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Reddy BD, Kumar B, Sahni S, Yashaswini G, Karthik S, Reddy MSS, Kumar R, Mukherjee U, Krishna KS. Harnessing the power of native biocontrol agents against wilt disease of Pigeonpea incited by Fusarium udum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12500. [PMID: 38822009 PMCID: PMC11143286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by (Fusarium udum Butler), is a significant threat to pigeonpea crops worldwide, leading to substantial yield losses. Traditional approaches like fungicides and resistant cultivars are not practical due to the persistent and evolving nature of the pathogen. Therefore, native biocontrol agents are considered to be more sustainable solution, as they adapt well to local soil and climatic conditions. In this study, five isolates of F. udum infecting pigeonpea were isolated from various cultivars and characterized morphologically and molecularly. The isolate from the ICP 8858 cultivar displayed the highest virulence of 90%. Besides, 100 endophytic bacteria, 100 rhizosphere bacteria and three Trichoderma spp. were isolated and tested against F. udum isolated from ICP 8858 under in vitro conditions. Out of the 200 bacteria tested, nine showed highest inhibition, including Rb-4 (Bacillus sp.), Rb-11 (B. subtilis), Rb-14 (B. megaterium), Rb-18 (B. subtilis), Rb-19 (B. velezensis), Eb-8 (Bacillus sp.), Eb-11 (B. subtilis), Eb-13 (P. aeruginosa), and Eb-21 (P. aeruginosa). Similarly, Trichoderma spp. were identified as T. harzianum, T. asperellum and Trichoderma sp. Notably, Rb-18 (B. subtilis) and Eb-21 (P. aeruginosa) exhibited promising characteristics such as the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), cellulase, siderophores, ammonia and nutrient solubilization. Furthermore, treating pigeonpea seedlings with these beneficial microorganisms led to increased levels of key enzymes (POD, PPO, and PAL) associated with resistance to Fusarium wilt, compared to untreated controls. In field trials conducted for four seasons, the application of these potential biocontrol agents as seed treatments on the susceptible ICP2376 cultivar led to the lowest disease incidence. Specifically, treatments T2 (33.33) (P. aeruginosa) and T3 (35.41) (T. harzianium) exhibited the lowest disease incidence, followed by T6 (36.5) (Carbendizim), T1 (36.66) (B. subtilis), T4 (52.91) (T. asperellum) and T5 (53.33) (Trichoderma sp.). Results of this study revealed that, P. aeruginosa (Eb-21), B. subtilis (Rb-18) and T. harzianum can be used for plant growth promotion and management of Fusarium wilt of pigeonpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Deepak Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India.
| | - Birendra Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Sangita Sahni
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - G Yashaswini
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Somala Karthik
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - M S Sai Reddy
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - U Mukherjee
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - K Sai Krishna
- Department of Basic Sciences and Languages, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
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El Housni Z, Ezrari S, Radouane N, Tahiri A, Ouijja A, Errafii K, Hijri M. Evaluating Rhizobacterial Antagonists for Controlling Cercospora beticola and Promoting Growth in Beta vulgaris. Microorganisms 2024; 12:668. [PMID: 38674613 PMCID: PMC11052011 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cercospora beticola Sacc. is an ascomycete pathogen that causes Cercospora leaf spot in sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) and other related crops. It can lead to significant yield losses if not effectively managed. This study aimed to assess rhizosphere bacteria from sugar beet soil as a biological control agent against C. beticola and evaluate their effect on B. vulgaris. Following a dual-culture screening, 18 bacteria exhibiting over 50% inhibition were selected, with 6 of them demonstrating more than 80% control. The bacteria were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, revealing 12 potential species belonging to 6 genera, including Bacillus, which was represented by 4 species. Additionally, the biochemical and molecular properties of the bacteria were characterized in depth, as well as plant growth promotion. PCR analysis of the genes responsible for producing antifungal metabolites revealed that 83%, 78%, 89%, and 56% of the selected bacteria possessed bacillomycin-, iturin-, fengycin-, and surfactin-encoding genes, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of a lipopeptide structure in the bacterial supernatant filtrate. Subsequently, the bacteria were assessed for their effect on sugar beet plants in controlled conditions. The bacteria exhibited notable capabilities, promoting growth in both roots and shoots, resulting in significant increases in root length and weight and shoot length. A field experiment with four bacterial candidates demonstrated good performance against C. beticola compared to the difenoconazole fungicide. These bacteria played a significant role in disease control, achieving a maximum efficacy of 77.42%, slightly below the 88.51% efficacy attained with difenoconazole. Additional field trials are necessary to verify the protective and growth-promoting effects of these candidates, whether applied individually, combined in consortia, or integrated with chemical inputs in sugar beet crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariae El Housni
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune, Meknès 50050, Morocco; (Z.E.H.); (A.O.)
