoreactivity and a higher number of neuronal SNCA inclusions were observed after DLB patient CSF EV injections. In summary, this study provides compelling evidence that a) ALP inhibition increases SNCA in neuronal EVs, b) distinct ALP components are present in EVs, and c) CSF EVs transfer SNCA from cell to cell in vivo. Thus, macroautophagy/autophagy may regulate EV protein composition and consequently progression in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Minakaki
- a Department of Molecular Neurology , University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Stefanie Menges
- a Department of Molecular Neurology , University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Agnes Kittel
- b Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Evangelia Emmanouilidou
- c Department of Neuroscience, Center for Basic Research , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Katalin Barkovits
- e Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty , Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Anna Bergmann
- a Department of Molecular Neurology , University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- f Department of Neurosciences , University of California , San Diego , CA USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- f Department of Neurosciences , University of California , San Diego , CA USA
| | - Franz Marxreiter
- a Department of Molecular Neurology , University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- g Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel and Departments of Neuropathology & Neurosurgery , & University Medical Center , Göttingen
| | - Douglas Galasko
- f Department of Neurosciences , University of California , San Diego , CA USA
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- h Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | | | - Katrin Marcus
- e Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty , Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- d Institute of Biochemistry , FAU , Erlangen , Germany
| | | | - Kostas Vekrellis
- c Department of Neuroscience, Center for Basic Research , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- f Department of Neurosciences , University of California , San Diego , CA USA.,j Department of Pathology , University of California , San Diego , CA USA
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- a Department of Molecular Neurology , University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- a Department of Molecular Neurology , University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
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9
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Melicher D, Illés A, Pállinger É, Kovács ÁF, Littvay L, Tárnoki ÁD, Tárnoki DL, Bikov A, Molnár MJ, Buzás EI, Falus A. Tight co-twin similarity of monozygotic twins for hTERT protein level of T cell subsets, for telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number, but not for telomerase activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2447-2456. [PMID: 29290038 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Our study analyzed lymphocyte subpopulations of 32 monozygotic twins and compared the level of the catalytic reverse transcriptase protein subunit (hTERT) in T lymphocytes (Tly), helper- (Th), cytotoxic- (Tc) and regulatory T cell (Treg) subgroups. Four variables related to telomere and mitochondrial biology were simultaneously assessed, applying multi-parametric flow cytometry, TRAP-ELISA assay and qPCR standard curve method on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of genetically matched individuals. Twin data of telomerase activity (TA), hTERT protein level, telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) were analyzed for co-twin similarity. The present study has provided novel information by demonstrating very high intraclass correlation (ICC) of hTERT protein level in T lymphocytes (0.891) and in both Th (0.896), Treg (0.885) and Tc (0.798) cell subgroups. When comparing results measured from PBMCs, intraclass correlation was also high for telomere length (0.815) and considerable for mtDNA copy number (0.524), and again exceptionally high for the rate-limiting telomerase subunit, hTERT protein level (0.946). In contrast, telomerase activity showed no co-twin similarity (ICC 0). By comparing relative amounts of hTERT protein levels in different lymphocyte subgroups of twin subjects, in Treg cells significantly higher level could be detected compared to Tly, Th or Tc cell subgroups. This is the first study that simultaneously analyzed co-twin similarity in MZ twins for the above four variables and alongside assessed their relationship, whereby positive association was found between TL and mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Melicher
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immunproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Illés
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Ferenc Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Littvay
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid László Tárnoki
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Judit Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immunproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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10
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Szabó-Taylor KÉ, Tóth EÁ, Balogh AM, Sódar BW, Kádár L, Pálóczi K, Fekete N, Németh A, Osteikoetxea X, Vukman KV, Holub M, Pállinger É, Nagy G, Winyard PG, Buzás EI. Monocyte activation drives preservation of membrane thiols by promoting release of oxidised membrane moieties via extracellular vesicles. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:56-65. [PMID: 28323130 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The redox state of cellular exofacial molecules is reflected by the amount of available thiols. Furthermore, surface thiols can be considered as indicators of immune cell activation. One group of thiol containing proteins, peroxiredoxins, in particular, have been associated with inflammation. In this study, we assessed surface thiols of the U937 and Thp1 monocyte cell lines and primary monocytes in vitro upon inflammatory stimulation by irreversibly labelling the cells with a fluorescent derivative of maleimide. We also investigated exofacial thiols on circulating blood mononuclear cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls. When analysing extracellular vesicles, we combined thiol labelling with the use of antibodies to specific CD markers to exclude extracellular vesicle mimicking signals from thiol containing protein aggregates. Furthermore, differential detergent lysis was