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Kim JS, Lim MC, Kim SM, Lee JY. Extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes as a biofilm control strategy for food-related microorganisms. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1745-1761. [PMID: 37780595 PMCID: PMC10533455 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is one of the major problems in food industries and is difficult to be removed or prevented by conventional sanitizers. In this review, we discussed the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes as a strategy to control biofilms of foodborne pathogenic and food-contaminating bacteria. The biofilms can be degraded by using the enzymes targeting proteins, polysaccharides, extracellular DNA, or lipids which mainly constitute the extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms. However, the efficacy of enzymes varies by the growth medium, bacterial species, strains, or counterpart microorganisms due to a high variation in the composition of extracellular polymeric substances. Several studies demonstrated that the combined treatment using conventional sanitizers or multiple enzymes can synergistically enhance the biofilm removal efficacies. In this review, the application of the immobilized enzymes on solid substrates is also discussed as a potential strategy to prevent biofilm formation on food contact surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Sung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Min Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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2
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Jananishree S, Balakumar S, Mahesh N. Investigation on anti-quorum sensing activities of chitosan AgNP's-chitosanase against MDR pathogens. Microb Pathog 2023:106173. [PMID: 37295482 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine bio-nanotechnology is a new promising field having high perspective in the area of biological research. In 2018 the production of crustacean shells especially from shrimp is about 54,500 tons on South East coast of India. The current study focuses on the use of extracted chitosan (Squilla shells) polymer in silver nanoparticle synthesis along with immobilized chitosanase synergistically improves the antimicrobial and quorum quenching effects against the multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. The main objective of the study is to synthesize the chitosan AgNPs and to immobilize the enzyme chitosanase with it and to study the anti quorum sensing (quorum quenching) activity against MDR pathogens. This study will render a new ideology to eliminate biofilm formation and suppress the pathogenicity of planktonic MDR pathogens. Since the combinations of chitosanase, as well as chitosan AgNPs, are very efficient in eliminating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jananishree
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Kumbakonam, 612001, Tamilnadu, India; Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S Balakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Kumbakonam, 612001, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - N Mahesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Kumbakonam, 612001, Tamilnadu, India.
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3
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Yang L, Yan C, Peng S, Chen L, Guo J, Lu Y, Li L, Ji Z. Broad-spectrum resistance mechanism of serine protease Sp1 in Bacillus licheniformis W10 via dual comparative transcriptome analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:974473. [PMID: 36267189 PMCID: PMC9577198 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.974473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonistic microorganisms are considered to be the most promising biological controls for plant disease. However, they are still not as popular as chemical pesticides due to complex environmental factors in the field. It is urgent to exploit their potential genetic characteristics and excellent properties to develop biopesticides with antimicrobial substances as the main components. Here, the serine protease Sp1 isolated from the Bacillus licheniformis W10 strain was confirmed to have a broad antifungal and antibacterial spectrum. Sp1 treatment significantly inhibited fungal vegetative growth and damaged the structure of hyphae, in accordance with that caused by W10 strain. Furthermore, Sp1 could activate the systemic resistance of peach twigs, fruits and tobacco. Dual comparative transcriptome analysis uncovered how Sp1 resisted the plant pathogenic fungus Phomopsis amygdali and the potential molecular resistance mechanisms of tobacco. In PSp1 vs. P. amygdali, RNA-seq identified 150 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were upregulated and 209 DEGs that were downregulated. Further analysis found that Sp1 might act on the energy supply and cell wall structure to inhibit the development of P. amygdali. In TSp1 vs. Xanthi tobacco, RNA-seq identified that 5937 DEGs were upregulated and 2929 DEGs were downregulated. DEGs were enriched in the metabolic biosynthesis pathways of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interactions, and MAPK signaling pathway–plant and further found that the genes of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways were highly expressed and the contents of SA and JA increased significantly, suggesting that systemic resistance induced by Sp1 shares features of SAR and ISR. In addition, Sp1 might induce the plant defense responses of tobacco. This study provides insights into the broad-spectrum resistance molecular mechanism of Sp1, which could be used as a potential biocontrol product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chun Yan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lili Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yihe Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhaolin Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaolin Ji,
