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Pirolo M, Menezes M, Poulsen M, Søndergaard V, Damborg P, Poirier AC, La Ragione R, Schjærff M, Guardabassi L. A LAMP point-of-care test to guide antimicrobial choice for treatment of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pyoderma in dogs. Vet J 2024; 304:106105. [PMID: 38547963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most common cause of pyoderma in dogs. We validated a point-of-care (PoC) test based on colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid S. pseudintermedius identification and susceptibility testing for first line antimicrobials for systemic treatment of canine pyoderma, i.e., lincosamides, first generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin clavulanate. Newly designed LAMP primers targeting clinically relevant resistance genes were combined with a previously validated set of primers targeting spsL for species identification. After laboratory validation on 110 clinical isolates, we assessed the performance of the test on 101 clinical specimens using routine culture and susceptibility testing as a reference standard. The average hands-on and turnaround times for the PoC test were 30 and 90 min, respectively. The assay showed sensitivity and specificity near 100% for both species identification and susceptibility testing when performed on bacterial cultures or clinical specimens in the laboratory. However, the PoC test yielded less accurate results when performed on-site by clinical staff (92% sensitivity and 64% specificity for species identification, 67% sensitivity and 96% specificity for β-lactam susceptibility, and 83% sensitivity and 71% specificity for lincosamide susceptibility). These results indicate that the PoC test should be adapted to a user-friendly technology to facilitate performance and interpretation of results by clinical staff. If properly developed, the test would allow veterinarians to gain rapid information on antimicrobial choice, limiting the risk of treatment failure and facilitating adherence to antimicrobial use guidelines in small animal veterinary dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - M Menezes
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - M Poulsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - V Søndergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - P Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - A C Poirier
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - R La Ragione
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - M Schjærff
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - L Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.
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Larsen C, Offersen SM, Brunse A, Pirolo M, Kar SK, Guadabassi L, Thymann T. Effects of early postnatal gastric and colonic microbiota transplantation on piglet gut health. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:158. [PMID: 38143275 PMCID: PMC10749501 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a major cause of reduced growth and mortality in piglets during the suckling and weaning periods and poses a major threat to the global pig industry. Diarrhea and gut dysbiosis may in part be prevented via improved early postnatal microbial colonization of the gut. To secure better postnatal gut colonization, we hypothesized that transplantation of colonic or gastric content from healthy donors to newborn recipients would prevent diarrhea in the recipients in the post-weaning period. Our objective was to examine the impact of transplanting colonic or gastric content on health and growth parameters and paraclinical parameters in recipient single-housed piglets exposed to a weaning transition and challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). METHODS Seventy-two 1-day-old piglets were randomized to four groups: colonic microbiota transplantation (CMT, n = 18), colonic content filtrate transplantation (CcFT, n = 18), gastric microbiota transplantation (GMT, n = 18), or saline (CON, n = 18). Inoculations were given on d 2 and 3 of life, and all piglets were milk-fed until weaning (d 20) and shortly after challenged with ETEC (d 24). We assessed growth, diarrhea prevalence, ETEC concentration, organ weight, blood parameters, small intestinal morphology and histology, gut mucosal function, and microbiota composition and diversity. RESULTS Episodes of diarrhea were seen in all groups during both the milk- and the solid-feeding phase, possibly due to stress associated with single housing. However, CcFT showed lower diarrhea prevalence on d 27, 28, and 29 compared to CON (all P < 0.05). CcFT also showed a lower ETEC prevalence on d 27 (P < 0.05). CMT showed a higher alpha diversity and a difference in beta diversity compared to CON (P < 0.05). Growth and other paraclinical endpoints were similar across groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, only CcFT reduced ETEC-related post-weaning diarrhea. However, the protective effect was marginal, suggesting that higher doses, more effective modalities of administration, longer treatment periods, and better donor quality should be explored by future research to optimize the protective effects of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Simone Margaard Offersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anders Brunse
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Soumya Kanti Kar