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, BPS 40, Meknès 50001, Morocco;
| | - Said Ezrari
- Microbiology Unit, Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Oujda, University Mohammed Premier, P.O. Box 724 Hay Al Quods, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Nabil Radouane
- African Genome Center, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (N.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Abdessalem Tahiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, BPS 40, Meknès 50001, Morocco;
| | - Abderrahman Ouijja
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune, Meknès 50050, Morocco; (Z.E.H.); (A.O.)
| | - Khaoula Errafii
- African Genome Center, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (N.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- African Genome Center, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (N.R.); (K.E.)
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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Wolfgang A, Temme N, Tilcher R, Berg G. Understanding the sugar beet holobiont for sustainable agriculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151052. [PMID: 37138624 PMCID: PMC10149816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of crop-associated microbiomes for the health and field performance of plants has been demonstrated in the last decades. Sugar beet is the most important source of sucrose in temperate climates, and-as a root crop-yield heavily depends on genetics as well as on the soil and rhizosphere microbiomes. Bacteria, fungi, and archaea are found in all organs and life stages of the plant, and research on sugar beet microbiomes contributed to our understanding of the plant microbiome in general, especially of microbiome-based control strategies against phytopathogens. Attempts to make sugar beet cultivation more sustainable are increasing, raising the interest in biocontrol of plant pathogens and pests, biofertilization and -stimulation as well as microbiome-assisted breeding. This review first summarizes already achieved results on sugar beet-associated microbiomes and their unique traits, correlating to their physical, chemical, and biological peculiarities. Temporal and spatial microbiome dynamics during sugar beet ontogenesis are discussed, emphasizing the rhizosphere formation and highlighting knowledge gaps. Secondly, potential or already tested biocontrol agents and application strategies are discussed, providing an overview of how microbiome-based sugar beet farming could be performed in the future. Thus, this review is intended as a reference and baseline for further sugar beet-microbiome research, aiming to promote investigations in rhizosphere modulation-based biocontrol options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wolfgang
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Nora Temme
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Einbeck, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gabriele Berg
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Characteristics changes on Applications of Antibiotics and Current Approaches to Enhance Productivity with Soil Microbiome. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of environmental sully with antibiotics is regarded as a major problem today and predictable to attain more recognition in near future. However, human intervention resulting in antibiotic consumption is being enhancing all around the world. Our review of literature revealed the role of microbiome in sully and how antibiotic resistant genes raised. The structure of antibiotics basically influenced by natural components such as biotic and abiotic push which shifts based on different soils. Therefore, management of microbiome in soil and their expression studies were distinctively revealed. The assessment of antibiotic resistance genes with help of next generation sequencing provided a clear comprehension on genome and transcriptome of the bacterial genes. Thus, interaction of microbiome with soil can also be well understood. The current findings in our study will guide every researcher to follow logical protocol in analyzing microbiota composition is covered as well and also to understand its metagenomic and sequenced with next-generation sequencer which helps to comprehend the diverse micro-flora present in soil and its operation. Finally, later progresses in bioinformatics computer program, flow of work, and applications for analyzing metagenomic information are put in a nutshell.
