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Kim YH, Choi YK, Kim MG, Seo HS, Park S, Lee SH. Key factors for the survival of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IDCC 3501 in manufacturing and storage. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:12. [PMID: 38157004 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Functional microbiome development has steadily increased; with this, the viability of microbial strains must be maintained not only after the manufacturing process but also at the time of consumption. Survival is threatened by various unavoidable factors during freeze-drying and shelf storage. Here, the aim was to optimize the manufacturing process of the functional strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IDCC 3501 after freeze-drying and storage. Explosive growth was achieved using a medium composition with two nitrogen sources and a mineral, and growth was drastically improved by neutralizing the medium pH during the culture of L. plantarum IDCC 3501. Culture optimization involved a smaller cell size, leading to less intracellular free water. Moreover, when maltodextrin (MD) powder was directly added to the harvested cells, some intracellular free water was extracted from the bacterial cells, resulting in a dramatic increase in the viability of L. plantarum IDCC 3501 after freeze-drying and subsequent storage. Furthermore, MD enhanced survival in a dose-dependent manner. Bacterial survival was correlated with lysozyme tolerance; therefore, the positive result might have been caused by the osmotic dehydration of intracellular free water, which would potentially damage the bacterial cells via ice crystallization and/or a phase transition during freeze-drying. These critical factors of L. plantarum IDCC 3501 processing provide perspectives on survival issues for manufacturing microbiome strains. KEY POINTS: • Culture conditions for probiotic bacteria were optimized for high growth yield. • Osmotic dehydration improved bacterial survival after manufacturing and shelf storage. • Reduction in intracellular free water content is crucial for intact survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoo Kim
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong, 18449, South Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | | | - Min-Goo Kim
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong, 18449, South Korea
| | - Han Sol Seo
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong, 18449, South Korea
| | - Saerom Park
- R&D Team, Choi Lab Inc, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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2
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Mahmoodian S, Fatemi SSA, Shamsara M, Chaharmahali M, Meimandipour A, Maniee SA. Impact of protectants and the method of preservation on the stability of potentially probiotic bacteria. Cryobiology 2024; 116:104912. [PMID: 38848899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics offer health advantages when consumed in adequate quantities. As ongoing research identifies promising new strains, ensuring their viability and functionality through simple preservation methods is vital for success within the probiotic industry. This study employed a factorial design to investigate the combined effects of four cryoprotectants [C1: MRS broth + 14 % (w/v) glycerol, C2: Aqueous solution containing 4 % (w/v) trehalose, 6 % (w/v) skimmed milk, and 4 % (w/v) sodium glutamate, C3: Aqueous solution containing 10 % (w/v) skimmed milk and 4 % (w/v) sodium glutamate, C4: Aqueous solution containing 4 % (w/v) sucrose, 6 % (w/v) skimmed milk, and 4 % (w/v) sodium glutamate] and three methods of preservation (P1: -86 °C freezing, P2: -196 °C liquid nitrogen freezing, and P3: storing at 4 °C after lyophilization) on the cell viability of three potentially probiotic strains over 12 months. Pediococcus sp P15 and Weissella cibaria ml6 had the highest viability under treatments C3 and C2, after 12 months of storage, respectively. Meanwhile, Lactococcus lactis ml3 demonstrated the highest viability in both treatments C2 and C4 (P ≤ 0.05). According to the results freezing, either P1 or P2, is the most effective preservation method for P. sp P15 and W. cibaria ml6. Meanwhile, L. lactis ml3 showed the highest colony count under treatment (P1) after 12 months of storage (P ≤ 0.05). Among the tested conditions, P. sp P15 and L. lactis ml3 exhibited the highest viability and bile salt resistance when stored under P1C1. For W. cibaria ml6, the optimal storage condition was P2C2 (frozen in liquid nitrogen with cryoprotectant C2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mahmoodian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Safa-Ali Fatemi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Chaharmahali
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Meimandipour
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Arezoo Maniee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Science and Biology Technologies, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Alessandri G, Rizzo SM, Mancabelli L, Fontana F, Longhi G, Turroni F, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Impact of cryoprotective agents on human gut microbes and in vitro stabilized artificial gut microbiota communities. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14509. [PMID: 38878269 PMCID: PMC11179620 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The availability of microbial biobanks for the storage of individual gut microbiota members or their derived and artificially assembled consortia has become fundamental for in vitro investigation of the molecular mechanisms behind microbe-microbe and/or microbe-host interactions. However, to preserve bacterial viability, adequate storage and processing technologies are required. In this study, the effects on cell viability of seven different combinations of cryoprotective agents were evaluated by flow cytometry for 53 bacterial species representing key members of the human gut microbiota after one and 3 months of cryopreservation at -80°C. The obtained results highlighted that no universal cryoprotectant was identified capable of guaranteeing effective recovery of intact cells after cryopreservation for all tested bacteria. However, the presence of inulin or skimmed milk provided high levels of viability protection during cryoexposure. These results were further corroborated by cryopreserving 10 artificial gut microbiota produced through in vitro continuous fermentation system technology. Indeed, in this case, the inclusion of inulin or skimmed milk resulted in a high recovery of viable cells, while also allowing consistent and reliable preservation of the artificial gut microbiota biodiversity. Overall, these results suggest that, although the efficacy of various cryoprotective agents is species-specific, some cryoprotectants based on glycerol and the addition of inulin or skimmed milk are preferable to retain viability and biodiversity for both single bacterial species and artificial gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sonia Mirjam Rizzo
