1
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Michaelis C, Grohmann E. Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020328. [PMID: 36830238 PMCID: PMC9952180 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a complex matrix which is known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is especially worrisome in clinical settings as it hinders the treatment of infections with antibiotics due to the facilitated acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Environmental settings are now considered as pivotal for driving biofilm formation, biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance development and dissemination. Several studies have demonstrated that environmental biofilms can be hotspots for the dissemination of ARGs. These genes can be encoded on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as conjugative and mobilizable plasmids or integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). ARGs can be rapidly transferred through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) which has been shown to occur more frequently in biofilms than in planktonic cultures. Biofilm models are promising tools to mimic natural biofilms to study the dissemination of ARGs via HGT. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of biofilm studies and the techniques that visualize the three main HGT mechanisms in biofilms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
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2
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Louha S, Meinersmann RJ, Glenn TC. Whole genome genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium in a diverse collection of Listeria monocytogenes isolates. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242297. [PMID: 33630832 PMCID: PMC7906370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing for 2554 genes in a large and heterogenous panel of 180 Listeria monocytogenes strains having diverse geographical and temporal origins. The subtyping data was used for characterizing genetic variation and evaluating patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the pan-genome of L. monocytogenes. Our analysis revealed the presence of strong linkage disequilibrium in L. monocytogenes, with ~99% of genes showing significant non-random associations with a large majority of other genes in the genome. Twenty-seven loci having lower levels of association with other genes were considered to be potential “hot spots” for horizontal gene transfer (i.e., recombination via conjugation, transduction, and/or transformation). The patterns of linkage disequilibrium in L. monocytogenes suggest limited exchange of foreign genetic material in the genome and can be used as a tool for identifying new recombinant strains. This can help understand processes contributing to the diversification and evolution of this pathogenic bacteria, thereby facilitating development of effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnali Louha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard J. Meinersmann
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Travis C. Glenn
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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3
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Nyhan L, Begley M, Johnson N, Callanan M. An evaluation of Lux technology as an alternative methodology to determine growth rates of Listeria in laboratory media and complex food matrices. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 317:108442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Bacteriocins of Listeria monocytogenes and Their Potential as a Virulence Factor. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020103. [PMID: 32033406 PMCID: PMC7076858 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota exerts protective effects against the infection of various bacterial pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, a major foodborne pathogen whose infection can lead to a disease (listeriosis) with a high fatality rate. As a strategy to mitigate the action of the intestinal microbiota, pathogens often produce antimicrobial proteinaceous compounds such as bacteriocins. In this review, we summarize the information currently available for the well-characterized L. monocytogenes bacteriocin listeriolysin S, with the emphasis on its intriguing mode of action as a virulence factor, which promotes the infection of L. monocytogenes by changing the composition of the intestinal microbiota. We then discuss another intriguing L. monocytogenes bacteriocin Lmo2776 that specifically inhibits the inflammogenic species, Prevotella copri, in the intestinal microbiota, reducing superfluous inflammation while weakening virulence. In addition, we describe relatively less studied phage tail-like Listeria bacteriocins (monocins) and elaborate on the possibility that these monocins could be involved in enhancing pathogenicity. In spite of the burgeoning interest in the roles played by the intestinal microbiota against the L. monocytogenes infection, our understanding on the virulence factors affecting the intestinal microbiota is still lacking, calling for further studies on bacteriocins that could function as novel virulence factors.
