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Cerri L, Parri S, Dias MC, Fabiano A, Romi M, Cai G, Cantini C, Zambito Y. Olive Leaf Extracts from Three Italian Olive Cultivars Exposed to Drought Stress Differentially Protect Cells against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:77. [PMID: 38247501 PMCID: PMC10812426 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves are an abundant by-product of olive oil production. Olive leaf extracts (OLEs) are rich in polyphenols, which can be used for health benefits. As polyphenols are the main antioxidant molecules in plants, plants typically increase their polyphenol content when exposed to drought stress. However, the phenolic profile of OLEs can vary in relation to the origin and variety of the plant material. In this work, olive leaf extracts from three different Italian olive cultivars (Giarraffa, Leccino, and Maurino) both exposed and not exposed to drought stress were studied in terms of antioxidant properties and profile, intestinal permeation, and protection against oxidative stress of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), since HUVECs are considered a model to study a wide range of diseases. OLEs from stressed Maurino and Giarraffa plants showed the highest increase in antioxidant capacity compared to controls. The phenolic profile of Maurino' was mainly increased by water deficit, with a large increase in the compounds oleuropein and luteolin-7-O-rutinoside. All tested extracts exposed to a water deficit protected HUVECs against oxidative stress by reducing ROS production, and this effect was more pronounced in OLEs from Giarraffa and Maurino exposed to drought stress compared to all other extracts. Finally, OLE from the stressed Giarraffa group showed a higher apparent permeability of antioxidant molecules than that of Maurino.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cerri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Sara Parri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Celeste Dias
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudio Cantini
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Strada Provinciale Aurelia Vecchia 49, 58022 Follonica, Italy;
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Sanchez Armengol E, Grassiri B, Piras AM, Zambito Y, Fabiano A, Laffleur F. Ocular antibacterial chitosan-maleic acid hydrogels: In vitro and in vivo studies for a promising approach with enhanced mucoadhesion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127939. [PMID: 37951441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to design and evaluate a chitosan-based conjugate providing high mucoadhesiveness and antibacterial activity for ocular infections treatment. Chitosan was conjugated with maleic acid via amide bond formation and infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) allowed characterization and quantification of conjugated groups, respectively. Biocompatibility was tested via hemolysis assay and Hen's Egg-Chorioallantoic membrane test. Characterization of the pH and osmolarity of hydrogels was followed by mucoadhesion assessment utilizing rheology. In addition, antibacterial studies were carried out towards Escherichia coli by broth microdilution test and agar-disk diffusion assay. In vivo studies were carried out following the already established Draize test and determining pharmacokinetic profile of dexamethasone in aqueous humour. The conjugate exhibited a degree of modification of 50.05 % and no toxicity or irritability. Moreover, mucoadhesive properties were enhanced in 2.68-fold and 1.81-fold for elastic and viscous modulus, respectively. Furthermore, rheological synergism revealed the presence of a gel-like structure. Additionally, broth microdilution and agar disk diffusion studies exhibited enhancement in antibacterial activity. Finally, in vivo studies manifested that hydrogels were highly tolerated, evidencing promising characteristics of the developed conjugate. The conjugate presented promising antimicrobial, long lasting mucoadhesive features and highly improved pharmacokinetics, leading to a revolutionizing approach in the treatment of ocular bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brunella Grassiri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Catelli C, Corzani R, Zanfrini E, Franchi F, Ghisalberti M, Ligabue T, Meniconi F, Monaci N, Galgano A, Mathieu F, Addamo E, Sarnicola N, Fabiano A, Paladini P, Luzzi L. RoboticAssisted (RATS) versus Video-Assisted (VATS) lobectomy: A monocentric prospective randomized trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 2023; 49:107256. [PMID: 37925829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aim is to compare Video-Assisted (VATS) and Robotic-Assisted (RATS) lobectomy in the effort to identify advantages and limits of robotic procedures considering the high costs and specific surgeon training. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a monocentric prospective randomized trial in which patients suitable for mini-invasive lobectomy were randomized 1:2 in two groups: Group A, RATS (25 patients), and Group B, VATS (50 patients). The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative and postoperative results with a mean follow up of 37.9 (±10.9) months. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction of pleural effusion on day 1 (140 ml vs 214, p = 0.003) and day 2 (186 vs 321, p = 0.001) for group A. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) showed significantly lower pain in the 1st p.o. day in group A (0,92 vs 1,17, p = 0,005). Surgery time in Group B was significantly lower (160 min vs 180, p = 0.036), but had a higher onset of atrial fibrillation and other cardiac arrhythmias (0/25 vs 9/50, p = 0.038). The OS and DFS were similar between the two groups (95.5 % vs 93.1 %, and 95.5 % vs 89.7 %, respectively). Furthermore, no statistical difference in the evaluation of quality of life during follow-up was found. CONCLUSIONS The RATS approach, although burdened by higher surgical costs, constitutes a valid alternative to VATS; as it determines a lower inflammatory insult, with a consequent reduction in pleural effusion, less post-operative pain and cardiological comorbidities for the patient, it can potentially determine the shortening in hospitalization. In addition, RATS allows accurate lymph node dissection, which permit to reach results that are not inferior to VATS in terms of long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Catelli
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vascular Sciences, Padua University Hospital, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 1, Padua, PD, Italy.
| | - R Corzani
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - E Zanfrini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Franchi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Ghisalberti
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - T Ligabue
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Meniconi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - N Monaci
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A Galgano
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Mathieu
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - E Addamo
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - N Sarnicola
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A Fabiano
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - P Paladini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Luzzi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Smorti M, Mirabella F, Calamandrei G, Gigantesco A, Mauri G, Brescianini S, Aceti F, Adulti I, Bagolan P, Barbano G, Bellomo A, Cattaneo M, Cengia E, Fabiano A, Fent A, Ferraro L, Giacchetti N, Grimaldi Capitello T, Grillo A, LA Barbera D, Marcheggiani A, Mazza M, Messina L, Niolu C, Picciano G, Pistillo M, Regonesi M, Riolo R, Sani G, Triggiani A, Tomasello D, Camoni L. Prevalence of anxiety and depression risk during the prepartum period in the different groups of women and responses from the Italian National Health Service. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023:S2724-5276.23.07410-4. [PMID: 37906132 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.23.07410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific screening for anxiety and depression in pregnant women is important to identify those at risk and to provide timely intervention. The aims of the study were: 1) to compare the risk of anxiety and depression in four groups of pregnant women belonging to four types of healthcare centers distinguished by the level of risk: at low-risk; at high-risk for an obstetric reason; at high-risk for fetal anomalies; at high-risk for psychiatric conditions and 2) to identify the response that the National Health Service offers to women positively screened for anxiety and depression. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2801 pregnant women, cared for by National Health Service, divided into four groups: 1) low-risk pregnancy (N.=1970); 2) high-risk pregnancy for an obstetric reason (N.=218); 3) high-risk for fetal anomalies (N.=505); and 4) high-risk for psychiatric conditions (N.=108). Participants were screened using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the General Anxiety Disorder, and sociodemographic, anamnestic, and clinic questionnaires. RESULTS 28.9% of participants obtained an EPDS Score ≥9 and 17.1% a GAD-7 Score ≥8. The group at high-risk for fetal anomalies presented the highest prevalence of anxiety (29.3%) and depression (49.1%) while the group at low risk presented the lowest prevalence of anxiety (13%) and depression (24.6%). The groups at risk for obstetric reasons presented an intermediate prevalence. Psychiatric conditions constituted a higher risk for anxiety than depression. Counselling is recommended for about 70% of women at risk for anxiety and depression. Moreover, about 15% of women positive for screening were initiated into psychotherapy and about 1.5% into pharmacotherapy. 15% of women positive for screening were referred to other specialists. CONCLUSIONS This study underlined the relevance of a prompt response by the National Health Service to mental health needs, especially in the risk conditions related to obstetric and/or fetal anomalies and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smorti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiorino Mirabella
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Calamandrei
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Gigantesco
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Mauri
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Brescianini
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Aceti
- Service of Perinatal Psychopathology, Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Adulti
- Perinatal Depression Multicentric Observatory, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Bagolan
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Department of Fetal and Perinatal Medicine and Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Barbano
- AULSS 2/Marca Trevigiana - Distretto Treviso Nord, Oderzo, Treviso, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Perinatal Depression Multicentric Observatory, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marina Cattaneo
- Local Health Authority Bergamo Ovest, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elda Cengia
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AULSS 1 Dolomiti, Hospital of Feltre, Feltre, Belluno, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Local Health Authority, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Catania, Italy
| | - Alice Fent
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AULSS 1 Dolomiti, Hospital of Feltre, Feltre, Belluno, Italy
| | - Laura Ferraro
- Perinatal Depression Multicentric Observatory, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Giacchetti
- Service of Perinatal Psychopathology, Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Grimaldi Capitello
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Department of Fetal and Perinatal Medicine and Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Grillo
- Local Health Authority, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele LA Barbera
- Perinatal Depression Multicentric Observatory, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Mazza
- Perinatal Depression Multicentric Observatory, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Messina
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buccheri La Ferla Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Niolu
- Perinatal Depression Multicentric Observatory, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Picciano
- Local Health Authority, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Myriam Regonesi
- Local Health Authority Bergamo Ovest, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rossana Riolo
- Maternal and Paternal Perinatal Disorder Service, Department of Local Psychiatry, AULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Perinatal Depression Multicentric Observatory, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Damiana Tomasello
- Local Health Authority, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Camoni
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Health Institute, Rome, Italy -