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Díaz PR, Torres MJ, Petroselli G, Erra-Balsells R, Audisio MC. Antibacterial activity of Bacillus licheniformis B6 against viability and biofilm formation of foodborne pathogens of health importance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:181. [PMID: 35951268 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied a strain of Bacillus isolated from an artisanal tannery in Salta, Argentina. It was identified as Bacillus licheniformis B6 by 16 S phylogenetic analysis and MALDI TOF (GenBank accession code No. KP776730). The synthesis of lipopeptides by B6 and their antibacterial activity against clinical pathogenic strains was analyzed both in the cell-free supernatant (CFS) and in the crude fraction of lipopeptides (LF). Overall, the CFS did not significantly reduce the viability of the studied strains (Staphylococcus aureus 269 and ATCC 43,300, Escherichia coli 4591 and 25,922, Klebsiella sp. 1087 and 1101). However, LF at 9 mg/mL reduced the viability of those pathogenic strains by 2 and 3 log orders compared to those of the control. When the effects of LF and ampicillin were compared, they showed different sensitivity against pathogenic strains. For example, E. coli 4591 was the strain most resistant to ampicillin, requiring 250 mg/mL of antibiotic to achieve the same inhibitory effect as 9 mg/mL of B6 LF. SEM observations of the effect of LF on biofilm formation by E. coli 4591 and Klebsiella sp. 1087 clearly showed that biofilm structures were destabilized, these strains turning into weak biofilm formers. Signals in the CFS and LF corresponding to kurstakin and iturin were identified by MALDI TOF. Interestingly, surfactin was detected, rather than lichenysin, the expected lipopeptide in B. licheniformis species. Signals of bacitracin and fengycins were also found, the latter with a higher number of homologues and relative intensity in the LF than the other lipopeptides. These results show that the lipopeptides synthesized by B. licheniformis B6 have both potential antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against pathogenic bacteria of health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo R Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Torres
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón, II, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia, 5150. 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Petroselli
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón, II, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón, II, Argentina
| | - Marcela Carina Audisio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón, II, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia, 5150. 4400, Salta, Argentina.
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Xu Y, Li L, Cao S, Zhu B, Yao Z. An updated comprehensive review of advances on structural features, catalytic mechanisms, modification methods and applications of chitosanases. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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6
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A Novel Chitosanase from Penicillium oxalicum M2 for Chitooligosaccharide Production: Purification, Identification and Characterization. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:947-957. [PMID: 35262875 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study discovered a novel chitosanase from Penicillium oxalicum M2 based on a new screening strategy. An extracellular chitosanase was isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of Penicillium oxalicum M2. A 19.34-fold purification was achieved on a cation exchange column. Using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, chitosanase was determined at approximately 42 kDa without any subunits. The sequence of peptide in the protein was identified as SALNKNYITNFSTLR by MALTI-TOF/TOF MS. The maximum catalytic activity of the purified enzyme was 60.45 U/mg at the optimum pH and temperature of 5.5 and 60 °C. The enzyme activity held stability in the range of 35-50 °C and pH 3-4.5. Ca2+, Mn2+, non-ionic surfactants (Tween 20/40/60/80 and Trition X-100) and some common reducing agents (DTT and β-ME) could significantly activate chitosanase. The purified enzyme showed rigorous specificity to chitosan as a substrate. The hydrolysate in the final stage of hydrolysis consisted of chitooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization ranging from 2 to 5 and without glucosamine or acetylglucosamine. The monomeric enzyme obtained by one-step purification reveal applications potential in sugar industry, and expanded our understanding of the GH75 family chitosanases simultaneously.
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Zhang H, Chen J, Liu Y, Xu Q, Inam M, He C, Jiang X, Jia Y, Ma H, Kong L. Discovery of a novel antibacterial protein CB6-C to target methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:4. [PMID: 34983528 PMCID: PMC8725309 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given a serious threat of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens to global healthcare, there is an urgent need to find effective antibacterial compounds to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. In our previous studies, Bacillus velezensis CB6 with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity was obtained from the soil of Changbaishan, China. In this study, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as an indicator bacterium, an antibacterial protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 column, QAE-Sephadex A 25 column and RP-HPLC, which demonstrated a molecular weight of 31.405 kDa by SDS-PAGE. LC–MS/MS analysis indicated that the compound was an antibacterial protein CB6-C, which had 88.5% identity with chitosanase (Csn) produced by Bacillus subtilis 168. An antibacterial protein CB6-C showed an effective antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria (in particular, the MIC for MRSA was 16 μg/mL), low toxicity, thermostability, stability in different organic reagents and pH values, and an additive effect with conventionally used antibiotics. Mechanistic studies showed that an antibacterial protein CB6-C exerted anti-MRSA activity through destruction of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on the cell wall. In addition, an antibacterial protein CB6-C was efficient in preventing MRSA infections in in vivo models. In conclusion, this protein CB6-C is a newly discovered antibacterial protein and has the potential to become an effective antibacterial agent due to its high therapeutic index, safety, nontoxicity and great stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.,The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jingrui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.,The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Muhammad Inam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chengguang He
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.,Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang District, Changchun, 130600, China
| | - Yu Jia
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China. .,The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China. .,The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Lingcong Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China. .,The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.
