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Hernández-Durán M, Colín-Castro CA, Fernández-Rodríguez D, Delgado G, Morales-Espinosa R, Martínez-Zavaleta MG, Shekhar C, Ortíz-Álvarez J, García-Contreras R, Franco-Cendejas R, López-Jácome LE. Inside-out, antimicrobial resistance mediated by efflux pumps in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn wound infections. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01461-4. [PMID: 39044104 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii belongs to the ESKAPE group. It is classified as a critical priority group by the World Health Organization and a global concern on account of its capacity to acquire and develop resistance mechanisms to multiple antibiotics. Data from the United States indicates 500 deaths annually. Resistance mechanisms of this bacterium include enzymatic pathways such as ß-lactamases, carbapenemases, and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, decreased permeability, and overexpression of efflux pumps. A. baumannii has been demonstrated to possess efflux pumps, which are classified as members of the MATE family, RND and MFS superfamilies, and SMR transporters. The aim of our work was to assess the distribution of efflux pumps and their regulatory gene expression in clinical strains of A. baumannii isolated from burned patients. METHODS: From the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra collection in Mexico, 199 strains were selected. Antibiotics susceptibilities were performed by broth microdilutions to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations. Phenotypic assays with efflux pump inhibitors were conducted using carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and phenylalanine-arginine ß-naphthylamide (PAßN) in conjunction with amikacin, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem and levofloxacin. A search was conducted for structural genes that are linked to efflux pumps, and the relative expression of the adeR, adeS, and adeL genes was analyzed. RESULTS: Among a total of 199 strains, 186 exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Fluoroquinolones demonstrated the highest resistance rates, while minocycline and amikacin displayed comparatively reduced resistance rates (1.5 and 28.1, respectively). The efflux activity of fluorquinolones exhibited the highest phenotypic detection (from 85 to 100%), while IMP demonstrated the lowest activity of 27% with PAßN and 43.3% with CCCP. Overexpression was observed in adeS and adeL, with adeR exhibiting overexpression. Concluding that clinical strains of A. baumannii from our institution exhibited efflux pumps as one of the resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hernández-Durán
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, División de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Adriana Colín-Castro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, División de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Fernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, División de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM) MD/PhD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Delgado
- Laboratorio de Genómica Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Morales-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Genómica Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Martínez-Zavaleta
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, División de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chandra Shekhar
- College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - Jossue Ortíz-Álvarez
- Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Programa "Investigadoras E Investigadores Por México". Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Franco-Cendejas
- Biomedical Research Subdirection, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Esaú López-Jácome
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, División de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Klenotic PA, Yu EW. Structural analysis of resistance-nodulation cell division transporters. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0019823. [PMID: 38551344 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00198-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYInfectious bacteria have both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms to combat harmful biocides that enter the cell. Through adaptive pressures, many of these pathogens have become resistant to many, if not all, of the current antibiotics used today to treat these often deadly infections. One prominent mechanism is the upregulation of efflux systems, especially the resistance-nodulation-cell division class of exporters. These tripartite systems consist of an inner membrane transporter coupled with a periplasmic adaptor protein and an outer membrane channel to efficiently transport a diverse array of substrates from inside the cell to the extracellular space. Detailed mechanistic insight into how these inner membrane transporters recognize and shuttle their substrates can ultimately inform both new antibiotic and efflux pump inhibitor design. This review examines the structural basis of substrate recognition of these pumps and the molecular mechanisms underlying multidrug extrusion, which in turn mediate antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Klenotic