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Fekrmandi F, Azad F, Goulenko V, Amin M, Belal A, Plunkett R, Fabiano A, Fenstermaker R, Lipinski L, Torka P, Cortese M, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri F, Prasad D. Stereotactic Radiosurgery as an Effective and Safe Treatment Modality in Central Nervous System Lymphoma, a Single Institution Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e103. [PMID: 37784631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) CNS lymphoma (CNSL) is an aggressive liquid cancer with the potential for rapid progression. Standard treatment regimens for CNSL have included chemotherapy and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). WBRT carries a high risk of leukoencephalopathy (LE) manifesting as cognitive decline and is identifiable on brain MRI as fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) changes. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can precisely deliver higher biologically effective doses of radiation, while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue. SRS offers enhanced local control in CNSL with minimal risk of LE. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients undergoing SRS at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center from 2000 to 2022 were prospectively enrolled into a database. Twenty-nine consecutive patients diagnosed with relapsed primary CNSL (59%) or secondary CNSL (41%) were included in this study. Median age at diagnosis was 70 (range 23-91) years and 14 were female. Follow up MRI imaging was obtained at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months post-procedure. Measurement of tumor volumes was performed at treatment and each subsequent follow-up by image co-registration and tumor segmentation. Pre and post SRS brain MRIs were independently reviewed by a neuro-radiologist to score the grade of LE for each patient. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analyses and Log-rank tests using statistical software. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients treated for 50 tumors were studied. Twenty-four patients were treated for a single tumor, and 5 for multiple tumors. Six patients underwent repeat SRS treatment for 10 out-of-field recurrences and 1 patient for an in-field recurrence. Of the 35 SRS procedures performed, 32 (88%) were single session delivery and 3 were hypofractionated. Stereotactic immobilization was achieved with frame (57%) or thermoplastic mask (43%). Median prescribed dose was 14 Gy (range 10-21) to the 50% isodose line (range 40-100). Median coverage, selectivity and gradient index were 0.97, 0.69, and 2.9 respectively. Median follow-up time was 4.5 months (range 0.5-64). Twenty-six (52%) tumors completely responded to treatment with no residual enhancement, while the rest decreased in volume. No tumor failed to respond to treatment. Median time to best volumetric response was achieved in 2.9 months (range 1-6.1) and median volume of best response was zero cc (range 0-1.19). The median OS of the cohort was 7.0 months (95% CI 5.1-8.9), while the median PFS was 5.0 months (95% CI 1.2-8.8). Median score of LE was zero, and only one patient experienced grade 3 MRI FLAIR changes. CONCLUSION With a median time to response of 2.9 months, a 100% initial response rate and a single in-field failure, our analysis demonstrates a rapid and effective response of CNSL to SRS. Distant failures were controlled with repeat SRS. The absence of LE in the treated patients provides further evidence for safety and tolerability of SRS in CNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fekrmandi
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY; University at Buffalo, Graduate Medical Education, Buffalo, NY
| | - F Azad
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY; University at Buffalo, Graduate Medical Education, Buffalo, NY
| | - V Goulenko
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY; University at Buffalo, Graduate Medical Education, Buffalo, NY
| | - M Amin
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY; University at Buffalo, Graduate Medical Education, Buffalo, NY
| | - A Belal
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - R Plunkett
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - A Fabiano
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - L Lipinski
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - P Torka
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - M Cortese
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - D Prasad
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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Grassiri B, Mezzetta A, Maisetta G, Migone C, Fabiano A, Esin S, Guazzelli L, Zambito Y, Batoni G, Piras AM. Betaine- and L-Carnitine-Based Ionic Liquids as Solubilising and Stabilising Agents for the Formulation of Antimicrobial Eye Drops Containing Diacerein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032714. [PMID: 36769037 PMCID: PMC9916883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of topically administered drugs, however powerful, is largely affected by their bioavailability and, thus, ultimately, on their aqueous solubility and stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as functional excipients to solubilise, stabilise, and prolong the ocular residence time of diacerein (DIA) in eye drop formulations. DIA is a poorly soluble and unstable anthraquinone prodrug, rapidly hydrolysed to rhein (Rhe), for the treatment of osteoarthritis. DIA has recently been evaluated as an antimicrobial agent for bacterial keratitis. Two ILs based on natural zwitterionic compounds were investigated: L-carnitine C6 alkyl ester bromide (Carn6), and betaine C6 alkyl ester bromide (Bet6). The stabilising, solubilising, and mucoadhesive properties of ILs were investigated, as well as their cytotoxicity to the murine fibroblast BALB/3T3 clone A31 cell line. Two IL-DIA-based eye drop formulations were prepared, and their efficacy against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined. Finally, the eye drops were administered in vivo on New Zealand albino rabbits, testing their tolerability as well as their elimination and degradation kinetics. Both Bet6 and Carn6 have good potential as functional excipients, showing solubilising, stabilising, mucoadhesive, and antimicrobial properties; their in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo ocular tolerability pave the way for their future use in ophthalmic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantionio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Migone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Zambito Y, Piras AM, Fabiano A. Bergamot Essential Oil: A Method for Introducing It in Solid Dosage Forms. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233860. [PMID: 36496668 PMCID: PMC9738570 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bergamot essential oil (BEO) possess antimicrobial, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular effects. However, it is rich in volatile compounds, e.g., limonene, that are susceptible to conversion and degradation reactions. The aim of this communication was to prepare a conjugate based on a quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative (QA-Ch) and methyl-βCD (MCD), coded as BEO/QA-Ch-MCD, to encapsulate BEO in order to stabilize its volatile compounds, eliminate its unpleasant taste, and convert the oil in a solid dosage form. The obtained conjugate, BEO/QA-Ch-MCD, was highly soluble and had a percentage of extract association efficiency (AE %), in terms of polyphenols and limonene contents, of 22.0 ± 0.9 and 21.9 ± 1.2, respectively. Moreover, stability studies under UV stress in simulated gastric fluid showed that BEO/QA-Ch-MCD was more able to protect polyphenols and limonene from degradation compared to free BEO or BEO complexed with MCD (BEO/MCD). The complexation and subsequent lyophilization allowed the transformation of a liquid into a solid dosage form capable of eliminating the unpleasant taste of the orally administered oil and rendering the solid suitable to produce powders, granules, tablets, etc. These solid oral dosage forms, as they come into contact with physiological fluids, could generate nanosized agglomerates able to increase the stability of their active contents and, consequently, their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Fabiano A, De Leo M, Cerri L, Piras AM, Braca A, Zambito Y. Saffron extract self-assembled nanoparticles to prolong the precorneal residence of crocin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fabiano A, Migone C, Cerri L, Piras AM, Mezzetta A, Maisetta G, Esin S, Batoni G, Di Stefano R, Zambito Y. Combination of Two Kinds of Medicated Microparticles Based on Hyaluronic Acid or Chitosan for a Wound Healing Spray Patch. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2195. [PMID: 34959476 PMCID: PMC8705855 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves extract (OLE) has been extensively studied as antioxidant and antibiotic and these characteristics make it particularly interesting for use on wounds. For this reason, the aim of this study was to introduce OLE in microparticles (MP) of hyaluronic acid (MPHA-OLE) or chitosan (MPCs-OLE) to obtain a spray patch for the treatment of wounds in anatomical areas that are difficult to protect with traditional patches. The MP were characterized for particle size and ability to protect OLE from degradation, to absorb water from wound exudate, to control OLE release from MP. The MPHA and MPCs medicated or not and mixtures of the two types in different proportions were studied in vitro on fibroblasts by the scratch wound healing assay. The MP size was always less than 5 µm, and therefore, suitable for a spray patch. The MPCs-OLE could slow down the release of OLE therefore only about 60% of the polyphenols contained in it were released after 4 h. Both MPHA and MPCs could accelerate wound healing. A 50% MPHA-OLE-50% MPCs-OLE blend was the most suitable for accelerating wound healing. The MPHA-OLE-MPCs-OLE blends studied in this work were shown to have the characteristics suitable for a spray patch, thus giving a second life to the waste products of olive growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Migone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Luca Cerri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.P.); (A.M.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Rossella Di Stefano
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.P.); (A.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Adaglio J, Barritta R, Navarro P, Capelli O, Fabiano A, Novaro F, Villar A, Zapata P, Brugues L. Longer Hospital Stay and Higher Mortality in Nutritionally At-Risk COVID-19 Patients. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [PMCID: PMC8450545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Carnevale C, Diociaiuti A, Retrosi C, Gualdi G, Fabiano A, Stracuzzi A, El Hachem M. Giant congenital exophytic strawberry-like mass in a newborn. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:206-208. [PMID: 34407237 PMCID: PMC9292197 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Carnevale
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Retrosi
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Gualdi
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Ageing Science, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Rome, Italy.,Department of Dermatology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Fabiano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Stracuzzi
- Department of Laboratories, Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Cesari A, Recchimurzo A, Fabiano A, Balzano F, Rossi N, Migone C, Uccello-Barretta G, Zambito Y, Piras AM. Improvement of Peptide Affinity and Stability by Complexing to Cyclodextrin-Grafted Ammonium Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020474. [PMID: 32092950 PMCID: PMC7077720 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-grafted polymers are attractive biomaterials that could bring together the host–guest complexing capability of pristine cyclodextrin and the pharmaceutical features of the polymeric backbone. The present paper is aimed at characterizing the potential application of ammonium–chitosan grafted with 2-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (N+-rCh-MCD) as the functional macromolecular complexing agent for the oral administration of the neuropeptide dalargin (DAL). Specific NMR characterization procedures, along with UV and fluorescence techniques, as well as biological in vitro assessments have been performed. The results indicate that N+-rCh-MCD forms water-soluble complexes with DAL, with a prevalent involvement of Tyr or Phe over Leu and Ala residues. The association constant of DAL with the polymeric derivative is one order of magnitude higher than that with the pristine cyclodextrin (Ka: 2600 M−1 and 120 M−1, respectively). Additionally, N+-rCh-MCD shields DAL from enzymatic degradation in gastrointestinal in vitro models with a three-fold time delay, suggesting a future pharmaceutical exploitation of the polymeric derivative. Therefore, the greater affinity of N+-rCh-MCD for DAL and its protective effect against enzymatic hydrolysis can be attributed to the synergistic cooperation between cyclodextrin and the polymer, which is realized only when the former is covalently linked to the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cesari
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (A.R.); (G.U.-B.)