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8
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Nsayef Muslim S, Mohammed Ali AN, Auda IG. Anti-biofilm and anti-virulence effects of silica oxide nanoparticle-conjugation of lectin purified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:318-328. [PMID: 34694672 PMCID: PMC8675845 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin is purified and nanoparticle-conjugated in an attempt to inhibit biofilm formation. Thirteen (23.6%) P. aeruginosa isolates are obtained from chicken meat samples, of which 30.8% are biofilm producers and 69.2% are lectin producers. Lectin is purified 36.8-fold to final specific activity of 506.9 U/mg. Four nanoparticle types are prepared via laser ablation: platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silica oxide (SiO2 ), and tin oxide (SnO2 ). The four types are characterised, and pulse feeding is used to conjugate the lectin and nanoparticles. Pt, Au, SiO2, and SnO2 nanoparticles inhibit biofilm formation, especially SiO2 nanoparticles, which have higher effectiveness when conjugated with purified lectin. SiO2 -conjugated lectin significantly (p < 0.05) inhibits biofilm formation more effectively than control and other nanoparticle-conjugated lectins. Au-, Pt nanoparticle-, and SnO2 -conjugated lectins inhibit biofilm significantly compared with control (p < 0.05), and rhlR gene expression is decreased in the presence of SiO2 -conjugated lectin. Furthermore, lectin and Pt, Au, SiO2 and SnO2 nanoparticles separately, and their conjugated lectins, are effective biofilm inhibitors. Of these, SiO2 -conjugated lectin was most significant as an anti-biofilm. Moreover, virulence factors regulon and RhlR were reduced by SiO2 -conjugated lectin, indicating that this conjugation may also decrease the virulence of P. aeruginosa.
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Khan F, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM. Diversity of Bacteria and Bacterial Products as Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Drugs Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1156-1179. [PMID: 31020938 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190423161249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to inhibit biofilm formation as well as interfere quorum sensing (QS) signaling systems. The QS system is a phenomenon in which pathogenic bacteria produce signaling molecules that are involved in cell to cell communication, production of virulence factors, biofilm maturation, and several other functions. In the natural environment, several non-pathogenic bacteria are present as mixed population along with pathogenic bacteria and they control the behavior of microbial community by producing secondary metabolites. Similarly, non-pathogenic bacteria also take advantages of the QS signaling molecule as a sole carbon source for their growth through catabolism with enzymes. Several enzymes are produced by bacteria which disrupt the biofilm architecture by degrading the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as exopolysaccharide, extracellular- DNA and protein. Thus, the interference of QS system by bacterial metabolic products and enzymatic catalysis, modification of the QS signaling molecules as well as enzymatic disruption of biofilm architecture have been considered as the alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article elaborates on the diversity of different bacterial species with respect to their metabolic products as well as enzymes and their molecular modes of action. The bacterial enzymes and metabolic products will open new and promising perspectives for the development of strategies against the pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | | | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
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10
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Danilova I, Sharipova M. The Practical Potential of Bacilli and Their Enzymes for Industrial Production. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1782. [PMID: 32849401 PMCID: PMC7417770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp. are an affordable source of enzymes due to their wide distribution, safety in work, ease of cultivation, and susceptibility to genetic transformations. Researchers are particularly interested in proteolytic enzymes, which constitute one of the most diverse groups of microbial proteins in terms of properties. Despite the long history of their research, this group of enzymes continue to show great potential for practical application in the biomedical industry, as well as in the agricultural industry. Thus, the unique properties of bacillary proteinases, such as stability in a wide range of temperatures and pH, high specificity, biodegradability of a wide range of substrates, and the high potential of sequenced Bacillus genomes are a powerful foundation for the development of new biotechnologies. The current review aims to discuss recent studies on various enzymes in particular, proteinases produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus, along with their prospective practical applications. This article also presents an interpretive summary of the recent developments on the usage of probiotic Bacillus strains as potential feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Danilova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Margarita Sharipova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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11