- Animal Nutrition, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 1 De Elst, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Guadabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Subramani P, Menichincheri G, Pirolo M, Arcari G, Kudirkiene E, Polani R, Carattoli A, Damborg P, Guardabassi L. Genetic background of neomycin resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolated from Danish pig farms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0055923. [PMID: 37787538 PMCID: PMC10617424 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00559-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neomycin is the first-choice antibiotic for the treatment of porcine enteritis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Resistance to this aminoglycoside is on the rise after the increased use of neomycin due to the ban on zinc oxide. We identified the neomycin resistance determinants and plasmid contents in a historical collection of 128 neomycin-resistant clinical E. coli isolates from Danish pig farms. All isolates were characterized by whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, followed by conjugation experiments and long-read sequencing of eight selected representative strains. We detected 35 sequence types (STs) with ST100 being the most prevalent lineage (38.3%). Neomycin resistance was associated with two resistance genes, namely aph(3')-Ia and aph(3')-Ib, which were identified in 93% and 7% of the isolates, respectively. The aph(3')-Ia was found on different large conjugative plasmids belonging to IncI1α, which was present in 67.2% of the strains, on IncHI1, IncHI2, and IncN, as well as on a multicopy ColRNAI plasmid. All these plasmids except ColRNAI carried genes encoding resistance to other antimicrobials or heavy metals, highlighting the risk of co-selection. The aph(3')-Ib gene occurred on a 19 kb chimeric, mobilizable plasmid that contained elements tracing back its origin to distantly related genera. While aph(3')-Ia was flanked by either Tn903 or Tn4352 derivatives, no clear association was observed between aph(3')-Ib and mobile genetic elements. In conclusion, the spread of neomycin resistance in porcine clinical E. coli is driven by two resistance determinants located on distinct plasmid scaffolds circulating within a highly diverse population dominated by ST100. IMPORTANCE Neomycin is the first-choice antibiotic for the management of Escherichia coli enteritis in pigs. This work shows that aph(3')-Ia and to a lesser extent aph(3')-Ib are responsible for the spread of neomycin resistance that has been recently observed among pig clinical isolates and elucidates the mechanisms of dissemination of these two resistance determinants. The aph(3')-Ia gene is located on different conjugative plasmid scaffolds and is associated with two distinct transposable elements (Tn903 and Tn4352) that contributed to its spread. The diffusion of aph(3')-Ib is mediated by a small non-conjugative, mobilizable chimeric plasmid that likely derived from distantly related members of the Pseudomonadota phylum and was not associated with any detectable mobile genetic element. Although the spread of neomycin resistance is largely attributable to horizontal transfer, both resistance determinants have been acquired by a predominant lineage (ST100) associated with enterotoxigenic E. coli, which accounted for approximately one-third of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Subramani
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Menichincheri
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Arcari
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Egle Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Riccardo Polani
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Damborg P, Pirolo M, Schøn Poulsen L, Frimodt-Møller N, Guardabassi L. Dogs Can Be Reservoirs of Escherichia coli Strains Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Human Household Contacts. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1269. [PMID: 37627689 PMCID: PMC10451620 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role played by pets as reservoirs of Escherichia coli strains causing human urinary tract infections (UTIs) in household contacts. Among 119 patients with community-acquired E. coli UTIs, we recruited 19 patients who lived with a dog or a cat. Fecal swabs from the household pet(s) were screened by antimicrobial selective culture to detect E. coli displaying the resistance profile of the human strain causing UTI. Two dogs shed E. coli isolates indistinguishable from the UTI strain by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Ten months later, new feces from these dogs and their owners were screened selectively and quantitatively for the presence of the UTI strain, followed by core-genome phylogenetic analysis of all isolates. In one pair, the resistance phenotype of the UTI strain occurred more frequently in human (108 CFU/g) than in canine feces (104 CFU/g), and human fecal isolates were more similar (2-7 SNPs) to the UTI strain than canine isolates (83-86 SNPs). In the other pair, isolates genetically related to the UTI strain (23-40 SNPs) were only detected in canine feces (105 CFU/g). These results show that dogs can be long-term carriers of E. coli strains causing UTIs in human household contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.D.); (M.P.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.D.); (M.P.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Laura Schøn Poulsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.D.); (M.P.); (L.S.P.)
| | | | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.D.); (M.P.); (L.S.P.)