| | - Alessandra Recchimurzo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (A.R.); (G.U.-B.)
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (N.R.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Federica Balzano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (A.R.); (G.U.-B.)
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Nicolò Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (N.R.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chiara Migone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (N.R.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Gloria Uccello-Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (A.R.); (G.U.-B.)
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (N.R.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (N.R.); (C.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (A.M.P.)
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Beconcini D, Felice F, Fabiano A, Sarmento B, Zambito Y, Di Stefano R. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cherry Extract: Nanosystems-Based Strategies to Improve Endothelial Function and Intestinal Absorption. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020207. [PMID: 32079234 PMCID: PMC7074069 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cherry fruit has a high content in flavonoids. These are important diet components protecting against oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which are all involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Since the seasonal availability of fresh fruit is limited, research has been focused on cherry extract (CE), which also possesses a high nutraceutical potential. Many clinical studies have demonstrated the nutraceutical efficacy of fresh cherries, but only a few studies on CE antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have been carried out. Here, the results concerning the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CE are reviewed. These were obtained by an in vitro model based on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). To clarify the CE mechanism of action, cells were stressed to induce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Considering that antioxidants' polyphenol compounds are easily degraded in the gastrointestinal tract, recent strategies to reduce the degradation and improve the bioavailability of CE are also presented and discussed. In particular, we report on results obtained with nanoparticles (NP) based on chitosan derivatives (Ch-der), which improved the mucoadhesive properties of the chitosan polymers, as well as their positive charge, to favor high cellular interaction and polyphenols intestinal absorption, compared with a non-mucoadhesive negative surface charged poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid NP. The advantages and safety of different nanosystems loaded with natural CE or other nutraceuticals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Beconcini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (R.D.S.)
| | - Francesca Felice
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-153 Porto, Portugal;
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, via Borghetto 80, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Stefano
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, via Borghetto 80, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (R.D.S.)
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Felice F, Fabiano A, De Leo M, Piras AM, Beconcini D, Cesare MM, Braca A, Zambito Y, Di Stefano R. Antioxidant Effect of Cocoa By-Product and Cherry Polyphenol Extracts: A Comparative Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E132. [PMID: 32028655 PMCID: PMC7070601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted the importance of cherry and cocoa extracts consumption to protect cells from oxidative stress, paying particular attention to cocoa by-products. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of cocoa husk extract (CHE) and cherry extracts (CE) against ROS-induced oxidative stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). METHODS CE and CHE had antioxidant activity characterized by total polyphenols content (TPC). HUVECs were treated for 2 h and 24 h with increasing TPC concentrations of CE and CHE (5-10-25-50-100 µg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/mL) and then with H2O2 for 1 h. Cell viability and ROS production were evaluated. CE and CHE polyphenols permeability on excised rat intestine were also studied. RESULTS CE and CHE showed a similar antioxidant activity (2.5 ± 0.01 mmol Fe2+/100 g FW (fresh weight) and 2.19 ± 0.09 mmol Fe2+/100 g FW, respectively, p > 0.05) whereas CHE had a higher TPC (7105.0 ± 96.9 mg GAE/100 g FW) than CE (402.5 ± 8.4 mg GAE/100 g), p < 0.05. The in vitro viability assay showed that both extracts were non-cytotoxic. CHE resulted in protection against ROS at lower concentrations than CE. CHE showed a 2-fold higher apparent permeability compared to CE. CONCLUSIONS CHE represents a high-value antioxidant source, which is interesting for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felice
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.C.); (R.D.S.)
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.D.L.); (A.M.P.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.D.L.); (A.M.P.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.D.L.); (A.M.P.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Denise Beconcini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.D.L.); (A.M.P.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Maria Michela Cesare
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.C.); (R.D.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.D.L.); (A.M.P.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (M.D.L.); (A.M.P.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Stefano
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.C.); (R.D.S.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Piras AM, Esin S, Benedetti A, Maisetta G, Fabiano A, Zambito Y, Batoni G. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antiadhesive Properties of Different Quaternized Chitosan Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6297. [PMID: 31847119 PMCID: PMC6940869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antimicrobial resistance, the identification of new antimicrobials is a research priority at the global level. In this regard, the attention towards functional antimicrobial polymers, with biomedical/pharmaceutical grade, and exerting anti-infective properties has recently grown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiadhesive properties of a number of quaternized chitosan derivatives that have displayed significant muco-adhesive properties and wound healing promotion features in previous studies. Low (QAL) and high (QAH) molecular weight quaternized chitosan derivatives were synthetized and further modified with thiol moieties or pendant cyclodextrin, and their antibacterial activity evaluated as minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The ability of the derivatives to prevent biofilm formation was assessed by crystal violet staining. Both QAL and QAH derivatives exerted a bactericidal and/or inhibitory activity on the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis. The same compounds also showed marked dose-dependent anti-biofilm activity. Furthermore, the high molecular weight derivative (QAH) was used to functionalize titanium plates. The successful functionalization, demonstrated by electron microscopy, was able to partially inhibit the adhesion of S. epidermidis at 6 h of incubation. The shown ability of the chitosan derivatives tested to both inhibit bacterial growth and/or biofilm formation of clinically relevant bacterial species reveals their potential as multifunctional molecules against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Arianna Benedetti
- Department of Translational Research and New technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
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Fabiano A, Piras AM, Guazzelli L, Storti B, Bizzarri R, Zambito Y. Impact of Different Mucoadhesive Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded in Thermosensitive Hydrogels on Transcorneal Administration of 5-Fluorouracil. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120623. [PMID: 31766560 PMCID: PMC6956271 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous paper a thermosensitive hydrogel formulation based on chitosan or its derivatives (TSOH), containing medicated chitosan nanoparticles (Ch NP) for transcorneal administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was described. The Ch NP-containing TSOH allowed a time-constant 5-FU concentration in the aqueous for 7 h from instillation. The aim of the present work was to study the impact of the surface characteristics of new NP contained in TSOH on ocular 5-FU bioavailability. The Ch derivatives used to prepare NP were quaternary ammonium-Ch conjugate (QA-Ch), S-protected derivative thereof (QA-Ch-S-pro), and a sulphobutyl chitosan derivative (SB-Ch). All NP types had 300–400 nm size, 16–18% encapsulation efficiency, and retained the entrapped drug for at least 15 h. Drug release from TSOH containing NP based on QA-Ch or QA-Ch-S-pro was virtually equal, whereas with TSOH containing NP based on SB-Ch was significantly slower. Instillation, in rabbit eyes, of NP-containing TSOH based on QA-Ch or SB-Ch led to a plateau in the aqueous concentration vs. time plot in the 1–10 h range with significantly enhanced area under curve (AUC). Negative charges on the NP surface slowed down 5-FU release from TSOH while positive charges increased NP contact with the negatively charged ocular surface. Either results in enhanced ocular bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa Via Bonanno, 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.P.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +39-050-221-2111 (A.F.); +39-050-221-9657 (Y.Z.)
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa Via Bonanno, 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa Via Bonanno, 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Barbara Storti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (B.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Ranieri Bizzarri
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (B.S.); (R.B.)