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Longhi
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Alebouyeh M, Almasian Tehrani N, Fallah F, Azimi L, Sadredinamin M, Yousefi N, Ghandchi G, Haji Molla Hoseini M. Protective effects of different lyoprotectants on survival of clinical bacterial isolates in a hospital biobank. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104891. [PMID: 38522663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays the significant role of biobanks in medical, diagnostic, industrial, and environmental research is well known. Bacterial biobanks could be used as a good resource for designing new treatments, biomedical and industrial researches, and laboratory diagnostics. To have a collection of bacteria from clinical samples and maintain their long-term viability, their preservation needs appropriate protective agents, like cryoprotectants and lyoprotectants. In this study, we collected and characterized Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria carrying important antibiotic resistance markers from different clinical samples of hospitalized children. Sucrose (10%), skimmed milk (10%), skimmed milk plus sodium glutamate (10% + 1%), and bovine serum albumin (BSA, 10%) were used as lyoprotectants during the freeze-drying procedure. The survival rate of the lyophilized samples was calculated by dilution plating and measuring the colony forming unit (CFU) after 3 months of storage. The culture analysis results indicated that 25 of the 27 studied bacterial genera (Dilutions 10-3 to 10-6), including Shigella, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp., were recovered in cultured fractions from all preservation conditions, while 2 genera were only detected in a single preservation condition (2/27, 7.4%). Based on the results, sucrose (10%) and skimmed milk (10%) presented the most protective features. The survival rates varied significantly according to types of the bacteria. Collectively, our results showed a diversity in the recovery of different bacterial genera after lyophilization. While statistically no significant difference was detected among the studied protective agents, sucrose (10%) and skimmed milk (10%) exhibited more effective lyoprotective properties for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria among the clinical isolates in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Alebouyeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Almasian Tehrani
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Sadredinamin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Yousefi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Ghandchi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fredua-Agyeman M. Surviving process and transit: Controlled freeze drying, storage and enteric coated capsules for targeted delivery of probiotic Lactobacillusacidophilus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28407. [PMID: 38560212 PMCID: PMC10981131 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Viability loss of probiotics often occur during processing, storage and gastrointestinal transit. In this study, the viability of freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5® was assessed after controlled freeze drying and storage at 4 °C and 25 °C over six months using glycerol, skim milk and trehalose as protectants. The freeze-dried probiotic was filled into hard gelatin capsules and enteric coated with the co-polymer Eudragit L100-55 using a fluidised bed coater to determine if the freeze-dried probiotic will survive the enteric coating process and remain viable during gastric transit. Empty hard gelatin capsules were also enteric coated by dipping in the co-polymer solution. These were dried, filled with microcrystalline cellulose and tested for their resistance to simulated gastric condition. The results showed that controlled freezing of the probiotic bacteria did not cause significant loss in viability when the cells were cryopreserved in the protectants. Viable cell loss was greater during the drying stage. Relatively better cell survival was recorded when the freeze-dried samples that were cryopreserved with skim milk were stored over six months at 4 °C. Freeze-dried samples that were preserved with trehalose stored better at 25 °C. The results also demonstrated that capsules coated with Eudragit L100-55 did not disintegrate in simulated gastric fluid. However, the capsules disintegrated in a simulated intestinal fluid. The enteric coating process resulted in about 95% recovery of viable cells. The high viable cell recovery after the coating process is likely due to the coating solution and conditions impacting the capsule body and cap rather than the cells directly. The study highlights that enteric coated capsules can offer gastric protection whilst minimizing viability losses associated with the enteric coating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansa Fredua-Agyeman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana
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Rocha IV, Bezerra MF, Sobreira M, Leal NC, de Almeida AMP. Lyophilization for bacteria preservation: a promising approach for Yersinia pestis strains from an unique collection in Brazil (Fiocruz-CYP). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:61. [PMID: 38520511 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is a highly virulent bacterium that poses a significant threat to human health. Preserving this bacterium in a viable state is crucial for research and diagnostic purposes. This paper presents and evaluates a simple lyophilization protocol for the long-term storage of Y. pestis strains from Fiocruz-CYP, aiming to explore its impact on viability and long-term stability, while replacing the currently used methodologies. The lyophilization tests were conducted using the non-virulent Y. pestis strain EV76, subjected to the lyophilization process under vacuum conditions. Viability assessment was performed to evaluate the effects of lyophilization and storage conditions on Y. pestis under multiple temperature conditions (- 80 °C, - 20 °C, 4-8 °C and room temperature). The lyophilization protocol employed in this study consistently demonstrated its efficacy in maintaining high viability rates for Y. pestis samples in a up to one year follow-up. The storage temperature that consistently exhibited the highest recovery rates was - 80 °C, followed by - 20 °C and 4-8 °C. Microscopic analysis of the post-lyophilized cultures revealed preserved morphological features, consistent with viable bacteria. The high viability rates observed in the preserved samples indicate the successful preservation of Y. pestis using this protocol. Overall, the presented lyophilization protocol provides a valuable tool for the long-term storage of Y. pestis, offering stability, viability, and functionality. By refining the currently used methods of lyophilization, this protocol can improve long-term preservation for Y. pestis strains collections, facilitating research efforts, diagnostic procedures, and the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Vasconcelos Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - IAM, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Filgueira Bezerra