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN16-1-Induced Resistance System of the Tomato against Rhizoctonia solani. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010035. [PMID: 35055983 PMCID: PMC8780726 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as an important economical vegetable, is often infected with Rhizoctonia solani, which results in a substantial reduction in production. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of biocontrol microorganisms assisting tomato to resist pathogens is worth exploring. Here, we use Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN16-1 as biocontrol bacteria, and employed RNA-Seq technology to study tomato gene and defense-signaling pathways expression. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses showed that an oxidation-reduction process, peptidase regulator activity, and oxidoreductase activity were predominant. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and phototransduction were significantly enriched. SN16-1 activated defenses in the tomato via systemic-acquired resistance (which depends on the salicylic acid signaling pathway), rather than classic induction of systemic resistance. The genes induced by SN16-1 included transcription factors, plant hormones (ethylene, auxin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin), receptor-like kinases, heat shock proteins, and defense proteins. SN16-1 rarely activated pathogenesis-related proteins, but most pathogenesis-related proteins were induced in the presence of the pathogens. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of the response of tomatoes to SN16-1 and R. solani RS520 were significantly different.
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Aallam Y, Maliki BE, Dhiba D, Lemriss S, Souiri A, Haddioui A, Tarkka M, Hamdali H. Multiple Potential Plant Growth Promotion Activities of Endemic Streptomyces spp. from Moroccan Sugar Beet Fields with Their Inhibitory Activities against Fusarium spp. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071429. [PMID: 34361865 PMCID: PMC8303843 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterized 10 Streptomyces isolates were previously selected by their abilities to solubilize phosphates. To investigate whether these isolates represent multifaceted plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), their potassium-solubilizing, auxin-producing and inhibitory activities were determined. The 10 Streptomyces spp. yielded a variable biomass in the presence of insoluble orthoclase as the sole potassium (K) source, indicating that they were able to extract different amounts of K from this source for their own growth. Three strains (AZ, AYD and DE2) released soluble K from insoluble orthoclase in large amounts into the culture broth. The production levels ranged from 125.4 mg/L to 216.6 mg/L after 5 days of culture. Only two strains, Streptomyces enissocaesilis (BYC) and S. tunisiensis (AI), released a larger amount of soluble K from orthoclase and yielded much more biomass. This indicated that the rate of K released from this insoluble orthoclase exceeded its consumption rate for bacterial growth and that some strains solubilized K more efficiently than others. The results also suggest that the K solubilization process of AZ, AYD and DE2 strains, the most efficient K-solubilizing strains, involves a slight acidification of the medium. Furthermore, these 10 Streptomyces spp. were able to secrete indole acetic acid (IAA) in broth medium and ranged from 7.9 ± 0.1 µg/mL to 122.3 ± 0.1 µg/mL. The results of the antibiosis test proved the potential of the 10 tested strains to limit the growth of fungi and bacteria. In dual culture, S. bellus (AYD) had highest inhibitory effect against the three identified fungal causal agents of root rot of sugar beet: Fusarium equiseti and two F. fujikuroi at 55, 43 and 36%, respectively. Streptomyces enissocaesilis (BYC), S. bellus (AYD) and S. saprophyticus (DE2) exhibited higher multifaceted PGPR with their potassium-solubilizing, auxin-producing and inhibitory activities, which could be expected to lead to effectiveness in field trials of sugar beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Aallam
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Plant Genetic Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Bouchra El Maliki
- Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20250, Morocco;
| | - Driss Dhiba
- International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Moulay Rachid, University Mohammed 6 Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | - Sanaa Lemriss
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Plant Genetic Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (A.H.)