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward W Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Xia Z, Zhou J, Gao N, Li G, Liu R, Lu G, Shen J. AcrAB-TolC efflux pump overexpression and tet(A) gene mutation increase tigecycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:233. [PMID: 38842631 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Tigecycline-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (TNSKP) is increasing and has emerged as a global public health issue. However, the mechanism of tigecycline resistance remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential role of efflux pump system in tigecycline resistance. 29 tigecycline-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (TNSKP) strains were collected and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. The ramR, acrR, rpsJ, tet(A), and tet(X) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA expression of different efflux pump genes and regulator genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. Additionally, KP14 was selected for genome sequencing. KP14 genes without acrB, oqxB, and TetA were modified using suicide plasmids and MIC of tigecycline of KP14 with target genes knocked out was investigated. It was found that MIC of tigecycline of 20 out of the 29 TNSKP strains decreased by over four folds once combined with phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide dihydrochloride (PaβN). Most strains exhibited upregulation of AcrAB and oqxAB efflux pumps. The strains with acrB, oqxB, and tetA genes knocked out were constructed, wherein the MIC of tigecycline of KP14∆acrB and KP14∆tetA was observed to be 2 µg/mL (decreased by 16 folds), the MIC of tigecycline of KP14ΔacrBΔTetA was 0.25 µg/mL (decreased by 128 folds), but the MIC of tigecycline of KP14∆oqxB remained unchanged at 32 µg/mL. The majority of TNSKP strains demonstrated increased expression of AcrAB-TolC and oqxAB, while certain strains showed mutations in other genes associated with tigecycline resistance. In KP14, both overexpression of AcrAB-TolC and tet(A) gene mutation contributed to the mechanism of tigecycline resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nana Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Runde Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Anhui Medical University Affiliated Fuyang Hospital, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Jilu Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Sarkar S, Kumari A, Tiwari M, Tiwari V. Interaction and simulation studies suggest the possible molecular targets of intrinsically disordered amyloidogenic antimicrobial peptides in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2747-2764. [PMID: 37144752 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2208219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the causing agents of nosocomial infections. A wide range of antibiotics fails to work against these pathogens. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to develop other therapeutics to solve this problem. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse group of naturally occurring peptides that have the ability to kill diverse groups of microorganisms. The major challenge of using AMPs as therapeutics is their unstable nature and the fact that most of their molecular targets are still unknown. In this study, we have selected intrinsically disordered and amyloidogenic AMPs, showing activity against A. baumannii, that is, Bactenecin, Cath BF, Citropin 1.1, DP7, NA-CATH, Tachyplesin, and WAM-1. To identify the probable target of these AMPs in A. baumannii, calculation of docking score, binding energy, dissociation constant, and molecular dynamics analysis was performed with selected seventeen possible molecular targets. The result showed that the most probable molecular targets of most of the intrinsically disordered amyloidogenic AMPs were UDP-N-acetylenol-pyruvoyl-glucosamine reductase (MurB), followed by 33-36 kDa outer membrane protein (Omp 33-36), UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamate-2,6-diaminopimelate ligase (MurE), and porin Subfamily Protein (PorinSubF). Further, molecular dynamics analysis concluded that the target of antimicrobial peptide Bactenecin is MurB of A. baumannii, and identified other molecular targets of selected AMPs. Additionally, the oligomerization capacity of the selected AMPs was also investigated, and it was shown that the selected AMPs form oligomeric states, and interact with their molecular targets in that state. Experimental validation using purified AMPs and molecular targets needs to be done to confirm the interaction.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Aruna Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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Ferrando N, Pino-Otín MR, Ballestero D, Lorca G, Terrado EM, Langa E. Enhancing Commercial Antibiotics with Trans-Cinnamaldehyde in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: An In Vitro Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:192. [PMID: 38256746 PMCID: PMC10820649 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
One strategy to mitigate the emergence of bacterial resistance involves reducing antibiotic doses by combining them with natural products, such as trans-cinnamaldehyde (CIN). The objective of this research was to identify in vitro combinations (CIN + commercial antibiotic (ABX)) that decrease the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seven antibiotics against 14 different Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, most of them classified as ESKAPE. MIC values were measured for all compounds using the broth microdilution method. The effect of the combinations on these microorganisms was analyzed through the checkboard assay to determine the type of activity (synergy, antagonism, or addition). This analysis was complemented with a kinetic study of the synergistic combinations. Fifteen synergistic combinations were characterized for nine of the tested bacteria. CIN demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the MIC of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin (94-98%) when tested on Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella aerogenes, and Salmonella enterica, respectively. The kinetic study revealed that when the substances were tested alone at the MIC concentration observed in the synergistic combination, bacterial growth was not inhibited. However, when CIN and the ABX, for which synergy was observed, were tested simultaneously in combination at these same concentrations, the bacterial growth inhibition was complete. This demonstrates the highly potent in vitro synergistic activity of CIN when combined with commercial ABXs. This finding could be particularly beneficial in livestock farming, as this sector witnesses the highest quantities of antimicrobial usage, contributing significantly to antimicrobial resistance issues. Further research focused on this natural compound is thus warranted for this reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferrando
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - María Rosa Pino-Otín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Diego Ballestero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Guillermo Lorca