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa Via Bonanno, 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.P.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +39-050-221-2111 (A.F.); +39-050-221-9657 (Y.Z.)
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Brilli E, Khadge S, Fabiano A, Zambito Y, Williams T, Tarantino G. Magnesium bioavailability after administration of sucrosomial® magnesium: results of an ex-vivo study and a comparative, double-blinded, cross-over study in healthy subjects. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 22:1843-1851. [PMID: 29630135 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201803_14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted an ex-vivo analysis and a study in healthy subjects to compare magnesium bioavailability after administration of Sucrosomial® magnesium or commercially available preparations of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium bisglycinate. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the ex-vivo study we simulated magnesium intestinal absorption after digestion through sections of intestinal mucosa isolated from rats. We compared the absorption of magnesium oxide and Sucrosomial® magnesium at two different concentrations: 32.9 mg/ml and 329 mg/ml. The human study was a single day double-blinded repeated crossover study in healthy subjects. Each subject was administered 350 mg magnesium in different formulations (Sucrosomial® magnesium, magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide or magnesium bisglycinate) after 1 week of washout. We collected blood and urine samples to measure magnesium concentration in blood, urine and red blood cells. RESULTS The ex-vivo evaluation showed that magnesium absorption after administration of Sucrosomial® magnesium was faster and with higher rates compared to a standard formulation of magnesium oxide. This finding was further confirmed by the results of the study in healthy subjects, that showed a more evident increase in magnesium concentration after administration of Sucrosomial® magnesium compared to the other formulations. In particular, the increase in magnesium concentration from baseline to 24 h was statistically higher in blood and in urine for Sucrosomial® magnesium compared to magnesium oxide, while in red blood cells Sucrosomial® magnesium had a statistically significant advantage compared to magnesium bisglycinate. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Sucrosomial® magnesium leads to an increased bioavailability of magnesium compared to other formulations. Further studies are needed to investigate if this advantage turns into more evident clinical efficacy.
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Piras AM, Fabiano A, Sartini S, Zambito Y, Braccini S, Chiellini F, Cataldi AG, Bartoli F, de la Fuente A, Erba PA. pH-Responsive Carboxymethylcellulose Nanoparticles for 68Ga-WBC Labeling in PET Imaging. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101615. [PMID: 31590371 PMCID: PMC6835547 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a well-known pharmaceutical polymer, recently gaining attention in the field of nanomedicine, especially as a polyelectrolyte agent for the formation of complexes with oppositely charged macromolecules. Here, we report on the application of pH-sensitive pharmaceutical grade CMC-based nanoparticles (NP) for white blood cells (WBC) PET imaging. In this context and as an alternative to 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT labeling, the use of 68Ga3+ as PET radionuclide was investigated since, at early time points, it could provide the greater spatial resolution and patient convenience of PET tomography over SPECT clinical practices. Two operator-friendly kit-type formulations were compared, with the intention of radiolabeling within a short time (10 min), under mild conditions (physiological pH, room temperature) and in agreement with the actual clinically applied guidelines. NP were labeled by directly using 68Ga3+ eluted in HCL 0.05 N, from hospital suited 68Ge/68Ga generator and in absence of chelator. The first kit type approach involved the application of 68Ga3+ as an ionotropic gelation agent for in-situ forming NP. The second kit type approach concerned the re-hydration of a proper freeze-dried injectable NP powder. pH-sensitive NP with 250 nm average diameter and 80% labeling efficacy were obtained. The NP dispersant medium, including a cryoprotective agent, was modulated in order to optimize the Zeta potential value (−18 mV), minimize the NP interaction with serum proteins and guarantee a physiological environment for WBC during NP incubation. Time-dependent WBC radiolabeling was correlated to NP uptake by using both confocal and FT-IR microscopies. The ready to use lyophilized NP formulation approach appears promising as a straightforward 68Ga-WBC labeling tool for PET imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Sartini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Braccini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, UdR INSTM - Pisa, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Chiellini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, UdR INSTM - Pisa, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angela G Cataldi
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ana de la Fuente
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Cesari A, Fabiano A, Piras AM, Zambito Y, Uccello-Barretta G, Balzano F. Binding and mucoadhesion of sulfurated derivatives of quaternary ammonium-chitosans and their nanoaggregates: An NMR investigation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 177:112852. [PMID: 31499432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of insertion of SH and S-protected groups on the binding and mucoadhesion properties of quaternary ammonium-chitosans and their nanoparticulate forms has been investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Diclofenac sodium salt has been assumed as low molecular weight probe to detect the different binding behaviour of polymeric materials; mucin from bovine submaxillary glands was selected as the model protein for differentiating their mucoadhesion. NMR proton selective relaxation rates of the probe molecule were remarkably sensitive to the presence of very low amounts of sulfurated moieties. Impact of supramolecular aggregation in nanostructured species was demonstrated as well as the relevance of S-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cesari
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Uccello-Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Balzano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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20
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Moro R, Fabiano A, Mangeri F, Di Buduo A, Manerba A, Rossini M, Calzavara‐Pinton P, Gualdi G. Objective evaluation of the response of infantile haemangiomas to propranolol treatment using a three‐dimensional imaging system. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:836-838. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Moro
- Department of Dermatology ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - A. Fabiano
- Department of Dermatology ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - F. Mangeri
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - A. Di Buduo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - A. Manerba
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia BresciaItaly
| | - M. Rossini
- Department of Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - P.G. Calzavara‐Pinton
- Department of Dermatology ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia Brescia Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - G. Gualdi
- Department of Dermatology ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia Brescia Italy
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21
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Beconcini D, Fabiano A, Zambito Y, Berni R, Santoni T, Piras AM, Di Stefano R. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Containing Cherry Extract from Prunus avium L. to Improve the Resistance of Endothelial Cells to Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111598. [PMID: 30388730 PMCID: PMC6266270 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cherries are known for their nutraceutical properties, in particular for their antioxidant ability due to their polyphenol content, which causes a reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, once ingested these molecules are degraded in the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract before reaching the blood, which is the action site. The object of the present work is to evaluate the ability of cherry extract (CE), encapsulated in nanoparticles (NPs) based on different chitosan (Ch) derivatives, to promote a protective effect of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) involved in vascular dysfunction against oxidative stress. CE-loaded NPs based on quaternary ammonium chitosan (NP1) and an S-protected thiolated derivative thereof (NP2) were prepared. The mean particle size (NP1 344.9 ± 17.8, NP2 339.9 ± 68.2 nm), the polydispersity index, the encapsulation efficiency (NP1 78.4 ± 4.5, NP2 79.8 ± 0.6%), and the zeta potential (NP1 14.8 ± 0.3, NP2 15.8 ± 0.5 mV) did not appear to be significantly different. Both NP types improved the CE apparent permeation parameters with respect to the control. Conversely, CE-loaded NP2 protected HUVECs from oxidative stress and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production more than CE-loaded NP1 and free CE. In addition to promoting HUVEC resistance, NP2 could be a useful tool to overcome the problem of cherry seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Beconcini
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, via Borghetto 80, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Roberto Berni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Trees and Timber Institute-National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IVALSA), via Aurelia 49, 58022 Follonica (GR), Italy.