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - IAM, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marise Sobreira
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - IAM, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nilma Cintra Leal
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - IAM, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Alzira Maria Paiva de Almeida
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - IAM, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Khare D, Acharya C. Uranium biomineralization by immobilized Chryseobacterium sp. strain PMSZPI cells for efficient uranium removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133503. [PMID: 38228007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Uranium (U) contamination is hazardous to human health and the environment owing to its radiotoxicity and chemical toxicity and needs immediate attention. In this study, the immobilized biomass of Chryseobacterium sp. strain PMSZPI isolated from U enriched site, was investigated for U(VI) biomineralization in batch and column set-up. Under batch mode, the fresh or lyophilized cells successfully entrapped in calcium alginate beads demonstrated effectual U precipitation under acid and alkaline conditions. The maximum removal was detected at pH 7 wherein ∼98-99% of uranium was precipitated from 1 mM uranyl carbonate solution loading ∼350 mg U/g of biomass within 24 h in the presence of organic phosphate substrate. The resulting uranyl phosphate precipitates within immobilized biomass loaded beads were observed by SEM-EDX and TEM while the formation of U biomineral was confirmed by FTIR and XRD. Retention of phosphatase activity without any loss of uranium precipitation ability was observed for alginate beads with lyophilized biomass stored for 90 d at 4 °C. Continuous flow through experiment with PMSZPI biomass immobilized in polyacrylamide gel exhibited U loading of 0.8 g U/g of biomass at pH 7 using 1 l of 1 mM uranyl solution. This investigation established the feasibility for the application of immobilized PMSZPI biomass for field studies. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Uranium contamination is currently a serious environmental concern owing to anthropogenic activities and needs immediate attention. We have developed here a biotechnological method for successful uranium removal using immobilized cells of a uranium tolerant environmental bacterium, Chryseobacterium sp. strain PMSZPI isolated from U ore deposit via phosphatase enzyme mediated uranium precipitation. The ability of immobilized PMSZPI cells to precipitate U(VI) as long-term stable U phosphates under environmental conditions relevant for contaminated waters containing high concentrations of U that exerts toxicity for biological systems is explored here. The long term stability of the immobilized biomass without compromising its U removal capacity shows the relevance of the bioremediation strategy for uranium contamination proposed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi Khare
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Celin Acharya
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Wang S, Zhang C, Su X, Guo L, Bai X, Huang Y, Pang W, Tan F, Tian K. Screening and Stability Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Protective Agents for a Live Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:65. [PMID: 38250878 PMCID: PMC10821108 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection of pigs with the pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes significant economic losses in the pig industry. Immunization with live vaccines is a crucial aspect in the prevention of pseudorabies in swine. The TK/gE/gI/11k/28k deleted pseudorabies vaccine is a promising alternative for the eradication of epidemic pseudorabies mutant strains. This study optimized the lyophilization of a heat-resistant PRV vaccine to enhance the quality of a live vaccine against the recombinant PRV rHN1201TK-/gE-/gI-/11k-/28k-. The A4 freeze-dried protective formulation against PRV was developed by comparing the reduction in virus titer after lyophilization and after seven days of storage at 37 °C. The formulation contains 1% gelatin, 5% trehalose, 0.5% poly-vinylpyrimidine (PVP), 0.5% thiourea, and 1% sorbitol. The A4 freeze-dried vaccine demonstrated superior protection and thermal stability. It experienced a freeze-dried loss of 0.31 Lg post-freeze-drying and a heat loss of 0.42 Lg after being stored at a temperature of 37 °C for 7 consecutive days. The A4 freeze-dried vaccine was characterized through XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses, which showed that it possessed an amorphous structure with a consistent porous interior. The trehalose component of the vaccine formed stable hydrogen bonds with the virus. Long-term and accelerated stability studies were also conducted. The A4 vaccine maintained viral titer losses of less than 1.0 Lg when exposed to 25 °C for 90 days, 37 °C for 28 days, and 45 °C for 7 days. The A4 vaccine had a titer loss of 0.3 Lg after storage at 2-8 °C for 24 months, and a predicted shelf life of 6.61 years at 2-8 °C using the Arrhenius equation. The A4 freeze-dried vaccine elicited no side effects when used to immunize piglets and produced specific antibodies. This study provides theoretical references and technical support to improve the thermal stability of recombinant PRV rHN1201TK-/gE-/gI-/11k-/28k- vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Suling Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Linghua Guo
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Wenqiang Pang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Feifei Tan
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (S.W.); (C.Z.); (X.S.); (L.G.); (X.B.); (Y.H.); (W.P.)
- Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang 471000, China
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Abdi F, Buzhor MG, Zellweger N, Zhi-Luo, Leroux JC. pH-dependent pressure-sensitive colonic capsules for the delivery of aqueous bacterial suspensions. J Control Release 2024; 365:688-702. [PMID: 38040343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome-based therapies hold great promise for treating various diseases, but the efficient delivery of live bacteria to the colon remains a challenge. Furthermore, current oral formulations, such as lyophilized bacterial capsules or tablets, are produced using processes that can decrease bacterial viability. Consequently, high dosages are required to achieve efficacy. Herein, we report the design of pressure-sensitive colonic capsules for the encapsulation and delivery of aqueous suspensions of live bacteria. The capsules consisted of 2 functional thin-films (hydrophobic and enteric) of ethyl cellulose and Eudragit S100 dip-coated onto hydroxypropyl methylcellulose molds. The capsules could be loaded with aqueous media and provide protection against acidic fluids and, to some extent, oxygen diffusion, suggesting their potential suitability for delivering anaerobic bacterial strains. Disintegration and mechanical studies indicated that the capsules could withstand transit through the stomach and upper/proximal small intestinal segments and rupture in the ileum/colon. In vitro studies showed that bacterial cells (anaerobic and aerobic commensals) remained highly viable (74-98%) after encapsulation and exposure to the simulated GI tract conditions. In vivo studies with a beagle dog model revealed that 67% of the capsules opened after 3.5 h, indicating content release in the distal gastrointestinal tract. These data demonstrate that live aqueous bacterial suspensions comprised of both aerobic and anaerobic commensals can be encapsulated and in the future might be efficiently delivered to the distal gastrointestinal tract, suggesting the practical applications of these capsules in microbiome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Green Buzhor
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Zellweger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi-Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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10
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Farfan Pajuelo DG, Carpio Mamani M, Maraza Choque GJ, Chachaque Callo DM, Cáceda Quiroz CJ. Effect of Lyoprotective Agents on the Preservation of Survival of a Bacillus cereus Strain PBG in the Freeze-Drying Process. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2705. [PMID: 38004717 PMCID: PMC10673073 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyophilization is a widely employed long-term preservation method in which the bacterial survival rate largely depends on the cryoprotectant used. Bacillus cereus strain PBC was selected for its ability to thrive in environments contaminated with arsenic, lead, and cadmium, tolerate 500 ppm of free cyanide, and the presence of genes such as ars, cad, ppa, dap, among others, associated with the bioremediation of toxic compounds and enterotoxins (nheA, nheB, nheC). Following lyophilization, the survival rates for Mannitol 2.5%, Mannitol 10%, and Glucose 1% were 98.02%, 97.12%, and 96.30%, respectively, with the rates being lower than 95% for other sugars. However, during storage, for the same sugars, the survival rates were 78.71%, 97.12%, and 99.97%, respectively. In the cake morphology, it was found that the lyophilized morphology showed no relationship with bacterial survival rate. The best cryoprotectant for the PBC strain was 1% glucose since it maintained constant and elevated bacterial growth rates during storage, ensuring that the unique characteristics of the bacterium were preserved over time. These findings hold significant implications for research as they report a new Bacillus cereus strain with the potential to be utilized in bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - César Julio Cáceda Quiroz
- Bioremediation Laboratory, Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University, Tacna 230001, Peru; (D.G.F.P.); (M.C.M.); (G.J.M.C.); (D.M.C.C.)