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Nyhan L, Johnson N, Begley M, O'Leary P, Callanan M. Comparison of predicted and impedance determined growth of Listeria innocua in complex food matrices. Food Microbiol 2020; 87:103381. [PMID: 31948622 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Indirect impedance has been used for the detection and enumeration of bacteria, however there is limited data regarding the ability of the method to measure growth and inhibition of microorganisms in food in response to preservatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the technique to determine maximum growth rates of Listeria innocua (used as a surrogate for Listeria monocytogenes) in complex food matrices to which multiple preservative factors had been applied and assess the suitability of the data for use in predictive microbiology. Growth of L. innocua in laboratory medium (BHI broth) and two food matrices (zucchini purée and béarnaise sauce) under varying conditions of pH (5 & 5.3), water activity (0.93, 0.96 & 0.98) and acetic and propionic acid concentration (0, 1 & 2 mM) was monitored by the conductimetric Rapid Automated Bacterial Impedance Technology (R.A.B.I.T) system by means of CO2 emission for up to 120 h. Growth rates of L. innocua were determined for several conditions across the three test matrices and a good correlation between detection times and initial inoculum level was observed in most cases (R2 ≥ 0.82). However, growth of L. innocua was not detected in a large number of conditions and comparison of growth rates determined by indirect impedance to those determined by plate counts indicated that in general, the R.A.B.I.T. system under-estimated growth. This study demonstrates that there are limitations associated with the technology, and as a result the system may be unsuitable for measuring microbial growth rates in complex food matrices under the environmental conditions tested and within the time duration of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nyhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Nestec Ltd., Nestlé Research Konolfingen, Nestléstrasse 3, 3510, Konolfingen, Switzerland
| | - Máire Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Padraic O'Leary
- Nestec Ltd., Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Michael Callanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
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6
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Using genome-scale metabolic models to compare serovars of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198584. [PMID: 29879172 PMCID: PMC6012718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a microorganism of great concern for the food industry and the cause of human foodborne disease. Therefore, novel methods of control are needed, and systems biology is one such approach to identify them. Using a combination of computational techniques and laboratory methods, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can be created, validated, and used to simulate growth environments and discern metabolic capabilities of microbes of interest, including L. monocytogenes. The objective of the work presented here was to generate GEMs for six different strains of L. monocytogenes, and to both qualitatively and quantitatively validate these GEMs with experimental data to examine the diversity of metabolic capabilities of numerous strains from the three different serovar groups most associated with foodborne outbreaks and human disease. Following qualitative validation, 57 of the 95 carbon sources tested experimentally were present in the GEMs, and; therefore, these were the compounds from which comparisons could be drawn. Of these 57 compounds, agreement between in silico predictions and in vitro results for carbon source utilization ranged from 80.7% to 91.2% between strains. Nutrient utilization agreement between in silico predictions and in vitro results were also conducted for numerous nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur sources. Additionally, quantitative validation showed that the L. monocytogenes GEMs were able to generate in silico predictions for growth rate and growth yield that were strongly and significantly (p < 0.0013 and p < 0.0015, respectively) correlated with experimental results. These findings are significant because they show that these GEMs for L. monocytogenes are comparable to published GEMs of other organisms for agreement between in silico predictions and in vitro results. Therefore, as with the other GEMs, namely those for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Salmonella spp., they can be used to determine new methods of growth control and disease treatment.
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Schardt J, Jones G, Müller-Herbst S, Schauer K, D'Orazio SEF, Fuchs TM. Comparison between Listeria sensu stricto and Listeria sensu lato strains identifies novel determinants involved in infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17821. [PMID: 29259308 PMCID: PMC5736727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen L. monocytogenes and the animal pathogen L. ivanovii, together with four other species isolated from symptom-free animals, form the “Listeria sensu stricto” clade. The members of the second clade, “Listeria sensu lato”, are believed to be solely environmental bacteria without the ability to colonize mammalian hosts. To identify novel determinants that contribute to infection by L. monocytogenes, the causative agent of the foodborne disease listeriosis, we performed a genome comparison of the two clades and found 151 candidate genes that are conserved in the Listeria sensu stricto species. Two factors were investigated further in vitro and in vivo. A mutant lacking an ATP-binding cassette transporter exhibited defective adhesion and invasion of human Caco-2 cells. Using a mouse model of foodborne L. monocytogenes infection, a reduced number of the mutant strain compared to the parental strain was observed in the small intestine and the liver. Another mutant with a defective 1,2-propanediol degradation pathway showed reduced persistence in the stool of infected mice, suggesting a role of 1,2-propanediol as a carbon and energy source of listeriae during infection. These findings reveal the relevance of novel factors for the colonization process of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Schardt
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, and Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Grant Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stefanie Müller-Herbst
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, and Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kristina Schauer
- Lehrstuhl für Hygiene und Technologie der Milch, Tiermedizinische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutner Str. 8, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Sarah E F D'Orazio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thilo M Fuchs
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, and Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany. .,Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Molekulare Pathogenese, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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8