| | - Tatiana Santoni
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Stefano
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, via Borghetto 80, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
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22
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Fabiano A, Brilli E, Mattii L, Testai L, Moscato S, Citi V, Tarantino G, Zambito Y. Ex Vivo and in Vivo Study of Sucrosomial ® Iron Intestinal Absorption and Bioavailability. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092722. [PMID: 30213039 PMCID: PMC6165425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to demonstrate that Sideral® RM (SRM, Sucrosomial® Raw Material Iron) is transported across the excised intestine via a biological mechanism, and to investigate the effect that this transport route may produce on oral iron absorption, which is expected to reduce the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects caused by the bioavailability of non-absorbed iron. Excised rat intestine was exposed to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled SRM in Ussing chambers followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy to look for the presence of fluorescein-tagged vesicles of the FITC-labeled SRM. To identify FITC-labeled SRM internalizing cells, an immunofluorescence analysis for macrophages and M cells was performed using specific antibodies. Microscopy analysis revealed the presence of fluorescein positive particulate structures in tissues treated with FITC-labeled SRM. These structures do not disintegrate during transit, and concentrate in macrophage cells. Iron bioavailability was assessed by determining the time-course of Fe3+ plasma levels. As references, iron contents in liver, spleen, and bone marrow were determined in healthy rats treated by gavage with SRM or ferric pyrophosphate salt (FP). SRM significantly increased both area under the curve (AUC) and clearance maxima (Cmax) compared to FP, thus increasing iron bioavailability (AUCrel = 1.8). This led to increased iron availability in the bone marrow at 5 h after single dose gavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Moscato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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23
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Fabiano A, Piras AM, Uccello-Barretta G, Balzano F, Cesari A, Testai L, Citi V, Zambito Y. Impact of mucoadhesive polymeric nanoparticulate systems on oral bioavailability of a macromolecular model drug. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:281-289. [PMID: 30006244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) only different in mucoadhesivity are compared for impact on drug oral bioavailability. Two polymeric NP types based on quaternary ammonium-chitosan (NP QA-Ch) and S-protected thiolated derivative thereof (NP QA-Ch-S-pro), respectively, containing the macromolecular drug model, FD4, were prepared by crosslinking each polymer with reduced MW hyaluronic acid. The structure of basic polymers was determined by H1NMR analysis. NP were similar in size (371 ± 38 vs. 376 ± 82 nm); polydispersity index (0.39 ± 0.08 vs. 0.41 ± 0.10); zeta potential (13.4 ± 0.9 vs. 11.9 ± 1.2 mV); reversible interactions with drug (bound drug, 67 vs. 66%); encapsulation efficiency (23 ± 5 vs. 23 ± 8%); release properties (15% released in 15 h in both cases); and apparent permeation across excised rat intestine (Papp, 8.8 ± 0.8 vs. 10 ± 1 cm/s). Then the differences in NP transport ratio through mucus (TR, 0.75 vs. 0.37) and adhesion to excised rat intestinal mucosa (adsorbed fraction, 23 ± 3 vs. 45 ± 2%) were ascribed to higher mucoadhesivity of NP QA-Ch-S-pro compared to NP QA-Ch. This directly influenced drug oral bioavailability in rats (Tmax, 1 vs. 2 h; AUC, 1.7 ± 0.3 vs. 2.9 ± 0.4 μg/mL min, for NP QA-Ch and NP QA-Ch-S-pro, respectively). Mucoadhesivity increases drug bioavailability by retaining NP at its absorption site and opposing its transit down the GI tract. Data on drug accumulation in rat liver allows the assertion that NP is absorbed by transcytosis across intestinal epithelium and transported from blood into liver by Kuppfer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Uccello-Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Balzano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cesari
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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24
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Piras AM, Fabiano A, Chiellini F, Zambito Y. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin quaternary ammonium chitosan conjugate: nanoparticles vs macromolecular soluble complex. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2531-2541. [PMID: 29731628 PMCID: PMC5923277 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s160987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to compare a novel cyclodextrin–polymer–drug complex in solution with a dispersed supramolecular nanosize system, made of the same complex, for ability to carry dexamethasone (DEX) across excised rat intestine. Results Methyl-β-cyclodextrin-quaternary ammonium chitosan conjugate (QA-Ch-MCD) was obtained by covalent grafting through a 10-atom spacer. The conjugate was characterized by 1H-NMR, resulting in 24.4% w/w of MCD content. Phase solubility profile analysis of the QA-Ch-MCD/DEX complex yielded an association constant of 14037 M−1, vs 4428 M−1 for the plain MCD/DEX complex. Nanoparticle (NP) dispersions resulted from ionotropic gelation of the QA-Ch-MCD/DEX complex by sodium tripolyphosphate, leading to 9.9%±1.4% drug loading efficiency. The mean diameter and zeta potential for NP were 299±32 nm (polydispersity index [PI] 0.049) and 11.5±1.1 mV, respectively. Those for QA-Ch-MCD/DEX were 2.7±0.4 nm (PI 0.048) and 6.7±0.6 mV. QA-Ch-MCD/DEX solutions and corresponding NP dispersions were compared in vitro for water-assisted transport through mucus, DEX permeation through excised rat intestine, and ex vivo mucoadhesivity. The complex showed higher mucoadhesion and lower transport rate through mucus; also, it provided faster drug permeation across excised rat intestine. Conclusion Carrier adhesion to mucus surface has played a most important role in favoring transepithelial permeation. Then, within the concerns of the present study, the use of NP seems not to provide any determinant advantage over using the simpler macromolecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federica Chiellini
- BIOLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Danesi DT, Spanò M, Antonini F, Altavista P, Catalano P, Cordelli E, Pasqualetti P, Santacroce C, Toscano MG, Mecozzi A, Fabiano A. Flow Cytometric and Immunohistochemical Correlations in High Incidence Human Solid Tumors. Tumori 2018; 83:689-97. [PMID: 9267490 DOI: 10.1177/030089169708300313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
475 patients with carcinoma at different sites (141 colon-rectum; 102 breast; 50 stomach; 48 kidney; 46 head and neck; 41 bladder; 47 other sites) submitted to surgery have been analyzed after histopathological staging and grading, by flow cytometry (monoparametric DNA content analysis) and immunohistochemistry (p53, c-erbB-2, and PCNA expression). In breast cancer patients the presence of receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PGR) has also been determined. Flow cytometry-derived parameters were DNA ploidy, fraction of cells in S-phase (SPF), and DNA content heterogeneity (multiclonal stem cell lines with different DNA index and/or more than one subpopulations with different ploidy levels in different samples from the same tumor). Correlations of the results obtained by the different techniques have been attempted by the non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation approach. Significant associations (P «0.05) were found between the histopathological, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric parameters considered in some anatomical regions, such as stomach (p53 vs DNA content aneuploidy and vs heterogeneity), colon-rectum (TNM vs p53 and vs heterogeneity), bladder (grading vs DNA content aneuploidy and vs heterogeneity). Tumor heterogeneity proved to be dependent on the number of tumor samples taken. The results of this preliminary assessment will subsequently be compared with the data obtained from a currently ongoing follow-up survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Danesi
- Sezione di Tossicologia e Scienze Biomediche, ENEA CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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26
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Piras AM, Zambito Y, Burgalassi S, Monti D, Tampucci S, Terreni E, Fabiano A, Balzano F, Uccello-Barretta G, Chetoni P. A water-soluble, mucoadhesive quaternary ammonium chitosan-methyl-β-cyclodextrin conjugate forming inclusion complexes with dexamethasone. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2018; 29:42. [PMID: 29603020 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ocular bioavailability of lipophilic drugs, such as dexamethasone, depends on both drug water solubility and mucoadhesion/permeation. Cyclodextrins and chitosan are frequently employed to either improve drug solubility or prolong drug contact onto mucosae, respectively. Although the covalent conjugation of cyclodextrin and chitosan brings to mucoadhesive drug complexes, their water solubility is restricted to acidic pHs. This paper describes a straightforward grafting of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) on quaternary ammonium chitosan (QA-Ch60), mediated by hexamethylene diisocyanate. The resulting product is a water-soluble chitosan derivative, having a 10-atom long spacer between the quaternized chitosan and the cyclodextrin. The derivative is capable of complexing the model drug dexamethasone and stable complexes were also observed for the lyophilized products. Furthermore, the conjugate preserves the mucoadhesive properties typical of quaternized chitosan and its safety as solubilizing excipient for ophthalmic applications was preliminary assessed by in vitro cytotoxicity evaluations. Taken as a whole, the observed features appear promising for future processing of the developed product into 3D solid forms, such as controlled drug delivery systems, films or drug eluting medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terreni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Balzano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Uccello-Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Sylos-Labini F, Magnani S, Cappellini G, La Scaleia V, Fabiano A, Picone S, Paolillo P, Di Paolo A, Lacquaniti F, Ivanenko Y. Corrigendum: Foot Placement Characteristics and Plantar Pressure Distribution Patterns during Stepping on Ground in Neonates. Front Physiol 2017; 8:973. [PMID: 29206246 PMCID: PMC5711852 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Sylos-Labini
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - S. Magnani
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Cappellini
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - V. La Scaleia
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - A. Fabiano
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Picone
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P. Paolillo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Di Paolo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale San Giovanni, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Lacquaniti
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Y. Ivanenko
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Y. Ivanenko
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28