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11
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Magdy Wasfy R, Mbaye B, Borentain P, Tidjani Alou M, Murillo Ruiz ML, Caputo A, Andrieu C, Armstrong N, Million M, Gerolami R. Ethanol-Producing Enterocloster bolteae Is Enriched in Chronic Hepatitis B-Associated Gut Dysbiosis: A Case-Control Culturomics Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2437. [PMID: 37894093 PMCID: PMC10608849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health epidemic that causes fatal complications, leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The link between HBV-related dysbiosis and specific bacterial taxa is still under investigation. Enterocloster is emerging as a new genus (formerly Clostridium), including Enterocloster bolteae, a gut pathogen previously associated with dysbiosis and human diseases such as autism, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Its role in liver diseases, especially HBV infection, is not reported. METHODS The fecal samples of eight patients with chronic HBV infection and ten healthy individuals were analyzed using the high-throughput culturomics approach and compared to 16S rRNA sequencing. Quantification of ethanol, known for its damaging effect on the liver, produced from bacterial strains enriched in chronic HBV was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Using culturomics, 29,120 isolated colonies were analyzed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF); 340 species were identified (240 species in chronic HBV samples, 254 species in control samples) belonging to 169 genera and 6 phyla. In the chronic HBV group, 65 species were already known in the literature; 48 were associated with humans but had not been previously found in the gut, and 17 had never been associated with humans previously. Six species were newly isolated in our study. By comparing bacterial species frequency, three bacterial genera were serendipitously found with significantly enriched bacterial diversity in patients with chronic HBV: Enterocloster, Clostridium, and Streptococcus (p = 0.0016, p = 0.041, p = 0.053, respectively). However, metagenomics could not identify this enrichment, possibly concerning its insufficient taxonomical resolution (equivocal assignment of operational taxonomic units). At the species level, the significantly enriched species in the chronic HBV group almost all belonged to class Clostridia, such as Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium sporogenes, Enterocloster aldenensis, Enterocloster bolteae, Enterocloster clostridioformis, and Clostridium innocuum. Two E. bolteae strains, isolated from two patients with chronic HBV infection, showed high ethanol production (27 and 200 mM). CONCLUSIONS Culturomics allowed us to identify Enterocloster species, specifically, E. bolteae, enriched in the gut microbiota of patients with chronic HBV. These species had never been isolated in chronic HBV infection before. Moreover, ethanol production by E. bolteae strains isolated from the chronic HBV group could contribute to liver disease progression. Additionally, culturomics might be critical for better elucidating the relationship between dysbiosis and chronic HBV infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Magdy Wasfy
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Babacar Mbaye
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borentain
- Unité Hépatologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Maria Leticia Murillo Ruiz
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Aurelia Caputo
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Claudia Andrieu
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nicholas Armstrong
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Rene Gerolami
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France (M.T.A.); (C.A.)
- MEPHI, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Unité Hépatologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
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12
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Bosch B, Moutaharrik S, Gazzaniga A, Hiippala K, Santos HA, Maroni A, Satokari R. Development of a time-dependent oral colon delivery system of anaerobic Odoribacter splanchnicus for bacteriotherapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:73-80. [PMID: 37479064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Odoribacter (O.) splanchnicus is an anaerobic member of the human intestinal microbiota. Its decrease in abundance has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), non-alcoholic fatty liver, and cystic fibrosis. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of O. splanchnicus and its possible use for IBD, intestinal isolate O. splanchnicus 57 was here formulated for oral colonic release based on a time-dependent strategy. Freeze-drying protocol was determined to ensure O. splanchnicus 57 viability during the process. Disintegrating tablets, containing the freeze-dried O. splanchnicus 57, were manufactured by direct compression and coated by powder-layering technique with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Methocel™ E50) in a tangential-spray fluid bed. Eudragit® L was then applied by spray-coating in a top-spray fluid bed. Double-coated tablets were tested for release, showing gastric resistance properties and, as desired, lag phases of reproducible duration prior to release in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The cell viability and anti-inflammatory activity of the strain were assessed after the main manufacturing steps. While freeze-drying did not affect bacterial viability, the tableting and coating processes were more stressful. Nonetheless, O. splanchnicus 57 cells survived manufacturing and the final formulations had 106-107 CFU/g of viable cells. The strain kept its anti-inflammatory properties after tableting and coating, reducing Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-8 cytokine release from HT-29 cells. Overall, O. splanchnicus 57 strain was formulated successfully for oral colon delivery, opening new ways to formulate pure cultures of single anaerobic strains or mixtures for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Bosch
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Saliha Moutaharrik
- Sez. di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gazzaniga
- Sez. di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Kaisa Hiippala
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands; W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Maroni
- Sez. di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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13
