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Xu Q, Chen H, Sun W, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Rai KR, Chen JL, Chen Y. sRNA23, a novel small RNA, regulates to the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Virulence 2021; 12:3045-3061. [PMID: 34882070 PMCID: PMC8667912 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2008177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATION sRNA: small noncoding RNA; FBA: fructose diphosphate aldolase; rplB: 50S ribosomal protein L2; RACE: rapid amplification of cDNA ends; EMSA: electrophoretic mobility shift assay; THB: Todd-Hewitt broth; FBS: fetal bovine serum; BIP: 2,2'-Bipyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanming Xu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Zhang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dewen Zhu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kul Raj Rai
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Fujian- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Roodsant TJ, Van Der Putten BCL, Tamminga SM, Schultsz C, Van Der Ark KCH. Identification of Streptococcus suis putative zoonotic virulence factors: A systematic review and genomic meta-analysis. Virulence 2021; 12:2787-2797. [PMID: 34666617 PMCID: PMC8632099 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1985760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Over 100 putative virulence factors have been described, but it is unclear to what extent these virulence factors could contribute to zoonotic potential of S. suis. We identified all S. suis virulence factors studied in experimental models of human origin in a systematic review and assessed their contribution to zoonotic potential in a subsequent genomic meta-analysis. PubMed and Scopus were searched for English-language articles that studied S. suis virulence published until 31 March 2021. Articles that analyzed a virulence factor by knockout mutation, purified protein, and/or recombinant protein in a model of human origin, were included. Data on virulence factor, strain characteristics, used human models and experimental outcomes were extracted. All publicly available S. suis genomes with available metadata on host, disease status and country of origin, were included in a genomic meta-analysis. We calculated the ratio of the prevalence of each virulence factor in human and pig isolates. We included 130 articles and 1703 S. suis genomes in the analysis. We identified 53 putative virulence factors that were encoded by genes which are part of the S. suis core genome and 26 factors that were at least twice as prevalent in human isolates as in pig isolates. Hhly3 and NisK/R were particularly enriched in human isolates, after stratification by genetic lineage and country of isolation. This systematic review and genomic meta-analysis have identified virulence factors that are likely to contribute to the zoonotic potential of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Roodsant
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boas C L Van Der Putten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sara M Tamminga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees C H Van Der Ark
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam, Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Recent Research Advances in Small Regulatory RNAs in Streptococcus. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2231-2241. [PMID: 33963446 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNAs 20-500 nucleotides in length, which have recently been discovered in prokaryotic organisms. sRNAs are key regulators in many biological processes, such as sensing various environmental changes and regulating intracellular gene expression through binding target mRNAs or proteins. Bacterial sRNAs have recently been rapidly mined, thus providing new insights into the regulatory network of biological functions in prokaryotes. Although most bacterial sRNAs have been discovered and studied in Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria, sRNAs have increasingly been predicted and verified in Gram-positive bacteria in the past decade. The genus Streptococcus includes many commensal and pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. However, current understanding of sRNA-mediated regulation in Streptococcus is limited. Most known sRNAs in Streptococcus are associated with the regulation of virulence. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding of the functions and mechanisms of sRNAs in Streptococcus, and we discuss the RNA chaperone protein and synthetic sRNA-mediated gene regulation, with the aim of providing a reference for the study of microbial sRNAs.
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Li J, Wang Y, Du Y, Zhang H, Fan Q, Sun L, Yi L, Wang S, Wang Y. mRNA-Seq reveals the quorum sensing system luxS gene contributes to the environmental fitness of Streptococcus suis type 2. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:111. [PMID: 33849451 PMCID: PMC8045309 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen. We have previously reported the structure of LuxS protein and found that the luxS gene is closely related to biofilm, virulence gene expression and drug resistance of SS2. However, the mechanism of luxS mediated SS2 stress response is unclear. Therefore, this experiment performed stress response to luxS mutant (ΔluxS) and complement strain (CΔluxS), overexpression strain (luxS+) and wild-type SS2 strain HA9801, and analyzed the differential phenotypes in combination with transcriptome data. Results The results indicate that the luxS gene deletion causes a wide range of phenotypic changes, including chain length. RNA sequencing identified 278 lx-regulated genes, of which 179 were up-regulated and 99 were down-regulated. Differential genes focus on bacterial growth, stress response, metabolic mechanisms and drug tolerance. Multiple mitotic genes were down-regulated; while the ABC transporter system genes, cobalamin /Fe3+-iron carrier ABC transporter ATPase and oxidative stress regulators were up-regulated. The inactivation of the luxS gene caused a significant reduction in the growth and survival in the acid (pH = 3.0, 4.0, 5.0) and iron (100 mM iron chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl) stress environments. However, the mutant strain ΔluxS showed increased antioxidant activity to H2O2 (58.8 mmol/L). Conclusions The luxS gene in SS2 appears to play roles in iron metabolism and protective responses to acidic and oxidative environmental conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02170-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanbin Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingying Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Liyun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Li Yi
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China.
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Diallo I, Provost P. RNA-Sequencing Analyses of Small Bacterial RNAs and their Emergence as Virulence Factors in Host-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1627. [PMID: 32120885 PMCID: PMC7084465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins have long been considered to be the most prominent factors regulating so-called invasive genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. The possible role of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs), either intracellular, secreted or packaged in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), remained unclear until recently. The advent of high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques has accelerated sRNA discovery. RNA-seq radically changed the paradigm on bacterial virulence and pathogenicity to the point that sRNAs are emerging as an important, distinct class of virulence factors in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The potential of OMVs, as protectors and carriers of these functional, gene regulatory sRNAs between cells, has also provided an additional layer of complexity to the dynamic host-pathogen relationship. Using a non-exhaustive approach and through examples, this review aims to discuss the involvement of sRNAs, either free or loaded in OMVs, in the mechanisms of virulence and pathogenicity during bacterial infection. We provide a brief overview of sRNA origin and importance, and describe the classical and more recent methods of identification that have enabled their discovery, with an emphasis on the theoretical lower limit of RNA sizes considered for RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Provost
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL, Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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