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5
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Pirolo M, Menezes M, Damborg P, Wegener A, Duim B, Broens E, Jessen LR, Schjærff M, Guardabassi L. In vitro and in vivo susceptibility to cefalexin and amoxicillin/clavulanate in canine low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023:7192855. [PMID: 37294541 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) lineages harbouring staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec types IV, V and ΨSCCmec57395 usually display low oxacillin MICs (0.5-2 mg/L). OBJECTIVES To evaluate how oxacillin MICs correlate with PBP mutations and susceptibility to β-lactams approved for veterinary use. METHODS Associations between MICs and PBP mutations were investigated by broth microdilution, time-kill and genome sequence analyses in 117 canine MRSP strains harbouring these SCCmec types. Clinical outcome was retrospectively evaluated in 11 MRSP-infected dogs treated with β-lactams. RESULTS Low-level MRSP was defined by an oxacillin MIC <4 mg/L. Regardless of strain genotype, all low-level MRSP isolates (n = 89) were cefalexin susceptible, whereas no strains were amoxicillin/clavulanate susceptible according to clinical breakpoints. Exposure to 2× MIC of cefalexin resulted in complete killing within 8 h. High (≥4 mg/L) oxacillin MICs were associated with substitutions in native PBP2, PBP3, PBP4 and acquired PBP2a, one of which (V390M in PBP3) was statistically significant by multivariable modelling. Eight of 11 dogs responded to systemic therapy with first-generation cephalosporins (n = 4) or amoxicillin/clavulanate (n = 4) alone or with concurrent topical treatment, including 6 of 7 dogs infected with low-level MRSP. CONCLUSIONS Oxacillin MIC variability in MRSP is influenced by mutations in multiple PBPs and correlates with cefalexin susceptibility. The expert rule recommending that strains with oxacillin MIC ≥0.5 mg/L are reported as resistant to all β-lactams should be reassessed based on these results, which are highly clinically relevant in light of the shortage of effective antimicrobials for systemic treatment of MRSP infections in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mareliza Menezes
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alice Wegener
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Els Broens
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisbeth Rem Jessen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mette Schjærff
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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6
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Pimentel de Araujo F, Pirolo M, Monaco M, Del Grosso M, Ambretti S, Lombardo D, Cassetti T, Gargiulo R, Riccobono E, Visca P, Pantosti A. Virulence Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Clones Causing Osteomyelitis in Italy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846167. [PMID: 35308345 PMCID: PMC8927738 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen causing osteomyelitis (OM). The aim of this study was to explore the clonal complex (CC) distribution and the pattern of virulence determinants of S. aureus isolates from OM in Italy. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 83 S. aureus isolates from OM cases in six hospitals. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 30.1% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The most frequent CCs detected were CC22, CC5, CC8, CC30, and CC15, which represent the most common lineages circulating in Italian hospitals. MRSA were limited in the number of lineages (CC22, CC5, CC8, and CC1). Phylogenetic analysis followed the sequence type-CC groupings and revealed a non-uniform distribution of the isolates from the different hospitals. No significant difference in the mean number of virulence genes carried by MRSA or MSSA isolates was observed. Some virulence genes, namely cna, fib, fnbA, coa, lukD, lukE, sak, and tst, were correlated with the CC. However, different categories of virulence factors, such as adhesins, exoenzymes, and toxins, were frequently detected and unevenly distributed among all lineages. Indeed, each lineage carried a variable combination of virulence genes, likely reflecting functional redundancy, and arguing for the importance of those traits for the pathogenicity in OM. In conclusion, no specific genetic trait in the most frequent lineages could explain their high prevalence among OM isolates. Our findings highlight that CCs detected in OM isolates follow the epidemiology of S. aureus infections in the country. It is conceivable that any of the most common S. aureus CC can cause a variety of infections, including OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pimentel de Araujo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Monica Monaco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Grosso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Unit of Microbiology, Policlinico S. Orsola, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Lombardo
- Unit of Microbiology, Policlinico S. Orsola, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cassetti
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, S. Agostino-Estense Hospital Baggiovara, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Gargiulo
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, S. Agostino-Estense Hospital Baggiovara, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Riccobono
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paolo Visca,
| | - Annalisa Pantosti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Visaggio D, Frangipani E, Hijazi S, Pirolo M, Leoni L, Rampioni G, Imperi F, Bernstein L, Sorrentino R, Ungaro F, Visca P. Variable Susceptibility to Gallium Compounds of Major Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:78-85. [PMID: 34965085 PMCID: PMC8762661 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
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The decreasing efficacy
of existing antibiotics against pulmonary
pathogens that affect cystic fibrosis (CF) patients calls for the
development of novel antimicrobials. Iron uptake and metabolism are
vital processes for bacteria, hence potential therapeutic targets.