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Zmerli O, Bellali S, Haddad G, Hisada A, Ominami Y, Raoult D, Bou Khalil J. Rapid microbial viability assay using scanning electron microscopy: a proof-of-concept using Phosphotungstic acid staining. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3627-3638. [PMID: 37501704 PMCID: PMC10371768 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple stains have been historically utilized in electron microscopy to provide proper contrast and superior image quality enabling the discovery of ultrastructures. However, the use of these stains in microbiological viability assessment has been limited. Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) staining is a common negative stain used in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Here, we investigate the feasibility of a new SEM-PTA assay, aiming to determine both viable and dead microbes. The optimal sample preparation was established by staining bacteria with different PTA concentrations and incubation times. Once the assay conditions were set, we applied the protocol to various samples, evaluating bacterial viability under different conditions, and comparing SEM-PTA results to culture. The five minutes 10% PTA staining exhibited a strong distinction between viable micro-organisms perceived as hypo-dense, and dead micro-organisms displaying intense internal staining which was confirmed by high Tungsten (W) peak on the EDX spectra. SEM-PTA viability count after freezing, freeze-drying, or oxygen exposure, were concordant with culture. To our knowledge, this study is the first contribution towards PTA staining of live and dead bacteria. The SEM-PTA strategy demonstrated the feasibility of a rapid, cost-effective and efficient viability assay, presenting an open-view of the sample, and providing a potentially valuable tool for applications in microbiome investigations and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Zmerli
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France
| | - Sara Bellali
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Gabriel Haddad
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France
| | - Akiko Hisada
- Hitachi, Ltd. Research & Development Group, 2520, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, 350- 0395, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ominami
- Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken 312-8504, Japan
| | | | - Jacques Bou Khalil
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France
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14
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Rakotonirina A, Galperine T, Audry M, Kroemer M, Baliff A, Carrez L, Sadeghipour F, Schrenzel J, Guery B, Allémann É. Dry alginate beads for fecal microbiota transplantation: from model strains to fecal samples. Int J Pharm 2023; 639:122961. [PMID: 37075927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a critical nosocomial infection with more than 124,000 cases per year in Europe and a mortality rate of 15-17%. The standard of care (SoC) is antibiotic treatment. Unfortunately, the relapse rate is high (∼35%) and SoC is significantly less effective against recurrent infection (rCDI). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a recommended treatment against rCDI from the second recurrence episode and has an efficacy of 90%. The formulation of diluted donor stool deserves innovation because its actual administration routes deserve optimization (naso-duodenal/jejunal tubes, colonoscopy, enema or several voluminous oral capsules). Encapsulation of model bacteria strains in gel beads were first investigated. Then, the encapsulation method was applied to diluted stools. Robust spherical gel beads were obtained. The mean particle size was around 2 mm. A high loading of viable microorganisms was obtained for model strains and fecal samples. For plate-counting, values ranged from 1015 to 1017 CFU/g for single and mixed model strains, and 106 to 108 CFU/g for fecal samples. This corresponded to a viability of 30% to 60% as assessed by flow cytometry. This novel formulation is promising as the technology is applicable to both model strains and bacteria contained in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Rakotonirina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Galperine
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 & 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; French Group of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Audry
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Kroemer
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Baliff
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 & 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Carrez
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farshid Sadeghipour
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Genomic Research Lab, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Guery
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 & 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Éric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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15
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McChalicher CW, Auniņš JG. Drugging the microbiome and bacterial live biotherapeutic consortium production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102801. [PMID: 36228531 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research leading to characterization, quantification, and functional attribution of the microbes throughout the human body has led to many drug-development programs. These programs aim to manipulate a patient's microbiome through the addition of new strains or functions, the subtraction of deleterious microbes, or the rebalancing of the existing population through various drug modalities. Here, we present a general overview of those modalities with a specific focus on bacterial live biotherapeutic products (LBPs). The bacterial LBP modality has unique concerns to ensure product quality, thus, topics related to manufacturing, quality control, and regulation are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John G Auniņš
- Seres Therapeutics Inc, 200 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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16
