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Song F, Li W, Zhao X, Hou S, Wang Y, Wang S, Gao J, Chen X, Li J, Zhang R, Jiang S, Zhu Y. Epidemiological and molecular investigations of Salmonella isolated from duck farms in southwest and around area of Shandong, China. Microb Pathog 2024; 195:106816. [PMID: 39032675 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella is a zoonotic pathogen posing a serious risk to the farming industry and public health due to food animals serving as reservoirs for future contamination and spread of Salmonella. The present study is designed to monitor the contamination status of Salmonella in duck farms and the main control points during breeding. 160 strains of duck-derived Salmonella were isolated from the 736 samples (cloacal swabs, feces, water, feed, soil, air and dead duck embryos) collected in southwest Shandong Province and the province's surrounding area. The percentage of Salmonella-positive samples collected was 21.74 % (160/736), and the greatest prevalence from duck embryo samples (40.00 %, 36/90). These Salmonella were classified into 23 serotypes depending on their O and H antigens, in which S. Typhimurium (30.15 %), S. Kottbus (13.97 %) and S. Enteritidis (10.29 %) were the prevailing serotypes. Subsequently, the molecular subtyping was done. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) analysis showed that 41 strains of S. Typhimurium and 14 strains of S. Enteritidis were classified into 13 and 3 genotypes, respectively. 19 S. Kottbus isolates from different sources featured ST1546, ST198, ST321, and ST1690 by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, among which ST1546 belongs to S. Kottbus was a new ST. The minimum spanning tree analysis based on the two CRISPR loci and seven MLST loci from all S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis and S. Kottbus isolates revealed that duck embryos, feed and water were key control points to the spread of Salmonella along the breeding chain. Meanwhile, the emergence of S. Kottbus in duck flocks was considered a potential public health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahui Song
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shaopeng Hou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xuesheng Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China.
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Rodrigues IC, Cristal AP, Ribeiro-Almeida M, Silveira L, Prata JC, Simões R, Vaz-Pires P, Pista Â, Martins da Costa P. Gulls in Porto Coastline as Reservoirs for Salmonella spp.: Findings from 2008 and 2023. Microorganisms 2023; 12:59. [PMID: 38257887 PMCID: PMC10819206 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gulls act as intermediaries in the exchange of microorganisms between the environment and human settlements, including Salmonella spp. This study assessed the antimicrobial resistance and molecular profiles of Salmonella spp. isolates obtained from fecal samples of gulls in the city of Porto, Portugal, in 2008 and 2023 and from water samples in 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling revealed an improvement in the prevalence (71% to 17%) and antimicrobial resistance between the two collection dates. Two isolate collections from both 2008 and 2023 underwent serotyping and whole-genome sequencing, revealing genotypic changes, including an increased frequency in the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium. qacE was identified in 2008 and 2023 in both water and fecal samples, with most isolates exhibiting an MDR profile. The most frequently observed plasmid types were IncF in 2008 (23%), while IncQ1 predominated in 2023 (43%). Findings suggest that Salmonella spp. circulate between humans, animals, and the environment. However, the genetic heterogeneity among the isolates from the gulls' feces and the surface water may indicate a complex ecological and evolutionary dynamic shaped by changing conditions. The observed improvements are likely due to measures to reduce biological contamination and antimicrobial resistance. Nevertheless, additional strategies must be implemented to reduce the public health risk modeled by the dissemination of pathogens by gulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C. Rodrigues
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (A.P.C.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.-P.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Cristal
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (A.P.C.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.-P.)
| | - Marisa Ribeiro-Almeida
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (A.P.C.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.-P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- INSA—National Institute of Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.S.); (Â.P.)
| | - Joana C. Prata
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (A.P.C.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.-P.)
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Roméo Simões
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (A.P.C.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.-P.)
| | - Paulo Vaz-Pires
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (A.P.C.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.-P.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ângela Pista
- INSA—National Institute of Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.S.); (Â.P.)
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (A.P.C.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (R.S.); (P.V.-P.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Gómez-Baltazar A, Godínez-Oviedo A, Vázquez-Marrufo G, Vázquez-Garcidueñas MS, Hernández-Iturriaga M. Genomic analysis of the MLST population structure and antimicrobial resistance genes associated with Salmonella enterica in Mexico. Genome 2023; 66:319-332. [PMID: 37478495 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most commonly reported foodborne pathogens by public health agencies worldwide. In this study, the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) population structure and frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were evaluated in S. enterica strains from Mexico (n = 2561). The most common sources of isolation were food (44.28%), environment (27.41%), animal-related (24.83%), and human (3.48%). The most prevalent serovars were Newport (8.51%), Oranienburg (7.03%), Anatum (5.78%), Typhimurium (5.12%), and Infantis (4.57%). As determined by the 7-gene MLST scheme, the most frequent sequence types were ST23, ST64, and ST32. The core genome MLST scheme identified 132 HC2000 and 195 HC900 hierarchical clusters, with the HC2000_2 cluster being the most prevalent in Mexico (n = 256). A total of 78 different AMR genes belonging to 13 antimicrobial classes were detected in 638 genomic assemblies of S. enterica. The most frequent class was aminoglycosides (31.76%), followed by tetracyclines (12.53%) and sulfonamides (11.91%). These results can help public health agencies in Mexico prioritize their efforts and resources to increase the genomic sequencing of circulating Salmonella strains. Additionally, they provide valuable information for local and global public health efforts to reduce the impact of foodborne diseases and AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Baltazar
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Angélica Godínez-Oviedo
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro C.P. 58893, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ma Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez," Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia C.P. 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Hernández-Iturriaga
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
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