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Eva María Terrado
- Departamento de Didácticas Específicas, Facultad de Educación, Universisad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Elisa Langa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
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Kulshrestha M, Tiwari M, Tiwari V. Bacteriophage therapy against ESKAPE bacterial pathogens: Current status, strategies, challenges, and future scope. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106467. [PMID: 38036110 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The ESKAPE pathogens are the primary threat due to their constant spread of drug resistance worldwide. These pathogens are also regarded as opportunistic pathogens and could potentially cause nosocomial infections. Most of the ESKAPE pathogens have developed resistance to almost all the antibiotics that are used against them. Therefore, to deal with antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent requirement for alternative non-antibiotic strategies to combat this rising issue of drug-resistant organisms. One of the promising alternatives to this scenario is implementing bacteriophage therapy. This under-explored mode of treatment in modern medicine has posed several concerns, such as preferable phages for the treatment, impact on the microbiome (or gut microflora), dose optimisation, safety, etc. The review will cover a rationale for phage therapy, clinical challenges, and propose phage therapy as an effective therapeutic against bacterial coinfections during pandemics. This review also addresses the expected uncertainties for administering the phage as a treatment against the ESKAPE pathogens and the advantages of using lytic phage over temperate, the immune response to phages, and phages in combinational therapies. The interaction between bacteria and bacteriophages in humans and countless animal models can also be used to design novel and futuristic therapeutics like personalised medicine or bacteriophages as anti-biofilm agents. Hence, this review explores different aspects of phage therapy and its potential to emerge as a frontline therapy against the ESKAPE bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Kulshrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, India.
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Liu X, Chang Y, Xu Q, Zhang W, Huang Z, Zhang L, Weng S, Leptihn S, Jiang Y, Yu Y, Hua X. Mutation in the two-component regulator BaeSR mediates cefiderocol resistance and enhances virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii. mSystems 2023; 8:e0129122. [PMID: 37345941 PMCID: PMC10469669 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01291-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has become one of the most challenging pathogens in many countries with limited treatment options available. Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin, shows potent in vitro activity against A. baumannii, including isolates resistant to carbapenems. To date, few reports on the mechanisms of cefiderocol resistance are available. In order to investigate potential mechanisms of cefiderocol resistance in A. baumannii, we performed in vitro evolution experiments at sub-lethal concentrations of the antibiotic. All four cefiderocol-resistant strains obtained harbored mutations in two-component system BaeS-BaeR. When we engineered the mutations of BaeS (D89V) and BaeR (S104N) into the genome of ATCC 17978, these mutations increased cefiderocol minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by 8-fold to 16-fold. Transcriptome analyses showed that the expression of MacAB-TolC and MFS transporters was up-regulated in BaeSR mutants. Strains over-expressing MFS transporter and MacAB-TolC displayed higher MICs and higher median inhibition concentration (IC50) values, while MICs and IC50 decreased when efflux pump genes were knocked out. In a BaeR mutant with up-regulated csu operon, we observed a higher number of pili, enhanced surface motility, and increased biofilm formation compared to wild-type ATCC 17978. Using the Galleria mellonella infection model, we found that the BaeS mutant in which paa operon was up-regulated exhibited increased virulence. In conclusion, the mutations in BaeSR decreased cefiderocol susceptibility of A. baumannii through up-regulating efflux pumps gene expression. BaeS or BaeR also controls the expression of csu and paa, influencing biofilm formation, surface motility, and virulence in A. baumannii. IMPORTANCE The widespread prevalence of multi-drug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB) poses a significant therapeutic challenge. Cefiderocol is considered a promising antibiotic for the treatment of MDRAB infections. Therefore, it is necessary to study the potential resistance mechanisms of cefiderocol to delay the development of bacterial resistance. Here, we demonstrated that mutations in baeS and baeR reduced the susceptibility of A. baumannii to cefiderocol by up-regulating the expression of the MFS family efflux pump and MacAB-TolC efflux pump. We propose that BaeS mutants increase bacterial virulence by up-regulating the expression of the paa operon. This also reports the regulatory effect of BaeSR on csu operon for the first time. This study provides further insights into the role of BaeSR in developing cefiderocol resistance and virulence in A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjie Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingye Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linyue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Weng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Young M, Chojnacki M, Blanchard C, Cao X, Johnson WL, Flaherty D, Dunman PM. Genetic Determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii Serum-Associated Adaptive Efflux-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 37508269 PMCID: PMC10376123 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen of serious healthcare concern that is becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to antibiotic treatment failure. Recent studies have revealed that clinically defined antibiotic-susceptible strains upregulate the expression