1
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Ahmad S, Mohammed M, Mekala LP, Anusha R, Sasikala C, Ramana CV. Stable isotope-assisted metabolite profiling reveals new insights into L-tryptophan chemotrophic metabolism of Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:98. [PMID: 36781830 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (APB) are metabolically versatile, capable of surviving with an extended range of carbon and nitrogen sources. This group of phototrophic bacteria have remarkable metabolic plasticity in utilizing an array of organic compounds as carbon source/electron donors and nitrogen sources with sophisticated growth modes. Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 is one such photosynthetic bacterium utilizes L-tryptophan as nitrogen source under phototrophic growth mode and produces an array of indolic compounds of biotechnological significance. However, chemotrophic L-tryptophan metabolism is largely unexplored and studying L-tryptophan metabolism under chemotrophic mode would provide new insights into metabolic potential of strain JA2. In the present study, we employed stable-isotopes assisted metabolite profiling to unravel the L-tryptophan catabolism in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus strain JA2 under chemotrophic (dark aerobic) conditions. Utilization of L-tryptophan as a nitrogen source for growth and simultaneous production of indole derivatives was observed in strain JA2. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of exo-metabolite profiling of carbon labeled L-tryptophan (13C11) fed cultures of strain JA2 revealed at least seventy labeled metabolites. Of these, only fourteen metabolites were confirmed using standards, while sixteen were putative and forty metabolites remained unidentified. L-tryptophan chemotrophic catabolism revealed multiple catabolic pathways and distinct differential catabolism of L-tryptophan under chemotropic state as compared to photo-catabolism of L-tryptophan in strain JA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Mujahid Mohammed
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.,Department of Botany, Bharathidasan Government College for Women, Muthialpet, Puducherry U.T., 605003, India
| | - Lakshmi Prasuna Mekala
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.,Department of Plant Science, Avvaiyar Government College for Women, Karaikal, Puducherry- U.T., 609 602, India
| | - Rai Anusha
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | | | - Chintalapati Venkata Ramana
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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2
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Herkenhoff ME, Bovolenta LA, Broedel O, Dos Santos LD, de Oliveira AC, Chuffa LGA, Ribeiro ADO, Lupi LA, Dias MAD, Hilsdorf AWS, Frohme M, Pinhal D. Variant expression signatures of microRNAs and protein related to growth in a crossbreed between two strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Genomics 2021; 113:4303-4312. [PMID: 34774982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a species of worldwide importance for aquaculture. A crossbred lineage was developed through introgressive backcross breeding techniques and combines the high growth performance of the Chitralada (CHIT) lwith attractive reddish color of the Red Stirling (REDS) strains. Since the crossbreed has an unknown genetically improved background, the objective of this work was to characterize expression signatures that portray the advantageous phenotype of the crossbreeds. We characterized the microRNA transcriptome by high throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) and the proteome through mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and applied bioinformatics for the comparative analysis of such molecular data on the three strains. Crossbreed expressed a distinct set of miRNAs and proteins compared to the parents. They comprised several microRNAs regulate traits of economic interest. Proteomic profiles revealed differences between parental and crossbreed in expression of proteins associated with glycolisis. Distinctive miRNA and protein signatures contribute to the phenotype of crossbreed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz A Bovolenta
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Oliver Broedel
- Division Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany.
| | - Lucilene D Dos Santos
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur C de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz G A Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de O Ribeiro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Lupi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marco A D Dias
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre W S Hilsdorf
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Division Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany.
