The association of polymorphisms (rs2227981 and rs10204525) of PDCD1 gene with susceptibility to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1

Association of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) gene polymorphism (rs10204525) with COVID-19 severity and mortality: A case-control study in the Iranian population

BACKGROUND

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), as a negative immune regulator, regulates the activation of T cells and maintains the immune system's homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that the effective immune response against COVID-19 contributes to the outcome of the disease. The present study aims to evaluate whether the PD-1 rs10204525 polymorphism is associated with PDCD-1 expression and COVID-19 severity and mortality in the Iranian population.

METHODS

The PD-1 rs10204525 was genotyped in 810 COVID-19 patients and 164 healthy individuals as a control group using Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Moreover, we assessed the expression of PDCD-1 in peripheral blood nuclear cells by real-time PCR.

RESULTS

Regarding disease severity and mortality, no significant differences were detected between study groups in alleles and genotypes frequency distribution under different inheritance models. We found that the expression of PDCD-1 was significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with AG and GG genotypes than in the control group. Regarding disease severity, mRNA levels of PDCD-1 were significantly lower in moderate and critical patients carrying AG genotype than in control (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively) and mild (P = 0.014 and P = 0.005, respectively) individuals. Additionally, the severe and critical patients with GG genotype displayed a significantly lower level of PDCD-1 compared with the control (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively), mild (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001, respectively), and moderate (P = 0.014 and P < 0.001, respectively) ones. Regarding disease mortality, the expression of PDCD-1 was significantly lower in non-survivor COVID-19 patients with GG genotype than in survivors.

CONCLUSION

Considering the lack of significant differences in PDCD-1 expression in different genotypes in the control group, lower expression of PDCD-1 in COVID-19 patients carrying the G allele suggests the impact of this single-nucleotide polymorphism on the transcriptional activity of PD-1.

Rs10204525 Polymorphism of the Programmed Death (PD-1) Gene Is Associated with Increased Risk in a Saudi Arabian Population with Colorectal Cancer

Checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1) has been identified as an immunosuppressive molecule implicated in the immune evasion of transformed cells. It is highly expressed in tumor cells in order to evade host immunosurveillance. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of PD-1 and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Saudi population. For this case-control study, the TaqMan assay method was used for genotyping three SNPs in the PD-1 gene in 100 CRC patients and 100 healthy controls. Associations were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for multiple inheritance models (codominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and log-additive). Moreover, PD-1 gene expression levels were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR in colon cancer tissue and adjacent colon tissues. We found that the PD-1 rs10204525 A allele was associated with an increased risk of developing CRC (OR = 2.35; p = 0.00657). In addition, the PD-1 rs10204525 AA homozygote genotype was associated with a high risk of developing CRC in the codominant (OR = 21.65; p = 0.0014), recessive (OR = 10.97; p = 0.0015), and additive (OR = 1.98; p = 0.012) models. A weak protective effect was found for the rs2227981 GG genotype (OR = 2.52; p = 0.034), and no significant association was found between the rs2227982 and CRC. Haplotype analysis showed that the rs10204525, rs2227981, rs2227982 A-A-G haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC (OR = 6.79; p =0.031).

Association of the rs4143815 polymorphism of PDL1 gene with HTLV-1 infection and proviral load in asymptomatic blood donors in northeast Iran

Obviously, genetic differences, including mutations and polymorphisms, can play an important role in viral infections, So in this case-control study, which contained 81 Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1(HTLV-1) asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and 162 healthy controls (HCs), the rs4143815 polymorphism of PDL1 gene investigated. This polymorphism is the site of miR-570 binding and it can influence immune system responses. The rs4143815 polymorphism was evaluated by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) and proviral load (PVL) levels by quantitative real-time PCR (q PCR). The results demonstrated that C allele (p=0.027) and CC genotype (p=0.031) of rs4143815 polymorphism was significantly higher in ACs than HCs group also, the PVL in ACs with C allele (p=0.020) was higher significantly. Thus, the rs4143815 polymorphism can play a vital role in HTLV-1 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.