applied to confirm the vesicular nature of the detected extracellular events in blood plasma. We found an increase in exofacial thiols on monocytes upon in vitro stimulation by LPS or TNF, both in primary monocytes and monocytic cell lines (p<0.0005). At the same time, newly released extracellular vesicles showed a decrease in their exofacial thiols compared with those from unstimulated cells (p<0.05). We also found a significant elevation of surface thiols on circulating monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis patients (p<0.05) and newly released extracellular vesicles of isolated CD14+ cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients had decreased thiol levels compared with healthy subjects (p<0.01). Exofacial peroxiredoxin 1 was demonstrated on the surface of primary and cultured monocytes, and the number of peroxiredoxin 1 positive extracellular vesicles was increased in rheumatoid arthritis blood plasma (p<0.05). Furthermore, an overoxidised form of peroxiredoxin was detected in extracellular vesicle-enriched preparations from blood plasma. Our data show that cell surface thiols play a protective role and reflect oxidative stress resistance state in activated immune cells. Furthermore, they support a role of extracellular vesicles in the redox regulation of human monocytes, possibly representing an antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K É Szabó-Taylor
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - E Á Tóth
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A M Balogh
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - B W Sódar
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Kádár
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Pálóczi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - N Fekete
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Németh
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - X Osteikoetxea
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - K V Vukman
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Holub
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - É Pállinger
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gy Nagy
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Semmelweis University, Department of Rheumatology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1023 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P G Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - E I Buzás
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Matula Z, Németh A, Lőrincz P, Szepesi Á, Brózik A, Buzás EI, Lőw P, Német K, Uher F, Urbán VS. The Role of Extracellular Vesicle and Tunneling Nanotube-Mediated Intercellular Cross-Talk Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Peripheral T Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1818-1832. [PMID: 27596268 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating the immunosuppressory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently attracted remarkable scientific interest. The aim of this work was to analyze the transport mechanisms of membrane and cytoplasmic components between T lymphocytes and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs), by focusing on the role of distinct populations of EVs, direct cell-cell contacts, and the soluble mediators per se in modulating T lymphocyte function. We found that neither murine thymocytes and human primary T cells nor Jurkat lymphoblastoid cells incorporated appreciable amounts of MSC-derived microvesicles (MVs) or exosomes (EXOs). Moreover, these particles had no effect on the proliferation and IFN-γ production of in vitro-stimulated primary T cells. In contrast, AD-MSCs incorporated large amounts of membrane components from T cells as an intensive uptake of EXOs and MVs could be observed. Interestingly, we found a bidirectional exchange of cytoplasmic components between human AD-MSCs and primary T lymphocytes, mediated by tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) derived exclusively from the T cells. In contrast, TNTs couldn't be observed between AD-MSCs and the Jurkat cells. Our results reveal a novel and efficient way of intercellular communication between MSCs and T cells, and may help a better understanding of the immunomodulatory function of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Matula
- 1 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Németh
- 2 Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvos Loránd University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Szepesi
- 1 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Brózik
- 1 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- 2 Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőw
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvos Loránd University , Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Uher
- 5 Stem Cell Biology, National Blood Service , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika S Urbán
- 6 Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Osteikoetxea X, Németh A, Sódar BW, Vukman KV, Buzás EI. Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease: are they Jedi or Sith? J Physiol 2016; 594:2881-94. [PMID: 26872404 DOI: 10.1113/jp271336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent past, extracellular vesicles have become recognized as important players in cell biology and biomedicine. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed structures found to be secreted by most if not all cells. Extracellular vesicle secretion represents a universal and highly conserved active cellular function. Importantly, increasing evidence supports that extracellular vesicles may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets or tools in human diseases. Cardiovascular disease undoubtedly represents one of the most intensely studied and rapidly growing areas of the extracellular vesicle field. However, in different studies related to cardiovascular disease, extracellular vesicles have been shown to exert diverse and sometimes discordant biological effects. Therefore, it might seem a puzzle whether these vesicles are in fact beneficial or detrimental to cardiovascular health. In this review we provide a general introduction to extracellular vesicles and an overview of their biological roles in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we aim to untangle the various reasons for the observed discrepancy in biological effects of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases. To this end, we provide several examples that demonstrate that the observed functional diversity is in fact due to inherent differences among various types of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Osteikoetxea