of a repertoire of putative drug efflux pumps during their growth under biologically relevant conditions, e.g., in human serum, resulting in efflux-associated resistance to physiologically achievable antibiotic levels within a patient. This phenomenon, termed Adaptive Efflux Mediated Resistance (AEMR), has been hypothesized to account for one mechanism by which antibiotic-susceptible A. baumannii fails to respond to antibiotic treatment. In the current study, we sought to identify genetic determinants that contribute to A. baumannii serum-associated AEMR by screening a transposon mutant library for members that display a loss of the AEMR phenotype. Results revealed that mutation of a putative pirin-like protein, YhaK, results in a loss of AEMR, a phenotype that could be complemented by a wild-type copy of the yhaK gene and was verified in a second strain background. Ethidium bromide efflux assays confirmed that the loss of AEMR phenotype due to pirin-like protein mutation correlated with reduced overarching efflux capacity. Further, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy measures of a fluorophore 7-(dimethylamino)-coumarin-4-acetic acid (DMACA)-tagged levofloxacin isomer, ofloxacin, further verified that YhaK mutation reduces AEMR-mediated antibiotic efflux. RNA-sequencing studies revealed that YhaK may be required for the expression of multiple efflux-associated systems, including MATE and ABC families of efflux pumps. Collectively, the data indicate that the A. baumannii YhaK pirin-like protein plays a role in modulating the organism's adaptive efflux-mediated resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaeel Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.Y.); (M.C.); (W.L.J.)
| | - Michaelle Chojnacki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.Y.); (M.C.); (W.L.J.)
| | - Catlyn Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.Y.); (M.C.); (W.L.J.)
| | - Xufeng Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - William L. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.Y.); (M.C.); (W.L.J.)
| | - Daniel Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Paul M. Dunman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.Y.); (M.C.); (W.L.J.)
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Boumerdassi H, Djouadi LN, Hambli A, Fardeau ML, Ouzari HI, Nateche F. Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality Assessment of a Northwestern Algerian Dam: Detection of Ichtyopathogenic Bacteria. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:187-198. [PMID: 37314358 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater fish are often exposed to threats from anthropogenic or natural origins, such as pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms responsible for a broad range of severe infections. In this study, we aimed to assess this microbiological threat to fish in an Algerian northwestern dam Sekkak (Tlemcen) by evaluating the diversity of ichtyopathogenic bacteria. In order to determine the water quality, physicochemical analyses of the dam water were carried out in situ. Ichtyopathogenic bacteria were isolated on selective media and identified by API galleries and molecular techniques (PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene). Besides, the antibiograms were constructed for all the isolates. The physicochemical and bacteriological analyses allowed us to classify the dam water as moderately polluted to polluted. Furthermore, an important diversity of ichtyopathogenic bacterial species was observed as Aeromonas hydrophila, Providencia rettgeri, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were retrieved. The antibiogram test revealed notable resistance. The antibiotic family for which most resistances were found was the β-lactam family, followed by aminoglycosides and macrolides. These results indicate that aquatic environments can shelter multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria representing a threat to the endemic fauna. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor these waters in order to improve the fish's living environment and ensure healthier production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Boumerdassi
- 1Laboratory of Dynamic and Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
- 2Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lydia Neïla Djouadi
- 2Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Hambli
- 3Central laboratory of Water Quality Control, Boumerdes Unit, Algerian Waters, Algeria
| | - Marie-Laure Fardeau
- 4Aix-Marseille University, University of South Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Hadda-Imen Ouzari
- 5Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules (LR03ES03), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Farida Nateche
- 2Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology - Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
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Słoczyńska A, Wand ME, Bock LJ, Tyski S, Laudy AE. Efflux-Related Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Is Associated with Two-Component Regulatory Efflux Systems' Alteration and Insertion of ΔAbaR25-Type Island Fragment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119525. [PMID: 37298476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The efflux pumps, beside the class D carbapenem-hydrolysing enzymes (CHLDs), are being increasingly investigated as a mechanism of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. This study investigates the contribution of efflux mechanism to carbapenem resistance in 61 acquired blaCHDL-genes-carrying A. baumannii clinical strains isolated in Warsaw, Poland. Studies were conducted using phenotypic (susceptibility testing to carbapenems ± efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs)) and molecular (determining expression levels of efflux operon with regulatory-gene and whole genome sequencing (WGS)) methods. EPIs reduced carbapenem resistance of 14/61 isolates. Upregulation (5-67-fold) of adeB was observed together with mutations in the sequences of AdeRS local and of BaeS global regulators in all 15 selected isolates. Long-read WGS of isolate no. AB96 revealed the presence of AbaR25 resistance island and its two disrupted elements: the first contained a duplicate ISAba1-blaOXA-23, and the second was located between adeR and adeA in the efflux operon. This insert was flanked by two copies of ISAba1, and one of them provides a strong promoter for adeABC, elevating the adeB expression levels. Our study for the first time reports the involvement of the insertion of the ΔAbaR25-type resistance island fragment with ISAba1 element upstream the efflux operon in the carbapenem resistance of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthew E Wand
- UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Lucy J Bock
- UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka E Laudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Sun C, Yu Y, Hua X. Resistance mechanisms of tigecycline in Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1141490. [PMID: 37228666 PMCID: PMC10203620 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is widely distributed in nature and in hospital settings and is a common pathogen causing various infectious diseases. Currently, the drug resistance rate of A. baumannii has been persistently high, showing a worryingly high resistance rate to various antibiotics commonly used in clinical practice, which greatly limits antibiotic treatment options. Tigecycline and polymyxins show rapid and effective bactericidal activity against CRAB, and they are both widely considered to be the last clinical line of defense against multidrug resistant A. baumannii. This review focuses with interest on the mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in A. baumannii. With the explosive increase in the incidence of tigecycline-resistant A. baumannii, controlling and treating such resistance events has been considered a global challenge. Accordingly, there is a need to systematically investigate the mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in A. baumannii. Currently, the resistance mechanism of A. baumannii to tigecycline is complex and not completely clear. This article reviews the proposed resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii to tigecycline, with a view to providing references for the rational clinical application of tigecycline and the development of new candidate antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Sun
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Xiao C, Qiao Y, Yang G, Feng L. Antibiotics resistance evolution of isolated Vibrio parahaemolyticus from mariculture under the continuous culture of sub-inhibitory concentrations of Ulva fasciata hydroponic solution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160124. [PMID: 36372171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of vibriosis from Vibrio (V.) parahaemolyticus is widespread in the mariculture, and live macroalgae has been considered to be effective and eco-friendly approach for the control of vibriosis. Three V. parahaemolyticus strains with β-lactam antibiotics resistance (resistant to ampicillin (AM), amoxicillin (AMX)) were isolated from mariculture in study, and the antibiotics resistance evolution mechanism was examined at the sub-inhibitory concentration (SIC) of hydroponic solution of Ulva (U.) fasciata (HSUF). The HSUF with the highest density (20 g fresh weight U. fasciata L-1) demonstrated the strongest inhibitory rates (47.0 %-65.8 %) on the three strains during the stable phase (8-24 h) of growth curve, which indicated that the HSUF (≤20 g L-1) could be considered to be at SIC for V. parahaemolyticus strains. After continuous subculture of V. parahaemolyticus with three dilutes (1/2 (HT), 1/20 (MT) and 1/50 (LT)) of HSUF (20 g L-1), all the strains of 20th generation were still resistant to AM and AMX. However, the LT condition reduced MIC of AM (2-16 times) and AMX (0-2 times) to strains, while MT and HT showed significantly various effect of β-lactam antibiotics resistance on different strains. The biofilm formation and ROS content of V. parahaemolyticus were almost positively correlated to the concentrations of HSUF. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of a representative strain showed that the lower concentrations of HSUF caused more down-regulated DEGs of the strains, and more down-regulated (vmeA, vmeB, sapA, mrdA) DEGs of strains were related to the pathway of β-lactam antibiotics resistance at LT condition. Thus, low concentration of HSUF was seemed to have better improvement for V. parahaemolyticus strains resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, which were mainly related to the impairment of biofilm formation, ROS and efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Tiwari M, Panwar S, Tiwari V. Assessment of potassium ion channel during electric signalling in biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii for finding antibiofilm molecule. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12837. [PMID: 36685419 PMCID: PMC9852675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic ESKAPE pathogen which causes nosocomial infections and can produce biofilms that act as resistant determinants. The role of quorum sensing (chemical signaling) in biofilm establishment has already been studied extensively, but the existence of electrochemical signaling during biofilm formation by A. baumannii has not yet been investigated. The current study evaluated the presence of electrical signaling, types of ion channels involved, and their role in biofilm formation using spectroscopic and microbiological methods. The findings suggest that the potassium ion channel has a significant role in the electrical signaling during the biofilm formation by A. baumannii. Further, in-silico screening, molecular mechanics, and molecular dynamic simulation studies identify a potential lead, ZINC12496555(a specific inhibitor), which targets the potassium ion channel protein of A. baumannii. Mutational analysis of the interacting residues showed alterations in the unfolding rate of this protein after the selected mutation, which shows its role in the stability of this protein. It was also observed that identified lead has high antibiofilm activity, no human off-targets, and non-cytotoxicity to cell lines. Thus, identified lead against the potassium channel of A baumannii may be used as an effective therapeutic for the treatment of A. baumannii infections after further experimental validation.
