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Hameed T, Motsi N, Bignell E, Tanaka RJ. Inferring fungal growth rates from optical density data. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012105. [PMID: 38753887 PMCID: PMC11098479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantifying fungal growth underpins our ability to effectively treat severe fungal infections. Current methods quantify fungal growth rates from time-course morphology-specific data, such as hyphal length data. However, automated large-scale collection of such data lies beyond the scope of most clinical microbiology laboratories. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model of fungal growth to estimate morphology-specific growth rates from easy-to-collect, but indirect, optical density (OD600) data of Aspergillus fumigatus growth (filamentous fungus). Our method accounts for OD600 being an indirect measure by explicitly including the relationship between the indirect OD600 measurements and the calibrating true fungal growth in the model. Therefore, the method does not require de novo generation of calibration data. Our model outperformed reference models at fitting to and predicting OD600 growth curves and overcame observed discrepancies between morphology-specific rates inferred from OD600 versus directly measured data in reference models that did not include calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Hameed
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Motsi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Bignell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Reiko J. Tanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Cao H, Zhang X, Wang H, Ding B, Ge S, Zhao J. Effects of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials on Microorganisms and Soil Microbial Communities. Microorganisms 2024; 12:814. [PMID: 38674758 PMCID: PMC11051958 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed intensive research on the biological effects of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) and the application of GBNs in different fields. The published literature shows that GBNs exhibit inhibitory effects on almost all microorganisms under pure culture conditions, and that this inhibitory effect is influenced by the microbial species, the GBN's physicochemical properties, the GBN's concentration, treatment time, and experimental surroundings. In addition, microorganisms exist in the soil in the form of microbial communities. Considering the complex interactions between different soil components, different microbial communities, and GBNs in the soil environment, the effects of GBNs on soil microbial communities are undoubtedly intertwined. Since bacteria and fungi are major players in terrestrial biogeochemistry, this review focuses on the antibacterial and antifungal performance of GBNs, their antimicrobial mechanisms and influencing factors, as well as the impact of this effect on soil microbial communities. This review will provide a better understanding of the effects of GBNs on microorganisms at both the individual and population scales, thus providing an ecologically safe reference for the release of GBNs to different soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Cao
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China;
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Coal-Based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Graphene Forestry Application of National Forest and Grass Administration, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (B.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Baopeng Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Coal-Based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Graphene Forestry Application of National Forest and Grass Administration, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (B.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sai Ge
- Center of Academic Journal, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China;
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Coal-Based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Graphene Forestry Application of National Forest and Grass Administration, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; (B.D.); (J.Z.)
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3
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Zhou Y, Ma S, Li X, Liu X, Gao J, Lü D, Wang Y, Zheng S. Synthesis and antifungal activity of hexahydropyrrolidoindole alkaloids. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38529798 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2333047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Twenty-one hexahydropyrrolidoindole alkaloids were designed and synthesised via acylation reaction at the 3-N position from the commercially available indole-3-acetonitrile as the starting material in excellent yields. The effects of all target compounds against Verticillium dahlia, Fusarium oxysperium sp., Cytospora juglandis, Aspergillu sflavu, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum were determined. The results of bioassays indicated that the majority of tested compounds displayed comparable or better in vitro bioactivity than the positive control. Notably, compounds 8 and 17 revealed potent activity against C. juglandis and A. sflavu, both with the same minimum inhibitory concentration value of 1.9 µg mL-1, which has fungicidal activity far exceeded that of amphotericin B and chlorothalonil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shoude Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinye Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dingding Lü
- School of Nursing, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ya Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shaojun Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
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4