| | - Danillo Pinhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Maki Y, Soejima H, Kitamura T, Sugiyama T, Sato T, Watahiki MK, Yamaguchi J. 3-Phenyllactic acid, a root-promoting substance isolated from Bokashi fertilizer, exhibits synergistic effects with tryptophan. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:9-16. [PMID: 34177319 PMCID: PMC8215458 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bokashi fertilizer, an organic fertilizer made of plant residue, has been used in Japan not only to fertilize plants but to regulate their growth. Lactic acid bacteria have been found to play an important role in the fermentation process of Bokashi, but the relationship between these bacteria and plant growth activity has not been clarified. Using the adzuki rooting assay, this study identified 3-phenyllactic acid (PLA) produced by lactic acid bacteria as a root promoting compound in Bokashi. PLA showed synergistic effect with tryptophan, but no stem elongation activity. Lactic acid bacteria produced equal quantities of the L- and D-forms of PLA, which have similar root promoting activity. PLA did not significantly affect the amount of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), although the chemical structure of PLA is highly similar to that of L-2-aminooxy-3-phenypropionic acid (L-AOPP), which inhibits IAA biosynthesis. These results indicate that the root promoting activity of PLA is not simply due to its increase in the amount of active auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Maki
- Snow Brand Seed Co. Ltd., 1066-5 Horonai, Naganuma, Hokkaido 069-1464, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Soejima
- Snow Brand Seed Co. Ltd., 1066-5 Horonai, Naganuma, Hokkaido 069-1464, Japan
| | - Toru Kitamura
- Snow Brand Seed Co. Ltd., 1066-5 Horonai, Naganuma, Hokkaido 069-1464, Japan
| | - Tamizi Sugiyama
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaaki K. Watahiki
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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4
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Tian L, Wang L. Multi-omics analysis reveals structure and function of biofilm microbial communities in a pre-denitrification biofilter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143908. [PMID: 33316516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The highly complex microbial communities in biofilm play crucial roles in the pollutant removal performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In the present study, using multi-omics analysis, we studied microbial structure, key enzymes, functional traits, and key metabolic pathways of pre-denitrification biofilter in an urban WWTP in China. The analysis results of metagenomic and metaproteomic showed that Betaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia were dominant in biofilms. The integrated metagenomic and metaproteomic data showed that the expression of nitrogen metabolism genes was high, and the high proportion of denitrification module indicating that denitrification was the main nitrogen removal pathway. The most abundant denitrifying bacterial genera were: Dechloromonas, Acidovorax, Bosea, Polaromonas, and Chryseobacterium. And microorganisms with denitrification potential may not be able to denitrify in the actual operation of the filter. The integrated analysis of metaproteomic and metabolomic showed that there was a correlation between biofilm microorganisms and metabolites. Metabolomic analysis indicated that metabolic profiles of biofilms varied with layer height. This study provides the first detailed microbial communities and metabolic profiles in a full-scale pre-denitrification biofilter and clarifies the mechanism of denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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5
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Ahmad S, Mohammed M, Mekala LP, Chintalapati S, Chintalapati VR. Tryptophan, a non-canonical melanin precursor: New L-tryptophan based melanin production by Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8925. [PMID: 32488041 PMCID: PMC7265499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanins are chemically diverse ubiquitous pigments found across the life forms synthesized via different biochemical pathways mainly from L-tyrosine or acetyl CoA. Though few reports suggest the possibility of tryptophan-based melanin synthesis, however, such tryptophan-based melanin and its biosynthesis remained a biochemical riddle. Here we report tryptophan-based melanin production by bacterium, Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. Aerobic cultures of strain JA2 produced brown pigment when grown on L-tryptophan-containing media. Purified pigment showed typical physico-chemical properties of melanin. Further, extensive spectroscopic studies revealed that pigment is an amorphous, indole-type polymer with stable free radical centers. Further, hydrolysis of the brown pigment revealed the presence of indole moiety, confirming the indolic nature of the pigment. Demonstration of in vitro and in vivo pigment synthesis directly from L-tryptophan or hydroxytryptophan confirms tryptophan-based melanin synthesis in strain JA2. Interestingly, canonical melanin biosynthetic inhibitors did not affect the pigment synthesis indicating possible non-canonical tryptophan-based melanin biosynthesis in strain JA2. Further, the exometabolite profiling and precursor feeding studies suggests that L-tryptophan converted to hydroxytryptophan/hydroxyindoles and their subsequent polymerization lead to the formation of melanin. The current study sheds light on biosynthetic diversity of melanins and L-tryptophan can be a potential precursor for melanin synthesis in life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Mujahid Mohammed
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.,Department of Botany, Bharathidasan Government College for Women, Puducherry, U.T. - 605003, India
| | - Lakshmi Prasuna Mekala
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.,Department of Plant Sciences, Avvaiyar Government College for Women, Karaikal, Puducherry, U.T 609602, India
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6
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Precursor-feeding and altered-growth conditions reveal novel blue pigment production by Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:813-822. [PMID: 31069568 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential of Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 using a new metabolite mining strategy. RESULTS Combination of precursor-feeding and altered growth conditions were used to mine new biomolecules. Strain JA2 utilised L-phenylalanine as sole source of nitrogen and showed pigments production only under phenylalanine-amended aerobic cultures. Stable isotope based precursor feeding studies indicated the blue pigment consists of 4-phenyl rings derived from L-phenylalanine. The purified blue pigment displayed characteristic visible-absorption and pH-dependent color variations. Precursor-feeding under altered growth conditions activated the plausible novel aromatic pigment production in strain JA2. CONCLUSION Our approach unraveled the previously unknown pigment synthesis in strain JA2 and demonstrated the potential of mining strategy in discovering the hidden secondary metabolite repertoire in microorganisms.