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Soni DK, Ghosh A, Chikara SK, Singh KM, Joshi CG, Dubey SK. Comparative whole genome analysis of Listeria monocytogenes 4b strains reveals least genome diversification irrespective of their niche specificity. GENE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Hu M, Gurtler JB. Selection of Surrogate Bacteria for Use in Food Safety Challenge Studies: A Review. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1506-1536. [PMID: 28805457 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonpathogenic surrogate bacteria are prevalently used in a variety of food challenge studies in place of foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium botulinum because of safety and sanitary concerns. Surrogate bacteria should have growth characteristics and/or inactivation kinetics similar to those of target pathogens under given conditions in challenge studies. It is of great importance to carefully select and validate potential surrogate bacteria when verifying microbial inactivation processes. A validated surrogate responds similar to the targeted pathogen when tested for inactivation kinetics, growth parameters, or survivability under given conditions in agreement with appropriate statistical analyses. However, a considerable number of food studies involving putative surrogate bacteria lack convincing validation sources or adequate validation processes. Most of the validation information for surrogates in these studies is anecdotal and has been collected from previous publications but may not be sufficient for given conditions in the study at hand. This review is limited to an overview of select studies and discussion of the general criteria and approaches for selecting potential surrogate bacteria under given conditions. The review also includes a list of documented bacterial pathogen surrogates and their corresponding food products and treatments to provide guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Hu
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551.,2 Department of Culinary Arts and Food Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-30, USA
| | - Joshua B Gurtler
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551
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10
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Greppi A, Rantsiou K. Methodological advancements in foodborne pathogen determination: from presence to behavior. Curr Opin Food Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Crotta M, Rizzi R, Varisco G, Daminelli P, Cunico EC, Luini M, Graber HU, Paterlini F, Guitian J. Multiple-Strain Approach and Probabilistic Modeling of Consumer Habits in Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment: A Quantitative Assessment of Exposure to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A in Raw Milk. J Food Prot 2016; 79:432-41. [PMID: 26939653 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models are extensively applied to inform management of a broad range of food safety risks. Inevitably, QMRA modeling involves an element of simplification of the biological process of interest. Two features that are frequently simplified or disregarded are the pathogenicity of multiple strains of a single pathogen and consumer behavior at the household level. In this study, we developed a QMRA model with a multiple-strain approach and a consumer phase module (CPM) based on uncertainty distributions fitted from field data. We modeled exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin A in raw milk in Lombardy; a specific enterotoxin production module was thus included. The model is adaptable and could be used to assess the risk related to other pathogens in raw milk as well as other staphylococcal enterotoxins. The multiplestrain approach, implemented as a multinomial process, allowed the inclusion of variability and uncertainty with regard to pathogenicity at the bacterial level. Data from 301 questionnaires submitted to raw milk consumers were used to obtain uncertainty distributions for the CPM. The distributions were modeled to be easily updatable with further data or evidence. The sources of uncertainty due to the multiple-strain approach and the CPM were identified, and their impact on the output was assessed by comparing specific scenarios to the baseline. When the distributions reflecting the uncertainty in consumer behavior were fixed to the 95th percentile, the risk of exposure increased up to 160 times. This reflects the importance of taking into consideration the diversity of consumers' habits at the household level and the impact that the lack of knowledge about variables in the CPM can have on the final QMRA estimates. The multiple-strain approach lends itself to use in other food matrices besides raw milk and allows the model to better capture the complexity of the real world and to be capable of geographical specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Crotta
- Department DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Rizzi
- Department DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Varisco
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute, Via Bianchi 79, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Daminelli
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute, Via Bianchi 79, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Cosciani Cunico
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute, Via Bianchi 79, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Luini
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute, Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Hans Ulrich Graber
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences IFS, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Franco Paterlini
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute, Via Rovelli 53, 24100 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Javier Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, Hatfield, UK
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12
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Simmons M, Morales CA, Oakley BB, Seal BS. Recombinant Expression of a Putative Amidase Cloned from the Genome of Listeria monocytogenes that Lyses the Bacterium and its Monolayer in Conjunction with a Protease. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 4:1-10. [PMID: 26781731 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-011-9084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, non-spore forming, catalase-positive rod that is a major bacterial food-borne disease agent associated with uncooked meats, including poultry, uncooked vegetables, soft cheeses, and unpasteurized milk. The bacterium may be carried by animals without signs of disease, can replicate at refrigeration temperatures, and is frequently associated with biofilms. There is a need to discover innovative pathogen intervention technologies for this bacterium. Consequently, bioinformatic analyses were used to identify genes encoding lytic protein sequences in the genomes of L. monocytogenes isolates. PCR primers were designed that amplified nucleotide sequences of a putative N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase gene from L. monocytogenes strain 4b. The resultant amplification product was cloned into an expression vector, propagated in Escherichia coli Rosetta strains, and the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity. Gene and protein sequencing confirmed that the predicted and chemically determined amino acid sequence of the recombinant protein designated PlyLM was a putative N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase. The recombinant lytic protein was capable of lysing both the parental L. monocytogenes strain as well as other strains of the bacterium in spot and MIC/MIB assays, but was not active against other bacteria beyond the genus. A microtiter plate assay was utilized to assay for the ability of the recombinant lysin protein to potentially aid with digestion of a L. monocytogenes biofilm. Protease or lysozyme digestion alone did not significantly reduce the L. monocytogenes biofilm. Although the recombinant protein alone reduced the biofilm by only 20%, complete digestion of the bacterial monolayer was accomplished in conjunction with a protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Simmons
- Poultry Microbiology Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 950 College Station Road, 30605, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Cesar A Morales
- Poultry Microbiology Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 950 College Station Road, 30605, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian B Oakley
- Poultry Microbiology Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 950 College Station Road, 30605, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Bruce S Seal
- Poultry Microbiology Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 950 College Station Road, 30605, Athens, GA, USA.