Gallium [Ga(III)] is a ferric iron-mimetic that inhibits bacterial
growth by disrupting iron uptake and metabolism. In this work we evaluate
the efficacy of three Ga(III) compounds, namely, Ga(NO3)3, (GaN), Ga(III)-maltolate (GaM), and Ga(III)-protoporphyrin
IX (GaPPIX), against a collection of CF pathogens using both reference
media and media mimicking biological fluids. All CF pathogens, except Streptococcus pneumoniae, were susceptible to at
least one Ga(III) compound. Notably, Mycobacterium
abscessus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were susceptible to all Ga(III) compounds. Achromobacter
xylosoxidans, Burkholderia cepacia complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more susceptible to GaN and GaM, whereas Staphylococcus
aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were more sensitive to GaPPIX. The results of this study support
the development of Ga(III)-based therapy as a broad-spectrum strategy
to treat CF lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Fundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frangipani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Sarah Hijazi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Leoni
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Rampioni
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Fundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Imperi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Fundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Ungaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Fundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Visaggio D, Pirolo M, Frangipani E, Lucidi M, Sorrentino R, Mitidieri E, Ungaro F, Luraghi A, Peri F, Visca P. A Highly Sensitive Luminescent Biosensor for the Microvolumetric Detection of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Siderophore Pyochelin. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3273-3283. [PMID: 34476940 PMCID: PMC8477383 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pyochelin (PCH) siderophore produced by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important virulence factor, acting as a growth promoter during infection. While strong evidence exists for PCH production in vivo, PCH quantification in biological samples is problematic due to analytical complexity, requiring extraction from large volumes and time-consuming purification steps. Here, the construction of a bioluminescent whole cell-based biosensor, which allows rapid, sensitive, and single-step PCH quantification in biological samples, is reported. The biosensor was engineered by fusing the promoter of the PCH biosynthetic gene pchE to the luxCDABE operon, and the resulting construct was inserted into the chromosome of the ΔpvdAΔpchDΔfpvA siderophore-null P. aeruginosa mutant. A bioassay was setup in a 96-well microplate format, enabling the contemporary screening of several samples in a few hours. A linear response was observed for up to 40 nM PCH, with a lower detection limit of 1.64 ± 0.26 nM PCH. Different parameters were considered to calibrate the biosensor, and a detailed step-by-step operation protocol, including troubleshooting specific problems that can arise during sample preparation, was established to achieve rapid, sensitive, and specific PCH quantification in both P. aeruginosa culture supernatants and biological samples. The biosensor was implemented as a screening tool to detect PCH-producing P. aeruginosa strains on a solid medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
- Santa Lucia Fundation IRCCS, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frangipani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Francesca Ungaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Luraghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
- Santa Lucia Fundation IRCCS, Rome 00179, Italy
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9
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Pavia G, Gioffrè A, Pirolo M, Visaggio D, Clausi MT, Gherardi M, Samele P, Ciambrone L, Di Natale R, Spatari G, Visca P, Casalinuovo F. Seroprevalence and phylogenetic characterization of hepatitis E virus in pig farms in Southern Italy. Prev Vet Med 2021; 194:105448. [PMID: 34333413 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an emerging public health problem in industrialized countries. The infection is associated with waterborne epidemics and transmitted via faecal-oral route. Zoonotic cases of HEV in humans have increased in Europe, and HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) is the most frequent among humans and animals. Nevertheless, HEV surveillance in the Italian pig farming industry is patchy. Here, HEV prevalence in pig farms located in the Calabria region in Southern Italy was investigated. A total of 692 serum samples were collected from 26 farms and tested for anti-HEV IgG antibody detection. The percentage of HEV-seropositive pigs was 56.8 %. Small farm size, farrow-to-finishing production, and infrequent cleaning procedures were associated with higher HEV seroprevalence. In 12 of the HEV-seropositive farms, 67 faecal samples were collected and 10 of these (10.6 %) tested positive for HEV RNA. Seven of 10 viral RNA sequences were genotyped for phylogenetic analysis, five of which belonged to subtype HEV-3f and two to subtype HEV-3e. The high HEV seroprevalence and the circulation of HEV-3 strains among domestic pigs in the Calabria region pose a risk for the zoonotic transmission of HEV from pigs to occupational exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pavia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Gioffrè
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Lamezia Terme Research Centre, INAIL - National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Gherardi
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone Research Centre, INAIL - National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Samele
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Lamezia Terme Research Centre, INAIL - National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Lucia Ciambrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Natale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Spatari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
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Artuso I, Turrini P, Pirolo M, Lugli GA, Ventura M, Visca P. Phylogenomic Reconstruction and Metabolic Potential of the Genus Aminobacter. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061332. [PMID: 34205374 PMCID: PMC8235418 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Aminobacter are metabolically versatile organisms thriving in both natural and anthropized terrestrial environments. To date, the taxonomy of this genus is poorly defined due to the unavailability of the genomic sequence of A. anthyllidis LMG 26462T and the presence of unclassified Aminobacter strains. Here, we determined the genome sequence of A. anthyllidis LMG 26462T and performed phylogenomic, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of 17 members of genus Aminobacter. Our results indicate that 16S rRNA-based phylogeny does not provide sufficient species-level discrimination, since most of the unclassified Aminobacter strains belong to valid Aminobacter species or are putative new species. Since some members of the genus Aminobacter can utilize certain C1 compounds, such as methylamines and methyl halides, a comparative genomic analysis was performed to characterize the genetic basis of some degradative/assimilative pathways in the whole genus. Our findings suggest that all Aminobacter species are heterotrophic methylotrophs able to generate the methylene tetrahydrofolate intermediate through multiple oxidative pathways of C1 compounds and convey it in the serine cycle. Moreover, all Aminobacter species carry genes implicated in the degradation of phosphonates via the C-P lyase pathway, whereas only A. anthyllidis LMG 26462T contains a symbiosis island implicated in nodulation and nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Artuso