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Fabiano A, Brilli E, Fogli S, Beconcini D, Carpi S, Tarantino G, Zambito Y. Sucrosomial® iron absorption studied by in vitro and ex-vivo models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 111:425-431. [PMID: 29055735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comparative evaluation of different oral ferric iron formulations for ability to retain Fe3+ in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), be internalized by cells lining intestinal epithelium, and cross it to reach the bloodstream. In all formulations iron was ferric pyrophosphate, the excipients were different types and fractions of lecithin plus sucrose esters of fatty acids matrix (Sideral® RM; PRT1; PRT2) or lecithin without sucrester (SUN). Dissolution kinetics of formulations in SGF was studied by USP method. The ability of the formulations to promote iron intestinal absorption was evaluated by the Caco-2 cell model, measuring cellular ferritin content, and by the excised rat intestine model, yielding apparent permeability parameters (Papp). All formulations limited iron release in SGF to ≤10%. Sideral® RM was by far the most absorbed by Caco-2, as ferritin content was in the order: Sideral® RM≫PRT2>PRT1>SUN>control. The Fe3+ crossing the intestinal barrier was in part reduced to Fe2+ by epithelial enzymes, in part it was carried by formulation rearrangement into nano-structures able to protect it from reduction and apt for internalization by epithelium cells. Papp parameters were in the order: Sideral® RM≫PRT1>PRT2>SUN=control. Relevance of transepithelial Fe2+carrier, DMT-1, to Fe3+ transport was ruled out using a DMT-1 inhibitor. In conclusion, Sideral® RM retains iron in SGF, and is the most suitable for Fe3+ internalization by Caco-2 cells, Fe3+ protection from enzymatic reduction and promotion of Fe3+ absorption across intestinal epithelium, non-mediated by DMT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Sylos-Labini F, Magnani S, Cappellini G, La Scaleia V, Fabiano A, Picone S, Paolillo P, Di Paolo A, Lacquaniti F, Ivanenko Y. Foot Placement Characteristics and Plantar Pressure Distribution Patterns during Stepping on Ground in Neonates. Front Physiol 2017; 8:784. [PMID: 29066982 PMCID: PMC5641324 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stepping on ground can be evoked in human neonates, though it is rather irregular and stereotyped heel-to-toe roll-over pattern is lacking. Such investigations can provide insights into the role of contact- or load-related proprioceptive feedback during early development of locomotion. However, the detailed characteristics of foot placements and their association with motor patterns are still incompletely documented. We elicited stepping in 33 neonates supported on a table. Unilateral limb kinematics, bilateral plantar pressure distribution and EMG activity from up to 11 ipsilateral leg muscles were recorded. Foot placement characteristics in neonates showed a wide variation. In ~25% of steps, the swinging foot stepped onto the contralateral foot due to generally small step width. In the remaining steps with separate foot placements, the stance phase could start with forefoot (28%), midfoot (47%), or heel (25%) touchdowns. Despite forefoot or heel initial contacts, the kinematic and loading patterns markedly differed relatively to toe-walking or adult-like two-peaked vertical force profile. Furthermore, while the general stepping parameters (cycle duration, step length, range of motion of proximal joints) were similar, the initial foot contact was consistently associated with specific center-of-pressure excursion, range of motion in the ankle joint, and the center-of-activity of extensor muscles (being shifted by ~5% of cycle toward the end of stance in the "heel" relative to "forefoot" condition). In sum, we found a variety of footfall patterns in conjunction with associated changes in motor patterns. These findings suggest the potential contribution of load-related proprioceptive feedback and/or the expression of variations in the locomotor program already during early manifestations of stepping on ground in human babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sylos-Labini
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - S Magnani
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Cappellini
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - V La Scaleia
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - A Fabiano
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S Picone
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P Paolillo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Di Paolo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale San Giovanni, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lacquaniti
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Y Ivanenko
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Fabiano A, Bizzarri R, Zambito Y. Thermosensitive hydrogel based on chitosan and its derivatives containing medicated nanoparticles for transcorneal administration of 5-fluorouracil. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:633-643. [PMID: 28144144 PMCID: PMC5248944 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermosensitive ophthalmic hydrogel (TSOH) – fluid at 4°C (instillation temperature), semisolid at 35°C (eye temperature), which coupled the dosing accuracy and administration ease of eyedrops with the increased ocular bioavailability of a hydrogel – was prepared by gelling a chitosan hydrochloride (ChHCl) solution (27.8 mg/mL) medicated with 1.25 mg/mL 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with β-glycerophosphate 0.8 mg/mL. Polymer mixtures, where Ch was partially (10%, 15%, or 20%) replaced by quaternary ammonium–chitosan conjugates (QA-Ch) or thiolated derivatives thereof, were also used to modulate 5-FU-release properties of TSOH. Also, Ch-based nanoparticles (NPs; size after lyophilization and redispersion 341.5±15.2 nm, polydispersity 0.315±0.45, ζ-potential 10.21 mV) medicated with 1.25 mg/mL 5-FU prepared by ionotropic cross-linking of Ch with hyaluronan were introduced into TSOH. The 5-FU binding by TSOH polymers in the sol state was maximum with plain Ch (31.4%) and tended to decrease with increasing QA presence in polymer mixture. 5-FU release from TSOH with or without NPs was diffusion-controlled and linear in √t. The different TSOH polymers were compared on a diffusivity basis by comparing the slopes of √t plots. These showed a general decrease with NP-containing TSOH, which was the most marked with the TSOH, where Ch was 20% replaced by the derivative QA-Ch50. This formulation and that not containing NP were instilled in rabbits and the 5-FU transcorneal penetration was measured by analyzing the aqueous humor. Both TSOH solutions increased the area under the curve (0–8 hours) 3.5 times compared with the plain eyedrops, but maximum concentration for the NP-free TSOH was about 0.65 µg/mL, followed by a slow decline, while the NP-containing one showed a plateau (0.25–0.3 µg/mL) in a time interval of 0.5–7 hours. This is ascribed to the ability of this TSOH to control drug release to a zero order and that of NPs to be internalized by corneal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranieri Bizzarri
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR (CNR-NANO) and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
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Rivers C, Tranquilli M, Winograd E, Elmarzouky R, Plunkett R, Fenstermaker R, Fabiano A, Podgorsak M, Prasad D. Preservation of Normal Brain Tissue in Patients With Multiple Metastatic Lesions Using Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fabiano A, Calzavara-Pinton P, Monari P, Moggio E, Pellacani G, Manganoni A, Gualdi G. Eruptive squamous cell carcinomas with keratoacanthoma-like features in a patient treated with ruxolitinib. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1098-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Fabiano
- Dermatology Unit; Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Via Del Pozzo 71 Modena 40124 Italy
| | - P. Calzavara-Pinton
- Dermatology Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Spedali Civili; Brescia Italy
| | - P. Monari
- Dermatology Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Spedali Civili; Brescia Italy
| | - E. Moggio
- Dermatology Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Spedali Civili; Brescia Italy
| | - G. Pellacani
- Dermatology Unit; Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Via Del Pozzo 71 Modena 40124 Italy
| | - A.M. Manganoni
- Dermatology Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Spedali Civili; Brescia Italy
| | - G. Gualdi
- Dermatology Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Spedali Civili; Brescia Italy
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Ardigò M, Agozzino M, Longo C, Lallas A, Di Lernia V, Fabiano A, Conti A, Sperduti I, Argenziano G, Berardesca E, Pellacani G. Reflectance confocal microscopy for plaque psoriasis therapeutic follow-up during an anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody: an observational multicenter study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:2363-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ardigò
- Department of Clinical Dermatology; San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - M. Agozzino
- Department of Clinical Dermatology; San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - C. Longo
- Dermatology Unit; Arcispedale ASMN; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - A. Lallas
- Dermatology Unit; Arcispedale ASMN; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - V. Di Lernia
- Dermatology Unit; Arcispedale ASMN; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - A. Fabiano
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - A. Conti
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - I. Sperduti
- Biostatistical Unit; Scientific Direction; San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - G. Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - E. Berardesca
- Department of Clinical Dermatology; San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - G. Pellacani
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
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Abstract
CONTEXT Mucoadhesive nanoparticles were compared with non-aggregated constituent polymers for effect on pre-corneal residence of dexamethasone phosphate (DP) or met-enkephalin (ME), administered by eye-drops to rabbits. OBJECTIVE Deepening the knowledge of ophthalmic nanoparticulate systems in terms of ability to prolong pre-corneal residence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medicated nanoparticles resulted from gelation of quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugate or its thiolated derivative with hyaluronan in the presence of drug. Particles were analyzed by light scattering. Dialysis removed non-encapsulated drug, dynamic dialysis measured drug-polymer interactions, and lyophilization-stabilized product. Dispersions were regenerated from lyophilized products. Also solutions of non-thiolated or thiolated chitosan derivative were administered. Mean drug residence time (MRT) in tears was determined by collecting samples from lower marginal tear strip of albino rabbits using capillaries. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Nanoparticle size of regenerated dispersions was 400-430 nm (DP-systems), 360-370 nm (ME-systems); the drug content was 2.5 mg/mL (DP) or 0.3 mg/mL (ME). The MRT for DP nanoparticles from non-thiolated derivative was higher than that for non-aggregated polymer, due to stronger concurrent interactions of positively charged nanoparticles with ocular surface and drug. Thiolated polymer nanoparticles and non-aggregated parent polymer, both interacting weakly with DP, showed similar MRT values. The MRT of ME could only be enhanced by protecting drug from enzymatic hydrolysis. This was done by nanoparticle systems, whereas non-aggregated polymers were ineffective. CONCLUSION Developing a nanoparticle system rather than a solution of mucoadhesive polymer, for prolonging pre-corneal residence, is convenient, provided nanoparticles interact strongly with both ocular surface and drug, or protect drug from metabolic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fabiano
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Ylenia Zambito