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Németh
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara W Sódar
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina V Vukman
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Baranyai T, Herczeg K, Onódi Z, Voszka I, Módos K, Marton N, Nagy G, Mäger I, Wood MJ, El Andaloussi S, Pálinkás Z, Kumar V, Nagy P, Kittel Á, Buzás EI, Ferdinandy P, Giricz Z. Isolation of Exosomes from Blood Plasma: Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of Ultracentrifugation and Size Exclusion Chromatography Methods. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145686. [PMID: 26690353 PMCID: PMC4686892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are emerging targets for biomedical research. However, suitable methods for the isolation of blood plasma-derived exosomes without impurities have not yet been described. Aim Therefore, we investigated the efficiency and purity of exosomes isolated with potentially suitable methods; differential ultracentrifugation (UC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Methods and Results Exosomes were isolated from rat and human blood plasma by various UC and SEC conditions. Efficiency was investigated at serial UC of the supernatant, while in case of SEC by comparing the content of exosomal markers of various fractions. Purity was assessed based on the presence of albumin. We found that the diameter of the majority of isolated particles fell into the size range of exosomes, however, albumin was also present in the preparations, when 1h UC at 4°C was applied. Furthermore, with this method only a minor fraction of total exosomes could be isolated from blood as deduced from the constant amount of exosomal markers CD63 and TSG101 detected after serial UC of rat blood plasma samples. By using UC for longer time or with shorter sedimentation distance at 4°C, or UC performed at 37°C, exosomal yield increased, but albumin impurity was still observed in the isolates, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and immunoblotting against CD63, TSG101 and albumin. Efficiency and purity were not different in case of using further diluted samples. By using SEC with different columns, we have found that although a minor fraction of exosomes can be isolated without significant albumin content on Sepharose CL-4B or Sephacryl S-400 columns, but not on Sepharose 2B columns, the majority of exosomes co-eluted with albumin. Conclusion Here we show that it is feasible to isolate exosomes from blood plasma by SEC without significant albumin contamination albeit with low vesicle yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Baranyai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Herczeg
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Voszka
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Módos
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Marton
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology, Polyclinic of the Hospitaller Brothers of St John of God, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Matthew J. Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zoltán Pálinkás
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, NCBS, Bangalore, India
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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14
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Osteikoetxea X, Balogh A, Szabó-Taylor K, Németh A, Szabó TG, Pálóczi K, Sódar B, Kittel Á, György B, Pállinger É, Matkó J, Buzás EI. Improved characterization of EV preparations based on protein to lipid ratio and lipid properties. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121184. [PMID: 25798862 PMCID: PMC4370721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the study of extracellular vesicles has gathered much scientific and clinical interest. As the field is expanding, it is becoming clear that better methods for characterization and quantification of extracellular vesicles as well as better standards to compare studies are warranted. The goal of the present work was to find improved parameters to characterize extracellular vesicle preparations. Here we introduce a simple 96 well plate-based total lipid assay for determination of lipid content and protein to lipid ratios of extracellular vesicle preparations from various myeloid and lymphoid cell lines as well as blood plasma. These preparations included apoptotic bodies, microvesicles/microparticles, and exosomes isolated by size-based fractionation. We also investigated lipid bilayer order of extracellular vesicle subpopulations using Di-4-ANEPPDHQ lipid probe, and lipid composition using affinity reagents to clustered cholesterol (monoclonal anti-cholesterol antibody) and ganglioside GM1 (cholera toxin subunit B). We have consistently found different protein to lipid ratios characteristic for the investigated extracellular vesicle subpopulations which were substantially altered in the case of vesicular damage or protein contamination. Spectral ratiometric imaging and flow cytometric analysis also revealed marked differences between the various vesicle populations in their lipid order and their clustered membrane cholesterol and GM1 content. Our study introduces for the first time a simple and readily available lipid assay to complement the widely used protein assays in order to better characterize extracellular vesicle preparations. Besides differentiating extracellular vesicle subpopulations, the novel parameters introduced in this work (protein to lipid ratio, lipid bilayer order, and lipid composition), may prove useful for quality control of extracellular vesicle related basic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Osteikoetxea
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Szabó-Taylor
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Németh
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Géza Szabó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pálóczi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Sódar
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence György
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Matkó
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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15
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Osteikoetxea X, Sódar B, Németh A, Szabó-Taylor K, Pálóczi K, Vukman KV, Tamási V, Balogh A, Kittel Á, Pállinger É, Buzás EI. Differential detergent sensitivity of extracellular vesicle subpopulations. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9775-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work shows for the first time that exosomes are more resistant to detergents than microvesicles and apoptotic bodies.