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Lyu F, Zhao YH, Lu Y, Zuo XX, Deng BH, Zeng MQ, Wang JN, Olaniran A, Hou J, Khoza T. Vacuum Foam Drying Method Improved the Thermal Stability and Long-Term Shelf Life of a Live Attenuated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:291. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Chantorn S, Aekkawatchai N, Kasinsak K, Oontawee S. Preservation of Paenibacillus polymyxa BTK01 and Bacillus subtilis BTK07 as lignocellulolytic bacterial starters for industrial applications: Physicochemical conditions, enzyme stability, freeze-drying processes and cryoprotection. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Rathinavelu S, Divyapriya G, Joseph A, Nambi IM, Muthukrishnan AB, Jayaraman G. Inactivation behavior and intracellular changes in Escherichia coli during electro-oxidation process using Ti/Sb-SnO 2/PbO 2 anode: Elucidation of the disinfection mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112749. [PMID: 35123966 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the behavior and intracellular changes in Escherichia coli (model organism) during electro-oxidation with Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 anode in a chlorine free electrochemical system. Preliminary studies were conducted to understand the effect of initial E. coli concentration and applied current density on disinfection. At an applied current density 30 mA cm-2, 7 log reduction of E. coli was achieved in 75 min. The role of reactive oxygen species' (ROS) in E.coli disinfection was evaluated, which confirmed hydroxyl (•OH) radical as the predominant ROS in electro-oxidation. Observations were carried out at cell and molecular level to understand E.coli inactivation mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed oxidative damage of the cell wall and irreversible cell death. Intracellular and extracellular protein quantification and genetic material release further confirmed cell component leakage due to cell wall rupture and degradation due to •OH radical interaction. Change in cell membrane potential suggests the colloidal nature of E. coli cells under applied current density. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid degradation study confirmed fragmentation and degradation of released genetic material. Overall, effective disinfection could be achieved by electro-oxidation, which ensures effective inactivation and prevents regrowth of E. coli. Disinfection of real wastewater was achieved in 12 min at an applied current density 30 mA cm-2. Real wastewater study further confirmed that effective disinfection is possible with a low cost electrode material such as Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2. Energy consumed during disinfection was determined to be 4.978 kWh m-3 for real wastewater disinfection at applied current density 30 mA cm-2. Cost of operation was estimated and stability of the electrode was studied to evaluate the feasibility of large scale operation. Relatively low energy and less disinfection time makes this technology suitable for field scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikaladevi Rathinavelu
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Govindaraj Divyapriya
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Angel Joseph
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Indumathi M Nambi
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India.
| | - Anantha Barathi Muthukrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
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19
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Hu D, Wu J, Li J, Jin L, Chen X, Yao J. Effect of isomaltose oligosaccharide on the freeze-drying process and shelf-life of Pediococcus pentosaceus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Puntillo M, Segli F, Champagne CP, Raymond Y, Vinderola G. Functional Microbes and Their Incorporation into Foods and Food Supplements: Probiotics and Postbiotics. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2022; 13:385-407. [PMID: 35333590 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-011545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has dramatically increased over the past 200 years, but modern life factors such as environmental exposure, antibiotic overuse, C-section deliveries, limited breast-feeding, and diets poor in fibers and microbes could be associated with the rise of noncommunicable diseases such as overweight, obesity, diabetes, food allergies, and colorectal cancer as well as other conditions such as mental disorders. Microbial interventions that range from transplanting a whole undefined microbial community from a healthy gut to an ill one, e.g., so-called fecal microbiota transplantation or vaginal seeding, to the administration of selected well-characterized microbes, either live (probiotics) or not (postbiotics), with efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials, may be effective tools to treat or prevent acute and chronic diseases that humans still face, enhancing the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Puntillo
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina;
| | - Franco Segli
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claude P Champagne
- Research and Development Centre of Saint-Hyacinthe, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Raymond
- Research and Development Centre of Saint-Hyacinthe, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina;
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21
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Onwe RO, Onwosi CO, Ezugworie FN, Ekwealor CC, Okonkwo CC. Microbial trehalose boosts the ecological fitness of biocontrol agents, the viability of probiotics during long-term storage and plants tolerance to environmental-driven abiotic stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150432. [PMID: 34560451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the impressive gain in agricultural production and greater availability of food, a large portion of the world population is affected by food shortages and nutritional imbalance. This is due to abiotic stresses encountered by plants as a result of environmental-driven perturbations, loss of viability of starter cultures (probiotics) for functional foods during storage as well as the vulnerability of farm produce to postharvest pathogens. The use of compatible solutes (e.g., trehalose, proline, etc.) has been widely supported as a solution to these concerns. Trehalose is one of the widely reported microbial- or plant-derived metabolites that help microorganisms (e.g., biocontrol agents, probiotics and plant growth-promoting bacteria) and plants to tolerate harsh environmental conditions. Due to its recent categorization as generally regarded as safe (GRAS), trehalose is an essential tool for promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture by replacing the overuse of chemical agents (e.g., pesticides, herbicides). Therefore, the current review evaluated the progress currently made in the application of trehalose in sustainable agriculture. The challenges, opportunities, and future of this biometabolite in food security were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben O Onwe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi O Onwosi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Flora N Ezugworie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chito C Ekwealor