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13
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Michelon D, Leclercq A, Garric G, Guillier L, Beaufort A, Bergis H. Growth Potential Assessment of Listeria
in Milk Fat Products by Challenge Testing. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Michelon
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort; European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes; Paris-Est University; 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex France
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- WHO Collaborating Centre and French National Reference Centre for Listeria, Biology of Infection Unit; Institut Pasteur; 25 rue du Docteur Roux Paris France
| | - Gilles Garric
- INRA-Agrocampus Ouest; UMR 1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf; 65 rue de Saint Brieuc-35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort; European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes; Paris-Est University; 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex France
| | - Annie Beaufort
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort; European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes; Paris-Est University; 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex France
| | - Helene Bergis
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort; European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes; Paris-Est University; 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex France
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14
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Rapid detection and differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria species in deli meats by a new multiplex PCR method. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Quereda JJ, Ortega ÁD, Pucciarelli MG, García-del Portillo F. The Listeria Small RNA Rli27 Regulates a Cell Wall Protein inside Eukaryotic Cells by Targeting a Long 5'-UTR Variant. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004765. [PMID: 25356775 PMCID: PMC4214639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen whose genome encodes many cell wall proteins that bind covalently to peptidoglycan. Some members of this protein family have a key role in virulence, and recent studies show that some of these, such as Lmo0514, are upregulated in bacteria that colonize eukaryotic cells. The regulatory mechanisms that lead to these changes in cell wall proteins remain poorly characterized. Here we studied the regulation responsible for increased Lmo0514 protein levels in intracellular bacteria. The amount of this protein increased markedly in intracellular bacteria (>200-fold), which greatly exceeded the increase in lmo0514 transcript levels (∼6-fold). Rapid amplification of 5'-cDNA ends (RACE) assays identified two lmo0514 transcripts with 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR) of 28 and 234 nucleotides. The transcript containing the long 5'-UTR is upregulated by intracellular bacteria. The 234-nucleotide 5'-UTR is also the target of a small RNA (sRNA) denoted Rli27, which we identified by bioinformatics analysis as having extensive base pairing potential with the long 5'-UTR. The interaction is predicted to increase accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence occluded in the long 5'-UTR and thus to promote Lmo0514 protein production inside the eukaryotic cell. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that Rli27 is upregulated in intracellular bacteria. In vivo experiments indicated a decrease in Lmo0514 protein levels in intracellular bacteria that lacked Rli27. Wild-type Lmo0514 levels were restored by expressing the wild-type Rli27 molecule but not a mutated version unable to interact with the lmo0514 long 5'-UTR. These findings emphasize how 5'-UTR length affects regulation by defined sRNA. In addition, they demonstrate how alterations in the relative abundance of two transcripts with distinct 5'-UTR confine the action of an sRNA for a specific target to bacteria that occupy the intracellular eukaryotic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Quereda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro D. Ortega
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Graciela Pucciarelli
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’ (CBMSO-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MGP); (FGdP)
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MGP); (FGdP)
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16
