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Hu N, Li W, Zhao Z, Chang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y. Preparation and immunogenicity evaluation of C-HapS-P6 fusion protein vaccine against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in mice. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151616. [PMID: 38461565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the dominant pathogen in several infectious diseases. Currently the use of antibiotics is the main intervention to prevent NTHi infections, however with the emergence of drug resistant strains, it has compromised the treatment of respiratory infections with antibiotics. Therefore there is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine to prevent NTHi infections. We investigate the potential of C-HapS-P6 fusion protein as a vaccine for treating NTHi in murine models. PGEX-6P2/C-HapS-P6 fusion gene was constructed using overlap extension polymerase chain reaction. The recombined plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli for protein expression. The mice were subjected to intraperitoneal immunization using purified antigens. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G in serum samples and IgA in nasal and lung lavage fluids were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine release and proliferation capacity of splenic lymphocytes in response to antigens were measured in vitro. The protective effect of the C-HapS-P6 protein against NTHi infection was evaluated by NTHi count and histological examination. The data showed that the C-HapS-P6 fusion protein increased significantly the levels of serum IgG and nasal and lung IgA, and promoted the release of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-ϒ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 and the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes compared with C-HapS or P6 protein treatment alone. Moreover, C-HapS-P6 effectively reduced the NTHi colonization in the nasopharynx and lungs of mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the C-HapS-P6 fusion protein vaccine can significantly enhance humoral and cell immune responses and effectively prevent against NTHi infection in the respiratory tract in murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Zihong Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Yueli Chang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Cai Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Yutuo Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
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Zahid A, Wilson JC, Grice ID, Peak IR. Otitis media: recent advances in otitis media vaccine development and model systems. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1345027. [PMID: 38328427 PMCID: PMC10847372 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Otitis media is an inflammatory disorder of the middle ear caused by airways-associated bacterial or viral infections. It is one of the most common childhood infections as globally more than 80% of children are diagnosed with acute otitis media by 3 years of age and it is a common reason for doctor's visits, antibiotics prescriptions, and surgery among children. Otitis media is a multifactorial disease with various genetic, immunologic, infectious, and environmental factors predisposing children to develop ear infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common culprits responsible for acute otitis media. Despite the massive global disease burden, the pathogenesis of otitis media is still unclear and requires extensive future research. Antibiotics are the preferred treatment to cure middle ear infections, however, the antimicrobial resistance rate of common middle ear pathogens has increased considerably over the years. At present, pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are administered as a preventive measure against otitis media, nevertheless, these vaccines are only beneficial in preventing carriage and/or disease caused by vaccine serotypes. Otitis media caused by non-vaccine serotype pneumococci, non-typeable H. influenza, and M. catarrhalis remain an important healthcare burden. The development of multi-species vaccines is an arduous process but is required to reduce the global burden of this disease. Many novel vaccines against S. pneumoniae, non-typeable H. influenza, and M. catarrhalis are in preclinical trials. It is anticipated that these vaccines will lower the disease burden and provide better protection against otitis media. To study disease pathology the rat, mouse, and chinchilla are commonly used to induce experimental acute otitis media to test new therapeutics, including antibiotics and vaccines. Each of these models has its advantages and disadvantages, yet there is still a need to develop an improved animal model providing a better correlated mechanistic understanding of human middle ear infections, thereby underpinning the development of more effective otitis media therapeutics. This review provides an updated summary of current vaccines against otitis media, various animal models of otitis media, their limitations, and some future insights in this field providing a springboard in the development of new animal models and novel vaccines for otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zahid
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Wilson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - I. Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian R. Peak
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Alderson MR, Murphy T, Pelton SI, Novotny LA, Hammitt LL, Kurabi A, Li JD, Thornton RB, Kirkham LAS. Panel 8: Vaccines and immunology. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 130 Suppl 1:109839. [PMID: 31948716 PMCID: PMC7153269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and highlight significant advances made towards vaccine development and understanding of the immunology of otitis media (OM) since the 19th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media (ISOM) in 2015, as well as identify future research directions and knowledge gaps. DATA SOURCES PubMed database, National Library of Medicine. REVIEW METHODS Key topics were assigned to each panel member for detailed review. Draft reviews were collated, circulated, and thoroughly discussed when the panel met at the 20th ISOM in June 2019. The final manuscript was prepared with input from all panel members. CONCLUSIONS Since 2015 there have been a number of studies assessing the impact of licensed pneumococcal vaccines on OM. While these studies have confirmed that these vaccines are effective in preventing carriage and/or disease caused by vaccine serotypes, OM