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16
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Szabó GT, Tarr B, Pálóczi K, Éder K, Lajkó E, Kittel Á, Tóth S, György B, Pásztói M, Németh A, Osteikoetxea X, Pállinger É, Falus A, Szabó-Taylor K, Buzás EI. Critical role of extracellular vesicles in modulating the cellular effects of cytokines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4055-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Pál Z, Antal P, Srivastava SK, Gál J, André S, Gordeeva E, Nagy G, Kaltner H, Bovin NV, Molnár MJ, Falus A, Gabius HJ, Buzás EI. A7.4 Association of Galectin Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Autoimmune Diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203221.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Pásztói M, Sódar B, Misják P, Pálóczi K, Kittel Á, Tóth K, Wellinger K, Géher P, Nagy G, Lakatos T, Falus A, Buzás EI. The recently identified hexosaminidase D enzyme substantially contributes to the elevated hexosaminidase activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Lett 2012; 149:71-6. [PMID: 23099419 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, numerous reports have described elevated hexosaminidase activities in rheumatoid arthritis. However, due to the overlapping substrate specificities of different hexosaminidases, identification of the exact enzyme(s) responsible for the elevated activity remains incomplete. In this work we tested if the recently described enzyme, hexosaminidase D was expressed in human arthritic joints, and could contribute to the elevated hexosaminidase activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Thermostable β-d-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase (hexosaminidase D) activities were determined in synovial fluid samples, synovial membranes, synovial fibroblast cell strains and synovial fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis using chromogenic substrates. Expression of the HEXDC gene was detected both in steady state and in TGF-β treated synovial fibroblasts by real time PCR. Strikingly, hexosaminidase D accounted for approximately 50% of the total β-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase activity in synovial membranes and synovial fibroblasts, and it was responsible for the vast majority of the β-d-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase activity in synovial fluid samples. TGF-β downregulated the expression of hexosaminidase D in synovial fibroblasts dose-dependently. Of note, significant activity of hexosaminidase D was also found in association with extracellular vesicles released by synovial fibroblasts. This first study that describes the expression and disease relevance of the HEXDC gene in humans demonstrates the expression of this novel enzyme within the joints, and suggests that its activity may significantly contribute to the overall local exoglycosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Pásztói
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.
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Pál Z, Varga Z, Semsei Á, Reményi V, Rózsa C, Falus A, Illes Z, Buzás EI, Molnar MJ. Interleukin-4 receptor alpha polymorphisms in autoimmune myasthenia gravis in a Caucasian population. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:193-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Pásztói M, Misják P, György B, Aradi B, Szabó TG, Szántó B, Holub MC, Nagy G, Falus A, Buzás EI. Infection and autoimmunity: Lessons of animal models. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2011; 1:198-207. [PMID: 24516725 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.1.2011.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the key initiating processes that trigger human autoimmune diseases remain enigmatic, increasing evidences support the concept that microbial stimuli are among major environmental factors eliciting autoimmune diseases in genetically susceptible individuals. Here, we present an overview of evidences obtained through various experimental models of autoimmunity for the role of microbial stimuli in disease development. Disease onset and severity have been compared in numerous models under conventional, specific-pathogen-free and germ-free conditions. The results of these experiments suggest that there is no uniform scheme that could describe the role played by infectious agents in the experimental models of autoimmunity. While some models are dependent, others prove to be completely independent of microbial stimuli. In line with the threshold hypothesis of autoimmune diseases, highly relevant genetic factors or microbial stimuli induce autoimmunity on their own, without requiring further factors. Importantly, recent evidences show that colonization of germ-free animals with certain members of the commensal flora [such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)] may lead to autoimmunity. These data drive attention to the importance of the complex composition of gut flora in maintaining immune homeostasis. The intriguing observation obtained in autoimmune animal models that parasites often confer protection against autoimmune disease development may suggest new therapeutic perspectives of infectious agents in autoimmunity.
