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He J, Ye Y, Zhang D, Yao K, Zhou M. Visualized Gallium/Lyticase-Integrated Antifungal Strategy for Fungal Keratitis Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206437. [PMID: 36177690 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis has been one of the common corneal infections that causes blindness, but an effective antifungal strategy remains a challenge. The exopolysaccharides both in the fungal cell walls and biofilms are a key that acts as a permeation barrier to weaken the therapeutic effect of antifungal agents. Herein, lyticase and gallium ions co-integrated nanosystems (MLPGa) are presented that can degrade exopolysaccharides and then effectively eradicate both planktonic Candida albicans and mature biofilms. The potential antifungal mechanism involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and metabolic interference of antioxidant-related genes, exopolysaccharide-related genes, iron-ion-utilization-related genes, fungal/biofilm-development-related genes, and virulence genes. Meanwhile, the Raman signals generated by the chelation between the nanosystems and the gallium ions provide a real-time visualization tool to monitor Ga release. Finally, the MLPGa-based antifungal strategy with good biocompatibility achieves a satisfactory therapeutic effect in a fungal keratitis mouse model. This study provides a unique approach to the effective treatment of fungal keratitis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dongxiao Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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2
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Pincer Complexes Derived from Tridentate Schiff Bases for Their Use as Antimicrobial Metallopharmaceuticals. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10090134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the current challenges in medicinal chemistry, the development of new and better therapeutic agents effective against infectious diseases produced by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites stands out. With chemotherapy as one of the main strategies against these diseases focusing on the administration of organic and inorganic drugs, the latter is generally based on the synergistic effect produced by the formation of metal complexes with biologically active organic compounds. In this sense, Schiff bases (SBs) represent and ideal ligand scaffold since they have demonstrated a broad spectrum of antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. In addition, SBs are synthesized in an easy manner from one-step condensation reactions, being thus suitable for facile structural modifications, having the imine group as a coordination point found in most of their metal complexes, and promoting chelation when other donor atoms are three, four, or five bonds apart. However, despite the wide variety of metal complexes found in the literature using this type of ligands, only a handful of them include on their structures tridentate SBs ligands and their biological evaluation has been explored. Hence, this review summarizes the most important antimicrobial activity results reported this far for pincer-type complexes (main group and d-block) derived from SBs tridentate ligands.
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3
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Bajaj K, Buchanan RM, Grapperhaus CA. Antifungal activity of thiosemicarbazones, bis(thiosemicarbazones), and their metal complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111620. [PMID: 34619407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in nature, and typically cause little or no environmental or pathogenic damage to their plant, animal, and human hosts. However, a small but growing number of pathogenic fungi are spreading world-wide at an alarming rate threatening global ecosystem health and proliferation. Many of these emerging pathogens have developed multi-drug resistance to front line therapeutics increasing the urgency for the development of new antifungal agents. This review examines the development of thiosemicarbazones, bis(thiosemicarbazones), and their metal complexes as potential antifungal agents against more than 65 different fungal strains. The fungistatic activity of the compounds are quantified based on the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, or growth inhibition percentage. In this review, reported activities were standardized based on molar concentrations to simplify comparisons between different compounds. Of all the fungal strains reported in the review, A. niger in particular was very resistant towards a majority of tested compounds. Our analysis of the data shows that metal complexes are typically more active than non-coordinated ligands with copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes generally displaying the highest activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Robert M Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Craig A Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
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Abstract
Traditional organic antimicrobials mainly act on specific biochemical processes such as replication, transcription and translation. However, the emergence and wide spread of microbial resistance is a growing threat for human beings. Therefore, it is highly necessary to design strategies for the development of new drugs in order to target multiple cellular processes that should improve their efficiency against several microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses or fungi. The present review is focused on recent advances and findings of new antimicrobial strategies based on metal complexes. Recent studies indicate that some metal ions cause different types of damages to microbial cells as a result of membrane degradation, protein dysfunction and oxidative stress. These unique modes of action, combined with the wide range of three-dimensional geometries that metal complexes can adopt, make them suitable for the development of new antimicrobial drugs.