caused by non-vaccine serotype pneumococci and other otopathogens remains a significant health care burden globally. Development of multi-species vaccines is challenging but essential to reducing the global burden of OM. Influenza vaccination has been shown to prevent acute OM, and with novel vaccines against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Moraxella catarrhalis and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in clinical trials, the potential to significantly prevent OM is within reach. Research into alternative vaccine delivery strategies has demonstrated the power of maternal and mucosal vaccination for OM prevention. Future OM vaccine trials must include molecular diagnostics of middle ear effusion, for detection of viruses and bacteria that are persisting in biofilms and to enable accurate assessment of vaccine impact on OM etiology. Understanding population differences in natural and vaccine-induced immune responses to otopathogens is also important for development of the most effective OM vaccines. Improved understanding of the interaction between otopathogens will also advance development of effective therapies and encourage the assessment of the indirect benefits of vaccination. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE While NTHi and M. catarrhalis are the predominant otopathogens, funding opportunities to drive vaccine development for these species are limited due to a focus on prevention of childhood mortality rather than morbidity. Delivery of a comprehensive report on the high financial and social costs of OM, including the potential for OM vaccines to reduce antibiotic use and subsequent development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), would likely assist in engaging stakeholders to recognize the value of prevention of OM and increase support for efforts on OM vaccine development. Vaccine trials with OM prevention as a clinical end-point are challenging, however a focus on developing assays that measure functional correlates of protection would facilitate OM vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Murphy
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephen I Pelton
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura A Novotny
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura L Hammitt
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arwa Kurabi
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | - Ruth B Thornton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Australia and Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Research, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Lea-Ann S Kirkham
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Research, Telethon Kids Institute, Australia and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Behrouzi A, Bouzari S, Vaziri F, Fateh A, Afrough P, Vijeh Motlagh AD, Siadat SD. Recombinant truncated E protein as a new vaccine candidate against nontypeable H. influenzae: Its expression and immunogenic evaluation. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:431-438. [PMID: 28735080 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein E (PE) is a conserved entity observed in both nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and encapsulated H. influenzae. This is a small surface lipoprotein, consisting of only 160 amino acids, involved in the adhesion of H. influenzae to various types of epithelial cells. A 384-bp-long fragment from NTHi PE was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pBAD-gIIIA. The recombinant protein was expressed with arabinose and then purified by affinity purification on an Ni-NTA agarose matrix. BALB/c mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection with purified recombinant truncated PE mixed with an alum adjuvant. Serum antibody response and the functional activity of antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum bactericidal assay (SBA), respectively. Colony PCR, double digestion, and sequencing were used to verify successful cloning of truncated PE. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot analyses indicated the presence of a ∼15-kDa recombinant protein. Serum IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels were significantly higher in the group immunized by recombinant truncated PE mixed with an alum adjuvant, compared to the non-vaccinated control group. Development of a strong bactericidal effect against NTHi was observed in the serum samples from immunized animals. Our findings suggest that recombinant truncated PE is a potential vaccine candidate for NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Behrouzi
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehrani, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Afrough
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Haghighat S, Siadat SD, Rezayat Sorkhabadi SM, Akhavan Sepahi A, Sadat SM, Yazdi MH, Mahdavi M. Recombinant PBP2a as a vaccine candidate against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : Immunogenicity and protectivity. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Behrouzi A, Vaziri F, Rahimi-Jamnani F, Afrough P, Rahbar M, Satarian F, Siadat SD. Vaccine Candidates against Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: a Review. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2017; 21:69-76. [PMID: 28088130 PMCID: PMC5274713 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonencapsulated, nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi) remains an important cause of acute otitis and respiratory diseases in children and adults. NTHi bacteria are one of the major causes of respiratory tract infections, including acute otitis media, cystic fibrosis, and community-acquired pneumonia among children, especially in developing countries. The bacteria can also cause chronic diseases such as chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the lower respiratory tract of adults. Such bacteria express several outer membrane proteins, some of which have been studied as candidates for vaccine development. Due to the lack of effective vaccines as well as the spread and prevalence of NTHi worldwide, there is an urgent need to design and develop effective vaccine candidates against these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Behrouzi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi-Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Afrough
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahbar
- Department of Microbiology, Reference Health Laboratories Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Satarian
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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