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Rychli K, Müller A, Zaiser A, Schoder D, Allerberger F, Wagner M, Schmitz-Esser S. Genome sequencing of Listeria monocytogenes "Quargel" listeriosis outbreak strains reveals two different strains with distinct in vitro virulence potential. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89964. [PMID: 24587155 PMCID: PMC3935953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large listeriosis outbreak occurred in Austria, Germany and the Czech Republic in 2009 and 2010. The outbreak was traced back to a traditional Austrian curd cheese called “Quargel” which was contaminated with two distinct serovar 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes strains (QOC1 and QOC2). In this study we sequenced and analysed the genomes of both outbreak strains in order to investigate the extent of genetic diversity between the two strains belonging to MLST sequence types 398 (QOC2) and 403 (QOC1). Both genomes are highly similar, but also display distinct properties: The QOC1 genome is approximately 74 kbp larger than the QOC2 genome. In addition, the strains harbour 93 (QOC1) and 45 (QOC2) genes encoding strain-specific proteins. A 21 kbp region showing highest similarity to plasmid pLMIV encoding three putative internalins is integrated in the QOC1 genome. In contrast to QOC1, strain QOC2 harbours a vip homologue, which encodes a LPXTG surface protein involved in cell invasion. In accordance, in vitro virulence assays revealed distinct differences in invasion efficiency and intracellular proliferation within different cell types. The higher virulence potential of QOC1 in non-phagocytic cells may be explained by the presence of additional internalins in the pLMIV-like region, whereas the higher invasion capability of QOC2 into phagocytic cells may be due to the presence of a vip homologue. In addition, both strains show differences in stress-related gene content. Strain QOC1 encodes a so-called stress survival islet 1, whereas strain QOC2 harbours a homologue of the uncharacterized LMOf2365_0481 gene. Consistently, QOC1 shows higher resistance to acidic, alkaline and gastric stress. In conclusion, our results show that strain QOC1 and QOC2 are distinct and did not recently evolve from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rychli
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anneliese Müller
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Zaiser
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Schoder
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecularbiological Food Analytics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Karamonová L, Junková P, Mihalová D, Javůrková B, Fukal L, Rauch P, Blažková M. The potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of biogroups of Cronobacter sakazakii. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:409-418. [PMID: 23280972 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The bacterial genus Cronobacter was established quite recently, in 2008. Therefore, its systematic classification is still in progress as well as the risk assessment of Cronobacter strains. The possibility of rapid identification within the biogroup level has an essential epidemiological significance. We examined the potential of mass spectrometry to accomplish this task on species Cronobacter sakazakii comprising eight different biogroups. METHODS Members of all Cronobacter sakazakii biogroups were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) using intact cells. Analyses were performed on a Biflex IV MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer in the range of 2000 to 20 000 Da in linear mode with an accelerated voltage of 19 kV. RESULTS Optimal conditions for a proper identification of biogroups, such as suitable cultivation media or growth time of bacteria, were investigated. The biomarker patterns characterizing each of the Cronobacter sakazakii biogroups were obtained. The established identification protocol was applied to ten previously non-identified strains and their biogroups were successfully determined. CONCLUSIONS The presented work is the first report of successful and rapid bacterial biogroup taxonomy classification using MALDI-TOF-MS that could substitute demanding biochemical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Karamonová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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Garmyn D, Gal L, Lemaitre JP, Hartmann A, Piveteau P. Communication and autoinduction in the species Listeria monocytogenes: A central role for the agr system. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 2:371-4. [PMID: 19721895 DOI: 10.4161/cib.2.4.8610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to withstand changes in their environment, bacteria have evolved mechanisms to sense the surrounding environment, integrate these signals and adapt their physiology to thrive under fluctuating conditions. Among these mechanisms, the ability of bacteria to exchange information between cells has become a dynamic field of interest for microbiologists over the past four decades. First described by Nelson et al.,1 this phenomenon often referred as either cell-cell communication, Quorum Sensing and/or AutoInduction involves the synthesis of small signal molecules called autoinducers. These signal molecules may be sensed by the bacterial population in the vicinity and induce regulation of gene expression. To date, three major communication systems have been described in bacteria. In this mini-review, we discuss the involvement of known communication systems in the transmission of information in the species Listeria monocytogenes. We will also discuss the latest findings on the role of communication in the regulation by Listeria monocytogenes of major adaptive strategies.
