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Wen X, Li D, Wang H, Zhang D, Song J, Zhou Z, Huang W, Xia X, Hu X, Liu W, Gonzales J, Via LE, Zhang L, Wang D. IQGAP1 domesticates macrophages to favor mycobacteria survival via modulating NF-κB signal and augmenting VEGF secretion. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112549. [PMID: 38944950 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), still ranks among the leading causes of annual human death by infectious disease. Mtb has developed several strategies to survive for years at a time within the host despite the presence of a robust immune response, including manipulating the progression of the inflammatory response and forming granulomatous lesions. Here we demonstrate that IQGAP1, a highly conserved scaffolding protein, compartmentalizes and coordinates multiple signaling pathways in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium marinum (Mm or M.marinum), the closest relative of Mtb. Upregulated IQGAP1 ultimately suppresses TNF-α production by repressing the MKK3 signal and reducing NF-κBp65 translocation, deactivating the p38MAPK pathway. Accordingly, IQGAP1 silencing and overexpression significantly alter p38MAPK activity by modulating the production of phosphorylated MKK3 during mycobacterial infection. Pharmacological inhibition of IQGAP1-associated microtubule assembly not only alleviates tissue damage caused by M.marinum infection but also significantly decreases the production of VEGF-a critical player for granuloma-associated angiogenesis during pathogenic mycobacterial infection. Similarly, IQGAP1 silencing in Mm-infected macrophages diminishes VEGF production, while IQGAP1 overexpression upregulates VEGF. Our data indicate that mycobacteria induce IQGAP1 to hijack NF-κBp65 activation, preventing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines as well as promoting VEGF production during infection and granuloma formation. Thus, therapies targeting host IQGAP1 may be a promising strategy for treating tuberculosis, particularly in drug-resistant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443003, PR China
| | - Hankun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Jingrui Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Xuan Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443003, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China; Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, PR China
| | - Jacqueline Gonzales
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20982, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20982, MD, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Decheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China.
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Zhang S, Zhang L, Liu T, Qiao Y, Cao X, Cheng J, Wu H, Shen H. Investigating the transcriptomic variances in two phases Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP) in Litopenaeus vannamei. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 203:108061. [PMID: 38244837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the transcriptomic differences in two distinct phases of Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP) in Litopenaeus vannamei, a crucial aspect in shrimp health management. We employed high-throughput sequencing to categorize samples into two phases, 'Phase A' and 'Phase B', defined by the differential expression of PTP2 and TPS1 genes. Our analysis identified 2057 genes, with 78 exhibiting significant variances, including 62 upregulated and 16 downregulated genes. Enrichment analyses via GO and KEGG pathways highlighted these genes' roles in cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and immune responses. Notably, genes like IQGAP2, Rhob, Pim1, and PCM1 emerged as potentially crucial in EHP's infection process and lifecycle. We hypothesize that these genes may influence trehalose metabolism and glucose provision, impacting the biological activities within EHP during different phases. Interestingly, a lower transcript count in 'Phase A' EHP suggests a reduction in biological activities, likely preparing for host cell invasion. This research provides a foundational understanding of EHP infection mechanisms, offering vital insights for future studies and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Leiting Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingyue Liu
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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3