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Felice F, Zambito Y, Belardinelli E, Fabiano A, Santoni T, Di Stefano R. Effect of different chitosan derivatives on in vitro scratch wound assay: a comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:236-41. [PMID: 25748846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies have been developed to make the wound-healing process faster and less painful. Recently, numerous studies demonstrated the ability of chitosan to accelerate wound healing. Aim of the present study has been to evaluate the effect of different chitosan derivatives to improve wound healing process. Quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugates with low or high molecular weight (MW) and their thiolated derivatives effect were studied on human skin fibroblasts in terms of viability and migration (scratch wound assay). Results were compared both with basal medium (untreated cells) and with a positive control (chitosan chlorhydrate). After 24h both high and low MW chitosan derivatives were non-toxic up to 10 μg/ml. The concentration of 10 μg/ml was used for wound healing experiments. High-MW quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugates bearing thiol groups on their chains were more effective in promoting cell migration than the non-thiolated conjugates and the chitosan chlorhydrate. Moreover, they significantly improve wound healing process compared to untreated cells. According to the present in vitro preliminary results, high MW thiolated quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugates can be considered good candidates for the management of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felice
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ester Belardinelli
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tatiana Santoni
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Stefano
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Seidenari S, Ferrari C, Borsari S, Fabiano A, Bassoli S, Giusti F, Ponti G, Magnoni C. Dermoscopy of small melanomas: just miniaturized dermoscopy? Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1006-13. [PMID: 23909951 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small malignant melanomas (MMs) are usually MMs in an initial growth phase, deserving attention by the clinician aiming at an early diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To identify clues for early diagnosis of small MMs, by comparing the dermoscopic features of MMs < 4 mm (micromelanomas) with those of larger MMs. METHODS Our database consists of dermoscopic images of 482 MMs, which have been retrieved and measured digitally. The ABCD (asymmetry, border, colour, dimension) and 7-point criteria were evaluated for the whole database by three expert dermoscopists, whereas the main dermoscopic pattern was assessed only for micromelanomas. The dermoscopic aspects were correlated to clinical and histological features. RESULTS Most 7-point and ABCD scores, and criteria referring to micromelanomas, differed from those of the MM database as a whole. Lesion asymmetry, number of colours, blue-whitish veil, atypical vessels, irregular globules/dots and regression increased according to MM diameter. An inverse trend was observed for atypical network and irregular pigmentation, which were more frequently observed in micromelanomas than in larger ones. Among the 22 micromelanomas, 12 lesions were in situ, whereas the other 10 were 0·2-2 mm thick. The clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of the two groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS Micromelanomas are not a rarity. However, the clinician should be aware of the fact that the majority of them lack most of the dermoscopic features presented by larger lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seidenari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Uccello-Barretta G, Balzano F, Aiello F, Senatore A, Fabiano A, Zambito Y. Mucoadhesivity and release properties of quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugates and their nanoparticulate supramolecular aggregates: an NMR investigation. Int J Pharm 2013; 461:489-94. [PMID: 24368100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective relaxation rate measurements effectively proved the affinity of dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt for quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugates, their thiolated derivatives and the corresponding nanostructured aggregates. Affinity was also probed by dynamic dialysis. The release profile of dexamethasone loaded nanoparticles was defined by quantitative NMR and interrupted dialysis experiments, and mucoadhesivity of empty nanoparticles was effectively probed by selective relaxation rate measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Uccello-Barretta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Balzano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Aiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Senatore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Felice F, Zambito Y, Belardinelli E, D'Onofrio C, Fabiano A, Balbarini A, Di Stefano R. Delivery of natural polyphenols by polymeric nanoparticles improves the resistance of endothelial progenitor cells to oxidative stress. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:393-9. [PMID: 23988846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) circulate into peripheral blood and significantly contribute to neo-vascularisation and re-endothelialisation as part of the process of vascular repair. Several studies have reported decreased EPC number in the presence of oxidative stress. Aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of mucoadhesive polymeric nanoparticles as a delivery system of natural products able to protect EPCs from oxidative stress. METHODS The total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of red grape seed extract (GSE) either pre-veraison (p-GSE) or ripe (r-GSE) were measured. Cell viability was evaluated by WST-1 assay. Nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic crosslinking of two structurally different thiolated quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugates. A hyaluronic acid solution, containing p-GSE or r-GSE, was added to a stirred solution of each of the two chitosan derivatives to obtain p- or r-GSE loaded nanoparticles (NP) of two types. RESULTS Both GSE types demonstrated strong antioxidant capacity. p-GSE showed a higher content in total polyphenols compared to r-GSE. NP size was in the 310-340 nm range, with 24 h stability, and nearly 100% encapsulation efficiency for both GSE types. NP were internalized by cells to an extent related directly with their surface charge intensity. GSE-NP uptake significantly improved cell viability and resistance to oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Nanotechnology has a great potential in nutraceutical delivery. The present results suggest that NP is a highly promising polyphenol carrier system particularly useful to protect EPCs from oxidative stress, thus improving their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felice
- University of Pisa, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, via Paradisa, 2 Pisa, Italy.
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Zambito Y, Felice F, Fabiano A, Di Stefano R, Di Colo G. Mucoadhesive nanoparticles made of thiolated quaternary chitosan crosslinked with hyaluronan. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:33-9. [PMID: 23218262 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive polymeric nanoparticles intended for drug transport across the gastrointestinal mucosa were prepared from quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugates synthesised from reduced-MW chitosan (32 kDa). Conjugates contained pendant moieties of 2-4 adjacent diethyl-dimethylene-ammonium groups substituted on repeating units (26-55%). Conjugates were thiolated via amide bonds with thioglycolic acid to yield products with thiol content in the 35-87 μmol/g range. Nanoparticles with mean size in the 270-370 nm range and positive zeta-potential (+3.7 to +12.5 mV) resulted from ionotropic gelation of the thiolated conjugates with de-polymerised hyaluronic acid (470 kDa). The nanoparticles were fairly stable in size and thiol content and showed a significant mucoadhesivity, matching and even exceeding that of the constituent polymers. Nanoparticles were internalised by endothelial progenitor cells in direct relation to their surface charge intensity. Nanoparticle uptake significantly improved cell viability and resistance to oxidation. The lyophilised nanoparticles were re-dispersible and could make a manageable formulation for oral use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Mondì V, Di Paolo A, Fabiano A, Cicchese M, De Merulis G, Giannini C, Del Principe D. Combined thrombolytic therapy for atrial thrombus in a preterm infant. Minerva Pediatr 2011; 63:115-118. [PMID: 21487375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Intracardiac thrombosis is a rare event in newborn (5.1 per 100000 live births). It is associated with an high morbidity and mortality. Most of intracardiac thrombi are related to intravascular catheterism. The use of thrombolytic therapy in neonates has rapidly improved in the last few years, particularly with the introduction of more clot-selective second-generation agents like urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. In literature there is no therapeutic trial concerning the pharmacological approach of atrial thrombosis in newborns; different approaches are described in the case reports present in literature. In all of them, tissue plasminogen activator or urokinase are alternatively administered. In no case report urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator are administered in a combined thrombolytic therapy. Combined thrombolytic therapy with urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator, in association with low-dose heparin, allows the use of lower drug doses, less therapy's duration and a rapid resolution of thrombus. Thormbolytic therapy is sometimes complicated with hemorrhagic complications. This article describes the case of a preterm infant (25 weeks of gestational age) with peduncolate thrombus in the right atrium, treated with combined thrombolytic therapy. The authors noticed a rapid decrease in thrombus dimension, no thrombus replacement and no organ bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mondì
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tor Vergata, Sant Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy
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De Luca D, Picone S, Fabiano A, Paolillo P. Images in neonatal medicine. Bronze baby syndrome: pictorial description of a rare condition. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2010; 95:F325. [PMID: 20530102 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2010.185207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D De Luca
- Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Casilino General Hospital, ASL-RMB, Via Casilina 1088, 00169 Rome, Italy.
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Fazio G, Vitello D, D'Angelo L, Visconti C, Trapani R, Fabiano A, Di Gesaro G, Novo G, Novo S. Cardiac involvement in Friedreich's ataxia: our experience. Minerva Cardioangiol 2009; 57:269-270. [PMID: 19274034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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43
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Fazio G, Novo G, Evola G, Sutera L, Trapani R, Fabiano A, D'angelo L, Visconti C, Lunetta M, Indovina G, Ferrara F, Novo S. Motion Index: a new parameter to evaluate the diastole by M-Mode imaging. Minerva Cardioangiol 2009; 57:23-27. [PMID: 19202517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Heart failure with normal left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction is commonly understood as diastolic heart failure because this expression implies the presence of LV diastolic dysfunction diagnosed by specific echocardiographic findings, such as slow LV relaxation and increased LV stiffness. In this work the authors propose a new parameter named Motion Index, which is measurable by M-Mode technique and it is likely linked to diastolic dysfunction. METHODS A patient population composed by 134 subjects was enrolled. They all were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II. Echocardiogram carried out in all patients allowed the authors to distinguish 2 patient arms depending on the presence or absence of diastolic dysfunction, evaluated by flow Doppler and tissue Doppler. RESULTS After carrying out every echocardiographic examination, the authors also measured the new parameter that called Motion Index, and found that it had an average value of 46 in patients with normal diastolic function and 33.5 in patients with diastolic dysfunction. This parameter did not depend on systolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained showed a statistically significant correlation between Motion Index and means of diastolic function assessed by both flow and tissue Doppler.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fazio
- Unit of Cardiology, Paolo Giaccone Policlinic, Palermo, Italy.
