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Jain M, Singh AK, Singh M, Gupta S, Kumar A, Aseri GK, Polavarapu R, Sharma D, Sohal JS. Comparative evaluation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) recombinant secretory proteins as DTH marker for paratuberculosis. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 175:105987. [PMID: 32565277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) based skin test is an important onsite animal herd screening procedure for detecting the early stages of the chronic mycobacterial infections. DTH testing plays a vital role in the diagnosis of paratuberculosis infection. However, there are questions over the specificity of this test due to cross-reactive epitopes present on the purified protein derivative (PPD) prepared from the whole cell secretory proteins. PPD may contain proteins shared with other mycobacteria especially environmental species. Therefore, it is needed to test alternate paratuberculosis specific secretory antigens. Present study explored the potential of recombinant secretory proteins (MAP2168c, MAP1693c, MAP3547c, MAP4308c and MAP2677c) as DTH markers. The published literature shows that these proteins as strong cell mediated markers with specificity to paratuberculosis bacilli. To determine the positive skin thickness cutoff, herds of farm animals with history of endemic paratuberculosis were selected and thickness of >2.0 mm was reported as the positive cutoff. Preliminary findings on pilot scale animals report the usefulness of recombinant secretory proteins as DTH markers over traditional Johnin assay. Traditional Johnin reported more false positives and negatives compared to gold standard fecal PCR and field reference plate ELISA test. Present findings encourage and demand further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Jain
- Amity Center for Mycobacterial Disease Research, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant-Kalwar, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH11C, Jaipur 303 002, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Amity Center for Mycobacterial Disease Research, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant-Kalwar, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH11C, Jaipur 303 002, India
| | - Manju Singh
- Amity Center for Mycobacterial Disease Research, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant-Kalwar, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH11C, Jaipur 303 002, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, NH-2, Chaumuhan, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Immunology & Defense Mechanism, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology (SVPUAT), Modipurum, Meerut 250110, India
| | - G K Aseri
- Amity Center for Mycobacterial Disease Research, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant-Kalwar, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH11C, Jaipur 303 002, India
| | - Rathnagiri Polavarapu
- Genomix Molecular Diagnostics (P) Ltd, 5-36/207 Prasanthnagar, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Deepansh Sharma
- Amity Center for Mycobacterial Disease Research, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant-Kalwar, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH11C, Jaipur 303 002, India
| | - Jagdip Singh Sohal
- Amity Center for Mycobacterial Disease Research, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant-Kalwar, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH11C, Jaipur 303 002, India.
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Improvement of sensitivity for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) detection in bovine fecal samples by specific duplex F57/IC real-time and conventional IS900 PCRs after solid culture enrichment. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:721-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Thirunavukkarasu S, Plain KM, de Silva K, Begg D, Whittington RJ, Purdie AC. Expression of genes associated with cholesterol and lipid metabolism identified as a novel pathway in the early pathogenesis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-infection in cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:147-57. [PMID: 24930699 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic disease affecting ruminants and other species caused by the pathogenic mycobacterium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP has developed a multitude of mechanisms to persist within the host, and these in turn are counteracted by the host through various immune pathways. Identifying and characterising the different strategies employed by MAP to alter the host immune system in its favour, and thereby persist intracellularly, could hold the key to developing strategies to fight this disease. In this study we analysed a subset of bovine microarray data derived from early time points after experimental infection with MAP. A specifically developed integrated approach was used to identify and validate host genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis (24DHCR, LDLR, SCD-1), calcium homeostasis and anti-bacterial defence mechanisms, (CD38, GIMAP6) which were downregulated in response to MAP exposure. A trend for upregulation of granulysin gene expression in MAP-exposed cattle in comparison to unexposed cattle was also observed. From these analyses, a model of potential pathogen-host interactions involving these novel pathways was developed which indicates an important role for host lipids in mycobacterial survival and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Karren M Plain
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Kumudika de Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas Begg
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J Whittington
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Auriol C Purdie
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia.
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Kavid N, Madani R, Hosseinkhani S, Mosavari N, Golchinfar F, Emami T, Keshavarz R. Evaluation of immunogenicity of purified cell wall-associated 34 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:163-7. [PMID: 22741579 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The 34 kDa cell wall protein of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) has been suggested as a major species-specific immunodominant antigen in Johne's disease. However to date, there has not been a purified 34 kDa protein isolated from bacterial lysates used in immunogenicity analysis. Therefore we attempted to assess the immunogenicity properties of the purified cell wall 34 kDa protein for the first time, and compare the results with previous studies. We used an ELISA test for evaluation of the immunogenicity of this 34 kDa antigen against MAP infection. All serum samples from cattle confirmed to be infected with MAP were positive and those from healthy cattle were negative with the present antigen in ELISA tests. The sensitivity and specificity of 34 kDa antigen were then evaluated in comparison with a standard commercial kit and whole cell wall extracts. The results indicated that the pure 34 kDa antigen specific to MAP with high specificity and sensitivity has a strong potential for use in serodiagnosis assays and screening of Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Kavid
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karadj, Iran
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