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Wei T, He Y, Tan D, Zeng X, Hou Y, Wang J, Jiang H, Deng Z, Li J. Dietary sn-2 palmitate influences cognitive behavior by increasing the transport of liver-produced lysophosphatidylcholine VLCPUFAs to the brain. Food Chem 2025; 462:140955. [PMID: 39232272 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Investigations indicated that sn-2 palmitate have positive effects on brain development, although its mechanism remains largely unexamined. This research delved into how a diet abundant in sn-2 palmitate influenced the cognitive behavior of mice and elucidated the associated mechanisms using metabolomics and lipidomics. The study demonstrated that dietary sn-2 palmitate led to improved working memory and cognition in mice, as well as an increase in brain BDNF concentration when compared to those fed blend vegetable oil (BVO). This was because sn-2 palmitate feeding promoted the synthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) for the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) in the liver. This led to more efficient delivery of VLCPUFAs to the brain, as indicated by elevated concentration of LPC/LPE-VLCPUFAs in the liver and heightened expression of the major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a (MFSD2A). In essence, this paper offered a potential mechanism by which sn-2 palmitate enhanced mouse neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yangzheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Dengfeng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Xiaoling Zeng
- Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China
| | - Yanmei Hou
- Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
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Vos WAJW, Vadaq N, Matzaraki V, Otten T, Groenendijk AL, Blaauw MJT, van Eekeren LE, Brinkman K, de Mast Q, Riksen NP, Stalenhoef AFH, van Lunzen J, van der Ven AJAM, Blok WL, Stalenhoef JE. Cardiometabolic Differences in People Living with HIV Receiving Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Compared to Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Implications for Current ART Strategies. Viruses 2024; 16:582. [PMID: 38675924 PMCID: PMC11054623 DOI: 10.3390/v16040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In people living with HIV (PLHIV), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are part of the first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), while non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens are alternatives. Distinct cART regimens may variably influence the risk for non-AIDS comorbidities. We aimed to compare the metabolome and lipidome of INSTI and NNRTI-based regimens. The 2000HIV study includes asymptomatic PLHIV (n = 1646) on long-term cART, separated into a discovery cohort with 730 INSTI and 617 NNRTI users, and a validation cohort encompassing 209 INSTI and 90 NNRTI users. Baseline plasma samples from INSTI and NNRTI users were compared using mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic (n = 500) analysis. Perturbed metabolic pathways were identified using MetaboAnalyst software. Subsequently, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used for targeted lipoprotein and lipid (n = 141) analysis. Metabolome homogeneity was observed between the different types of INSTI and NNRTI. In contrast, higher and lower levels of 59 and 45 metabolites, respectively, were found in the INSTI group compared to NNRTI users, of which 77.9% (81/104) had consistent directionality in the validation cohort. Annotated metabolites belonged mainly to 'lipid and lipid-like molecules', 'organic acids and derivatives' and 'organoheterocyclic compounds'. In pathway analysis, perturbed 'vitamin B1 (thiamin) metabolism', 'de novo fatty acid biosynthesis', 'bile acid biosynthesis' and 'pentose phosphate pathway' were detected, among others. Lipoprotein and lipid levels in NNRTIs were heterogeneous and could not be compared as a group. INSTIs compared to individual NNRTI types showed that HDL cholesterol was lower in INSTIs compared to nevirapine but higher in INSTIs compared to doravirine. In addition, LDL size was lower in INSTIs and nevirapine compared to doravirine. NNRTIs show more heterogeneous cardiometabolic effects than INSTIs, which hampers the comparison between these two classes of drugs. Targeted lipoproteomic and lipid NMR spectroscopy showed that INSTI use was associated with a more unfavorable lipid profile compared to nevirapine, which was shifted to a more favorable profile for INSTI when substituting nevirapine for doravirine, with evidently higher fold changes. The cardiovascular disease risk profile seems more favorable in INSTIs compared to NNRTIs in untargeted metabolomic analysis using mass-spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm A. J. W. Vos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Otten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert L. Groenendijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ErasmusMC, Erasmus University, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J. T. Blaauw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Elizabeth-Tweesteden Ziekenhuis, 5022 GC Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Louise E. van Eekeren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P. Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton F. H. Stalenhoef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Lunzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem L. Blok
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke E. Stalenhoef
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Thirion A, Loots DT, Williams ME, Solomons R, Mason S. An exploratory investigation of the CSF metabolic profile of HIV in a South African paediatric cohort using GCxGC-TOF/MS. Metabolomics 2024; 20:33. [PMID: 38427142 PMCID: PMC10907482 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples are difficult to obtain for paediatric HIV, few studies have attempted to profile neurometabolic dysregulation. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this exploratory study was to profile the neurometabolic state of CSF from a South African paediatric cohort using GCxGC-TOF/MS. The study included 54 paediatric cases (< 12 years), 42 HIV-negative controls and 12 HIV-positive individuals. RESULTS The results revealed distinct metabolic alterations in the HIV-infected cohort. In the PLS-DA model, 18 metabolites significantly discriminated between HIV-infected and control groups. In addition, fold-change analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests, and effect size measurements verified these findings. Notably, lactose, myo-inositol, and glycerol, although not significant by p-value alone, demonstrated practical significance based on the effect size. CONCLUSIONS This study provided valuable insights on the impact of HIV on metabolic pathways, including damage to the gut and blood-brain barrier, disruption of bioenergetics processes, gliosis, and a potential marker for antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, the study recognized certain constraints, notably a limited sample size and the absence of a validation cohort. Despite these limitations, the rarity of the study's focus on paediatric HIV research underscores the significance and unique contributions of its findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicia Thirion
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Monray E Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Regan Solomons
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa.
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Therapeutic potential of vitamin B 1 derivative benfotiamine from diabetes to COVID-19. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:809-826. [PMID: 35535731 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benfotiamine (S-benzoylthiamine-O-monophosphate), a unique, lipid-soluble derivative of thiamine, is the most potent allithiamine found in roasted garlic, as well as in other herbs of the genus Allium. In addition to potent antioxidative properties, benfotiamine has also been shown to be a strong anti-inflammatory agent with therapeutic significance to several pathological complications. Specifically, over the past decade or so, benfotiamine has been shown to prevent not only various secondary diabetic complications but also several inflammatory complications such as uveitis and endotoxemia. Recent studies also demonstrate that this compound could be used to prevent the symptoms associated with various infectious diseases such as HIV and COVID-19. In this review article, the authors discuss the significance of benfotiamine in the prevention of various pathological complications.
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