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Bastos RW, Rossato L, Valero C, Lagrou K, Colombo AL, Goldman GH. Potential of Gallium as an Antifungal Agent. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:414. [PMID: 31921699 PMCID: PMC6917619 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are only few drugs available to treat fungal infections, and the lack of new antifungals, along with the emergence of drug-resistant strains, results in millions of deaths/year. An unconventional approach to fight microbial infection is to exploit nutritional vulnerabilities of microorganism metabolism. The metal gallium can disrupt iron metabolism in bacteria and cancer cells, but it has not been tested against fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus and Candida. Here, we investigate in vitro activity of gallium nitrate III [Ga(NO3)3] against these human pathogens, to reveal the gallium mechanism of action and understand the interaction between gallium and clinical antifungal drugs. Ga(NO3)3 presented a fungistatic effect against azole-sensitive and -resistant A. fumigatus strains (MIC50/90 = 32.0 mg/L) and also had a synergistic effect with caspofungin, but not with azoles and amphotericin B. Its antifungal activity seems to be reliant on iron-limiting conditions, as the presence of iron increases its MIC value and because we observed a synergistic interaction between gallium and iron chelators against A. fumigatus. We also show that an A. fumigatus mutant (ΔhapX) unable to grow in the absence of iron is more susceptible to gallium, reinforcing that gallium could act by disrupting iron homeostasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that gallium has a fungistatic effect against different species of Candida ranging from 16.0 to 256.0 mg/L, including multidrug-resistant Candida auris, C. haemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii, and C. glabrata. Our findings indicate that gallium can inhibit fungal pathogens in vitro under iron-limiting conditions, showing that Ga(NO3)3 could be a potential therapy not only against bacteria but also as an antifungal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Wesley Bastos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Rossato
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara Valero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Namiecińska E, Sobiesiak M, Małecka M, Guga P, Rozalska B, Budzisz E. Antimicrobial and Structural Properties of Metal Ions Complexes with Thiosemicarbazide Motif and Related Heterocyclic Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:664-693. [PMID: 29493443 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180228164656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance acquired by various bacterial fungal and viral pathogens poses therapeutic problems of increasing severity. Among the infections that are very difficult to treat, biofilm-associated cases are one of the most hazardous. Complex structure of a biofilm and unique physiology of the biofilm cells contribute to their extremely high resistance to environmental conditions, antimicrobial agents and the mechanisms of host immune response. Therefore, the biofilm formation, especially by multidrugresistant pathogens, is a serious medical problem, playing a pivotal role in the development of chronic and recurrent infections. These factors create a limitation for using traditional chemiotherapeutics and contribute to a request for development of new approaches for treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, early reports on antimicrobial activity of several complexes of metal ions, bearing thiosemicarbazide or thiosemicarbazones as the ligands, gave a boost to worldwide search for new, more efficient compounds of this class, to be used as alternatives to commonly known drugs. In general, depending on the presence of other heteroatoms, these ligands may function in a di-, tri- or tetradentate forms (e.g., of N,S,-, N,N,S-, N,N,N,S-, N,N,S,S-, or N,S,O-type), which impose different coordination geometries to the resultant complexes. In the first part of this review, we describe the ways of synthesis and the structures of the ligands based on the thiosemicarbazone motif, while the second part deals with the antimicrobial activity of their complexes with selected metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Namiecińska
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Sobiesiak
- Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Department of Theoretical and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Guga
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Rozalska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Budzisz
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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7
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Sroor FM, Khatab TK, Basyouni WM, El-Bayouki KAM. Synthesis and molecular docking studies of some new thiosemicarbazone derivatives as HCV polymeraseinhibitors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1605443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid M. Sroor
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer K. Khatab
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wahid M. Basyouni
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khairy A. M. El-Bayouki