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Quan XQ, Xu C, Wang RC, Zhang CT, Zhang Q, Zhou HL. The relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and CD4/CD8 ratio, lymphocyte subsets in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104541. [PMID: 33068732 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) is a common respiratory pathogen associated with many inflammatory diseases. There are few data concerning the lymphocyte subsets in middle-aged and elderly individuals with C. pneumoniae infection. A total of 191 patients were included in this study. The study population was categorized into the middle-aged group (40-64 years old) and the elderly group (65-89 years old). Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were examined with multi-colored flow cytometry. Immunological monitoring included lymphocyte subsets, C. pneumoniae IgG and IgM serology. In the middle-aged group, 69.83% individuals presented IgG positivity, which was associated with the inverted CD4/CD8 ratio. Individuals with C. pneumoniae IgG positivity also presented an increased percentage of CD8+CD28- cells and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio when compared to weakly-positive individuals. In the elderly group, C. pneumoniae IgG positivity was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of CD3+CD56+CD45+ (NKT) cells. In conclusion, altered lymphocyte homeostasis was shown in middle-aged individuals with C. pneumoniae IgG positivity. The senescent phenotypes of T cells might be associated with C. pneumoniae infection in middle-aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Quan
- Department of General Pratice, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Run-Chang Wang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cun-Tai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Qing--
| | - Hong-Lian Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Dai R, Dong J, Li W, Zhou Y, Zhou W, Zhou W, Chen M. Antibody to oxidized low-density lipoprotein inhibits THP1 cells from apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB pathway activation. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2019; 9:355-361. [PMID: 31555540 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate whether the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) antibody is able to inhibit THP1 cell apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB pathway. Methods THP1 cells were induced to macrophages with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Macrophages were divided into control group, Ox-LDL group and antibody group, cells in which were treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Ox-LDL (50 mg/mL), Ox-LDL (50 µg/mL) plus Ox-LDL antibody (100 mg/L), respectively, for 24 h. The apoptosis rate was determined by inverted microscopy and flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB (P65), caspase-3 and BCL2 was detected by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results The apoptosis rate reduced significantly in antibody group as compared to Ox-LDL and control groups (P<0.05). The protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB pathway was markedly lowered in antibody group than in Ox-LDL and control groups (P<0.05), which reduced the Ox-LDL induced inflammation. Conclusions Ox-LDL antibody may be used to attenuate Ox-LDL induced inflammation and apoptosis, preventing atherosclerosis patients from acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weijuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Manhua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
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Wang B, Zhang L, Liu J, Ma L, Wang H, Zheng N, Chen X, Shen B, Xu Z, Zhang L. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection promotes vascular endothelial cell angiogenesis through an IQGAP1-related signaling pathway. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 307:276-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Inter-kingdom Signaling by the Legionella Quorum Sensing Molecule LAI-1 Modulates Cell Migration through an IQGAP1-Cdc42-ARHGEF9-Dependent Pathway. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005307. [PMID: 26633832 PMCID: PMC4669118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule signaling promotes the communication between bacteria as well as between bacteria and eukaryotes. The opportunistic pathogenic bacterium Legionella pneumophila employs LAI-1 (3-hydroxypentadecane-4-one) for bacterial cell-cell communication. LAI-1 is produced and detected by the Lqs (Legionella quorum sensing) system, which regulates a variety of processes including natural competence for DNA uptake and pathogen-host cell interactions. In this study, we analyze the role of LAI-1 in inter-kingdom signaling. L. pneumophila lacking the autoinducer synthase LqsA no longer impeded the migration of infected cells, and the defect was complemented by plasmid-borne lqsA. Synthetic LAI-1 dose-dependently inhibited cell migration, without affecting bacterial uptake or cytotoxicity. The forward migration index but not the velocity of LAI-1-treated cells was reduced, and the cell cytoskeleton appeared destabilized. LAI-1-dependent inhibition of cell migration involved the scaffold protein IQGAP1, the small GTPase Cdc42 as well as the Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF9, but not other modulators of Cdc42, or RhoA, Rac1 or Ran GTPase. Upon treatment with LAI-1, Cdc42 was inactivated and IQGAP1 redistributed to the cell cortex regardless of whether Cdc42 was present or not. Furthermore, LAI-1 reversed the inhibition of cell migration by L. pneumophila, suggesting that the compound and the bacteria antagonistically target host signaling pathway(s). Collectively, the results indicate that the L. pneumophila quorum sensing compound LAI-1 modulates migration of eukaryotic cells through a signaling pathway involving IQGAP1, Cdc42 and ARHGEF9.