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Pap E, Pállinger E, Falus A, Kiss AA, Kittel A, Kovács P, Buzás EI. T lymphocytes are targets for platelet- and trophoblast-derived microvesicles during pregnancy. Placenta 2008; 29:826-32. [PMID: 18684502 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) can derive from several cell types and their membranes contain cell surface elements. Their role is increasingly recognized in cell-to-cell communication, as they act as both paracrine and remote messengers, occurring in circulating form as well as in plasma. Successful pregnancy requires a series of interactions between the maternal immune system and the implanted fetus, such that the semi-allograft will not be rejected. These interactions occur at the materno-placental interface and/or at a systemic level. In the present study we identified for the first time the in vivo plasma pattern of the MVs of third-trimester, healthy pregnant women, their cellular origin, and their target cells using flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy. We searched for the cellular target molecules of thrombocyte-derived MVs with the help of neutralizing antibodies. We examined the in vitro effects of MVs on STAT3 phosphorylation of primary lymphocytes and Jurkat cells. We found that both placental trophoblast-derived and maternal thrombocyte-derived MVs bind to circulating peripheral T lymphocytes, but not to B lymphocytes or NK cells. We were able to show that the P-selectin (CD62P)-PSGL-1 (CD162) interaction is one mechanism binding platelet-derived MVs to T cells. We were also able to demonstrate that MV-lymphocyte interactions induce STAT3 phosphorylation in T cells. Our findings indicate that both thrombocyte- and trophoblast-derived MVs may play an important role in the immunomodulation of pregnancy. We suggest that the transfer of different signals via MVs represents a novel form of communication between the placenta and the maternal immune system, and that MVs contribute to the establishment of stable immune tolerance to the semi-allograft fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pap
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Polgár A, Falus A, Koó E, Ujfalussy I, Seszták M, Szuts I, Konrád K, Hodinka L, Bene E, Mészáros G, Ortutay Z, Farkas E, Paksy A, Buzás EI. Elevated levels of synovial fluid antibodies reactive with the small proteoglycans biglycan and decorin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or other joint diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003; 42:522-7. [PMID: 12649398 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) express humoral immunity to the small proteoglycans biglycan and decorin and to compare the response to that of patients suffering from other joint diseases. METHODS Serum and synovial fluid IgG and IgM antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies to biglycan and decorin as well as to other known and extensively investigated cartilage matrix components such as type II collagen, aggrecan and fibronectin were investigated. Patients suffering from RA, osteoarthritis (OA), psoriatic arthritis and other seronegative spondylarthropathies were included in the study. Correlation between antibody levels and clinical/laboratory parameters was determined. RESULTS Patients with RA expressed an increased humoral immunity to biglycan, while patients with seronegative spondylarthropathies displayed elevated decorin-specific synovial antibody levels compared with OA patients. CONCLUSION These results indicate a significantly higher immunity to small proteoglycans in RA and seronegative spondylarthropathies than in OA suggesting a possible involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Polgár
- National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
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Otto JM, Cs-Szabó G, Gallagher J, Velins S, Mikecz K, Buzás EI, Enders JT, Li Y, Olsen BR, Glant TT. Identification of multiple loci linked to inflammation and autoantibody production by a genome scan of a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:2524-31. [PMID: 10615997 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2524::aid-anr4>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA) is a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), both in terms of its pathology and its genetics. PGIA can only be induced in susceptible murine strains and their F2 progeny. As with RA, the genetics are complex, containing both major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related and non-MHC-related components. Our goal was to identify the underlying non-MHC-related loci that confer PGIA susceptibility. METHODS We used 106 polymorphic markers to perform simple sequence-length polymorphism analysis on F2 hybrids of susceptible (BALB/c) and nonsusceptible (DBA/2) strains of mice. Because both strains of mice share the H2d haplotype, this cross permits identification and analysis of non-MHC-related genes. RESULTS We identified a total of 12 separate quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with PGIA, which we have named Pgia1 through Pgia12. QTLs associated with the inflammatory symptoms of PGIA were linked to chromosomes 7, 9, 15 (2 separate loci), 16, and 19. QTLs associated with autoantibody production were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, and 18. QTLs on chromosomes 7 and 16 showed linkage to both inflammation and autoantibody production, suggesting a shared regulatory component in arthritis induction. The first inflammation QTL on chromosome 15 and the autoantibody QTL on chromosome 7 originate from the DBA/2 background, which indicates that as in RA, susceptibility genes can originate from heterogeneous backgrounds. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate the complexity of PGIA, where QTLs may be involved in multiple traits or even originate from a genetic background previously determined to be resistant.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Genes, MHC Class I
