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Zhang M, Cheng Y, Li H, Li M, Yang Q, Hua K, Wen X, Han Y, Liu G, Chu C. Metallic nano-warriors: Innovations in nanoparticle-based ocular antimicrobials. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101242. [PMID: 39315395 PMCID: PMC11419815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eye infection is one of the most important causes of blindness. Due to the particularity of ocular structure, the enhancement of bacteria resistance, and the significant side effects of long-term medication, it is difficult to treat ocular antimicrobial diseases. The efficacy of medications currently employed is progressively becoming more restricted. The research and development of novel antimicrobial drugs is imperative and imminent in order to overcome the bottleneck problem. Metal nanoparticles have been developed rapidly in the field of biomedicine because of their brilliant antibacterial activity, long-lasting effect, and great bioavailability. Efficacy and biosafety proven in in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the promising prospect of metal nanoparticles for ocular antimicrobial therapy. Based on the development status of antibacterial metal nanoparticles in ophthalmology, we summarized the antibacterial mechanism of metal nanoparticles and the application of nano-antibacterial drugs in this field, emphasizing their advantages over conventional drugs, thus guiding clinical ophthalmic antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyou Zhang
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhang Cheng
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mengdie Li
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qixiang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kaifang Hua
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofei Wen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Yun Han
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
- Shen Zhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
- Shen Zhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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2
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Mazzantini D, Massimino M, Calvigioni M, Rossi V, Celandroni F, Lupetti A, Batoni G, Ghelardi E. Anti-Staphylococcal Biofilm Effects of a Liposome-Based Formulation Containing Citrus Polyphenols. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:318. [PMID: 38666994 PMCID: PMC11047357 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-associated microbial communities embedded in a matrix that is almost impenetrable to antibiotics, thus constituting a critical health threat. Biofilm formation on the cornea or ocular devices can lead to serious and difficult-to-treat infections. Nowadays, natural molecules with antimicrobial activity and liposome-based delivery systems are proposed as anti-biofilm candidates. In this study, the anti-biofilm activity of a formulation containing citrus polyphenols encapsulated in liposomes was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most common agents in ocular infections. The formulation activity against planktonic staphylococci was tested by broth microdilution and sub-inhibitory concentrations were used to evaluate the effect on biofilm formation using the crystal violet (CV) assay. The eradicating effect of the preparation on mature biofilms was investigated by the CV assay, plate count, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The product was bactericidal against staphylococci at a dilution of 1:2 or 1:4 and able to reduce biofilm formation even if diluted at 1:64. The formulation also had the ability to reduce the biomass of mature biofilms without affecting the number of cells, suggesting activity on the extracellular matrix. Overall, our results support the application of the used liposome-encapsulated polyphenols as an anti-biofilm strategy to counter biofilm-associated ocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy; (D.M.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.R.); (F.C.); (A.L.); (G.B.)