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Ma L, Zhang L, Wang B, Wei J, Liu J, Zhang L. Berberine inhibits Chlamydia pneumoniae infection-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration through downregulating MMP3 and MMP9 via PI3K. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 755:102-9. [PMID: 25746423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which Chlamydia pneumoniae infection promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration required in the development of atherosclerosis have not yet been fully clarified. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have important roles in VSMC migration. However, it is still unknown whether MMPs are involved in C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration. In addition, whether berberine can exert its inhibitory effects on the infection-induced VSMC migration also remains unclear. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of berberine on C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration and explored the possible mechanisms involved in this process. Herein, we found that C. pneumoniae infection could induce VSMC migration through Matrigel-coated membrane (P<0.05), which can be significantly inhibited by the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 (P<0.05). Our results also showed that C. pneumoniae infection upregulated both mRNA and protein expressions of MMP3 and MMP9 (P<0.05). The specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 significantly suppressed the increases in MMP3 and MMP9 protein expressions induced by C. pneumoniae infection (P<0.05). Further experiments showed that berberine significantly attenuated C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration (P<0.05). Moreover, berberine suppressed the protein expressions of MMP3 and MMP9 caused by C. pneumoniae infection in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). C. pneumoniae infection-induced increase in the phosphorylation level of Akt at Ser473 was inhibited by the treatment with berberine (P<0.05). Taken together, our data suggest that berberine inhibits C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration by downregulating the expressions of MMP3 and MMP9 via PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Junyan Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jingya Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Hedman AC, Smith JM, Sacks DB. The biology of IQGAP proteins: beyond the cytoskeleton. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:427-46. [PMID: 25722290 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IQGAP scaffold proteins are evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes and facilitate the formation of complexes that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular signaling, and intercellular interactions. Fungal and mammalian IQGAPs are implicated in cytokinesis. IQGAP1, IQGAP2, and IQGAP3 have diverse roles in vertebrate physiology, operating in the kidney, nervous system, cardio-vascular system, pancreas, and lung. The functions of IQGAPs can be corrupted during oncogenesis and are usurped by microbial pathogens. Therefore, IQGAPs represent intriguing candidates for novel therapeutic agents. While modulation of the cytoskeletal architecture was initially thought to be the primary function of IQGAPs, it is now clear that they have roles beyond the cytoskeleton. This review describes contributions of IQGAPs to physiology at the organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hedman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica M Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David B Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Simon S, Wagner MA, Rothmeier E, Müller-Taubenberger A, Hilbi H. Icm/Dot-dependent inhibition of phagocyte migration by Legionella is antagonized by a translocated Ran GTPase activator. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:977-92. [PMID: 24397557 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila causes a severe pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. L. pneumophila employs a conserved mechanism to replicate within a specific vacuole in macrophages or protozoa such as the social soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Pathogen-host interactions depend on the Icm/Dot type IV secretion system (T4SS), which translocates approximately 300 different effector proteins into host cells. Here we analyse the effects of L. pneumophila on migration and chemotaxis of amoebae, macrophages or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Using under-agarose assays, L. pneumophila inhibited in a dose- and T4SS-dependent manner the migration of D. discoideum towards folate as well as starvation-induced aggregation of the social amoebae. Similarly, L. pneumophila impaired migration of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages towards the cytokines CCL5 and TNFα, or of primary human PMN towards the peptide fMLP respectively. L. pneumophila lacking the T4SS-translocated activator of the small eukaryotic GTPase Ran, Lpg1976/LegG1, hyper-inhibited the migration of D. discoideum, macrophages or PMN. The phenotype was reverted by plasmid-encoded LegG1 to an extent observed for mutant bacteria lacking a functional Icm/Dot T4SS.Similarly, LegG1 promoted random migration of L. pneumophila-infected macrophages and A549 epithelial cells in a Ran-dependent manner, or upon 'microbial microinjection' into HeLa cells by a Yersinia strain lacking endogenous effectors. Single-cell tracking and real-time analysis of L. pneumophila-infected phagocytes revealed that the velocity and directionality of the cells were decreased, and cell motility as well as microtubule dynamics was impaired. Taken together, these findings indicate that the L. pneumophila Ran activator LegG1 and consequent microtubule polymerization are implicated in Icm/Dot-dependent inhibition of phagocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Simon
- Department of Medicine, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