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Sharma S, Kaushik V, Kulshrestha M, Tiwari V. Different Efflux Pump Systems in Acinetobacter baumannii and Their Role in Multidrug Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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15
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Chawla M, Verma J, Gupta R, Das B. Antibiotic Potentiators Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Discovery, Development, and Clinical Relevance. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:887251. [PMID: 35847117 PMCID: PMC9284026 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.887251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in clinically important microbes has emerged as an unmet challenge in global health. Extensively drug-resistant bacterial pathogens have cropped up lately defying the action of even the last resort of antibiotics. This has led to a huge burden in the health sectors and increased morbidity and mortality rate across the world. The dwindling antibiotic discovery pipeline and rampant usage of antibiotics has set the alarming bells necessitating immediate actions to combat this looming threat. Various alternatives to discovery of new antibiotics are gaining attention such as reversing the antibiotic resistance and hence reviving the arsenal of antibiotics in hand. Antibiotic resistance reversal is mainly targeted against the antibiotic resistance mechanisms, which potentiates the effective action of the antibiotic. Such compounds are referred to as resistance breakers or antibiotic adjuvants/potentiators that work in conjunction with antibiotics. Many studies have been conducted for the identification of compounds, which decrease the permeability barrier, expression of efflux pumps and the resistance encoding enzymes. Compounds targeting the stability, inheritance and dissemination of the mobile genetic elements linked with the resistance genes are also potential candidates to curb antibiotic resistance. In pursuit of such compounds various natural sources and synthetic compounds have been harnessed. The activities of a considerable number of compounds seem promising and are currently at various phases of clinical trials. This review recapitulates all the studies pertaining to the use of antibiotic potentiators for the reversal of antibiotic resistance and what the future beholds for their usage in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Chawla
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Jyoti Verma
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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16
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Potentiate the activity of current antibiotics by naringin dihydrochalcone targeting the AdeABC efflux pump of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:592-605. [PMID: 35841965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an ESKAPE pathogen responsible for severe nosocomial infections. Among all the mechanisms contributing to multidrug resistance, efflux pumps have gained significant attention due to their widespread distribution among bacterial species and broad substrate specificity. This study has investigated the diverse roles of efflux pumps present in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) and screen an efflux pump inhibitor. The result showed the presence of AdeABC, AdeFGH, AdeIJK, and AbeM efflux pumps in CRAB, and experimental studies using gene mutants demonstrated the significant role of AdeABC in carbapenem resistance, biofilm formation, surface motility, pathogenesis, bacterial adherence, and invasion to the host cells. The structure-based ligand screening, molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental validation using efflux pump mutants and antibiotic accumulation assay identified naringin dihydrochalcone (NDC) as the lead against AdeB. This lead was selected as a capping agent for silver nanoparticles. The NDC-capped silver nanoparticles (NDC-AgNPs) were characterized by UV-spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigated molecular mechanism showed that the NDC-AgNPs possessed multiple mechanisms of action. In addition to efflux inhibitory activity, it also generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as causes change in the electrochemical gradient in CRAB. The proton gradient is important for the function of AdeABC; hence altering the electrochemical gradient also disrupts its efflux activity. Moreover, A. baumannii did not develop any resistance against NDC-AgNPs till several generations which were investigated. The NDC-AgNPs were also found to be effective against carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Therefore, the present study provided an insight into the efflux pump mediated carbapenem resistance and possible inhibitor NDC-AgNPs to combat AdeABC efflux pump mediated resistance.