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (I.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Paolo Turrini
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (I.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.A.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.A.L.); (M.V.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (I.A.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0657336347
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Pimentel de Araujo F, Monaco M, Del Grosso M, Pirolo M, Visca P, Pantosti A. Staphylococcus aureus clones causing osteomyelitis: a literature review (2000-2020). J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 26:29-36. [PMID: 33965630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative organism of osteomyelitis (OM). Nevertheless, the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus causing OM remains ill-defined. This study aimed to address the global epidemiology of S. aureus clones from OM patients. METHODS Literature databases were searched for studies reporting the molecular typing of S. aureus involved in OM published between 1 January 2000 and 29 July 2020. Data from 32 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analysed for year of publication, country of patients, methicillin susceptibility and genotypic characteristics of S. aureus isolates. RESULTS Pandemic clones CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30 and CC45 were the most common in OM. The distribution of clones differed greatly among studies owing to the local epidemiology of S. aureus and the MSSA heterogeneity. PVL-positive MRSA clones belonging to ST80/CC80 and ST8/CC8/USA300 were the most common among paediatric patients in Europe and the USA; greater variability was observed in the adult population. In Europe, MRSA belonged to PVL-negative CC5, CC8 and CC22 indicating a nosocomial origin of infections; in Asia PVL-positive ST59/CC59 MRSA was the most frequent. PVL-positive clones were often detected in haematogenous OM in children and adults. Although MSSA were polyclonal, PVL-negative ST398/CC398 MSSA was the most prevalent clone in diabetic foot OM. CONCLUSION All major S. aureus clones circulating both in hospital and community settings appear to be capable of causing OM. Future studies reporting molecular typing and genomic data will provide more insights into the epidemiology and pathobiology of S. aureus clones causing OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pimentel de Araujo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy; Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Monaco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Del Grosso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pantosti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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12
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Artuso I, Turrini P, Pirolo M, Lucidi M, Tescari M, Visaggio D, Mansi A, Lugli GA, Ventura M, Visca P. Phylogenomic analysis and characterization of carbon monoxide utilization genes in the family Phyllobacteriaceae with reclassification of Aminobacter carboxidus (Meyer et al. 1993, Hördt et al. 2020) as Aminobacter lissarensis comb. nov. (McDonald et al. 2005). Syst Appl Microbiol 2021; 44:126199. [PMID: 33848814 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The monotypic carboxydophilic genus Carbophilus has recently been transferred to the genus Aminobacter within the family Phyllobacteriaceae, and Carbophilus carboxidus was renamed Aminobacter carboxidus (comb. nov.) [Hördt et al. 2020]. Due to the poor resolution of the 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny, an extensive phylogenomic analysis of the family Phyllobacteriaceae was conducted, with particular focus on the genus Aminobacter. Whole genome-based analyses of Phyllobacteriaceae type strains provided evidenced that the genus Aminobacter forms a monophyletic cluster, clearly demarcated from all other members of the family. Close relatedness between A. carboxidus DSM 1086T and A. lissarensis DSM 17454T was inferred from core proteome phylogeny, shared gene content, and multilocus sequence analyses. ANI and GGDC provided genetic similarity values above the species demarcating threshold for these two type strains. Metabolic profiling and cell morphology analysis corroborated the phenotypic identity between A. carboxidus DSM 1086T and A. lissarensis DSM 17454T. Search for the presence of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) genes in Phyllobacteriaceae genomes revealed that the form II CODH is widespread in the family, whereas form I CODH was detected in few Mesorhizobium type strains, and in both A. carboxidus DSM 1086T and A. lissarensis DSM 17454T. Results of phylogenomic, chemotaxonomic, and morphological investigations, combined with the presence of similarly arranged CODH genes, indicate that A. carboxidus DSM 1086T and A. lissarensis DSM 17454T are distinct strains of the same species. Hence A. carboxidus is a later subjective heterotypic synonym of A. lissarensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Artuso
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Turrini
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lucidi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tescari
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Mansi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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13
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Pirolo M, Espinosa-Gongora C, Bogaert D, Guardabassi L. The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:9. [PMID: 33499988 PMCID: PMC7934557 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structure of the respiratory microbiome and its complex interactions with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria has become a topic of great scientific and economic interest in livestock production, given the severe consequences of respiratory disease on animal health and welfare. The present review focuses on the microbial structures of the porcine upper and lower airways, and the factors that influence microbiome development and onset of respiratory disease. Following a literature search on PubMed and Scopus, 21 articles were selected based on defined exclusion criteria (20 studies performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and one by shotgun metagenomics). Analysis of the selected literature indicated that the microbial structure of the upper respiratory tract undergoes a remarkable evolution after birth and tends to stabilise around weaning. Antimicrobial treatment, gaseous ammonia concentration, diet and floor type are amongst the recognized environmental factors influencing microbiome structure. The predominant phyla of the upper respiratory tract are Proteobacteria and Firmicutes with significant differences at the genus level between the nasal and the oropharyngeal cavity. Only five studies investigated the lower respiratory tract and their results diverged in relation to the relative abundance of these two phyla and even more in the composition of the lung microbiome at the genus level, likely because of methodological differences. Reduced diversity and imbalanced microbial composition are associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease. However, most studies presented methodological pitfalls concerning specimen collection, sequencing target and depth, and lack of quality control. Standardization of sampling and sequencing procedures would contribute to a better understanding of the structure of the microbiota inhabiting the lower respiratory tract and its relationship with pig health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Espinosa-Gongora
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. .,Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom, Hawkhead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK.
