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Zhang XY, Lu Y, Du Y, Wang WL, Yang LL, Wu QY. Comprehensive GC×GC-qMS with a mass-to-charge ratio difference extraction method to identify new brominated byproducts during ozonation and their toxicity assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:124103. [PMID: 33265069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation might increase the risk of wastewater due to byproduct formation, especially in the presence of bromide. In this study, a new analytical method was developed to identify new brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs) during ozonation, using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS) connected with an electron capture detector in parallel. The obtained data were analyzed using a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) difference extraction method. Over 1304 DBPs were detected in an ozonated phenylalanine solution. Further screening of 635 DBPs was conducted using the m/z difference extraction method. Finally, the structures for 12 Br-DBPs were confirmed and for 4 Br-DBPs were tentatively proposed by comparison with the NIST library and standard compounds. Eight of the confirmed Br-DBPs are first reported and identified: 2-bromostyrene, 1-bromo-1-phenylethylene, 2-bromobenzaldehyde, 3-bromobenzaldehyde, 4-bromobenzaldehyde, 2-bromophenylacetonitrile, 3-bromophenylacetonitrile and 4-bromophenylacetonitrile. These DBPs and 2,4,6-tribromophenol were detected at nanogram- to microgram-per-liter concentrations during ozonation of authentic water samples like algal bloom waters, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and surface water. The toxicities of these compounds were generally higher than that of bromate. The developed analytical method is a powerful technique for analyzing complex compounds and provides a novel way of identifying byproducts in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, International Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yao Lu
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ye Du
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lu-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, International Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, International Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Metabolic Profiling of Varronia curassavica Jacq. Terpenoids by Flow Modulated Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a metabolomic approach was used to investigate the effect of seasonality on the chemical composition and yield of anti-inflammatory active principle, α-humulene, in the essential oil of three genotypes of Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Syn. Cordia verbenaceae). The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS). The GC×GC approach a three-fold improvement in qualitative analysis (48 compounds were identified by GC-MS versus 135 by GC×GC-MS). The improved resolving power of GC×GC resolved important coelutions and enabled the detection of unusual substances in V. curassavica essential oil. The chromatographic data was analyzed by using peak table-based chemometrics, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The metabolic study showed that seasonality has a significant effect on the chemical composition. The α-humulene content was affected by genotype and season. Spring and summer were the best harvest seasons for the yield of the active ingredient, found in higher concentrations in the VC2 genotype. The proposed metabolomic workflow was successfully applied to terpene analysis found in V. curassavica essential oil, and such results have broadened our understanding of the influence of seasonal factors on the specialized metabolism of the species.
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Lebanov L, Tedone L, Kaykhaii M, Linford MR, Paull B. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Part 2: Application to Characterisation and Identification. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Multidimensional Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Part 1: Technical Developments. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dos Santos AL, Novaes ADS, Polidoro ADS, de Barros ME, Mota JS, Lima DBM, Krause LC, Cardoso CAL, Jacques RA, Caramão EB. Chemical characterisation of Piper amalago (Piperaceae) essential oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with rapid-scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC/qMS) and their antilithiasic activity and acute toxicity. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:432-445. [PMID: 29479742 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Piper amalago has a distribution from Mexico to Brazil; their aerial parts have been used in folk medicine to treat diuretic and kidney diseases. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from both the leaves and stems of P. amalago, compare them, and evaluate their antilithiasic activity and acute toxicity. METHODOLOGY Extraction was performed by hydrodistillation, whereas chemical characterisation by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with rapid-scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC/qMS). The antilithiasic activity was evaluated by the effect of the EOs on calcium oxalate crystallisation in vitro. The turbidity index and the number of crystals formed were determined and used as an estimative of the activity. In the acute toxicity assay, the effects of a single oral dose of the EOs in Wistar rats were determined. General behaviour, adverse effects, and mortality were determined. RESULTS A total of 322 compounds were identified in the EOs. The sesquiterpenes displayed the highest contribution in leaves EOs among which included bicyclogermacrene and δ-cadinene. Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes displayed the highest contribution in EOs from stems, among which included bicyclogermacrene and α-cadinol. The EOs demonstrated an excellent action on the crystals growth inhibition, and the oral dose tested did not induce significant changes in the parameters for acute toxicity. CONCLUSION The oils have a high chemical complexity, and there are differences between their compositions, which could explain the observed differences in antilithiasic activity. The findings support the use of this plant in folk medicine to treat kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaí L Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Allan Dos S Polidoro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Eduardo de Barros
- Hospital da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jonas S Mota
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Daiane B M Lima
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Laiza C Krause
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Cláudia A L Cardoso
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rosângela A Jacques
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elina B Caramão