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Guan J, Han C, Guan Y, Zhang S, Yun J, Yao S. Optimizational production of phenyllactic acid by a Lactobacillus buchneri strain via uniform design with overlay sampling methodology. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Gupta D, Mohammed M, Mekala LP, Chintalapati S, Chintalapati VR. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals insights into metabolic and molecular responses of glucose-grown cells of Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. J Proteomics 2018; 194:49-59. [PMID: 30597313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria thrive under diverse habitats utilising an extended range of inorganic/organic compounds under different growth modes. Although they display incredible metabolic flexibility, their responses and adaptations to changing carbon regimes is largely unexplored. In the present study, we employed iTRAQ-based global proteomic profiling and physiological studies to uncover the adaptive strategies of a phototrophic bacterium, Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 to glucose. Strain JA2 displayed altered growth rates, reduced cell size and progressive loss of pigmentation when grown on glucose compared to malate under photoheterotrophic condition. A ten-fold increase in the saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio of glucose-grown cells indicates a possible membrane adaptation. Proteomic profiling revealed extensive metabolic remodelling in the glucose-grown cells wherein signal-transduction, selective-transcription, DNA-repair, transport and protein quality control processes were up-regulated to cope with the changing milieu. Proteins involved in DNA replication, translation, electron-transport, photosynthetic machinery were down-regulated possibly to conserve the energy. Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle and pigment biosynthesis were also down-regulated. The cell has activated alternative energy metabolic pathways viz., fatty acid β-oxidation, glyoxylate, acetate-switch and Entner-Doudoroff pathways. Overall, the present study deciphered the molecular/metabolic events associated with glucose-grown cells of strain JA2 and also unraveled how a carbon source modulates the metabolic phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE: Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (APB) exhibit incredible metabolic flexibility leading to diverse phenotypes. They thrive under diverse habitat using an array of inorganic/organic compounds as carbon sources, yet their metabolic adaptation to varying carbon regime is mostly unexplored. Present study uncovered the proteomic insights of the cellular responses of strain JA2 to changing carbon sources viz. malate and glucose under photoheterotrophic conditions. Our study suggests that carbon source can also determine the metabolic fate of the cells and reshape the energy dynamics of APB. Here, for the first time study highlighted the plausible carbon source (glucose) mediated regulation of photosynthesis in APB. The study sheds light on the plausible cellular events and adaptive metabolic strategies employed by strain JA2 in presence of non-preferred carbon source. It also revealed new insights into the metabolic plasticity of APB to the changing milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Gupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Central University, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Mujahid Mohammed
- Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Central University, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Lakshmi Prasuna Mekala
- Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Central University, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Sasikala Chintalapati
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, IST, JNT University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India
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Mekala LP, Mohammed M, Chinthalapati S, Chinthalapati VR. Pyomelanin production: Insights into the incomplete aerobic l-phenylalanine catabolism of a photosynthetic bacterium, Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 126:755-764. [PMID: 30572055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 is a metabolically versatile bacterium, thrives on a wide array of organic compounds under different growth modes. Though genomic insights revealed the aromatic compound catabolic potential of strain JA2 under anaerobic/aerobic conditions, the studies are largely restricted to anaerobic metabolism. The previous study on phenylalanine metabolism in strain JA2 indicated melanin-like pigment production under aerobic conditions; however, characterization of pigment and its biosynthetic pathway is not explored. The current study aims at the characterization of pigment and elucidation of its biosynthetic pathway. Strain JA2 utilized l-phenylalanine as source of nitrogen under anaerobic/aerobic conditions but not as a carbon source. Strain JA2 produced a brown-pigment under phenylalanine-amended aerobic conditions. Spectroscopic and physicochemical analysis identified the purified brown-pigment as a melanin. Further, the genomic insights revealed the presence of a complete set of genes related to pyomelanin synthesis. Identification of key metabolites l-tyrosine, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and homogentisic acid and their respective enzyme activities further supports the pyomelanin synthesis. Moreover, the precursors feeding, pathway specific inhibitor studies confirmed the pyomelanin synthesis in strain JA2. Our study revealed an incomplete catabolism of phenylalanine; absence of ring cleavage gene, homogentisate dioxygenase leading to homogentisate accumulation thereby pyomelanin synthesis in strain JA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Prasuna Mekala