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17
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MDR Pumps as Crossroads of Resistance: Antibiotics and Bacteriophages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060734. [PMID: 35740141 PMCID: PMC9220107 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, antibiotic resistance represents a global problem in modern medicine. In the near future, humanity may face a situation where medicine will be powerless against resistant bacteria and a post-antibiotic era will come. The development of new antibiotics is either very expensive or ineffective due to rapidly developing bacterial resistance. The need to develop alternative approaches to the treatment of bacterial infections, such as phage therapy, is beyond doubt. The cornerstone of bacterial defense against antibiotics are multidrug resistance (MDR) pumps, which are involved in antibiotic resistance, toxin export, biofilm, and persister cell formation. MDR pumps are the primary non-specific defense of bacteria against antibiotics, while drug target modification, drug inactivation, target switching, and target sequestration are the second, specific line of their defense. All bacteria have MDR pumps, and bacteriophages have evolved along with them and use the bacteria’s need for MDR pumps to bind and penetrate into bacterial cells. The study and understanding of the mechanisms of the pumps and their contribution to the overall resistance and to the sensitivity to bacteriophages will allow us to either seriously delay the onset of the post-antibiotic era or even prevent it altogether due to phage-antibiotic synergy.
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18
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Ezz Eldin RR, Saleh MA, Alotaibi MH, Alsuair RK, Alzahrani YA, Alshehri FA, Mohamed AF, Hafez SM, Althoqapy AA, Khirala SK, Amin MM, A. F Y, AbdElwahab AH, Alesawy MS, Elmaaty AA, Al-Karmalawy AA. Ligand-based design and synthesis of N'-Benzylidene-3,4-dimethoxybenzohydrazide derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents; evaluation by in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches with SAR studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1098-1119. [PMID: 35430934 PMCID: PMC9037180 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2063282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rogy R. Ezz Eldin
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem K. Alsuair
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya A. Alzahrani
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras A. Alshehri
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany F. Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M. Hafez
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Ali Althoqapy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham K. Khirala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yousuf A. F
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza H. AbdElwahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Alesawy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al‐Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
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Differential Gene Expression of Efflux Pumps and Porins in Clinical Isolates of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030419. [PMID: 35330171 PMCID: PMC8948634 DOI: 10.3390/life12030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare infections and high mortality rates in intensive care units all over the globe. Porins and efflux pumps over-expression have been reported as contributing factors in escalating drug resistance and rendering treatment ineffective. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in A. baumannii clinical isolates. Methods: A total of 30 A. baumannii isolates were included in the present study from Nehru Hospital (PGIMER-Chandigarh) located in North India. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay and MIC were performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Screening of beta-lactamases was performed using PCR. Relative gene expression of four RND, one MATE efflux pump, and two outer membrane proteins were determined using RT-PCR. Molecular typing of 22 isolates was carried out using MLST Oxford scheme. Results: CarO porin genes showed over-expression in 63% isolates followed by adeGandabeM efflux pump downregulation/underexpression (<0.5 fold), suggesting the carbapenem-susceptible phenotypic nature of the isolates. High prevalence of VIM-2, NDM-1, and OXA-23 genes was observed in A. baumannii isolates. Interestingly, NDM-1 and OXA-58 were traced in 10 and3 A. baumannii isolates respectively; 13 of 22 (59%) isolates showed novel Sequence Types (STs) in the Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis. ST 1087 was most commonly found ST among all others (16 STs). Conclusions: This study indicated a possible role of carO porin genes and adeG (RND) andabeM (MATE) efflux pumps in carbapenem susceptibility of A. baumannii. New STs were also reported in the majority of the isolates.
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Kaushik V, Tiwari M, Joshi R, Tiwari V. Therapeutic strategies against potential antibiofilm targets of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2045-2063. [PMID: 35083758 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is the causative agent of various hospital-acquired infections. Biofilm formation is one of the various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) strategies and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Hence, it is essential to review the potential antibiofilm targets in A. baumannii and come up with different strategies to combat these potential targets. This review covers different pathways involved in the regulation of biofilm formation in A. baumannii like quorum sensing (QS), cyclic-di-GMP signaling, two-component system (TCS), outer-membrane protein (ompA), and biofilm-associated protein (BAP). A newly discovered mechanism of electrical signaling-mediated biofilm formation and contact-dependent biofilm modulation has also been discussed. As biofilm formation and its maintenance in A. baumannii is facilitated by these potential targets, the detailed study of these targets and pathways can bring light to different therapeutic strategies such as anti-biofilm peptides, natural and synthetic molecule inhibitors, QS molecule degrading enzymes, and other strategies. These strategies may help in suppressing the lethality of biofilm-mediated infections. Targeting essential proteins/targets which are crucial for biofilm formation and regulation may render new therapeutic strategies that can aid in combating biofilm, thus reducing the recalcitrant infections and morbidity associated with the biofilm of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Kaushik