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Abstract
This review focuses on the morphological features of atherosclerosis and the involvement of oxidative stress in the initiation and progression of this disease. There is now consensus that atherosclerosis represents a state of heightened oxidative stress characterized by lipid and protein in the vascular wall. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key mediators of signaling pathways that underlie vascular inflammation in atherogenesis, starting from the initiation of fatty streak development, through lesion progression, to ultimate plaque rupture. Plaque rupture and thrombosis result in the acute clinical complications of myocardial infarction and stroke. Many data support the notion that ROS released from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XO), lipoxygenase (LO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and enhanced ROS production from dysfunctional mitochondrial respiratory chain, indeed, have a causatory role in atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Moreover, oxidative modifications in the arterial wall can contribute to the arteriosclerosis when the balance between oxidants and antioxidants shifts in favour of the former. Therefore, it is important to consider sources of oxidants in the context of available antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase and transferases thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases and peroxiredoxins. Here, we review also the mechanisms in which they are involved in order to accelerate the pace of the discovery and facilitate development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonomini
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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45
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Landriscina M, Bagalà C, Piscazzi A, Quirino M, Maiorano N, Schinzari G, Fabiano A, Cassano A, Barone C. Nevirapine restores hormone sensitivity in undifferentiated androgen-refractory prostate carcinoma cells. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
13149 Background: The majority of prostate carcinomas are hormone-dependent tumors and androgen deprivation is the mainstay of therapy for advanced prostate cancer. However, androgen deprivation is ineffective on intermediate androgen-independent cells that are responsible for the hormone-refractory prostate cancer progression. Furthermore, other signaling pathways - i.e. EGF - can provide additional molecular mechanisms contributing to androgen-independent tumor progression. Reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors represent differentiating agents able to induce a reprogramming of gene expression in several human tumor cell models. Indeed, nevirapine and efavirenz, two widely used RT inhibitors, block the activity of endogenous RT, a gene highly expressed in tumor cells. Methods: We evaluated the ability of nevirapine to antagonize tumor growth and induce hormone sensitivity in androgen-independent human prostate tumor PC-3 cells either in vitro or in vivo. Results: Nevirapine induced the expression of several molecular markers of an androgen-dependent phenotype, such androgen receptor (AR), PSA and K18 and a reduced expression of K5, a marker of the intermediate-cell phenotype. Indeed, nevirapine enhanced the ability of prostate tumor cells to up-regulate AR in response to dihidrotestosterone. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of RT resulted in a significant reprogramming of gene expression, characterized by down-regulation of the notch family receptors, the EGFR1, the VEGF receptor KDR, the FGF family receptors, as well as the angiogenic factors VEGF and FGF1. Interestingly, this exocrine differentiated phenotype correlated with a reversible inhibition of cell proliferation and migration in response to nevirapine. Furthermore, the treatment of mice xenografts of prostate carcinoma cells with efavirenz and nevirapine resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth and in a reduced tumorigenic potential of cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that RT inhibition is able to convert the androgen-independent intermediate-cell phenotype into an androgen-dependent exocrine luminal phenotype and support the need for clinical trials to test the ability of RT inhibitors and LH-RH analogs in androgen-independent prostate tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Landriscina
- University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Bagalà
- University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Piscazzi
- University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Quirino
- University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - N. Maiorano
- University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Schinzari
- University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Fabiano
- University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Cassano
- University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Barone
- University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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46
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Cristi E, Perrone G, Toscano G, Verzì A, Nori S, Santini D, Tonini G, Vetrani A, Fabiano A, Rabitti C. Tumour proliferation, angiogenesis, and ploidy status in human colon cancer. J Clin Pathol 2006; 58:1170-4. [PMID: 16254106 PMCID: PMC1770760 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.025536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tumour angiogenesis is essential for carcinogenesis and facilitates the process of tumour development and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a well characterised angiogenetic factor and is known to play a crucial role in new vessel development. To gain further insight into the effects of microvessel density and VEGF expression in colon cancer, their relation with tumour proliferation, ploidy status, and p53 expression was investigated in colon cancer. METHODS Tissue samples of 50 archived colon cancers were analysed by immunohistochemistry for VEGF, p53, and the endothelial cell marker, von Willebrand factor (VWF), using specific antibodies. The same samples were re-cut for flow cytometric studies to obtain S phase fraction (SPF) and ploidy status. RESULTS A positive significant correlation was found between SPF and angiogenesis. The median microvessel count in high SPF tumours was significantly higher than in low SPF ones. No association was found between VEGF expression and SPF. A positive correlation was found between ploidy status and p53 expression and microvessel count. Furthermore, a positive correlation was established between DNA ploidy, VEGF expression, and microvessel count. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that in colon cancer, tumour growth may be stimulated by vascular supply, and the lack of a correlation between tumour cell proliferation and VEGF expression indicates that these two parameters may be regulated by separate mechanisms. Furthermore, the positive correlation between microvessel density, VEGF expression, and ploidy status provides more evidence that genetic alterations are involved in tumour angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cristi
- Surgical Pathology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Emilio Longoni, Rome 83 00155, Italy
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Russo S, Fabiano A, Bruno R, Caldera D, Tosetti F, Neri G. DIAGNOSI DI INFEZIONE DA CHLAMYDIA T.: CONFRONTO TRA METODI IFA E PCR; IMPATTO SUI COSTI CLINICI. Microbiol Med 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2005.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Migliore G, Rossi E, Aldovini A, Mudu P, Alderisio M, Giovagnoli MR, Fabiano A, Morosini PL, Branca M. Variation in the assessment of adequacy in cervical smears. Cytopathology 2001; 12:377-82. [PMID: 11843939 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2303.2001.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the interobserver reproducibility of the diagnosis of 'adequacy' of cervical smears according to the Bethesda System criteria in cervical smears. STUDY DESIGN 358 cervical smears were obtained from three Italian cytopathological centres in 1998-99. All centres provided consecutively collected smears. The cervical smears were independently and blindly assessed by four cytologists. The screening was performed using a 10x objective and an additional evaluation of the percentage of cellularity was performed using a 4x objective. RESULTS The proportion of smears assessed by the four cytologists as 'adequate' ranged from 60% to 70%, the proportion of 'satisfactory for evaluation but limited by' ranged from 27% to 38%, and the proportion of 'inadequate smears' ranged from 2% to 4%. Full agreement in the assessment of smear adequacy was observed in 311 slides and disagreement was observed only in 47. The category 'inadequate smear' was less reliable than the other two; however, the kappa value observed was acceptable. CONCLUSION The present study shows that it is possible to achieve a high reproducibility in the assessment of smear adequacy, at least among expert cytologists who follow the Bethesda System criteria strictly.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Migliore
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cytopathology Unit, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Although immunohistochemistry is routinely performed by many pathology laboratories, its standardization still lags behind. A major cause of variation in the reproducibility of immunohistochemical staining is induced by tissue fixation and, to a lesser degree, tissue processing. This report, stemming from the first meeting of the International Consensus Group on Standardization and Quality Control (ICGSQC) in Nice, France, summarizes the problem and suggests solutions to begin to achieve standardization of fixation and processing. Most laboratories use neutral-buffered formalin (10%) for tissue fixation which introduces cross-links, whereas coagulative fixatives are less popular. Problems with formalin fixation comprise delay of fixation and variations in the duration of the fixation mainly. Solutions to these problems could be to start fixation soon (<30 min) after surgical removal of the tissue and to avoid overfixation (>24-48 hrs). For tissue processing, the most important problem is inadequate tissue dehydration prior to paraffin embedding. This can be prevented by preparing all solutions freshly every week, depending on the volume of tissue processed. If consistently applied, these procedures could eliminate some of the sources of variation in immunohistochemical stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Werner
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
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Danesi DT, Spanò M, Fabiano A, Altavista P, Pasqualetti P, Toscano MG, Antonini F, Catalano P, Mecozzi A, Picconi A, Daffinà A, Cucchiara G. Flow cytometric DNA ploidy, p53, PCNA, and c-erbB-2 protein expressions as predictors of survival in surgically resected gastric cancer patients. Cytometry 2000; 42:27-34. [PMID: 10679740 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(20000215)42:1<27::aid-cyto5>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine retrospectively the impact of some cytometric and immunohistochemical parameters on the overall survival of gastric cancer patients treated with surgery alone, paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 137 gastric carcinoma patients undergoing curative resection from 1987-1993 were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry (p53, c-erbB-2, and PCNA expression). FCM-derived parameters were DNA ploidy and fraction of S-phase cells (SPF). Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine the prognostic significance of the conventional clinicopathologic findings together with the flow cytometric and immunohistochemical parameters on overall survival. When all parameters were entered simultaneously into the Cox regression model, stage and DNA ploidy (DNA index >1.35) clearly emerged as the only independent prognostic factors. When the stages were analysed separately, the independent prognostic factors resulted DNA ploidy in early stages (I-II) and grading in stage IIIA tumors. For stage IIIB tumors, no independent prognostic factor was found. These results indicate that the DNA ploidy pattern is a valuable predictor of survival in curatively resected gastric cancer patients, especially when less advanced tumors are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Danesi
- Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, ENEA CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy.
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