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Tseng PC, Kuo CF, Cheng MH, Wan SW, Lin CF, Chang CP, Lin YS, Wu JJ, Huang CC, Chen CL. HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase-Regulated Txnip Degradation Facilitates TLR2-Mediated Inflammation During Group A Streptococcal Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2147. [PMID: 31620121 PMCID: PMC6759821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) inhibits the activity of thioredoxin (Trx) to modulate inflammatory responses. The burden of inflammation caused by microbial infection is strongly associated with disease severity; however, the role of Txnip in bacterial infection remains unclear. In Group A Streptococcus (GAS)-infected macrophages, Txnip was degraded independent of glucose consumption and streptococcal cysteine protease expression. Treatment with proteasome inhibitors reversed GAS-induced Txnip degradation. The activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) initiated Txnip degradation, while no further Txnip degradation was observed in TLR2-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages. NADPH oxidase-regulated NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory activation were induced and accompanied by Txnip degradation during GAS infection. Silencing Txnip prompted TLR2-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production whereas the blockage of Txnip degradation by pharmacologically inhibiting the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase with heclin and AMP-dependent protein kinase with dorsomorphin effectively reduced such effects. Our findings reveal that TLR2/NADPH oxidase-mediated Txnip proteasomal degradation facilitates pro-inflammatory cytokine production during GAS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Tseng
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Kuo
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Huei Cheng
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yoshizawa S, Matsumura T, Ikebe T, Ichibayashi R, Fukui Y, Satoh T, Tsubota T, Honda M, Ishii Y, Tateda K, Ato M. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by β-hemolytic streptococci: Clinical features and cytokine and chemokine analyses of 15 cases. J Infect Chemother 2019; 25:355-361. [PMID: 30744988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES β-Hemolytic streptococci occasionally cause severe infections such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Here, we conducted a prospective study to investigate the production of cytokines and chemokines in patients with STSS to explore its pathogenesis in survivors and fatal cases. METHODS From January 2013 through August 2015, all culture results from normally sterile sites were prospectively followed and screened for STSS. Clinical characteristics of the patients with STSS were evaluated and compared between survivors and fatal cases. Serum samples were collected on admission for quantification of various cytokines and chemokines. Bacterial strains were categorized by Lancefield grouping and analyzed for the emm type, and presence of speA, speB, speC, and speF. RESULTS Fifteen patients received diagnosis of STSS. The median age of the patients was 60-year-old, and the mortality rate was 40% despite intensive treatment. Nine strains were categorized as group A, two belonged to group G, and four to group B. Group A contained various emm genotypes. Unexpectedly, potent proinflammatory cytokine levels such as TNF-α and IL-1β were not significantly elevated, and comparison with surviving patients showed that IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 levels were significantly decreased and creatine kinase level was significantly elevated in fatally ill cases. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines may be involved in STSS pathogenesis and critical for prognosis of patients with STSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadako Yoshizawa
- Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Ikebe
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ichibayashi
- Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Fukui
- Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Satoh
- Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Tsubota
- Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Honda
- Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, 143-8540, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640, Tokyo, Japan.
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Thompson KM, Sterkel AK, McBride JA, Corliss RF. The Shock of Strep: Rapid Deaths Due to Group a Streptococcus. Acad Forensic Pathol 2018; 8:136-149. [PMID: 31240031 DOI: 10.23907/2018.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A beta-hemolytic strep, is a Gram positive coccus responsible for several million infections every year. The types of infections vary widely from pharyngitis to myositis, but all can advance to severe life threatening invasive disease. Of those infected, approximately 1100 to 1600 people die each year due to invasive disease. Why certain individuals contract severe infections is not known, but many strains of Streptococcus pyogenes are known to produce toxins and superantigens. Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections have been shown to cause significant morbidity and rapid mortality. In many cases, patients expire before full antemortem testing can be performed, causing physicians and families to look to forensic pathologists for answers. Understanding the pathogenesis of invasive group A strep infections, relevant gross and microscopic findings, and proper culturing techniques is critical for forensic pathologists to diagnosis this condition and assist in the education and protection of the communities they serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Thompson
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Alana K Sterkel
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene - Department of Communicable Disease
| | - Joseph A McBride
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Robert F Corliss
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
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The Role of Corticosteroids in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome caused by Viridans Group Streptococci Bacteremia in Neutropenic Patients. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2014; 6:e2014055. [PMID: 25237468 PMCID: PMC4165499 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2014.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, viridans group Streptococci (VGS) have emerged as an important cause of bacteremia in neutropenic patients with cancer. The clinical course of VGS bacteremia can be devastating including septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has been suggested that septicemia with VGS triggers the development of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients with pre-existing damage of the lungs due to aggressive cytotoxic treatment. Thus, the preemptive administration of corticosteroid to patients diagnosed with VGS bacteremia with early onset of respiratory failure has been employed to prevent ARDS. While this management strategy has been suggested in the literature, little published data are available to validate this practice. In this study, we sought to review the benefit of early administration of corticosteroid to patients who developed symptom or early signs of respiratory failure while being neutropenic with VGS bacteremia.
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Duell BL, Tan CK, Carey AJ, Wu F, Cripps AW, Ulett GC. Recent insights into microbial triggers of interleukin-10 production in the host and the impact on infectious disease pathogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:295-313. [PMID: 22268692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial description as a Th2-cytokine antagonistic to interferon-alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, many studies have shown various anti-inflammatory actions of interleukin-10 (IL-10), and its role in infection as a key regulator of innate immunity. Studies have shown that IL-10 induced in response to microorganisms and their products plays a central role in shaping pathogenesis. IL-10 appears to function as both sword and shield in the response to varied groups of microorganisms in its capacity to mediate protective immunity against some organisms but increase susceptibility to other infections. The nature of IL-10 as a pleiotropic modulator of host responses to microorganisms is explained, in part, by its potent and varied effects on different immune effector cells which influence antimicrobial activity. A new understanding of how microorganisms trigger IL-10 responses is emerging, along with recent discoveries of how IL-10 produced during disease might be harnessed for better protective or therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize studies from the past 5 years that have reported the induction of IL-10 by different classes of pathogenic microorganisms, including protozoa, nematodes, fungi, viruses and bacteria and discuss the impact of this induction on the persistence and/or clearance of microorganisms in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Duell
- School of Medical Sciences, Centre for Medicine and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
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