- Genes, MHC Class II
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred DBA
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Otto
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Glant TT, Buzás EI, Finnegan A, Negroiu G, Cs-Szabó G, Mikecz K. Critical roles of glycosaminoglycan side chains of cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan) in antigen recognition and presentation. J Immunol 1998; 160:3812-9. [PMID: 9558085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic immunization of BALB/c mice with proteoglycan (aggrecan) from fetal human cartilage induces progressive polyarthritis, an experimental disease similar to human rheumatoid arthritis. The development of the disease in this genetically susceptible murine strain is based on cross-reactive immune responses between the immunizing fetal human and mouse self-proteoglycans. One of the cross-reactive and arthritogenic T cell epitopes (92GR/QVRVNSA/IY) is localized in the G1 domain of human/murine proteoglycan. Susceptible BALB/c mice, however, develop arthritis only if both the chondroitin sulfate (CS) and keratan sulfate (KS) side chains of the arthritogenic human proteoglycans are removed. The function of these two glycosaminoglycan side chains is opposite. The presence of a KS side chain in adult proteoglycan inhibits the recognition of arthritogenic T cell epitopes, prevents the development of T cell response, and protects animals from autoimmune arthritis. In contrast, the depletion of the CS side chain generates clusters of CS stubs and provokes a strong B cell response. These carbohydrate-specific B cells are the most important proteoglycan APC. Taken together, proteoglycan-induced progressive polyarthritis is dictated by three major components: genetic background of the BALB/c strain, highly specific T cell response to epitope(s) masked by a KS chain in aging tissue, and the presence of proteoglycan (CS stub)-specific B cells required for sufficient Ag presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Glant
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Arthritis and Orthopedics Institute, Rush Medical College at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Buzás EI, Brennan FR, Mikecz K, Garzó M, Negroiu G, Holló K, Cs-Szabó G, Pintye E, Glant TT. A proteoglycan (aggrecan)-specific T cell hybridoma induces arthritis in BALB/c mice. J Immunol 1995; 155:2679-87. [PMID: 7544381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aggrecan, the high buoyant density cartilage proteoglycan (PG), has been shown to induce progressive polyarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. To further characterize the nature of the autopathogenic effector T cells operating in these mice and to determine the region(s) of the PG molecule recognized by these T cells, we generated PG-specific T cell hybridomas from arthritic mice. One of the PG-specific T cell hybridomas (5/4E8), when injected into naive irradiated BALB/c mice, was capable of inducing clinical and histopathologic signs of arthritis. Massive swelling and redness of the paws dominated the clinical picture. A reactive synovial cell proliferation, the accumulation of hybridoma and inflammatory cells in the enlarged joint space, the loss of PG from the superficial layer of the articular cartilage, and the erosion of articular surface were identical histopathologic signs to those found either in primary or adoptive transfer of PG-induced arthritis. The PG-specific and arthritogenic T cell hybridoma (5/4E8) expressed TCR-alpha beta + (V beta 4), CD4+, and CD8- phenotypes and belonged to the Th1 subset, as the cells secreted IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 upon PG stimulation, and the response was MHC class II (I-Ad)-restricted. These observations provide direct evidence that PG-specific Th cells play crucial roles in autoimmune arthritic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Buzás
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Brennan FR, Mikecz K, Buzás EI, Ragasa D, Cs-Szabó G, Negroiu G, Glant TT. Antigen-specific B cells present cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan) to an autoreactive T cell hybridoma derived from a mouse with proteoglycan-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 101:414-21. [PMID: 7664487 PMCID: PMC1553246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan)-induced polyarthritis in BALB/c mice is characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of joint tissues similar to that observed in human rheumatoid arthritis. The immunization of mice with fetal human proteoglycan (PG) elicits specific antibodies to the immunizing antigen of which a population cross-reacts with native mouse PG. This (auto)antibody production is immediately followed by an explosive proliferation of autoreactive T cells, suggesting that PG-specific B cells may participate in antigen presentation of PG to autoreactive T cells. We therefore isolated B cells from the spleens