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Tiakouang EN, Ewonkem MB, Moto JO, Adjieufack AI, Deussom PM, Mbock MA, Ngeufa EH, Toze AFA, Wansi DJ. Synthesis, antimicrobial properties and in silico evaluation of coumarin derivatives mediated by 1,4-dibromobutane. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38411010 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2321507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, monobrominated coumarins (5-6) and bis-coumarins (7-9) were synthesized from 3-carboxylic coumarin and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin using 1,4-dibromobutane as a binding agent, according to the synthesis procedures described in the literature. Amongst these coumarins, three are new compounds: monobrominated coumarin 5 and bis-coumarins 7 and 9. The structures of the synthesized coumarins were confirmed by FTIR, NMR and HRMS-ESI. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of these coumarins against strains of twelve bacteria and four fungi revealed their bactericidal and fungicidal properties, with increased antibacterial activity for monocoumarins and improved antifungal activity for bis-coumarins. It was also found that the antibacterial activity was enhanced by the etheric bond, Br atom and alkyl chain and reduced by the ester bonds at position 3 of the pyrone ring or an additional coumarin unit, while the antifungal activity was reinforced by ester bonds and deactivated by the Br atom. For the first time, the in silico investigations of such coumarins were carried out and it was observed that they are less toxic, suitable for oral administration with good permeability through cell membrane, are able to circulate freely in the bloodstream and cross Blood-Brain-Barriers. Moreover, their molecular docking in DNA indicated stable coumarin-DNA complexes with good scores. The results of molecular dynamics simulations performed for 200 ns revealed the rigidity and stability of bis-coumarins (7-9) in the DNA binding pocket and predict that they are potent binders.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice N Tiakouang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Monique B Ewonkem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Jean O Moto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Abel I Adjieufack
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pascaline M Deussom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Michel A Mbock
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel H Ngeufa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Alfred F A Toze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Duplex J Wansi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
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Feng L, Shi Y, Zou J, Zhang X, Zhai B, Guo D, Sun J, Wang M, Luan F. Recent advances in Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides: Preparation techniques, structural features, and bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129047. [PMID: 38171434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum, a globally recognized medicinal and edible plant, possesses significant nutritional value and pharmacological value. In traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effects of tonifying the spleen and replenishing the Qi, moistening the lung and relieving the cough, clearing the heat and detoxifying, and relieving the pain. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the polysaccharides from P. grandiflorum (PGPs) are one of the major and representative biologically active macromolecules and have diverse biological activities, such as immunomodulatory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-tumor activity, regulation of the gut microbiota, anti-oxidant activity, anti-apoptosis activity, anti-angiogenesis activity, hypoglycemic activity, anti-microbial activity, and so on. Although the polysaccharides extracted from P. grandiflorum have been extensively studied for the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, and pharmacological activities, the knowledge of their structures and bioactivity relationship, toxicologic effects, and pharmacokinetic profile is limited. The main purpose of the present review is to provide comprehensively and systematically reorganized information on extraction and purification, structure characterizations, and biological functions as well as toxicities of PGPs to support their therapeutic potentials and sanitarian functions. New valuable insights for future research regarding PGPs were also proposed in the fields of therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lile Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Sanchez Armengol E, Grassiri B, Piras AM, Zambito Y, Fabiano A, Laffleur F. Ocular antibacterial chitosan-maleic acid hydrogels: In vitro and in vivo studies for a promising approach with enhanced mucoadhesion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127939. [PMID: 37951441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to design and evaluate a chitosan-based conjugate providing high mucoadhesiveness and antibacterial activity for ocular infections treatment. Chitosan was conjugated with maleic acid via amide bond formation and infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) allowed characterization and quantification of conjugated groups, respectively. Biocompatibility was tested via hemolysis assay and Hen's Egg-Chorioallantoic membrane test. Characterization of the pH and osmolarity of hydrogels was followed by mucoadhesion assessment utilizing rheology. In addition, antibacterial studies were carried out towards Escherichia coli by broth microdilution test and agar-disk diffusion assay. In vivo studies were carried out following the already established Draize test and determining pharmacokinetic profile of dexamethasone in aqueous humour. The conjugate exhibited a degree of modification of 50.05 % and no toxicity or irritability. Moreover, mucoadhesive properties were enhanced in 2.68-fold and 1.81-fold for elastic and viscous modulus, respectively. Furthermore, rheological synergism revealed the presence of a gel-like structure. Additionally, broth microdilution and agar disk diffusion studies exhibited enhancement in antibacterial activity. Finally, in vivo studies manifested that hydrogels were highly tolerated, evidencing promising characteristics of the developed conjugate. The conjugate presented promising antimicrobial, long lasting mucoadhesive features and highly improved pharmacokinetics, leading to a revolutionizing approach in the treatment of ocular bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brunella Grassiri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Pandey R, Pandey B, Bhargava A. The Emergence of N. sativa L. as a Green Antifungal Agent. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1521-1534. [PMID: 38409693 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575282914240217060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nigella sativa L. has been widely used in the Unani, Ayurveda, Chinese, and Arabic medicine systems and has a long history of medicinal and folk uses. Several phytoconstituents of the plant are reported to have excellent therapeutic properties. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have revealed that seed oil and thymoquinone have excellent inhibitory efficacy on a wide range of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to undertake a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the antifungal effects of different phytochemical constituents of black cumin. METHOD An exhaustive database retrieval was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, SciFinder, Google Scholar, and CABI to collect scientific information about the antifungal activity of N. sativa L. with 1990 to 2023 as a reference range using 'Nigella sativa,' 'Nigella oil,' 'antifungal uses,' 'dermatophytic fungi,' 'candidiasis,' 'anti-aflatoxin,' 'anti-biofilm' and 'biological activity' as the keywords. RESULTS Black cumin seeds, as well as the extract of aerial parts, were found to exhibit strong antifungal activity against a wide range of fungi. Among the active compounds, thymoquinone exhibited the most potent antifungal effect. Several recent studies proved that black cumin inhibits biofilm formation and growth. CONCLUSION The review provides an in-depth analysis of the antifungal activity of black cumin. This work emphasizes the need to expand studies on this plant to exploit its antifungal properties for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Pandey