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3
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Sanchez Armengol E, Grassiri B, Piras AM, Zambito Y, Fabiano A, Laffleur F. Ocular antibacterial chitosan-maleic acid hydrogels: In vitro and in vivo studies for a promising approach with enhanced mucoadhesion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127939. [PMID: 37951441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to design and evaluate a chitosan-based conjugate providing high mucoadhesiveness and antibacterial activity for ocular infections treatment. Chitosan was conjugated with maleic acid via amide bond formation and infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) allowed characterization and quantification of conjugated groups, respectively. Biocompatibility was tested via hemolysis assay and Hen's Egg-Chorioallantoic membrane test. Characterization of the pH and osmolarity of hydrogels was followed by mucoadhesion assessment utilizing rheology. In addition, antibacterial studies were carried out towards Escherichia coli by broth microdilution test and agar-disk diffusion assay. In vivo studies were carried out following the already established Draize test and determining pharmacokinetic profile of dexamethasone in aqueous humour. The conjugate exhibited a degree of modification of 50.05 % and no toxicity or irritability. Moreover, mucoadhesive properties were enhanced in 2.68-fold and 1.81-fold for elastic and viscous modulus, respectively. Furthermore, rheological synergism revealed the presence of a gel-like structure. Additionally, broth microdilution and agar disk diffusion studies exhibited enhancement in antibacterial activity. Finally, in vivo studies manifested that hydrogels were highly tolerated, evidencing promising characteristics of the developed conjugate. The conjugate presented promising antimicrobial, long lasting mucoadhesive features and highly improved pharmacokinetics, leading to a revolutionizing approach in the treatment of ocular bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brunella Grassiri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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4
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Wang X, Ding G, Yang P, Cheng G, Kong W, Xu Z. Teleost Eye Is the Portal of IHNV Entry and Contributes to a Robust Mucosal Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:160. [PMID: 38203332 PMCID: PMC10778588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ocular mucosa (OM) is an important and unique part of the vertebrate mucosal immune system. The OM plays an important role in maintaining visual function and defending against foreign antigens or microorganisms, while maintaining a balance between the two through complex regulatory mechanisms. However, the function of ocular mucosal defense against foreign pathogens and mucosal immune response in bony fish are still less studied. To acquire deeper understanding into the mucosal immunity of the OM in teleost fish, we established a study of the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Our findings revealed that IHNV could successfully infiltrate the trout's OM, indicating that the OM could be an important portal for the IHNV. Furthermore, qPCR and RNA-Seq analysis results showed that a large number of immune-related genes were significantly upregulated in the OM of trout with IHNV infection. Critically, the results of our RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that viral infection triggered a robust immune response, as evidenced by the substantial induction of antiviral, innate, and adaptive immune-related genes in the OM of infected fish, which underscored the essential role of the OM in viral infection. Overall, our findings revealed a previously unknown function of teleost OM in antiviral defense, and provided a theoretical basis for the study of the mucosal immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Guangyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Gaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
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5
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Kong W, Yang P, Ding G, Cheng G, Xu Z. Elucidating the dynamic immune responses within the ocular mucosa of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) after infection with Flavobacterium columnare. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1288223. [PMID: 38077363 PMCID: PMC10702956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye of vertebrates is constantly faced with numerous challenges from aquatic or airborne pathogens. As a crucial first line of defense, the ocular mucosa (OM) protects the visual organ from external threats in vertebrates such as birds and mammals. However, the understanding of ocular mucosal immunity in early vertebrates, such as teleost fish, remains limited, particularly concerning their resistance to bacterial infections. To gain insights into the pivotal role of the OM in antibacterial immunity among teleost fish, we developed a bacterial infection model using Flavobacterium columnare in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Here the qPCR and immunofluorescence results showed that F. columnare could invade trout OM, suggesting that the OM could be a primary target and barrier for the bacteria. Moreover, immune-related genes (il-6, il-8, il-11, cxcl10, nod1, il1-b, igm, igt, etc.) were upregulated in the OM of trout following F. columnare infection, as confirmed by qPCR, which was further proved through RNA-seq. The results