and lymph nodes of PG-immunized mice and examined their ability to present PG to a PG-specific T cell hybridoma. The antigen-specific T cell responses elicited by B cells from PG-immunized mice (both arthritic and clinically asymptomatic) were markedly higher than those of non-immune mice and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)-immunized mice, and these B cells could present low PG concentrations. Levels of B cell presentation corresponded with the serum levels of PG-specific antibodies, implying that these B cells were presenting the PG specifically via their surface immunoglobulin. This B cell-T cell interaction was strongly dependent on MHC class II/T cell receptor (TCR), LFA-1/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CD28/B7 interactions, as antibodies to Ia, ICAM-1 and B7-2 (but not to B7-1) markedly reduced presentation. These data indicate that PG-specific B cells may play an essential role in governing the development of PG-induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Centre, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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27
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Buzás EI, Brennan FR, Mikecz K, Garzó M, Negroiu G, Holló K, Cs-Szabó G, Pintye E, Glant TT. A proteoglycan (aggrecan)-specific T cell hybridoma induces arthritis in BALB/c mice. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.155.5.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aggrecan, the high buoyant density cartilage proteoglycan (PG), has been shown to induce progressive polyarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. To further characterize the nature of the autopathogenic effector T cells operating in these mice and to determine the region(s) of the PG molecule recognized by these T cells, we generated PG-specific T cell hybridomas from arthritic mice. One of the PG-specific T cell hybridomas (5/4E8), when injected into naive irradiated BALB/c mice, was capable of inducing clinical and histopathologic signs of arthritis. Massive swelling and redness of the paws dominated the clinical picture. A reactive synovial cell proliferation, the accumulation of hybridoma and inflammatory cells in the enlarged joint space, the loss of PG from the superficial layer of the articular cartilage, and the erosion of articular surface were identical histopathologic signs to those found either in primary or adoptive transfer of PG-induced arthritis. The PG-specific and arthritogenic T cell hybridoma (5/4E8) expressed TCR-alpha beta + (V beta 4), CD4+, and CD8- phenotypes and belonged to the Th1 subset, as the cells secreted IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 upon PG stimulation, and the response was MHC class II (I-Ad)-restricted. These observations provide direct evidence that PG-specific Th cells play crucial roles in autoimmune arthritic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Buzás
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - F R Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - K Mikecz
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - M Garzó
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - G Negroiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - K Holló
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - G Cs-Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - E Pintye
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - T T Glant
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Brennan FR, Negroiu G, Buzás EI, Fülöp C, Holló K, Mikecz K, Glant TT. Presentation of cartilage proteoglycan to a T cell hybridoma derived from a mouse with proteoglycan-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 100:104-10. [PMID: 7697908 PMCID: PMC1534264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization of BALB/c mice with human fetal cartilage proteoglycan (PG) produces progressive polyarthritis, and T cells play key roles in the development of the disease. To gain an understanding of how PG is presented to autoreactive T cells by synovial antigen-presenting cells (APC), we examined the abilities of various syngeneic APC in presenting PG to a specific T cell hybridoma 5/4E8, derived from a mouse with PG-induced arthritis. A20 B lymphoma cells and spleen cells were strong presenters of PG, but synoviocytes and P388D1 macrophages could only present PG effectively after stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The IFN-gamma exerted its effect by up-regulating both MHC class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression by these cells as neutralizing antibodies to Ia, LFA-1 and ICAM-1 inhibited presentation. Our studies also showed that synoviocytes and spleen cells took up and processed PG more rapidly than the cell lines. Cysteine and serine protease-dependent antigen presentation of PG was blocked at 4 degrees C, 18 degrees C and by chloroquine treatment, indicating that presentation required active uptake and processing in an acidic compartment, probably in lysosomes. Also, keratan sulphate-depleted and cyanogen bromide (CNBr) and 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid (NTCB)-cleaved PG elicited stronger T cell responses, as they were more easily processed than the native molecule. Furthermore, CNBr-generated peptides were presented by fixed APC, indicating that core protein fragments of cartilage PG can be presented directly by APC in context with MHC class II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University at Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Centre, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Brennan FR, Mikecz K, Buzás EI, Glant TT. Interferon-gamma but not granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments proteoglycan presentation by synovial cells and chondrocytes to an autopathogenic T cell hybridoma. Immunol Lett 1995; 45:87-91. [PMID: 7622193 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(94)00249-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunization of BALB/c mice with human cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan) produces a progressive polyarthritis, similar in many aspects to human rheumatoid arthritis, and autoreactive T cells are necessary for initiation of the disease. To study the immunopathological mechanisms operating in the synovium of arthritic mice, we isolated a proteoglycan (PG)-specific arthritogenic T-cell hybridoma, 5/4E8, and examined the presentation of PG to this T-cell hybridoma by mouse synovial cells and chondrocytes. Both cell types expressed very low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II following isolation and culture and were unable to present PG to the hybridoma. However, following stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), both synovial cells and chondrocytes showed a marked increase in MHC class II expression and consequently were able to present PG very effectively. The PG-specific responses of the hybridoma were abrogated by an anti-Ia monoclonal antibody. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), one of the most abundant cytokines in the rheumatoid synovium, had no effect on the antigen-presenting capacity of synovial cells and chondrocytes, either on its own or together with IFN gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Buzás EI, Mikecz K, Brennan FR, Glant TT. Mediators and autopathogenic effector cells in proteoglycan-induced arthritic and clinically asymptomatic BALB/c mice. Cell Immunol 1994; 158:292-304. [PMID: 7923385 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1994.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycan (aggrecan)-induced arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory animal model produced in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. This animal model shows many similarities to human rheumatoid arthritis as indicated by clinical assessments, histopathological studies, and immunological parameters. The systemic immunization of mice with a select group of cartilage proteoglycans provokes immune responses to the immunizing antigen and then the production of cross-reactive antibodies to self proteoglycans. This is followed by an explosive proliferation of autoreactive T cells, especially in joint draining lymph nodes, accompanied by local (joint) inflammatory events. In the current experiments we found that lymphocytes from arthritic, or potentially arthritic but yet clinically asymptomatic animals, produced more IL-2 than those T cells obtained from animals immunized with nonarthritogenic PGs. In addition, synoviocytes isolated from prearthritic or arthritic animals produced several-fold more interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) than cells from normal animals. Flow cytometric analysis indicated an autoantigen (mouse PG)-specific selective proliferation of surface Ig+/CD45R+ cells in prearthritic stages followed by the proliferation of predominantly T helper (CD4+) cells during and after the development of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Buzás
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical University, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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Buzás EI, Holló K, Rubliczky L, Garzó M, Nyirkos P, Glant TT. Effect of pregnancy on proteoglycan-induced progressive polyarthritis in BALB/c mice: remission of disease activity. Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 94:252-60. [PMID: 8222315 PMCID: PMC1534222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycan-induced arthritis is a murine autoimmune model displaying many similarities to human rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, as has been documented by clinical, immunological and histopathological studies. Since the onset of arthritis correlates with the serum antibody level to mouse cartilage proteoglycan (PG), it is believed that these autoreactive antibodies may play crucial roles in the pathological mechanisms of PG-induced arthritis. We have found that fertility in these PG-induced arthritic mice had been reduced but, unlike collagen-induced arthritis, had not been completely lost. Moreover, pregnancy had a beneficial effect upon the clinical symptoms with very little or no influence on serum antibody levels. Although fertility was retained and arthritic mothers delivered healthy offspring, the birth frequency was significantly less than in non-arthritic age-matched controls. Furthermore, the presence of anti-PG autoantibodies (predominantly IgG1 subclass) transmitted from arthritic mothers to infants transplacentally and by milk during the lactation period did not render these offspring either resistant or more sensitive to subsequent induction of arthritis. Subsequent immunization of infants with 'arthritogenic' PG revealed an unaltered susceptibility to arthritis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Buzás
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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