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari-845401 (Bihar), India
| | - Brijesh Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari-845401 (Bihar), India
| | - Atul Bhargava
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari-845401 (Bihar), India
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8
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Hilmy KMH, Kishk FNM, Shahen EBA, Sobh EA, Hawata MA. New pyrrole derivatives as DNA gyrase and 14α-demethylase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, and molecular docking. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1204-1230. [PMID: 37165799 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot reaction utilizing readily available chemical reagents was used to prepare novel 2-amino-1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile derivatives and the structures of these compounds were validated by spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. All the synthetic compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities (MZI assay). The tested compounds proved high activities on Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Candida albicans (Pathogenic fungi). However, they did not show any activity on Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). The most effective compounds in MZI assay 7c, 9a, 9b, 11a, and 11b were selected to determine their MIC on S. aureus and C. albicans. Furthermore, DNA gyrase and 14-α demethylase inhibitory assays were performed to study the inhibitory activities of 7c, 9a, 9b, 11a, and 11b. The results illustrated that compound 9b was the most DNA gyrase inhibitor (IC50 of 0.0236 ± 0.45 µM, which was 1.3- fold higher than gentamicin reference IC50 values of 0.0323 ± 0.81 µM). In addition, compound 9b demonstrated the highest 14-α demethylase inhibitory effect with IC50 of 0.0013 ± 0.02 µM, compared to ketoconazole (IC50 of 0.0008 ± 0.03 µM) and fluconazole (IC50 of 0.00073 ± 0.01 µM), as antifungal reference drugs. Lastly, docking studies were performed to rationalize the dual inhibitory activities of the highly active compounds on both DNA gyrase and 14-α demethylase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M H Hilmy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Fawzya N M Kishk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Esmat B A Shahen
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University for Girls, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Sobh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hawata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Liang L, Zhang W, Hao J, Wang Y, Wei S, Zhang S, Hu Y, Lv Y. Estragole Inhibits Growth and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus by Affecting Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0134823. [PMID: 37289093 PMCID: PMC10434025 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01348-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of essential oils and edible compounds have been widely recognized for their antifungal activity in recent years. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity of estragole from Pimenta racemosa against Aspergillus flavus and investigated the underlying mechanism of action. The results showed that estragole had significant antifungal activity against A. flavus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5 μL/mL against spore germination. Additionally, estragole inhibited the biosynthesis of aflatoxin in a dose-dependent manner, and aflatoxin biosynthesis was significantly inhibited at 0.125 μL/mL. Pathogenicity assays showed that estragole had potential antifungal activity against A. flavus in peanut and corn grains by inhibiting conidia and aflatoxin production. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite synthesis following estragole treatment. Importantly, we experimentally verified reactive oxidative species accumulation following downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase. These results suggest that estragole inhibits the growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis of A. flavus by modulating intracellular redox homeostasis. These findings expand our knowledge on the antifungal activity and molecular mechanisms of estragole, and provide a basis for estragole as a potential agent against A. flavus contamination. IMPORTANCE Aspergillus flavus contaminates crops and produces aflatoxins, carcinogenic secondary metabolites which pose a serious threat to agricultural production and animal and human health. Currently, control of A. flavus growth and mycotoxin contamination mainly relies on antimicrobial chemicals, agents with side effects such as toxic residues and the emergence of resistance. With their safety, environmental friendliness, and high efficiency, essential oils and edible compounds have become promising antifungal agents to control growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis in hazardous filamentous fungi. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity of estragole from Pimenta racemosa against A. flavus and investigated its underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that estragole inhibits the growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis of A. flavus by modulating intracellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuke Liang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Hao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaibing Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuansen Hu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyong Lv