of transcriptome analyses showed that bacterial infection critically triggers a robust immune response, including innate, and adaptive immune-related signaling pathways such as Toll-like, NOD-like, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway and immune network for IgA production, which underscores the immune role of the OM in bacterial infection. Interestingly, a substantial reduction in the expression of genes associated with visual function was observed after infection, indicating that bacterial infection could impact ocular function. Overall, our findings have unveiled a robust mucosal immune response to bacterial infection in the teleost OM for the first time, providing valuable insights for future research into the mechanisms and functions of ocular mucosal immunity in early vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaofeng Cheng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Barrera B, Bustamante A, Marín-Cornuy M, Aguila-Torres P. Contact lenses and ocular dysbiosis, from the transitory to the pathological. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2023; 98:586-594. [PMID: 37648207 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Normal ocular microbiota is composed of different Gram-negative and positive bacterial communities that act as commensals on the ocular surface. An imbalance in the homeostasis of the native species or dysbiosis triggers functional alterations that can eventually lead to ocular conditions, indicating the use of contact lenses as the most relevant predisposing factor. Through a bibliographic review that added scientific articles published between 2018 and 2022, the relationship between healthy ocular microbiota and dysbiosis associated with the use of contact lenses that trigger ocular conditions was analyzed. The ocular microbiota in healthy individuals is mainly composed of bacteria from the phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. These bacterial communities associated with the use of contact lenses develop dysbiosis, observing an increase in certain genera such as Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp., which under normal conditions are commensals of the ocular surface, but as their abundance is increased, they condition the appearance of various ocular conditions such as corneal infiltrative events, bacterial keratitis and corneal ulcer. These pathologies tend to evolve rapidly, which, added to late detection and treatment, can lead to a poor visual prognosis. It is suggested that professionals in the ophthalmology area learn about the composition of the communities of microorganisms that make up this ocular microbiota, in order to correctly distinguish and identify the causative agent, thereby providing a adequate and effective treatment to the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barrera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - A Bustamante
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Marín-Cornuy
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Aguila-Torres
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile.
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7
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Javed S, Abbas G, Shah S, Rasul A, Irfan M, Saleem A, Hosny KM, Bukhary SM, Safhi AY, Sabei FY, Majrashi MA, Alkhalidi HM, Alissa M, Khan SM, Hanif M. Tobramycin-loaded nanoparticles of thiolated chitosan for ocular drug delivery: Preparation, mucoadhesion and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19877. [PMID: 37809498 PMCID: PMC10559273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to develop nanoparticles of tobramycin (TRM) using thiolated chitosan (TCS) in order to improve the mucoadhesion, antibacterial effect and pharmacokinetics. The nanoparticles were evaluated for their compatibility, thermal stability, particle size, zeta potential, mucoadhesion, drug release, kinetics of TRM release, corneal permeation, toxicity and ocular irritation. The thiolation of chitosan was confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR, which showed peaks at 6.6 ppm and 1230 cm-1, respectively. The nanoparticles had a diameter of 73 nm, a negative zeta potential (-21 mV) and a polydispersity index of 0.15. The optimized formulation, NT8, exhibited the highest values of mucoadhesion (7.8 ± 0.541h), drug loading (87.45 ± 1.309%), entrapment efficiency (92.34 ± 2.671%), TRM release (>90%) and corneal permeation (85.56%). The release pattern of TRM from the developed formulations was fickian diffusion. TRM-loaded nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The optimized formulation NT8 (0.1% TRM) greatly increased the AUC(0-∞) (1.5-fold) while significantly reducing the clearance (5-fold) compared to 0.3% TRM. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicated improved ocular retention and bioavailability of TRM loaded nanoparticles. Our study demonstrated that the TRM-loaded nanoparticles had improved mucoadhesion and pharmacokinetics and a suitable candidate for effective treatment of ocular bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khaled M. Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar M. Bukhary
- Department of Biological Analysis, Neuroscience unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awaji Y. Safhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Y. Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala M. Alkhalidi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Mehmood Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
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8