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Iranpour D, Abbasi F, Mirzayee K, Mohammadzadeh N, Raeisi A, Najafi A. Evaluation of Association between <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> and Atherosclerotic Plaques in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Abnormal Angiography. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.618288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang J, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang T, Wang B, Li X, Wei J, Zhang L. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection induces vascular smooth muscle cell migration via Rac1 activation. J Med Microbiol 2013; 63:155-161. [PMID: 24248991 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.065359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been shown to be associated with the development of atherosclerosis by promoting the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, how C. pneumoniae infection induces VSMC migration is not fully understood. A primary role of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is to generate a protrusive force at the leading edge that contributes to cell migration. Whether Rac1 activation plays a role in C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration is not well defined. In the present study, we therefore examined Rac1 activation in C. pneumoniae-infected rat primary VSMCs and the role of Rac1 activation in C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay results showed that Rac1 was activated in C. pneumoniae-infected rat primary VSMCs. A Rac1 inhibitor, NSC23766 (50 µM,) suppressed Rac1 activation stimulated by C. pneumoniae infection, and thereby inhibited C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration. In addition, C. pneumoniae infection-induced Rac1 activation in the VSMCs was blocked by LY294002 (25 µM), an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Taken together, these data suggest that C. pneumoniae infection promotes VSMC migration, possibly through activating Rac1 via PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Tengteng Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Xiankui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Junyan Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
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Chlamydia pneumoniae infection promotes vascular smooth muscle cell migration through a Toll-like receptor 2-related signaling pathway. Infect Immun 2013; 81:4583-91. [PMID: 24082081 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01087-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to the intima is proposed to be a key event in the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, we reported that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is involved in VSMC migration. However, the exact mechanisms for C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration are not yet well elucidated. In this study, we examined the role of the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation-related signaling pathway in VSMC migration induced by C. pneumoniae infection. An Affymetrix-based gene expression array was conducted to identify the changes of gene expression in rat primary VSMCs (rVSMCs) infected with C. pneumoniae. Both the microarray analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR revealed that TLR2 mRNA expression was strongly upregulated 12 h after C. pneumoniae infection. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis further showed that the expression levels of TLR2 mRNA and protein significantly increased at the different time points after infection. Immunocytochemical analysis suggested a TLR2 recruitment to the vicinity of C. pneumoniae inclusions. Cell migration assays showed that the TLR2-neutralizing antibody could significantly inhibit C. pneumoniae infection-induced rVSMC migration. In addition, C. pneumoniae infection stimulated Akt phosphorylation at Ser 473, which was obviously suppressed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, thereby inhibiting rVSMC migration caused by C. pneumoniae infection. Furthermore, both the infection-induced Akt phosphorylation and rVSMC migration were suppressed by the TLR2-neutralizing antibody. Taken together, these data suggest that C. pneumoniae infection can promote VSMC migration possibly through the TLR2-related signaling pathway.
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Di Pietro M, Filardo S, De Santis F, Sessa R. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in atherosclerotic lesion development through oxidative stress: a brief overview. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15105-20. [PMID: 23877837 PMCID: PMC3742290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140715105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae, an obligate intracellular pathogen, is known as a leading cause of respiratory tract infections and, in the last two decades, has been widely associated with atherosclerosis by seroepidemiological studies, and direct detection of the microorganism within atheroma. C. pneumoniae is presumed to play a role in atherosclerosis for its ability to disseminate via peripheral blood mononuclear cells, to replicate and persist within vascular cells, and for its pro-inflammatory and angiogenic effects. Once inside the vascular tissue, C. pneumoniae infection has been shown to induce the production of reactive oxygen species in all the cells involved in atherosclerotic process such as macrophages, platelets, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to summarize the data linking C. pneumoniae-induced oxidative stress to atherosclerotic lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Di Pietro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome 00185, Italy; E-Mails: (M.D.P.); (S.F.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Simone Filardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome 00185, Italy; E-Mails: (M.D.P.); (S.F.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Fiorenzo De Santis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome 00185, Italy; E-Mails: (M.D.P.); (S.F.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Rosa Sessa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome 00185, Italy; E-Mails: (M.D.P.); (S.F.); (F.D.S.)
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