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14
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Turrini P, Tescari M, Visaggio D, Pirolo M, Lugli GA, Ventura M, Frangipani E, Visca P. The microbial community of a biofilm lining the wall of a pristine cave in Western New Guinea. Microbiol Res 2020; 241:126584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Tomao P, Pirolo M, Agnoletti F, Pantosti A, Battisti A, Di Martino G, Visaggio D, Monaco M, Franco A, Pimentel de Araujo F, Palei M, Benini N, Motta C, Bovo C, Di Renzi S, Vonesch N, Visca P. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dairy farms in North-eastern Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 332:108817. [PMID: 32777624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus along the dairy production chain is an emerging public health problem with human, veterinary, and food safety issues. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has steadily increased in several European countries. In this study, the prevalence of S. aureus in raw cow milk and farm workers was investigated, and the trajectories of MRSA transmission at the primary stage of the dairy chain were assessed. To this purpose, a longitudinal survey was conducted in 618 dairy farms in two contiguous regions with high livestock density in North-eastern Italy. S. aureus contamination of bulk tank milk (BTM) was observed in more than 80% of farms, while MRSA prevalence was 3.6% and 15.9% in BTM and farm workers, respectively. The majority of MRSA isolates from both BTM and farm workers were assigned to ST398, and showed a worrisome multidrug-resistant phenotype. Enterotoxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were detected in 11.5% and 4.9% of MRSA isolates from both sources. Nearly all MRSA isolates from workers belonged to the same epidemiological type as BTM isolates from the corresponding farm, denoting a bidirectional MRSA transmission pattern. A focus on the ST398 spa type t899 MRSA lineage in the Italian livestock system highlighted the presence of two major clusters whose dissemination was likely facilitated by the selective pressure imposed by antimicrobial use in animal farming. Our findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of MRSA along the dairy production chain, not only to avoid transmission between animals and exposed workers, but also to contain the risk of raw milk and dairy product contamination by multidrug resistant and toxigenic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tomao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Agnoletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pantosti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Battisti
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Di Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Monica Monaco
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Franco
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Manlio Palei
- Regione Autonoma Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Direzione Centrale Salute, Integrazione Sociosanitaria e Politiche Sociali-Servizio Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Motta
- Ulss20 Verona, Direzione Sanitaria, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bovo
- Ulss20 Verona, Direzione Sanitaria, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Di Renzi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vonesch
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.
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Ciambrone L, Gioffrè A, Musarella R, Samele P, Visaggio D, Pirolo M, Clausi MT, Di Natale R, Gherardi M, Spatari G, Visca P, Casalinuovo F. Presence of Mycobacterium bovis in slaughterhouses and risks for workers. Prev Vet Med 2020; 181:105072. [PMID: 32629357 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to detect the presence of Mycobacterium bovis in slaughterhouses where intradermal tuberculin test positive cattle were slaughtered, and to evaluate the risk of contamination by M. bovis among exposed slaughterhouse workers. Swabs were taken from the carcasses of slaughtered animals showing autoptic signs of non-generalized forms of tuberculosis, thus authorized for free consumption. Swabs were also taken from the hands and clothes of the staff employed in the butchery production line. Environmental samplings were conducted on the slaughterhouse air using filters and air aspiration devices, and on water used to wash the carcasses after slaughter. Samples from the carcasses of healthy animals were also taken on a following slaughtering session. The swabs were analysed by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction for the detection of mycobacteria. M. bovis was detected on meats, on the hands of one worker, and in the washing water. The results obtained from this study confirm that workers are highly exposed to infection by zoonotic tuberculosis, and that cleaning procedures were ineffective in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ciambrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Sezione di Catanzaro, Viale Crotone, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Angela Gioffrè
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Lamezia Terme Research Centre, INAIL- National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Lamezia Terme, Contrada Ficarella, 88046, Lamezia Terme, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Musarella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Sezione di Catanzaro, Viale Crotone, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Samele
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Lamezia Terme Research Centre, INAIL- National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Lamezia Terme, Contrada Ficarella, 88046, Lamezia Terme, Italy.