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Pontiroli F, Dussurget O, Zanoni I, Urbano M, Beretta O, Granucci F, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Cossart P, Foti M. The timing of IFNβ production affects early innate responses to Listeria monocytogenes and determines the overall outcome of lethal infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43455. [PMID: 22912878 PMCID: PMC3422257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells are essential components of the innate immunity and play a crucial role in the first phase of host defense against infections and tumors. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an intracellular pathogen that colonizes the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Recent findings have shown Lm specifically in splenic CD8a+ DCs shortly after intravenous infection. We examined gene expression profiles of mouse DCs exposed to Lm to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying DCs interaction with Lm. Using a functional genomics approach, we found that Lm infection induced a cluster of late response genes including type I IFNs and interferon responsive genes (IRGs) in DCs. Type I INFs were produced at the maximal level only at 24 h post infection indicating that the regulation of IFNs in the context of Lm infection is delayed compared to the rapid response observed with viral pathogens. We showed that during Lm infection, IFNγ production and cytotoxic activity were severely impaired in NK cells compared to E. coli infection. These defects were restored by providing an exogenous source of IFNβ during the initial phase of bacterial challenge. Moreover, when treated with IFNβ during early infection, NK cells were able to reduce bacterial titer in the spleen and significantly improve survival of infected mice. These findings show that the timing of IFNβ production is fundamental to the efficient control of the bacterium during the early innate phase of Lm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pontiroli
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Urbano
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio Beretta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Genopolis Consortium, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Maria Foti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Genopolis Consortium, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Milillo SR, Friedly EC, Saldivar JC, Muthaiyan A, O'bryan C, Crandall PG, Johnson MG, Ricke SC. A Review of the Ecology, Genomics, and Stress Response ofListeria innocuaandListeria monocytogenes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:712-25. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.507909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mishra KK, Mendonca M, Aroonnual A, Burkholder KM, Bhunia AK. Genetic organization and molecular characterization of secA2 locus in Listeria species. Gene 2011; 489:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhao H, Chen J, Fang C, Xia Y, Cheng C, Jiang L, Fang W. Deciphering the biodiversity of Listeria monocytogenes lineage III strains by polyphasic approaches. J Microbiol 2011; 49:759-67. [PMID: 22068492 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-1006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of humans and animals. The majority of human listeriosis cases are caused by strains of lineages I and II, while lineage III strains are rare and seldom implicated in human listeriosis. We revealed by 16S rRNA sequencing the special evolutionary status of L. monocytogenes lineage III, which falls between lineages I and II strains of L. monocytogenes and the non-pathogenic species L. innocua and L. marthii in the dendrogram. Thirteen lineage III strains were then characterized by polyphasic approaches. Biochemical reactions demonstrated 8 biotypes, internalin profiling identified 10 internal-in types clustered in 4 groups, and multilocus sequence typing differentiated 12 sequence types. These typing schemes show that lineage III strains represent the most diverse population of L. monocytogenes, and comprise at least four subpopulations IIIA-1, IIIA-2, HIB, and IIIC. The in vitro and in vivo virulence assessments showed that two lineage IIIA-2 strains had reduced pathogenicity, while the other lineage III strains had comparable virulence to lineages I and II. The HIB strains are phylogenetically distinct from other sub-populations, providing additional evidence that this sublineage represents a novel lineage. The two biochemical reactions L-rhamnose and L-lactate alkalinization, and 10 internalins were identified as potential markers for lineage III subpopulations. This study provides new insights into the biodiversity and population structure of lineage III strains, which are important for understanding the evolution of the L. mono-cytogenes-L. innocua clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxin Zhao
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, P. R. China
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Rahnama M, Najimi M, Ali S. Antibacterial effects of Myristica fragrans, Zataria multiflora Boiss, Syzygium aromaticum, and Zingiber officinale Rosci essential oils, alone and in combination with nisin on Listeria monocytogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-011-1287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Velge P, Roche SM. Variability of Listeria monocytogenes virulence: a result of the evolution between saprophytism and virulence? Future Microbiol 2011; 5:1799-821. [PMID: 21155663 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Listeria consists of eight species but only two are pathogenic. Human listeriosis due to Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne disease. L. monocytogenes is widespread in the environment living as a saprophyte, but is also capable of making the transition into a pathogen following its ingestion by susceptible humans or animals. It is now known that many distinct strains of L. monocytogenes differ in their virulence and epidemic potential. Unfortunately, there is currently no standard definition of virulence levels and no complete comprehensive overview of the evolution of Listeria species and L. monocytogenes strains taking into account the presence of both epidemic and low-virulence strains. This article focuses on the methods and genes allowing us to determine the pathogenic potential of Listeria strains, and the evolution of Listeria virulence. The presence of variable levels of virulence within L. monocytogenes has important consequences on detection of Listeria strains and risk analysis but also on our comprehension of how certain pathogens will behave in a population over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Velge