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Richa Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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21
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Kaushik V, Sharma S, Tiwari M, Tiwari V. Anti-persister strategies against stress induced bacterial persistence. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105423. [PMID: 35092834 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic non-responsive bacteria is the leading concern in current research-oriented to eliminate pathogens. Nowadays, the excess use of antibiotics without specifically understanding the potentiality of killing pathogens and bacterial survival patterns has helped bacteria emerge indefatigably. Bacteria use various mechanisms such as resistance, persistence, and tolerance to ensure survival. Among these, persistence is a mechanism by which bacteria reside in their dormant state, bypassing the effects of treatments, making it crucial for bacterial survival. Persistent bacterial cells arise from the normal bacterial population as a slow-growing subset of bacteria with no metabolic flux. This behavior renders it to survive for a longer duration and at higher concentrations of antibiotics. They are one of the underlying causes of recurrence of bacterial infections. The present article explains the detailed molecular mechanisms and strategies of bacterial persistence, including the toxin-antitoxin modules, DNA damage, the formation of inactive ribosomal complexes, (p)ppGpp network, antibiotic-induced persistence, which are triggered by drug-induced stress. The article also comprehensively covers the epigenetic memory of persistence in bacteria, and anti-persistent therapeutics like antimicrobial molecules, synthetic peptides, acyldepsipeptide antibiotics, and endolysin therapy to reduce persister cell formation and control their frequency. These strategies could be utilized in combating the pathogenic bacteria undergoing persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Kaushik
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Saroj Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, India.
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22
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Samreen, Qais FA, Ahmad I. In silico screening and in vitro validation of phytocompounds as multidrug efflux pump inhibitor against E. coli. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2189-2201. [PMID: 35067192 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2029564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in bacteria has increased globally in recent times. This has reduced the efficacy of antibiotics and increasing the rate of therapeutic failure. Targeting efflux pump by natural and synthetic compounds is one of the strategies to develop an ideal broad-spectrum resistance-modifying agent. Very few inhibitors of AcrB from natural sources have been reported till date. In the current study, 19 phytocompounds were screened for efflux pump inhibitory activity against AcrB protein of E. coli TG1 using molecular docking studies. The molecular dynamics simulation provided stability the protein (AcrB) and its complex with chlorogenic acid under physiological conditions. Moreover, the detailed molecular insights of the binding were also explored. The Lipinski rule of 5 and the drug-likeness prediction was determined using Swiss ADME server, while toxicity prediction was done using admetSAR and PROTOX-II webservers. Chlorogenic acid showed the highest binding affinity (-9.1 kcal mol-1) with AcrB protein among all screened phytocompounds. Consequently, all the phytocompounds that accede to Lipinski's rule, demonstrated a high LD50 value indicating that they are non-toxic except the phytocompound reserpine. Chlorogenic acid and capsaicin are filtered out based on the synergy with tetracycline having FIC index of 0.25 and 0.28. The percentage increase of EtBr fluorescence by chlorogenic acid was 36.6% followed by piperine (24.2%). Chlorogenic acid may be a promising efflux pump inhibitor that might be employed in combination therapy with tetracycline against E. coli, based on the above relationship between in silico screening and in vitro positive efflux inhibitory activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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23
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Comparative Analysis of Chloramphenicol-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Dairy Companies in Korea. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080143. [PMID: 34437465 PMCID: PMC8402777 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chloramphenicol is currently banned from use in livestock, other phenicols, such as florfenicol and thiamphenicol, have been used for the treatment of bacterial infections in domestic cattle in Korea. This study compares the characteristics of chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the bulk tank milk of four major dairy companies in Korea. Although the distribution of multidrug resistance patterns showed no significant differences between the four companies, 85 chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates showed a significantly high number of resistances against five or six antimicrobial classes (37.6%, respectively) (p < 0.05). When analyzing the distribution of phenicol resistance genes, 31 (36.5%) isolates only carried the catA gene, and two (6.3%) isolates from company A only carried the cfr gene. No isolates carried the catB or fexA genes. Regarding the distribution of other resistance genes, both the tetL and tetM (45.9%), ermB (82.4%), and both aac(6″)-Ie-aph(2″)-la and ant(6′)-Ia genes (30.6%) showed a high prevalence, and the optrA and poxtA genes were observed separately, each in only two (2.4%) isolates. Our results confirm that the dissemination of chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and some antimicrobial resistance genes show significant differences between dairy companies. Therefore, our results support that each dairy company should undertake effective surveillance programs to better understand and minimize the emergence of resistance on a multidisciplinary level.
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