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Hijazi S, Visaggio D, Pirolo M, Frangipani E, Bernstein L, Visca P. Antimicrobial Activity of Gallium Compounds on ESKAPE Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:316. [PMID: 30250828 PMCID: PMC6139391 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ESKAPE bacteria are a major cause of multidrug-resistant infections, and new drugs are urgently needed to combat these pathogens. Given the importance of iron in bacterial physiology and pathogenicity, iron uptake and metabolism have become attractive targets for the development of new antibacterial drugs. In this scenario, the FDA-approved iron mimetic metal Gallium [Ga(III)] has been successfully repurposed as an antimicrobial drug. Ga(III) disrupts ferric iron-dependent metabolic pathways, thereby inhibiting microbial growth. This work provides the first comparative assessment of the antibacterial activity of Ga(NO3)3 (GaN), Ga(III)-maltolate (GaM), and Ga(III)-protoporphyrin IX (GaPPIX), belonging to the first-, second- and third-generation of Ga(III) formulations, respectively, on ESKAPE species, including reference strains and multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. In addition to the standard culture medium Mueller Hinton broth (MHB), iron-depleted MHB (DMHB) and RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% human serum (HS) (RPMI-HS) were also included in Ga(III)-susceptibility tests, because of their different nutrient and iron contents. All ESKAPE species were resistant to all Ga(III) compounds in MHB and DMHB (MIC > 32 μM), except Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, which were susceptible to GaPPIX. Conversely, the antibacterial activity of GaN and GaM was very evident in RPMI-HS, in which the low iron content and the presence of HS better mimic the in vivo environment. In RPMI-HS about 50% of the strains were sensitive (MIC < 32) to GaN and GaM, both compounds showing a similar spectrum of activity, although GaM was more effective than GaN. In contrast, GaPPIX lost its antibacterial activity in RPMI-HS likely due to the presence of albumin, which binds GaPPIX and counteracts its inhibitory effect. We also demonstrated that the presence of multiple heme-uptake systems strongly influences GaPPIX susceptibility in A. baumannii. Interestingly, GaN and GaM showed only a bacteriostatic effect, whereas GaPPIX exerted a bactericidal activity on susceptible strains. Altogether, our findings raise hope for the future development of Ga(III)-based compounds in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hijazi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
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9
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Sun N, Li D, Zhang Y, Killeen K, Groutas W, Calderone R. Repurposing an inhibitor of ribosomal biogenesis with broad anti-fungal activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17014. [PMID: 29209049 PMCID: PMC5717060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of new antifungal compounds with unique mechanisms of action is a concern for therapeutic management of patients. To identify inhibitors against human pathogenic fungi, we screened ~3000 compounds provided by the Developmental Therapeutics Program of NIH/NCI against a panel of pathogenic fungi including Candida species, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans. NSC319726 (a thiosemicarbazone) had broad antifungal activity in the range of 0.1–2.0 µg/ml and was also inhibitory to fluconazole-resistant isolates of Candida species. Synergy was demonstrated with NSC319726 and azoles, as well as caspofungin. The inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of NSC319726 was 35–800-fold higher than the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 50% (MIC50 values), which indicates low compound toxicity to human cells in vitro. Transcriptome analysis of treated and untreated C. albicans using Gene Ontology (GO) revealed a large cluster of down regulated genes that encode translational proteins, especially those with ribosome biogenesis functions. As NSC319726 was first shown to have anti-cancer activity, its affects against human pathogenic fungi establish NSC319726 as a repurposed, off-patent compound that has potential antifungal activity. The minimal in vitro toxicity of lead optimized NSC319726 and its reasonable inhibitory activity against pathogens suggest advancing this compound to in vivo toxicity testing and protection studies against candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Sun
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kyle Killeen
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
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Beckford FA, Brock A, Gonzalez-Sarrías A, Seeram NP. Cytotoxic gallium complexes containing thiosemicarbazones derived from 9-anthraldehyde: Molecular docking with biomolecules. J Mol Struct 2016; 1121:156-166. [PMID: 27980346 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a trio of gallium complexes bearing 9-anthraldehyde thiosemicarbazones. The complexes were assessed for their anticancer activity and their biophysical reactivity was also investigated. The three complexes displayed good cytotoxic profiles against two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT-116 and Caco-2. The IC50 ranged from 4.7 - 44.1 μM with the complex having an unsubstituted amino group on the thiosemicarbazone being the most active. This particular complex also showed a high therapeutic index. All three complexes bind strongly to DNA via intercalation with binding constants ranging from 7.46 × 104 M-1 to 3.25 × 105 M-1. The strength of the binding cannot be directly related to the level of anticancer activity. The complexes also bind strongly to human serum albumin with binding constants on the order of 104 - 105 M-1 as well. The complexes act as chemical nucleases as evidenced by their ability to cleave pBR322 plasmid DNA. The binding constants along with the cleavage results may suggest that the extent of DNA interaction is not directly correlated with anticancer activity. The results of docking studies with DNA, ribonucleotide reductase and human serum albumin, however showed that the complex with the best biological activity had the largest binding constant to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa Brock