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Viale Marconi n. 446, 00100, Roma, Italy.
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Viale Marconi n. 446, 00100, Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Clausi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Sezione di Catanzaro, Viale Crotone, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Natale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n. 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Monica Gherardi
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone Research Centre, INAIL- National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome. Via Fontana Candida n. 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Spatari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n. 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Viale Marconi n. 446, 00100, Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Casalinuovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Sezione di Catanzaro, Viale Crotone, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Pirolo M, Visaggio D, Gioffrè A, Artuso I, Gherardi M, Pavia G, Samele P, Ciambrone L, Di Natale R, Spatari G, Casalinuovo F, Visca P. Unidirectional animal-to-human transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in pig farming; evidence from a surveillance study in southern Italy. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:187. [PMID: 31832187 PMCID: PMC6873530 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) belonging to clonal complex 398 is recognized as an occupational hazard for workers employed in intensive animal husbandry, especially in the swine-breeding chain. In this study, we compared the prevalence and epidemiological type of MRSA isolates from swine and farm workers in a large area of southern Italy. Methods Between January and March 2018, 88 workers from 32 farms where we had previously performed a survey for MRSA colonization of farmed pigs, were sampled by nasal swabbing. A follow-up investigation was conducted on seven workers 1 year after primary screening. MRSA isolates were characterized by MLST, spa and SCCmec typing, and tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials. Epidemiological correlations between human and swine MRSA isolates were supported by Rep-MP3 and RAPD PCR fingerprinting, and whole-genome sequencing. Results The overall colonization rate of MRSA in swine farm workers was 21.6%, being significantly higher in intensive farms and in workers with direct animal contact. All human MRSA isolates were multi-drug resistant, belonged to the ST398 livestock clade, and did not carry Panton-Valentine leukocidin and enterotoxin genes. Notably, 94.1% of human MRSA isolates belonged to the same epidemiological type as swine MRSA isolates from the corresponding farm. Persistent MRSA carriage was documented in some workers 1 year after primary sampling. Conclusions We report a high prevalence of MRSA among swine farm workers, with higher colonization rates associated with intensive breeding and animal exposure. Our findings suggest unidirectional animal-to-human transmission of LA-MRSA and denote the high zoonotic transmissibility of the ST398 livestock clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pirolo
- 1Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- 1Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gioffrè
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Lamezia Terme Research Centre, INAIL - National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Irene Artuso
- 1Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Gherardi
- 3Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone Research Centre, INAIL - National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Pavia
- 4Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Samele
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Lamezia Terme Research Centre, INAIL - National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Lucia Ciambrone
- 4Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Natale
- 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Spatari
- 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Visca
- 1Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Lucidi M, Marsan M, Pudda F, Pirolo M, Frangipani E, Visca P, Cincotti G. Geometrical-optics approach to measure the optical density of bacterial cultures using a LED-based photometer. Biomed Opt Express 2019; 10:5600-5610. [PMID: 31799033 PMCID: PMC6865109 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a suitable geometrical-optics approach and demonstrate that it is possible to measure the optical density (OD) of bacterial cultures using a light emitting diode (LED)-based photometer. We measure both attenuation and spot-size variation, and we compensate for diffraction and stray-light impairment related to the incoherent source and large detection area. The approach is validated for different concentrations of two bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, that present different shapes and clustering organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Lucidi
- Engineering Department, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marsan
- Engineering Department, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pudda
- Engineering Department, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frangipani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cincotti
- Engineering Department, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Marsan M, Lucidi M, Pudda F, Pirolo M, Frangipani E, Visca P, Cincotti G. Geometrical-optics approach to increase the accuracy in LED-based photometers for point-of-care testing. Biomed Opt Express 2019; 10:3654-3662. [PMID: 31467797 PMCID: PMC6706031 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A geometrical-optics approach is proposed to increase the accuracy in photometric measurements, using a point-of-care testing (POCT) LED-based sensor. Due to stray-light effects, the measurement accuracy depends on the dimension of the CMOS area, where the radiation is detected. We propose two image processing approaches and evaluate the influence of the sensor area. In addition, we demonstrate that with the same measurement, both absorption coefficient and refractive index can be determined, measuring the beam attenuation and the spot-size enlargement due to ray refraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marsan