- Laboratory of Research and Medical Analysis of Gendarmerie Royale, Department of Biosafety PCL3, Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Amal Souiri
- Laboratory of Research and Medical Analysis of Gendarmerie Royale, Department of Biosafety PCL3, Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Abdelmajid Haddioui
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Plant Genetic Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Mika Tarkka
- UFZ—Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Soil Ecology Department, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Hanane Hamdali
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Plant Genetic Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco; (Y.A.); (S.L.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-523485112; Fax: +212-523485201
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Sharma A, Kaushik N, Sharma A, Bajaj A, Rasane M, Shouche YS, Marzouk T, Djébali N. Screening of Tomato Seed Bacterial Endophytes for Antifungal Activity Reveals Lipopeptide Producing Bacillus siamensis Strain NKIT9 as a Potential Bio-Control Agent. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:609482. [PMID: 34177819 PMCID: PMC8222588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.609482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates the diversity pattern and fungicidal potential of bacterial endophytes isolated from two different organic varieties of tomato plants (V1 and V2). A total of seventy-five bacterial isolates identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a majority of genus as Bacillus and one Planococcus, which were grouped into eight different species. The Shannon diversity H' (1.56), Simpson's index of diversity (0.93), Magalef' index (2.23), Evenness (0.96), and Species richness (7) indicated the high endophytic bacterial diversity in the V1 variety of the tomato. Bacterial endophytes isolated from both of the varieties were screened for their antifungal activity against five economically critical fungal pathogens (viz., Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, Verticillium lateritium, and Alternaria solani) of tomato crop through dual culture assay. The data revealed B. siamensis strain NKIT9 as the most potent antagonist, significantly (p < 0.05) inhibiting the mycelial growth between 75 to 90% against selected fungal pathogens. High bioactivity of lipopeptide extract of strain NKIT9 was recorded against R. solani with minimum IC50 value of 230 μg/ml. The Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Definition Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HDMS) analysis of this lipopeptide extract revealed the presence of Surfactin and Bacillomycin D. Furthermore, in-vitro results showed that the selected bacterial strain significantly minimized the disease incidence in damping-off assay which makes this strain a promising antifungal bio-control agent. Moreover, in the pot experiment the NKIT9 increased the fruit yield by 59.2% compared with the untreated R. solani infested control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.,Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Abhay Bajaj
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Mandar Rasane
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Yogesh S Shouche
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Takwa Marzouk
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Naceur Djébali
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
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Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Streptomyces sp. Endemic from Sugar Beet Fields of the Beni-Mellal Region in Morocco. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050914. [PMID: 33923283 PMCID: PMC8146796 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of our research, aimed at improving sugar beets phosphorus nutrition, we isolated and characterized Streptomyces sp. strains, endemic from sugar beet fields of the Beni-Mellal region, which are able to use natural rock phosphate (RP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as sole phosphate sources. Ten Streptomyces sp. isolates yielded a comparable biomass in the presence of these two insoluble phosphate sources, indicating that they were able to extract similar amount of phosphorus (P) from the latter for their own growth. Interestingly, five strains released soluble P in large excess from TCP in their culture broth whereas only two strains, BP, related to Streptomyces bellus and BYC, related to Streptomyces enissocaesilis, released a higher or similar amount of soluble P from RP than from TCP, respectively. This indicated that the rate of P released from these insoluble phosphate sources exceeded its consumption rate for bacterial growth and that most strains solubilized TCP more efficiently than RP. Preliminary results suggested that the solubilization process of BYC, the most efficient RP and TCP solubilizing strain, involves both acidification of the medium and excretion of siderophores. Actinomycete strains possessing such interesting RP solubilizing abilities may constitute a novel kind of fertilizers beneficial for plant nutrition and more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizers in current use.