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Mujahid Mohammed
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Sasikala Chinthalapati
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, IST, JNT University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India
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10
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Guan J, Guan YX, Yun J, Yao SJ. Chromatographic separation of phenyllactic acid from crude broth using cryogels with dual functional groups. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1554:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Zhao W, Ding H, Lv C, Hu S, Huang J, Zheng X, Yao S, Mei L. Two-step biocatalytic reaction using recombinant Escherichia coli cells for efficient production of phenyllactic acid from l-phenylalanine. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Zhu Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Chen J, Wang L, Qi B. Enantioselective Biosynthesis of l-Phenyllactic Acid by Whole Cells of Recombinant Escherichia coli. Molecules 2017; 22:E1966. [PMID: 29140277 PMCID: PMC6150373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-Phenyllactic acid (l-PLA)-a valuable building block in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry-has recently emerged as an important monomer in the composition of the novel degradable biocompatible material of polyphenyllactic acid. However, both normally chemically synthesized and naturally occurring phenyllactic acid are racemic, and the product yields of reported l-PLA synthesis processes remain unsatisfactory. METHODS We developed a novel recombinant Escherichia coli strain, co-expressing l-lactate dehydrogenase (l-LDH) from Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus megaterium, to construct a recombinant oxidation/reduction cycle for whole-cell biotransformation of phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) into chiral l-PLA in an enantioselective and continuous manner. RESULTS During fed-batch bioconversion with intermittent PPA feeding, l-PLA yield reached 103.8 mM, with an excellent enantiomeric excess of 99.7%. The productivity of l-PLA was as high as 5.2 mM·h-1 per OD600 (optical density at 600 nm) of whole cells. These results demonstrate the efficient production of l-PLA by the one-pot biotransformation system. Therefore, this stereoselective biocatalytic process might be a promising alternative for l-PLA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology of Suzhou, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Jiayuzi Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Jiahao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Limei Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology of Suzhou, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Bin Qi
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology of Suzhou, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
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13
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Mekala LP, Mohammed M, Chintalapati S, Chintalapati VR. Stable Isotope-Assisted Metabolic Profiling Reveals Growth Mode Dependent Differential Metabolism and Multiple Catabolic Pathways of l-Phenylalanine in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:189-202. [PMID: 29043820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are metabolically versatile and survive under different growth modes using diverse organic compounds, yet their metabolic diversity is largely unexplored. In the present study, we employed stable-isotope-assisted metabolic profiling to unravel the l-phenylalanine catabolism in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 under varying growth modes. Strain JA2 grows under anaerobic and aerobic conditions by utilizing l-phenylalanine as a nitrogen source. Furthermore, ring-labeled 13C6-phenylalanine feeding followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry exometabolite profiling revealed 60 labeled metabolic features (M + 6, M + 12, and M + 18) derived solely from l-phenylalanine, of which 11 were identified, 7 putatively identified, and 42 unidentified under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. However, labeled metabolites were significantly higher in aerobic compared to anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, detected metabolites and enzyme activities indicated multiple l-phenylalanine catabolic routes mainly Ehrlich, homogentisate-dependent melanin, benzenoid, and unidentified pathways operating under anaerobic and aerobic conditions in strain JA2. Interestingly, the study indicated l-phenylalanine-dependent and independent benzenoid biosynthesis in strain JA2 and a differential flux of l-phenylalanine to Ehrlich and benzenoid pathways under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Additionally, unidentified labeled metabolites strongly suggest the presence of unknown phenylalanine catabolic routes in strain JA2. Overall, the study uncovered the l-phenylalanine catabolic diversity in strain JA2 and demonstrated the potential of stable isotope-assisted metabolomics in unraveling the hidden metabolic repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Prasuna Mekala