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Wang L, Dekker M, Heising J, Zhao L, Fogliano V. Food matrix design can influence the antimicrobial activity in the food systems: A narrative review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37154045 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2205937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are safe preservatives having the ability to protect foods from microbial spoilage and extend their shelf life. Many factors, including antimicrobials' chemical features, storage environments, delivery methods, and diffusion in foods, can affect their antimicrobial activities. The physical-chemical characteristics of the food itself play an important role in determining the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in foods; however the mechanisms behind it have not been fully explored. This review provides new insights and comprehensive knowledge regarding the impacts of the food matrix, including the food components and food (micro)structures, on the activities of antimicrobial agents. Studies of the last 10 years regarding the influences of the food structure on the effects of antimicrobial agents against the microorganisms' growth were summarized. The mechanisms underpinning the loss of the antimicrobial agents' activity in foods are proposed. Finally, some strategies/technologies to improve the protection of antimicrobial agents in specific food categories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Dekker
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Heising
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Gonzalez-Pastor R, Carrera-Pacheco SE, Zúñiga-Miranda J, Rodríguez-Pólit C, Mayorga-Ramos A, Guamán LP, Barba-Ostria C. Current Landscape of Methods to Evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031068. [PMID: 36770734 PMCID: PMC9920787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural extracts have been and continue to be used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, from infectious diseases to cancer, based on their convenience and therapeutic potential. Natural products derived from microbes, plants, and animals offer a broad variety of molecules and chemical compounds. Natural products are not only one of the most important sources for innovative drug development for animal and human health, but they are also an inspiration for synthetic biology and chemistry scientists towards the discovery of new bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals. This is particularly relevant in the current context, where antimicrobial resistance has risen as a global health problem. Thus, efforts are being directed toward studying natural compounds' chemical composition and bioactive potential to generate drugs with better efficacy and lower toxicity than existing molecules. Currently, a wide range of methodologies are used to analyze the in vitro activity of natural extracts to determine their suitability as antimicrobial agents. Despite traditional technologies being the most employed, technological advances have contributed to the implementation of methods able to circumvent issues related to analysis capacity, time, sensitivity, and reproducibility. This review produces an updated analysis of the conventional and current methods to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Gonzalez-Pastor
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Johana Zúñiga-Miranda
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pólit
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Arianna Mayorga-Ramos
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Linda P. Guamán
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (C.B.-O.)
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (C.B.-O.)
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12
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Yang H, Xie X, Li X, Bai Y. Polymethyl methacrylate resin containing ε-poly-L-lysine and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine with antimicrobial effects. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:228.e1-228.e8. [PMID: 36476985 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used in dentistry, including as a denture base material. However, the colonization of a PMMA surface by microbial microorganisms could increase the risk of oral diseases such as denture stomatitis and gingivitis. The development of PMMA with antibacterial properties should improve its clinical application, but whether adding ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) provides antimicrobial effects is unclear. PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to develop a novel antibacterial PMMA resin containing the natural nontoxic antibacterial agent ε-PL and the protein repellent agent MPC. The mechanical properties, protein repellency, and antimicrobial activities of the resin were then evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Different mass fractions of ε-PL and MPC were mixed into PMMA as the experimental groups, with unaltered PMMA as the control group. The flexural strength (n=10) and surface roughness (n=6) of the resulting mixtures were measured to determine their mechanical properties. The antiprotein properties were measured by using the micro bicinchoninic acid method (n=6). The antimicrobial effect of the resin was assessed using live/dead staining (n=6) and methyltransferase (MTT) assays (n=10). According to the variance homogeneity and normal distribution results, 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference test or the Welch test and the Games-Howell test were used (α=.05 for all tests). RESULTS No significant differences were found in the flexural strength values and surface roughness of the specimens containing 1.5% MPC and 1.5% ε-PL compared with those of the control (P>.05). The addition of ε-PL to the PMMA resin alone significantly increased its bactericidal properties (P<.05). Adding both ε-PL and MPC further increased the antibacterial activity of the PMMA resin without increasing protein adhesion more than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of both ε-PL and MPC into PMMA improved its antibacterial capacity without affecting its mechanical properties and did not increase protein adhesion. Therefore, the novel PMMA fabricated in this study shows promise for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Dental student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Professor, Dean, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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Kadhim E, Amin B, Amin B. Anti-Quorum Sensing Effect of Salvadora Persica Against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2204280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Quorum Sensing (QS) is a mechanism many bacteria use to manage their cooperative activities and physiological functions. The Fsr system in Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29,212) is an example of quorum sensing with a cell density-dependent two-component regulatory system mechanism. Several publications have shown that the Fsr system and proteases independently contribute to E. faecalis pathogenicity in various infection models.