- Engineering Department, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lucidi
- Engineering Department, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pudda
- Engineering Department, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frangipani
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cincotti
- Engineering Department, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Pirolo M, Gioffrè A, Visaggio D, Gherardi M, Pavia G, Samele P, Ciambrone L, Di Natale R, Spatari G, Casalinuovo F, Visca P. Prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from swine in southern Italy. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:51. [PMID: 30808302 PMCID: PMC6390553 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colonization by livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) has increasingly been reported in the swine population worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage in healthy pigs, including the black (Calabrese) breed, from farms in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy). Between January and March 2018, a total of 475 healthy pigs reared in 32 farms were sampled by nasal swabbing. MRSA isolates were characterized by spa, MLST and SCCmec typing, and susceptibility testing to 17 antimicrobials. Results 22 of 32 (66.8%) pig farms resulted positive for MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA was 46.1% (219 MRSA culture-positive out of 475 samples). MRSA colonization was significantly higher in intensive farms and in pigs with a recent or ongoing antimicrobial treatment. All 219 MRSA isolates were assigned to ST398. The most common spa types were t011 (37.0%), t034 (22.4%) and t899 (15.1%). A novel spa type (t18290) was detected in one isolate. An insertion of IS256 in the ST398-specific A07 fragment of the SAPIG2195 gene was detected in 10 out of 81 t011 isolates. Nearly all isolates carried the SCCmec type V element, except 11 isolates that carried the SCCmec type IVc. None of the isolates was positive for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. All isolates were resistant to tetracycline. High resistance rates were also found for clindamycin (93.1%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (68.4%), fluoroquinolones (47.9–65.3%) and erythromycin (46.1%). None of the isolates was resistant to vancomycin and fusidic acid. Overall, a multidrug resistant phenotype was observed in 88.6% of isolates. Conclusions We report a high prevalence of MRSA among healthy swine in Southern Italy farms, with higher isolation frequency associated with intensive farming. The epidemiological types identified in our study reflect those reported in other European countries. Our findings underscore the importance of monitoring the evolution of LA-MRSA in pig farms in order to implement control measures and reduce the risk of spread in the animal population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1422-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gioffrè
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Lamezia Terme Research Centre, INAIL - National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Gherardi
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene , Monte Porzio Catone Research Centre, INAIL - National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Pavia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Samele
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Workplace and Environmental Hygiene, Lamezia Terme Research Centre, INAIL - National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Lucia Ciambrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Natale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Spatari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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Hijazi S, Visaggio D, Pirolo M, Frangipani E, Bernstein L, Visca P. Antimicrobial Activity of Gallium Compounds on ESKAPE Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:316. [PMID: 30250828 PMCID: PMC6139391 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ESKAPE bacteria are a major cause of multidrug-resistant infections, and new drugs are urgently needed to combat these pathogens. Given the importance of iron in bacterial physiology and pathogenicity, iron uptake and metabolism have become attractive targets for the development of new antibacterial drugs. In this scenario, the FDA-approved iron mimetic metal Gallium [Ga(III)] has been successfully repurposed as an antimicrobial drug. Ga(III) disrupts ferric iron-dependent metabolic pathways, thereby inhibiting microbial growth. This work provides the first comparative assessment of the antibacterial activity of Ga(NO3)3 (GaN), Ga(III)-maltolate (GaM), and Ga(III)-protoporphyrin IX (GaPPIX), belonging to the first-, second- and third-generation of Ga(III) formulations, respectively, on ESKAPE species, including reference strains and multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. In addition to the standard culture medium Mueller Hinton broth (MHB), iron-depleted MHB (DMHB) and RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% human serum (HS) (RPMI-HS) were also included in Ga(III)-susceptibility tests, because of their different nutrient and iron contents. All ESKAPE species were resistant to all Ga(III) compounds in MHB and DMHB (MIC > 32 μM), except Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, which were susceptible to GaPPIX. Conversely, the antibacterial activity of GaN and GaM was very evident in RPMI-HS, in which the low iron content and the presence of HS better mimic the in vivo environment. In RPMI-HS about 50% of the strains were sensitive (MIC < 32) to GaN and GaM, both compounds showing a similar spectrum of activity, although GaM was more effective than GaN. In contrast, GaPPIX lost its antibacterial activity in RPMI-HS likely due to the presence of albumin, which binds GaPPIX and counteracts its inhibitory effect. We also demonstrated that the presence of multiple heme-uptake systems strongly influences GaPPIX susceptibility in A. baumannii. Interestingly, GaN and GaM showed only a bacteriostatic effect, whereas GaPPIX exerted a bactericidal activity on susceptible strains. Altogether, our findings raise hope for the future development of Ga(III)-based compounds in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hijazi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
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