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Mujahid Mohammed
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Sasikala Chintalapati
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science & Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Ramana Chintalapati
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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14
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Novel strategy for phenyllactic acid biosynthesis from phenylalanine by whole cell recombinant Escherichia coli coexpressing l-phenylalanine oxidase and l-lactate dehydrogenase. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 40:165-171. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Fowble KL, Teramoto K, Cody RB, Edwards D, Guarrera D, Musah RA. Development of “Laser Ablation Direct Analysis in Real Time Imaging” Mass Spectrometry: Application to Spatial Distribution Mapping of Metabolites Along the Biosynthetic Cascade Leading to Synthesis of Atropine and Scopolamine in Plant Tissue. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3421-3429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Fowble
- State University of New York at Albany, Department
of Chemistry, 1400 Washington
Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Kanae Teramoto
- JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan 196-8558
| | - Robert B. Cody
- JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, Massachusetts 01960, United States
| | - David Edwards
- JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, Massachusetts 01960, United States
| | - Donna Guarrera
- JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, Massachusetts 01960, United States
| | - Rabi A. Musah
- State University of New York at Albany, Department
of Chemistry, 1400 Washington
Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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16
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Preidis GA, Ajami NJ, Wong MC, Bessard BC, Conner ME, Petrosino JF. Microbial-Derived Metabolites Reflect an Altered Intestinal Microbiota during Catch-Up Growth in Undernourished Neonatal Mice. J Nutr 2016; 146:940-8. [PMID: 27052538 PMCID: PMC4841929 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.229179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein-energy undernutrition during early development confers a lifelong increased risk of obesity-related metabolic disease. Mechanisms by which metabolic abnormalities persist despite catch-up growth are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether abnormal metabolomic and intestinal microbiota profiles from undernourished neonatal mice remain altered during catch-up growth. METHODS Male and female CD1 mouse pups were undernourished by timed separation from lactating dams for 4 h at 5 d of age, 8 h at 6 d of age, and 12 h/d from 7 to 15 d of age, then resumed ad libitum nursing, whereas controls fed uninterrupted. Both groups were weaned simultaneously to a standard unpurified diet. At 3 time points (0, 1, and 3 wk after ending feed deprivation), metabolites in urine, plasma, and stool were identified with the use of mass spectrometry, and fecal microbes were identified with the use of 16S metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS Undernourished mice completely recovered deficits of 36% weight and 9% length by 3 wk of refeeding, at which time they had 1.4-fold higher plasma phenyllactate and 2.0-fold higher urinary p-cresol sulfate concentrations than did controls. Plasma serotonin concentrations in undernourished mice were 25% lower at 0 wk but 1.5-fold higher than in controls at 3 wk. Whereas most urine and plasma metabolites normalized with refeeding, 117 fecal metabolites remained altered at 3 wk, including multiple N-linked glycans. Microbiota profiles from undernourished mice also remained distinct, with lower mean proportions of Bacteroidetes (67% compared with 83%) and higher proportions of Firmicutes (26% compared with 16%). Abundances of the mucolytic organisms Akkermansia muciniphila and Mucispirillum schaedleri were altered at 0 and 1 wk. Whereas microbiota from undernourished mice at 0 wk contained 11% less community diversity (P = 0.015), refed mice at 3 wk harbored 1.2-fold greater diversity (P = 0.0006) than did controls. CONCLUSION Microbial-derived metabolites and intestinal microbiota remain altered during catch-up growth in undernourished neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Preidis
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and,Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Matthew C Wong
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and,Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Brooke C Bessard
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX; and
| | | | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and,Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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17
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Zheng Z, Zhao M, Zang Y, Zhou Y, Ouyang J. Production of optically pure L-phenyllactic acid by using engineered Escherichia coli coexpressing L-lactate dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase. J Biotechnol 2015; 207:47-51. [PMID: 26008622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
L-Phenyllactic acid (L-PLA) is a novel antiseptic agent with broad and effective antimicrobial activity. In addition, L-PLA has been used for synthesis of poly(phenyllactic acid)s, which exhibits better mechanical properties than poly(lactic acid)s. However, the concentration and optical purity of L-PLA produced by native microbes was rather low. An NAD-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-nLDH) from Bacillus coagulans NL01 was confirmed to have a good ability to produce L-PLA from phenylpyruvic acid (PPA). In the present study, l-nLDH gene and formate dehydrogenase gene were heterologously coexpressed in Escherichia coli. Through two coupled reactions, 79.6mM l-PLA was produced from 82.8mM PPA in 40min and the enantiomeric excess value of L-PLA was high (>99%). Therefore, this process suggested a promising alternative for the production of chiral l-PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Li X, Ning Y, Liu D, Yan A, Wang Z, Wang S, Miao M, Zhu H, Jia Y. Metabolic mechanism of phenyllactic acid naturally occurring in Chinese pickles. Food Chem 2015; 186:265-70. [PMID: 25976820 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenyllactic acid, a phenolic acid phytochemical with the antimicrobial activity, was rarely reported in food besides honey and sourdough. This study evidenced a new food source of phenyllactic acid and elucidated its metabolic mechanism. Phenyllactic acid naturally occurred in Chinese pickles with concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.30 mM in 23 pickle samples including homemade and commercial ones. Then, lactic acid bacteria capable of metabolizing phenyllactic acid were screened from each homemade pickle and a promising strain was characterized as Lactobacillus plantarum. Moreover, the investigation of the metabolic mechanism of phenyllactic acid in pickles suggested that the yield of phenyllactic acid was positively related to the content of phenylalanine in food, and the addition of phenylalanine as precursor substance could significantly promote the production of phenyllactic acid. This investigation could provide some insights into the accumulation of phenyllactic acid in pickle for long storage life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Li
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 70 Yuhuadonglu, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Yawei Ning
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 70 Yuhuadonglu, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Dou Liu
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd., No. 36 Shitonglu, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050221, PR China
| | - Aihong Yan
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 70 Yuhuadonglu, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 70 Yuhuadonglu, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd., No. 36 Shitonglu, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050221, PR China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd., No. 36 Shitonglu, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050221, PR China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 70 Yuhuadonglu, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China.
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19
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Carbon catabolite repression-independent and pH-dependent production of indoles by Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:399-405. [PMID: 23666086 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 produces indole derivatives (indoles) from aniline, anthranilate or L-tryptophan. Glucose repressed indole production in R. benzoatilyticus JA2, while malate had no effect. Growth of R. benzoatilyticus JA2 on glucose resulted in decrease in culture pH (6.4) compared with malate (8.4). Growth of R. benzoatilyticus JA2 on sugar carbon sources decreased culture pH (6.4-6.6) and indole production. Further, culture pH of 6.4 repressed the indole production, and pH 8.4 promoted the production irrespective of carbon sources used for growth. Moreover, correlation between indole production and culture pH was observed, where acidic pH inhibited indole production, while alkaline pH promoted the production, suggesting the role of pH in indole production. Tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme activities are significantly high in malate-grown cultures (pH 8.4) compared with that of the glucose (pH 6.4)-grown cultures and corroborated well with indole production, indicating their role in indole production. These results confirm that indole production in R. benzoatilyticus JA2 is pH dependent rather than carbon catabolite repression.
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