- Science Division, Lyon College, Batesville, AR 72501, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Sarrías
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Alhalawani AM, Curran DJ, Pingguan-Murphy B, Boyd D, Towler MR. A Novel Glass Polyalkenoate Cement for Fixation and Stabilisation of the Ribcage, Post Sternotomy Surgery: An ex-Vivo Study. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:329-57. [PMID: 24956193 PMCID: PMC4030933 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the use of gallium (Ga) based glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) as a possible alternative adhesive in sternal fixation, post sternotomy surgery. The glass series consists of a Control (CaO-ZnO-SiO2), and LGa-1 and LGa-2 which contain Ga at the expense of zinc (Zn) in 0.08 mol% increments. The additions of Ga resulted in increased working time (75 s to 137 s) and setting time (113 to 254 s). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that this was a direct result of increased unreacted poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and the reduction of crosslink formation during cement maturation. LGa samples (0.16 wt % Ga) resulted in an altered ion release profile, particularly for 30 days analysis, with maximum Ca2+, Zn2+, Si4+ and Ga3+ ions released into the distilled water. The additions of Ga resulted in increased roughness and decreased contact angles during cement maturation. The presence of Ga has a positive effect on the compressive strength of the samples with strengths increasing over 10 MPa at 7 days analysis compared to the 1 day results. The additions of Ga had relatively no effect on the flexural strength. Tensile testing of bovine sterna proved that the LGa samples (0.16 wt % Ga) are comparable to the Control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M.F. Alhalawani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (A.M.F.A.); (B.P.-M.)
| | - Declan J. Curran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, ON, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (A.M.F.A.); (B.P.-M.)
| | - Daniel Boyd
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4R2, NS, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Mark R. Towler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (A.M.F.A.); (B.P.-M.)
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, ON, Canada; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-416-979-5000 (ext. 4518)
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12
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Lessa JA, Reis DC, Da Silva JG, Paradizzi LT, da Silva NF, Carvalho MDFA, Siqueira SA, Beraldo H. Coordination of thiosemicarbazones and bis(thiosemicarbazones) to bismuth(III) as a strategy for the design of metal-based antibacterial agents. Chem Biodivers 2013; 9:1955-66. [PMID: 22976983 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Complexes [Bi(2Fo4Ph)Cl(2)] (1), [Bi(2Ac4Ph)Cl(2)] (2), [Bi(2Bz4Ph)Cl(2)] (3), [Bi(H(2)Gy3DH)Cl(3)] (4), [Bi(H(2)Gy4Et)(OH)(2)Cl] (5), and [Bi(H(2)Gy4Ph)Cl(3)] (6) were prepared with pyridine-2-carbaldehyde 4-phenylthiosemicarbazone (H2Fo4Ph), 1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanone 4-phenylthiosemicarbazone (H2Ac4Ph), phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone 4-phenylthiosemicarbazone (H2Bz4Ph), as well as with glyoxaldehyde bis(thiosemicarbazone) (H(2)Gy4DH) and its 4-Et (H(2)Gy4Et) and 4-Ph (H(2)Gy4Ph) derivatives. The complexes exhibited antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Coordination to Bi(III) proved to be an effective strategy to increase the antibacterial activity of the thiosemicarbazones and bis(thiosemicarbazones).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josane A Lessa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Gallium(III) complexes with 2-acetylpyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones: antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects and investigation on the interactions with tubulin. Biometals 2013; 26:151-65. [PMID: 23344786 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Complexes [Ga(2Ac4pFPh)(2)]NO(3) (1), [Ga(2Ac4pClPh)(2)]NO(3) (2), [Ga(2Ac4pIPh)(2)]NO(3) (3), [Ga(2Ac4pNO(2)Ph)(2)]NO(3)·3H(2)O (4) and [Ga(2Ac4pT)(2)]NO(3) (5) were obtained with 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-fluorophenyl-(H2Ac4pFPh), 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-chlorophenyl-(H2Ac4pClPh), 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-iodophenyl-(H2Ac4pIPh), 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-nitrophenyl-(H2Ac4pNO(2)Ph) and 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-tolyl-(H2Ac4pT) thiosemicarbazone. 1-5 presented antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Coordination to gallium(III) proved to be an effective strategy for activity improvement against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The complexes were highly cytotoxic against malignant glioblastoma and breast cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations. The compounds induced morphological changes characteristic of apoptotic death in tumor cells and showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. 2 partially inhibited tubulin assembly at high concentrations and induced cellular microtubule disorganization, but this does not appear to be the main mechanism of cytotoxic activity.