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Mursalin MH, Astley R, Coburn PS, Bagaruka E, Hunt JJ, Fischetti VA, Callegan MC. Therapeutic potential of Bacillus phage lysin PlyB in ocular infections. mSphere 2023; 8:e0004423. [PMID: 37273201 PMCID: PMC10449515 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00044-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage lytic enzymes (i.e., phage lysins) are a trending alternative for general antibiotics to combat growing antimicrobial resistance. Gram-positive Bacillus cereus causes one of the most severe forms of intraocular infection, often resulting in complete vision loss. It is an inherently β-lactamase-resistant organism that is highly inflammogenic in the eye, and antibiotics are not often beneficial as the sole therapeutic option for these blinding infections. The use of phage lysins as a treatment for B. cereus ocular infection has never been tested or reported. In this study, the phage lysin PlyB was tested in vitro, demonstrating rapid killing of vegetative B. cereus but not its spores. PlyB was also highly group specific and effectively killed the bacteria in various bacterial growth conditions, including ex vivo rabbit vitreous (Vit). Furthermore, PlyB demonstrated no cytotoxic or hemolytic activity toward human retinal cells or erythrocytes and did not trigger innate activation. In in vivo therapeutic experiments, PlyB was effective in killing B. cereus when administered intravitreally in an experimental endophthalmitis model and topically in an experimental keratitis model. In both models of ocular infection, the effective bactericidal property of PlyB prevented pathological damage to ocular tissues. Thus, PlyB was found to be safe and effective in killing B. cereus in the eye, greatly improving an otherwise devastating outcome. Overall, this study demonstrates that PlyB is a promising therapeutic option for B. cereus eye infections.IMPORTANCEEye infections from antibiotic-resistant Bacillus cereus are devastating and can result in blindness with few available treatment options. Bacteriophage lysins are an alternative to conventional antibiotics with the potential to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study demonstrates that a lysin called PlyB can effectively kill B. cereus in two models of B. cereus eye infections, thus treating and preventing the blinding effects of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Huzzatul Mursalin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Roger Astley
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Phillip S. Coburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eddy Bagaruka
- Oklahoma Christian University, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle C. Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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9
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Astley RA, Mursalin MH, Coburn PS, Livingston ET, Nightengale JW, Bagaruka E, Hunt JJ, Callegan MC. Ocular Bacterial Infections: A Ten-Year Survey and Review of Causative Organisms Based on the Oklahoma Experience. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1802. [PMID: 37512974 PMCID: PMC10386592 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular infections can be medical emergencies that result in permanent visual impairment or blindness and loss of quality of life. Bacteria are a major cause of ocular infections. Effective treatment of ocular infections requires knowledge of which bacteria are the likely cause of the infection. This survey of ocular bacterial isolates and review of ocular pathogens is based on a survey of a collection of isolates banked over a ten-year span at the Dean McGee Eye Institute in Oklahoma. These findings illustrate the diversity of bacteria isolated from the eye, ranging from common species to rare and unique species. At all sampled sites, staphylococci were the predominant bacteria isolated. Pseudomonads were the most common Gram-negative bacterial isolate, except in vitreous, where Serratia was the most common Gram-negative bacterial isolate. Here, we discuss the range of ocular infections that these species have been documented to cause and treatment options for these infections. Although a highly diverse spectrum of species has been isolated from the eye, the majority of infections are caused by Gram-positive species, and in most infections, empiric treatments are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Astley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Md Huzzatul Mursalin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Phillip S Coburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Erin T Livingston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - James W Nightengale
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Eddy Bagaruka
- Department of Biology, Oklahoma Christian University, Edmond, OK 73013, USA
| | - Jonathan J Hunt
- Department of Biology, Oklahoma Christian University, Edmond, OK 73013, USA
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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10