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Coque JJR, Álvarez-Pérez JM, Cobos R, González-García S, Ibáñez AM, Diez Galán A, Calvo-Peña C. Advances in the control of phytopathogenic fungi that infect crops through their root system. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 111:123-170. [PMID: 32446411 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Productivity and economic sustainability of many herbaceous and woody crops are seriously threatened by numerous phytopathogenic fungi. While symptoms associated with phytopathogenic fungal infections of aerial parts (leaves, stems and fruits) are easily observable and therefore recognizable, allowing rapid or preventive action to control this type of infection, the effects produced by soil-borne fungi that infect plants through their root system are more difficult to detect. The fact that these fungi initiate infection and damage underground implies that the first symptoms are not as easily noticeable, and therefore both crop yield and plant survival are frequently severely compromised by the time the infection is found. In this paper we will review and discuss recent insights into plant-microbiota interactions in the root system crucial to understanding the beginning of the infectious process. We will also review different methods for diminishing and controlling the infection rate by phytopathogenic fungi penetrating through the root system including both the traditional use of biocontrol agents such as antifungal compounds as well as some new strategies that could be used because of their effective application, such as nanoparticles, virus-based nanopesticides, or inoculation of plant material with selected endophytes. We will also review the possibility of modeling and influencing the composition of the microbial population in the rhizosphere environment as a strategy for nudging the plant-microbiome interactions toward enhanced beneficial outcomes for the plant, such as controlling the infectious process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José R Coque
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | | | - Rebeca Cobos
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Ana M Ibáñez
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Alba Diez Galán
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Carla Calvo-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Enebe MC, Babalola OO. The impact of microbes in the orchestration of plants' resistance to biotic stress: a disease management approach. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9-25. [PMID: 30315353 PMCID: PMC6311197 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The struggle for survival is a natural and a continuous process. Microbes are struggling to survive by depending on plants for their nutrition while plants on the other hand are resisting the attack of microbes in order to survive. This interaction is a tug of war and the knowledge of microbe-plant relationship will enable farmers/agriculturists improve crop health, yield, sustain regular food supply, and minimize the use of agrochemicals such as fungicides and pesticides in the fight against plant pathogens. Although, these chemicals are capable of inhibiting pathogens, they also constitute an environmental hazard. However, certain microbes known as plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) aid in the sensitization and priming of the plant immune defense arsenal for it to conquer invading pathogens. PGPM perform this function by the production of elicitors such as volatile organic compounds, antimicrobials, and/or through competition. These elicitors are capable of inducing the expression of pathogenesis-related genes in plants through induced systemic resistance or acquired systemic resistance channels. This review discusses the current findings on the influence and participation of microbes in plants' resistance to biotic stress and to suggest integrative approach as a better practice in disease management and control for the achievement of sustainable environment, agriculture, and increasing food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chekwube Enebe
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
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Masum MMI, Liu L, Yang M, Hossain MM, Siddiqa MM, Supty ME, Ogunyemi SO, Hossain A, An Q, Li B. Halotolerant bacteria belonging to operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in biocontrol of the rice brown stripe pathogen Acidovorax oryzae. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1852-1867. [PMID: 30146698 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of halotolerant bacteria against rice brown stripe pathogen Acidovorax oryzae. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen of 136 isolates of halotolerant bacteria exhibited strong in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity against both strains of A. oryzae. The 15 antagonistic isolates were identified as 'operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens' based on physiological and biochemical features, fatty acid profiles as well as sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, gyrA and rpoB genes. Furthermore, this result indicated that the most effective antagonistic isolates K5-3 and PPB6 could produce siderophore in iron-limiting medium, and four kinds of secondary metabolites based on MALDI-TOF analysis. In addition, the culture filtrates of isolates K5-3 and PPB6 caused the damage of cell membrane evidenced by the TEM images, and resulted in 73-80% reduction in cell numbers, 55-65% reduction in biofilm formation, and 42-50% reduction in swimming ability of both strains of A. oryzae. CONCLUSIONS These isolates in particular K5-3 and PPB6 of halotolerant bacteria markedly inhibited the growth of A. oryzae. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first report on biological control of halotolerant bacteria against bacterial brown stripe of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M I Masum