Objectives:
There is currently no published research to determine the exact molecular ability of Salvadora persica on quorum-sensing genes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the plant extracts that inhibit the expression of the quorum-sensing gene (FsrC).
Methods:
Different fractions of Salvadora persica were obtained using different solvents, including standard hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethyl alcohol, and water which are expressed as fractions 1,2,3,4,5 and 6, respectively. Antibacterial activity assay of different plant extracts (S. persica) was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, the relative expression of the quorum-sensing (QS) gene was evaluated using a One-step quantitative RT-PCR PrimeScript™ RT-PCR Kit.
Results:
All fractions of S. persica showed antimicrobial activity. However, ethyl acetate- S. persica inhibited the growth of E. faecalis (ATCC 29,212) at the lowest concentration, which was 20mg/ml and the highest concentration inhibited the growth of E. faecalis (ATCC 29,212) was 60mg/ml (chloroform- S. persica). Furthermore, the highest change fold value of (4.99) was recorded in treated E. faecalis (ATCC 29,212) with fraction 1 (hexane).
Conclusion:
Overall, S. persica showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis (ATCC 29,212). However, more studies are required to investigate the effect of different plant extracts on quorum-sensing genes of Enterococcus faecalis.
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Khan F, Tabassum N, Bamunuarachchi NI, Kim YM. Phloroglucinol and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobial Properties toward Microbial Pathogens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4817-4838. [PMID: 35418233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol (PG) is a natural product isolated from plants, algae, and microorganisms. Aside from that, the number of PG derivatives has expanded due to the discovery of their potential biological roles. Aside from its diverse biological activities, PG and its derivatives have been widely utilized to treat microbial infections caused by bacteria, fungus, and viruses. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microbial infections necessitates the chemical synthesis of numerous PG derivatives in order to meet the growing demand for drugs. This review focuses on the use of PG and its derivatives to control microbial infection and the underlying mechanism of action. Furthermore, as future perspectives, some of the various alternative strategies, such as the use of PG and its derivatives in conjugation, nanoformulation, antibiotic combination, and encapsulation, have been thoroughly discussed. This review will enable the researcher to investigate the possible antibacterial properties of PG and its derivatives, either free or in the form of various formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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First Report of Streptococcus ruminantium in Wildlife: Phenotypic Differences with a Spanish Domestic Ruminant Isolate. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus ruminantium is a recent reclassification of the former Streptococcus suis serovar 33. Although knowledge about S. suis is extensive, information on S. ruminantium host range and pathogenic potential is still scarce. This bacterium has been isolated from lesions in domestic ruminants, but there are no reports in wild animals. Here, we provide information on lesions associated with S. ruminantium in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and domestic sheep from NE Spain, as well as phenotypic biopatterns and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of the isolates. Overall, lesions caused by S. ruminantium were similar to those caused by S. suis, excluding polyserositis. Heterogeneity of the phenotypic profiles was observed within the S. ruminantium strains by VITEK-2, resulting in only two tests common to all S. ruminantium isolates and different from S. suis: Alpha-Galactosidase and Methyl-B-D-Glucopyranoside, both positive for S. suis and negative for S. ruminantium strains. Isolates from Pyrenean chamois were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, except danofloxacin, whereas the domestic sheep isolate was resistant to tetracycline. In conclusion, S. ruminantium can cause infection and be associated with pathology in both wild and domestic ruminants. Due to its phenotypic diversity, a specific PCR is optimal for identification in routine diagnosis.
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