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie C Okonkwo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Microfluidic chip-based long-term preservation and culture of engineering bacteria for DNA damage evaluation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1663-1676. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sardelli L, Perottoni S, Tunesi M, Boeri L, Fusco F, Petrini P, Albani D, Giordano C. Technological tools and strategies for culturing human gut microbiota in engineered in vitro models. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2886-2905. [PMID: 33990954 PMCID: PMC8361989 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota directly impacts the pathophysiology of different human body districts. Consequently, microbiota investigation is an hot topic of research and its in vitro culture has gained extreme interest in different fields. However, the high sensitivity of microbiota to external stimuli, such as sampling procedure, and the physicochemical complexity of the gut environment make its in vitro culture a challenging task. New engineered microfluidic gut-on-a-chip devices have the potential to model some important features of the intestinal structure, but they are usually unable to sustain culture of microbiota over an extended period of time. The integration of gut-on-a-chip devices with bioreactors for continuous bacterial culture would lead to fast advances in the study of microbiota-host crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the main technologies for the continuous culture of microbiota as upstream systems to be coupled with microfluidic devices to study bacteria-host cells communication. The engineering of integrated microfluidic platforms, capable of sustaining both anaerobic and aerobic cultures, would be the starting point to unveil complex biological phenomena proper of the microbiota-host crosstalks, paving to way to multiple research and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sardelli
- Department of ChemistryMaterials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Simone Perottoni
- Department of ChemistryMaterials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Marta Tunesi
- Department of ChemistryMaterials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Lucia Boeri
- Department of ChemistryMaterials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Federica Fusco
- Department of ChemistryMaterials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of ChemistryMaterials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of ChemistryMaterials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
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Impact of a Novel Nano-Protectant on the Viability of Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus casei K17. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030529. [PMID: 33806323 PMCID: PMC8001848 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered as desirable alternatives to antibiotics because of their beneficial effects on the safety and economy of farm animals. The protectant can ensure the viability of probiotics, which is the prerequisite of the beneficial effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel nano-protectant containing trehalose, skim milk powder, phytoglycogen nanoparticles, and nano-phytoglycogen Pickering emulsions on the viability of Lactobacillus casei K17 under different conditions. The results indicated that the optimal concentration of the carbohydrate substrate was determined to be 10% skim milk powder (w/w) instead of trehalose. The combination of 10% skim milk powder (w/w), 1% phytoglycogen nanoparticles (w/w), and 10% Pickering emulsions (w/w) was selected as the optimal component of the protectant. Trilayer protectants with an optimal component had a more significant protective effect on the bacteria than that of the monolayer and bilayer protectants, or the control in feed storage, freeze-drying, and simulated gastrointestinal environment. A scanning electron microscope was used to monitor the morphological characteristics of the protectants for different layers on L. casei. In conclusion, the trilayer protectant exhibited a substantial effect on L. casei during storage and consumption, which could be used in the feed and functional food.
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State of the Art in the Culture of the Human Microbiota: New Interests and Strategies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 34:34/1/e00129-19. [PMID: 33115723 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00129-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 5 years have seen a turning point in the study of the gut microbiota with a rebirth of culture-dependent approaches to study the gut microbiota. High-throughput methods have been developed to study bacterial diversity with culture conditions aimed at mimicking the gut environment by using rich media such as YCFA (yeast extract, casein hydrolysate, fatty acids) and Gifu anaerobic medium in an anaerobic workstation, as well as media enriched with rumen and blood and coculture, to mimic the symbiosis of the gut microbiota. Other culture conditions target phenotypic and metabolic features of bacterial species to facilitate their isolation. Preexisting technologies such as next-generation sequencing and flow cytometry have also been utilized to develop innovative methods to isolate previously uncultured bacteria or explore viability in samples of interest. These techniques have been applied to isolate CPR (Candidate Phyla Radiation) among other, more classic approaches. Methanogenic archaeal and fungal cultures present different challenges than bacterial cultures. Efforts to improve the available systems to grow archaea have been successful through coculture systems. For fungi that are more easily isolated from the human microbiota, the challenge resides in the identification of the isolates, which has been approached by applying matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry technology to fungi. Bacteriotherapy represents a nonnegligible avenue in the future of medicine to correct dysbiosis and improve health or response to therapy. Although great strides have been achieved in the last 5 years, efforts in bacterial culture need to be sustained to continue deciphering the dark matter of metagenomics, particularly CPR, and extend these methods to archaea and fungi.
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