- INRA de tours, UR1282, Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Koo O, Aroonnual A, Bhunia A. Human heat-shock protein 60 receptor-coated paramagnetic beads show improved capture of Listeria monocytogenes in the presence of other Listeria in food. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:93-104. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Blue and red light modulates SigB-dependent gene transcription, swimming motility and invasiveness in Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16151. [PMID: 21264304 PMCID: PMC3019169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a number of gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria, the general stress response is regulated by the alternative sigma factor B (SigB). Common stressors which lead to the activation of SigB and the SigB-dependent regulon are high osmolarity, acid and several more. Recently is has been shown that also blue and red light activates SigB in Bacillus subtilis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By qRT-PCR we analyzed the transcriptional response of the pathogen L. monocytogenes to blue and red light in wild type bacteria and in isogenic deletion mutants for the putative blue-light receptor Lmo0799 and the stress sigma factor SigB. It was found that both blue (455 nm) and red (625 nm) light induced the transcription of sigB and SigB-dependent genes, this induction was completely abolished in the SigB mutant. The blue-light effect was largely dependent on Lmo0799, proving that this protein is a genuine blue-light receptor. The deletion of lmo0799 enhanced the red-light effect, the underlying mechanism as well as that of SigB activation by red light remains unknown. Blue light led to an increased transcription of the internalin A/B genes and of bacterial invasiveness for Caco-2 enterocytes. Exposure to blue light also strongly inhibited swimming motility of the bacteria in a Lmo0799- and SigB-dependent manner, red light had no effect there. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data established that visible, in particular blue light is an important environmental signal with an impact on gene expression and physiology of the non-phototrophic bacterium L. monocytogenes. In natural environments these effects will result in sometimes random but potentially also cyclic fluctuations of gene activity, depending on the light conditions prevailing in the respective habitat.
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den Bakker HC, Cummings CA, Ferreira V, Vatta P, Orsi RH, Degoricija L, Barker M, Petrauskene O, Furtado MR, Wiedmann M. Comparative genomics of the bacterial genus Listeria: Genome evolution is characterized by limited gene acquisition and limited gene loss. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:688. [PMID: 21126366 PMCID: PMC3019230 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterial genus Listeria contains pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, including the pathogens L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii, both of which carry homologous virulence gene clusters such as the prfA cluster and clusters of internalin genes. Initial evidence for multiple deletions of the prfA cluster during the evolution of Listeria indicates that this genus provides an interesting model for studying the evolution of virulence and also presents practical challenges with regard to definition of pathogenic strains. Results To better understand genome evolution and evolution of virulence characteristics in Listeria, we used a next generation sequencing approach to generate draft genomes for seven strains representing Listeria species or clades for which genome sequences were not available. Comparative analyses of these draft genomes and six publicly available genomes, which together represent the main Listeria species, showed evidence for (i) a pangenome with 2,032 core and 2,918 accessory genes identified to date, (ii) a critical role of gene loss events in transition of Listeria species from facultative pathogen to saprotroph, even though a consistent pattern of gene loss seemed to be absent, and a number of isolates representing non-pathogenic species still carried some virulence associated genes, and (iii) divergence of modern pathogenic and non-pathogenic Listeria species and strains, most likely circa 47 million years ago, from a pathogenic common ancestor that contained key virulence genes. Conclusions Genome evolution in Listeria involved limited gene loss and acquisition as supported by (i) a relatively high coverage of the predicted pan-genome by the observed pan-genome, (ii) conserved genome size (between 2.8 and 3.2 Mb), and (iii) a highly syntenic genome. Limited gene loss in Listeria did include loss of virulence associated genes, likely associated with multiple transitions to a saprotrophic lifestyle. The genus Listeria thus provides an example of a group of bacteria that appears to evolve through a loss of virulence rather than acquisition of virulence characteristics. While Listeria includes a number of species-like clades, many of these putative species include clades or strains with atypical virulence associated characteristics. This information will allow for the development of genetic and genomic criteria for pathogenic strains, including development of assays that specifically detect pathogenic Listeria strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk C den Bakker
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Oevermann A, Zurbriggen A, Vandevelde M. Rhombencephalitis Caused by Listeria monocytogenes in Humans and Ruminants: A Zoonosis on the Rise? Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2010; 2010:632513. [PMID: 20204066 PMCID: PMC2829626 DOI: 10.1155/2010/632513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is an emerging zoonotic infection of humans and ruminants worldwide caused by Listeria monocytogenes (LM). In both host species, CNS disease accounts for the high mortality associated with listeriosis and includes rhombencephalitis, whose neuropathology is strikingly similar in humans and ruminants. This review discusses the current knowledge about listeric encephalitis, and involved host and bacterial factors. There is an urgent need to study the molecular mechanisms of neuropathogenesis, which are poorly understood. Such studies will provide a basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies that aim to prevent LM from invading the brain and spread within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oevermann
- Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zurbriggen
- Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Vandevelde
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Sleator RD, Watson D, Hill C, Gahan CGM. The interaction between Listeria monocytogenes and the host gastrointestinal tract. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:2463-2475. [PMID: 19542009 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.030205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes significant foodborne disease with high mortality rates in immunocompromised adults. In pregnant women foodborne infection can give rise to infection of the fetus resulting in miscarriage. In addition, the bacterium has recently been demonstrated to cause localized gastrointestinal symptoms, predominantly in immunocompetent individuals. The murine model of systemic L. monocytogenes infection has provided numerous insights into the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this organism. However, recent application of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches as well as the development of new model systems has allowed a focus upon factors that influence adaptation to gastrointestinal environments and adhesion to and invasion of the gastrointestinal mucosa. In addition, the availability of a large number of complete L. monocytogenes genome sequences has permitted inter-strain comparisons and the identification of factors that may influence the emergence of 'epidemic' phenotypes. Here we review some of the exciting recent developments in the analysis of the interaction between L. monocytogenes and the host gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy D Sleator
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Debbie Watson
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Chen J, Jiang L, Chen Q, Zhao H, Luo X, Chen X, Fang W. lmo0038Is Involved in Acid and Heat Stress Responses and Specific forListeria monocytogenesLineages I and II, andListeria ivanovii. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:365-76. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomiao Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huancan Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokai Luo
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Chen J, Zhang X, Mei L, Jiang L, Fang W. Prevalence ofListeriain Chinese Food Products from 13 Provinces Between 2000 and 2007 and Virulence Characterization ofListeria monocytogenesIsolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:7-14. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshun Chen
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingling Mei
- Zhejiang Centre for Disease Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Dussurget O. Chapter 1 New Insights into Determinants of Listeria Monocytogenes Virulence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 270:1-38. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Severino P, Dussurget O, Vêncio RZN, Dumas E, Garrido P, Padilla G, Piveteau P, Lemaître JP, Kunst F, Glaser P, Buchrieser C. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Listeria monocytogenes strains of the two major lineages reveals differences in virulence, cell wall, and stress response. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:6078-88. [PMID: 17704270 PMCID: PMC2075013 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02730-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne, opportunistic, bacterial pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases, including meningitis, septicemia, abortion, and gastroenteritis, in humans and animals. Among the 13 L. monocytogenes serovars described, human listeriosis is mostly associated with strains of serovars 4b, 1/2b, and 1/2a. Within the species L. monocytogenes, three phylogenetic lineages are described. Serovar 1/2a belongs to phylogenetic lineage I, while serovars 4b and 1/2b group in phylogenetic lineage II. To explore the role of gene expression in the adaptation of L. monocytogenes strains of these two major lineages to different environments, as well as in virulence, we performed whole-genome expression profiling of six L. monocytogenes isolates of serovars 4b, 1/2b, and 1/2a of distinct origins, using a newly constructed Listeria multigenome DNA array. Comparison of the global gene expression profiles revealed differences among strains. The expression profiles of two strains having distinct 50% lethal doses, as assessed in the mouse model, were further analyzed. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified differences in protein-, nucleic acid-, carbon metabolism-, and virulence-related gene expression. Comparison of the expression profiles of the core genomes of all strains revealed differences between the two lineages with respect to cell wall synthesis, the stress-related sigma B regulon and virulence-related genes. These findings suggest different patterns of interaction with host cells and the environment, key factors for host colonization and survival in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Severino
- Unité de Génomique des Microorganismes Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous gram positive bacterium responsible for a severe food borne disease in human and animals which has become a multifaceted model. Indeed, it is a facultative intracellular bacterium that induces an amazingly rapid and sterilizing T-cell response and has been--and still is--widely used by immunologists. Listeria's strategies to invade non-phagocytic cells and spread from cell to cell have been and still are outstandingly instrumental to address key questions in cell biology. Orally acquired listeriosis can now be studied in relevant animal models. Finally, Listeria is among the few bacteria which have so rapidly benefited from comparative genomics. It now ranks among the most documented pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Cossart
- Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, INSERM U604, INRA USC 2020, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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