- State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - L Liu
- State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M Yang
- State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M M Hossain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M M Siddiqa
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M E Supty
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - S O Ogunyemi
- State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - A Hossain
- State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q An
- State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - B Li
- State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Gislin D, Sudarsanam D, Antony Raj G, Baskar K. Antibacterial activity of soil bacteria isolated from Kochi, India and their molecular identification. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:287-294. [PMID: 30733737 PMCID: PMC6353780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study, deal about the antibiosis activity of soil bacteria, isolated from 10 different locations of rhizosphere and diverse cultivation at Kochi, Kerala, India. The bacteria were isolated by standard serial dilution plate techniques. Morphological characterization of the isolate was done by Gram’s staining and found that all of them gram positive. Isolated bacteria were tested against 6 human pathogens viz., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter sp. Primary screening was carried out by perpendicular streaking and seed overlay method. Based on the result of primary screening most potential isolates of S1A1 and S7A3 were selected for secondary screening. Both the isolates showed positive results against Enterococcus sp. and S.aureus. The maximum antagonistic activity of 20.98 and 27.08 mm zone of inhibition was recorded at S1A1 against Enterococcus sp. and S. aureus respectively, at 180 µl concentration. Molecular identification was carried out by 16S rRNA sequence. The 16S rRNA was amplified from the DNA samples by using PCR. The amplified 16S rRNA PCR products were purified and sequenced. The sequences were subjected to NCBI BLAST. The isolates S1A1 and S7A3 BLAST results showed 99% and 95% respectively, similarity with the available database sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The sequences were deposited in GenBank and the accession numbers KY864390 (S1A1) and KY880975 (S7A3) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Gislin
- Department of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.,Optimurz Bio & IT Solutions, Shenoy Nagar West, Chennai 600 030, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dorairaj Sudarsanam
- Department of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kathirvelu Baskar
- Optimurz Bio & IT Solutions, Shenoy Nagar West, Chennai 600 030, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khalaf EM, Raizada MN. Bacterial Seed Endophytes of Domesticated Cucurbits Antagonize Fungal and Oomycete Pathogens Including Powdery Mildew. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:42. [PMID: 29459850 PMCID: PMC5807410 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cucurbit vegetables, including cucumbers, melons and pumpkins, have been cultivated for thousands of years without fungicides. However, their seed germination stage is prone to be infected by soil-borne fungal and oomycete pathogens. Endophytes are symbionts that reside inside plant tissues including seeds. Seed endophytes are founders of the juvenile plant microbiome and can promote host defense at seed germination and later stages. We previously isolated 169 bacterial endophytes associated with seeds of diverse cultivated cucurbits. We hypothesized that these endophytes can antagonize major fungal and oomycete pathogens. Here we tested the endophytes for in vitro antagonism (dual culture assays) against important soil-borne pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanideratum). The endophytes were also assayed in planta (leaf disk and detached leaf bioassays) for antagonism against a foliar pathogen of global importance, Podosphaera fuliginea, the causative agent of cucurbit powdery mildew. The endophytes were further tested in vitro for secretion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known to induce plant defense. Extracellular ribonuclease activity was also tested, as a subset of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins of plant hosts implicated in suppression of fungal pathogens, displays ribonuclease activity. An unexpected majority of the endophytes (70%, 118/169) exhibited antagonism to the five phytopathogens, of which 68% (50/73) of in vitro antagonists belong to the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus. All Lactococcus and Pantoea endophytes exhibited anti-oomycete activity. However, amongst the most effective inoculants against Podosphaera fuliginea were Pediococcus and Pantoea endophytes. Interestingly, 67% (113/169) of endophytes emitted host defense inducing VOCs (acetoin/diacetyl) and 62% (104/169) secreted extracellular ribonucleases in vitro, respectively. These results show that seeds of cultivated cucurbits package microbes with significant disease-suppression potential. As seeds can act as vectors for genetic transmission of endophytes across host generations, it is interesting to hypothesize whether humans, when selecting seeds of healthy hosts, may have inadvertently selected for disease-suppressing seed endophytes. As the majority of pathogen-suppressing endophytes belong to Bacillus and Paenibacillus, and since Bacilli are widely used as commercial biocontrol agents of vegetables, we propose that these agents are mimicking the ecological niche established by their endophytic cousins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. Khalaf
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Manish N. Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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