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Luo S, Qin Z, Chen Q, Fan L, Jiang L, Zhao L. High level production of a Bacillus amlyoliquefaciens chitosanase in Pichia pastoris suitable for chitooligosaccharides preparation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1034-1041. [PMID: 32027900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are hydrolytic products of chitosan that are essential in functional food, medicine, and other fields due to their biological activities. Commercial COS are often prepared by the hydrolysis of chitosan by chitosanase. In this study, a glycoside hydrolase family 46 cluster B chitosanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BaCsn46B) was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme was secreted into the culture medium that reached a total extracellular protein concentration of 4.5 g/L with an activity of 8907.2 U/mL in a high cell density fermenter (5 L). The molecular mass of deglycosylated BaCsn46B was 29.0 kDa. Purified BaCsn46B exhibited excellent enzymatic properties, which had high specific activity (2380.5 U/mg) under optimal reaction conditions (55 °C and pH 6.5). BaCsn46B hydrolyzed chitosan yielded a series of COS with different degrees of polymerization by endo-type cleavage. The end hydrolytic products of BaCsn46B were chitobiose and chitotriose, while no monosaccharide yield was evident in the hydrolytic reaction. The excellent secreted expression level and hydrolytic performance make the enzyme a desirable biocatalyst for the industrial preparation of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Luo
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qiming Chen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
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12
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Affes S, Maalej H, Aranaz I, Acosta N, Heras Á, Nasri M. Enzymatic production of low-Mw chitosan-derivatives: Characterization and biological activities evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:279-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Ismail SA. Microbial valorization of shrimp byproducts via the production of thermostable chitosanase and antioxidant chitooligosaccharides. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Nair GR, Raja SS. Climate and Soil Properties Influence Species Diversity of Soil Bacillus Community in India. Microbiol Insights 2018; 11:1178636118810366. [PMID: 30505149 PMCID: PMC6259070 DOI: 10.1177/1178636118810366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus is an important genus as it is a source for antibiotics, enzymes, and probiotics. Therefore, several studies are targeted on this genus in order to understand its diversity abundance in different soil environments. In present study, we investigated the diversity of Bacillus at species level using culturable approach in soils collected at different climatic zones of India and identified 20 prominent members of genus Bacillus species that are able to grow in different media types under same culture conditions. Results also showed that the species diversity of Bacillus changes according to the soil microenvironment under the influence of different climatic conditions. As a pilot study using culturable approach, we made an attempt to investigate the shift in Bacillus species diversity present in the Indian soils experiencing a climatic gradient over a large geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish R Nair
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University Constituent College, Perambalur, India
| | - Suresh Ss Raja
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University Constituent College, Perambalur, India
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15
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Liaqat F, Sözer Bahadır P, Elibol M, Eltem R. Optimization of chitosanase production by Bacillus mojavensis EGE-B-5.2i. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:836-847. [PMID: 30022499 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maximum production of industrially important enzymes such as chitosanases through media optimization still holds foremost interest. The present study was conducted to improve chitosanase activity of an indigenous strain identified as Bacillus mojavensis. Initially, carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized by one-variable-at-a-time approach. Further, fermentation medium was optimized using Plackett-Burman (PB) and central composite designs (CCD). PB verified soluble starch (SS), colloidal chitosan (CC) peptone, and NaCl as most significant variables affecting chitosanase production. CCD results predicted the optimum concentrations of SS, CC, peptone, and NaCl as 7.8, 7.0, 6.5, and 2.7 g L-1 , respectively to achieve maximum chitosanase activity (21.1 U ml-1 ). Discovery of the novel optimal medium has improved chitosanase production by B. mojavensis up-to 9.5 folds. Lastly, 18.6 U ml-1 chitosanase activity was achieved in stirred tank bioreactor using optimal medium, which is quite satisfactory to proclaim this strain as a potential candidate to provide commercial chitosanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhra Liaqat
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Sözer Bahadır
- Ege University Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center (EGE MATAL), Izmir, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Elibol
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rengin Eltem
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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16
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Wang W, Bai R, Cai X, Lin P, Ma L. Separation and determination of peptide metabolite of Bacillus licheniformis
in a microbial fuel cell by high-speed capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4446-4452. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; School of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring; College of Life Sciences; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Ruiguang Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; School of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; School of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Ping Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; School of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology; School of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou P. R. China
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