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia - Energia e Meio Ambiente, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Dymerski T. Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled With Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:252-278. [PMID: 29185796 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1411248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of instrumental analytical techniques provided the opportunity for in-depth characterization of many food matrices. In particular, the use of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry gives impressive results in terms of quality and authenticity testing, conducting food freshness evaluations and contamination assessments. A new variant of gas chromatography, namely two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), and various versions of mass spectrometry have been developed since last 15 years, and they still remain at the time of their renaissance. The present critical review is focused on the use of GC × GC coupled with mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative reasons in food analysis. It is explained how powerful analytical tool is above-mentioned technical solution. Special attention is devoted to the issues related to the development of this technique during last years in terms of key construction elements, such as modulators and MS detectors. Finally, the critical discussion on many various aspects including advantages and more important disadvantages, caused probable moderate interest of this solution, in food analytics is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dymerski
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdańsk University of Technology , Gdańsk , Poland
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Li C, Wang D, Xu X, Xu M, Wang Z, Xiao R. Tracking changes in composition and amount of dissolved organic matter throughout drinking water treatment plants by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:123-131. [PMID: 28738197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can affect the performance of water treatment processes and produce undesirable disinfection by-products during disinfection. Several studies have been undertaken on the structural characterization of DOM, but its fate during drinking water treatment processes is still not fully understood. In this work, the nontargeted screening method of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS) was used to reveal the detailed changes of different chemical classes of compounds in DOM during conventional and advanced drinking water treatment processes at three drinking water treatment plants in China. The results showed that when the dissolved organic carbon removal was low, shifts in the DOM composition could not be detected with the specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254nm, but the changes were clear in the three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix or GC×GC-qMS analyses. Coagulation-sedimentation processes selectively removed 37-59% of the nitrogenous compounds, alcohols and aromatic hydrocarbons but increased the concentrations of halogen-containing compounds by 17-26% because of the contact time with chlorine in this step. Filtration was less efficient at removing DOM but preferentially removed 21-60% of the acids. However, other organic matter would be released from the filter (e.g., nitrogenous compounds, acids, and aromatic hydrocarbons). Biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment removed most of the compounds produced from ozonation, particularly ketones, alcohols, halogen-containing compounds and acids. However, it should be noted that certain highly polar or high molecular weight compounds not identified in this study might be released from the BAC bed. After the whole treatment processes, the concentrations of nitrogenous compounds, alcohols, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones were decreased more by the advanced treatment processes than by the conventional treatment processes. Alcohol and ketone removals were probably related to the reduction in protein-like materials. Alkane removal was probably related to the reduction in fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Li C, Wang D, Xu X, Wang Z. Formation of known and unknown disinfection by-products from natural organic matter fractions during chlorination, chloramination, and ozonation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:177-184. [PMID: 28238434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is the main precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed during drinking water treatment processes. Previous studies of the relationships between DBP formation and NOM fractionation have mainly been focused on currently regulated DBPs and a few certain emerging DBPs. In this work, the Suwannee River NOM solution was fractionated into groups with different hydrophobicities using DAX-8 resins, and volatile and semi-volatile DBPs formed during the chlorination, chloramination and ozonation of the NOM fractions were examined by a nontargeted screening of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry procedure. The results showed that a total of 302 DBPs representing nine chemical classes were detected, of which 266 were possibly newly detected, based on library searching with NIST 08 library (using similarity and reverse values of at least 600 and 700, respectively) and linear retention indices. The characterization of DBP precursors suggests that hydrophobic (HPO) NOM contains the major fraction of precursor for the formation of nitrogenous DBPs (contributing about 60% of the total nitrogenous DBPs) during all three disinfection processes. Much larger amounts of heterocyclic DBPs were formed from the HPO fraction than from the hydrophilic fraction during chlorination. During chloramination and ozonation, 5-15 times more ketones were formed from the hydrophilic fraction than from the HPO fraction. During ozonation, more than twice the amounts of esters and alcohols were formed from the hydrophilic fraction than from the HPO fraction. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectra suggest that similar to the formation of regulated DBPs, humic acid-like substances are probably the precursors of halogen-containing DBPs. Relatively higher nitrogenous DBPs formation from the HPO fraction might be because of the existence of protein-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Landoulsi A, Roumy V, Duhal N, Skhiri FH, Rivière C, Sahpaz S, Neut C, Benhamida J, Hennebelle T. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Aerial Parts and Roots of Eryngium barrelieri Boiss. and Eryngium glomeratum Lam. from Tunisia. Chem Biodivers 2017; 13:1720-1729. [PMID: 27448616 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study of chemical composition and biological activity of unexplored essential oils may open new perspectives on their potential use in facing major health concerns such as drug-resistant infections. The present study investigates the chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of previously unstudied essential oils obtained from genus Eryngium: Eryngium glomeratum Lam. and Eryngium barrelieri Boiss. The chemical compositions of the essential oils from aerial parts and roots of both species were studied using GC and GC/MS analytical technics. The analysis led to the identification of 102 compounds totalizing 85 - 94% of all detected compounds. Essential oils were characterized by the predominance of oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The oils obtained from aerial parts were tested against 36 microbial strains by agar dilution method and showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the range of 2 - 625 μg/ml. A strong antibacterial activity against multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed especially from E. glomeratum essential oil with MIC value up to 2 μg/ml. These findings give significant information about the pharmacological activity of these essential oils, which suggest their potential use to develop new remedies, or as sources of active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameni Landoulsi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics and Organic Food Preservation, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie, Institut Charles Violette, EA 7394, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Lille, BP 83, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, FR-59006, Lille Cedex
| | - Vincent Roumy
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie, Institut Charles Violette, EA 7394, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Lille, BP 83, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, FR-59006, Lille Cedex
| | - Nathalie Duhal
- Service Commun de Physico-Chimie CUMA, Faculté de Pharmacie, BP 83, 3, Rue du Professeur-Laguesse, FR-59006, Lille Cedex
| | - Fethia Harzallah Skhiri
- Laboratory of Genetic Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources (LR11ES41), High Institute of Biotechnology, Rue Tahar Haddad, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Céline Rivière
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie, Institut Charles Violette, EA 7394, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Lille, BP 83, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, FR-59006, Lille Cedex
| | - Sevser Sahpaz
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie, Institut Charles Violette, EA 7394, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Lille, BP 83, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, FR-59006, Lille Cedex
| | - Christel Neut
- INSERM U995, UFR Pharmacie, Université Lille 2, FR-59000, Lille
| | - Jeannette Benhamida
- Unit of Functional Proteomics and Organic Food Preservation, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Laboratoire Régional de Recherche en Agro-alimentaire et Biotechnologie, Institut Charles Violette, EA 7394, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Lille, BP 83, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, FR-59006, Lille Cedex
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Li C, Wang D, Li N, Luo Q, Xu X, Wang Z. Identifying unknown by-products in drinking water using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry and in silico toxicity assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:535-543. [PMID: 27567153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in extraction and detection technologies have increased our abilities to identify new disinfection by-products (DBPs) over the last 40 years. However, most previous studies combined DBP identification and measurement efforts with toxicology to address concerns on a few expected DBPs, making it difficult to better define the health risk from the individual DBPs. In this study, a nontargeted screening method involving comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC × GC-qMS) combined with OECD QSAR Toolbox Ver. 3.2 was developed for identifying and prioritizing of volatile and semi-volatile DBPs in drinking water. The method was successfully applied to analyze DBPs formed during chlorination, chloramination or ozonation of the raw water. Over 500 compounds were tentatively identified in each sample, showing the superior performance of this analytical technique. A total of 170 volatile and semi-volatile DBPs representing fourteen chemical classes were then identified, according to the criteria that the DBP was presented in the duplicate treated samples. The genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of the DBPs were evaluated using Toolbox, and 58 DBPs were found to be actual or potential genotoxicants. The accuracy of the compound identification was determined by comparing 47 identified compounds with commercially available standards. About 90% (41 of the 47) of the compounds that were automatically identified using the library were correct. The results show that GC×GC-qMS coupled with a quantitative structure-activity relationship model is a powerful and fast nontargeted screening technique for compounds. The method and results provide us a new idea for identification and prioritization of DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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de Lima PF, Furlan MF, de Lima Ribeiro FA, Pascholati SF, Augusto F. In vivo determination of the volatile metabolites of saprotroph fungi by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1924-32. [PMID: 25808238 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we discuss the use of multiway principal component analysis combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography to study the volatile metabolites of the saprophytic fungus Memnoniella sp. isolated in vivo by headspace solid-phase microextraction. This fungus has been identified as having the ability to induce plant resistance against pathogens, possibly through its volatile metabolites. Adequate culture media were inoculated, and its headspace was then sampled with a solid-phase microextraction fiber and chromatographed every 24 h over seven days. The raw chromatogram processing using multiway principal component analysis allowed the determination of the inoculation period, during which the concentration of volatile metabolites was maximized, as well as the discrimination of the appropriate peaks from the complex culture media background. Several volatile metabolites not previously described in the literature on biocontrol fungi were observed, as well as sesquiterpenes and aliphatic alcohols. These results stress that, due to the complexity of multidimensional chromatographic data, multivariate tools might be mandatory even for apparently trivial tasks, such as the determination of the temporal profile of metabolite production and extinction. However, when compared with conventional gas chromatography, the complex data processing yields a considerable improvement in the information obtained from the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Feliciano de Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (IQ - Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra Fontes Furlan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (IQ - Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Alves de Lima Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (IQ - Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Augusto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (IQ - Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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