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Marzaman ANF, Roska TP, Sartini S, Utami RN, Sulistiawati S, Enggi CK, Manggau MA, Rahman L, Shastri VP, Permana AD. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Approaches of Antimicrobial Agents for Selective Delivery in Various Administration Routes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:822. [PMID: 37237725 PMCID: PMC10215767 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the increase of pathogenic bacteria with antibiotic-resistant characteristics has become a critical challenge in medical treatment. The misuse of conventional antibiotics to treat an infectious disease often results in increased resistance and a scarcity of effective antimicrobials to be used in the future against the organisms. Here, we discuss the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the need to combat it through the discovery of new synthetic or naturally occurring antibacterial compounds, as well as insights into the application of various drug delivery approaches delivered via various routes compared to conventional delivery systems. AMR-related infectious diseases are also discussed, as is the efficiency of various delivery systems. Future considerations in developing highly effective antimicrobial delivery devices to address antibiotic resistance are also presented here, especially on the smart delivery system of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardiyah Nurul Fitri Marzaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (A.N.F.M.); (T.P.R.); (S.S.); (R.N.U.); (S.S.); (C.K.E.); (M.A.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Tri Puspita Roska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (A.N.F.M.); (T.P.R.); (S.S.); (R.N.U.); (S.S.); (C.K.E.); (M.A.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Sartini Sartini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (A.N.F.M.); (T.P.R.); (S.S.); (R.N.U.); (S.S.); (C.K.E.); (M.A.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Rifka Nurul Utami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (A.N.F.M.); (T.P.R.); (S.S.); (R.N.U.); (S.S.); (C.K.E.); (M.A.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (A.N.F.M.); (T.P.R.); (S.S.); (R.N.U.); (S.S.); (C.K.E.); (M.A.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Cindy Kristina Enggi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (A.N.F.M.); (T.P.R.); (S.S.); (R.N.U.); (S.S.); (C.K.E.); (M.A.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Marianti A. Manggau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (A.N.F.M.); (T.P.R.); (S.S.); (R.N.U.); (S.S.); (C.K.E.); (M.A.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Latifah Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (A.N.F.M.); (T.P.R.); (S.S.); (R.N.U.); (S.S.); (C.K.E.); (M.A.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Venkatram Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert Ludwigs Universitat Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (A.N.F.M.); (T.P.R.); (S.S.); (R.N.U.); (S.S.); (C.K.E.); (M.A.M.); (L.R.)
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11
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, binti Abd Aziz A, Bhattamisra SK, Gorain B, Su JST, Tan CL, Chin WY, Yip KY. Potential of Stimuli-Responsive In Situ Gel System for Sustained Ocular Drug Delivery: Recent Progress and Contemporary Research. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1340. [PMID: 33923900 PMCID: PMC8074213 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyesight is one of the most well-deserved blessings, amid all the five senses in the human body. It captures the raw signals from the outside world to create detailed visual images, granting the ability to witness and gain knowledge about the world. Eyes are exposed directly to the external environment; they are susceptible to the vicissitudes of diseases. The World Health Organization has predicted that the number of individuals affected by eye diseases will rise enormously in the next decades. However, the physical barriers of the eyes and the problems associated with conventional ocular formulations are significant challenges in ophthalmic drug development. This has generated the demand for a sustained ocular drug delivery system, which serves to deliver effective drug concentration at a reduced frequency for consistent therapeutic effect and better patient treatment adherence. Recent advancement in pharmaceutical dosage design has demonstrated that a stimuli-responsive in situ gel system exhibits the favorable characteristics for providing sustained ocular drug delivery and enhanced ocular bioavailability. Stimuli-responsive in situ gels undergo a phase transition (solution-gelation) in response to the ocular environmental temperature, pH, and ions. These stimuli transform the formulation into a gel at the cul de sac to overcome the shortcomings of conventional eye drops, such as rapid nasolacrimal drainage and short contact time with the ocular surface This review highlights the recent successful research outcomes of stimuli-responsive in situ gelling systems in treating in vivo models with glaucoma and various ocular infections. Additionally, it also presents the mechanism, recent development, and safety considerations of stimuli-sensitive in situ gel as the potential sustained ocular delivery system for treating common eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azila binti Abd Aziz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Center for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jocelyn Sziou Ting Su
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.S.T.S.); (C.L.T.); (W.Y.C.); (K.Y.Y.)
| | - Choo Leey Tan
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.S.T.S.); (C.L.T.); (W.Y.C.); (K.Y.Y.)
| | - Woon Yee Chin
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.S.T.S.); (C.L.T.); (W.Y.C.); (K.Y.Y.)
| | - Khar Yee Yip
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.S.T.S.); (C.L.T.); (W.Y.C.); (K.Y.Y.)
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