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15
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Yang W, Liu H, Li M, Wang F, Zhou W, Fan J. Synthesis, structures and antibacterial activities of benzoylthiourea derivatives and their complexes with cobalt. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 116:97-105. [PMID: 23018272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four new thiocarbonyl fluorobenzamides and their complexes with cobalt have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, and (1)H NMR. Five crystal structures of the thioylbenzamides complexes of Co(PTCB)(3), Co(2FPTCB)(3), Co(4FPTCB)(3), Co(2FMTCB)(2) and Co(4FMTCB)(3) have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial properties of these compounds against the bacteria, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and Shewanella sp. were investigated. The experiments showed that both compounds and the complexes had the antibacterial activities against all of the studied bacteria. The thioylbenzamides had stronger controls for the bacteria of E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa than their corresponding cobalt complexes. There was the contrary result against the bacteria of Shewanella sp. The para-substitution of fluorine atom increased antibacterial activities, while fluorine atom was substituted on ortho-benzoyl, the antibacterial activity weakened. The thioylbenzamides linked to piperidine instead of a morpholine group may increase the antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
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16
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Parrilha GL, da Silva JG, Gouveia LF, Gasparoto AK, Dias RP, Rocha WR, Santos DA, Speziali NL, Beraldo H. Pyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones and their tin(IV) complexes with antifungal activity against Candida spp. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1473-82. [PMID: 21353348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[(n-Bu)Sn(2Ac4oClPh)Cl2] (1), [(n-Bu)Sn(2Ac4oFPh)Cl2] (2), [(n-Bu)Sn(2Ac4oNO2Ph)Cl2] (3), [(n-Bu)Sn(2Bz4oClPh)Cl2] (4), [(n-Bu)Sn(2Bz4oFPh)Cl2] (5) and [(n-Bu)Sn(2Bz4oNO2Ph)Cl2] (6) were obtained by reacting [(n-Bu)SnCl3] with 2-acetylpyridine-N4-orthochlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone (H2Ac4oClPh), 2-acetylpyridine-N4-orthofluorphenyl thiosemicarbazone (H2Ac4oFPh), 2-acetylpyridine-N4-orthonitrophenyl thiosemicarbazone (H2Ac4oNO2Ph), and with the corresponding 2-benzoylpyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones (H2Bz4oClPh, H2ABz4oFPh and H2Bz4oNO2Ph). The antifungal activity of the studied compounds was evaluated against several Candida species. Upon coordination of H2Bz4oNO2Ph to tin in complex (6) the antifungal activity increased three times against Candida albicans and Candida krusei and six times against Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of H2Ac4oNO2Ph and its complex (3) against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata are similar to that of fluconazole. All studied compounds were more active than fluconazole against C. krusei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrieli L Parrilha
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Chitambar CR. Medical applications and toxicities of gallium compounds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:2337-61. [PMID: 20623028 PMCID: PMC2898053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7052337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two to three decades, gallium compounds have gained importance in the fields of medicine and electronics. In clinical medicine, radioactive gallium and stable gallium nitrate are used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in cancer and disorders of calcium and bone metabolism. In addition, gallium compounds have displayed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity in animal models of human disease while more recent studies have shown that gallium compounds may function as antimicrobial agents against certain pathogens. In a totally different realm, the chemical properties of gallium arsenide have led to its use in the semiconductor industry. Gallium compounds, whether used medically or in the electronics field, have toxicities. Patients receiving gallium nitrate for the treatment of various diseases may benefit from such therapy, but knowledge of the therapeutic index of this drug is necessary to avoid clinical toxicities. Animals exposed to gallium arsenide display toxicities in certain organ systems suggesting that environmental risks may exist for individuals exposed to this compound in the workplace. Although the arsenic moiety of gallium arsenide appears to be mainly responsible for its pulmonary toxicity, gallium may contribute to some of the detrimental effects in other organs. The use of older and newer gallium compounds in clinical medicine may be advanced by a better understanding of their mechanisms of action, drug resistance, pharmacology, and side-effects. This review will discuss the medical applications of gallium and its mechanisms of action, the newer gallium compounds and future directions for development, and the toxicities of gallium compounds in current use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Chitambar
- Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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