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Najman K, Rajewski R, Sadowska A, Hallmann E, Buczak K. Changes in the Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties of Yerba Mate Depending on the Brewing Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:2590. [PMID: 38893465 PMCID: PMC11173391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Yerba Mate drink made from dried and crushed leaves and twigs of Paraguayan holly (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.), which is a valuable source of bioactive substances, in particular antioxidants. The available literature lacks data on changes in the content and profile of bioactive compounds such as tannins, caffeine, the phenolic acid profile of flavonoids and carotenoids, as well as total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in Yerba Mate infusions depending on different brewing conditions, and how different brewing conditions affect the physicochemical properties of these infusions. Therefore, this study evaluated the physicochemical properties of dried and Yerba Mate infusions prepared via single and double brewing processes at 70 °C and 100 °C. The organoleptic evaluation, as well as the instrumental color measurement, showed significant changes in the total color difference (ΔE) and the L*a*b* chromatic coordinates of dried Yerba Mate samples and their infusions. Moreover, the research showed higher contents of tannins (mean 1.36 ± 0.14 g/100 g d.m.), caffeine (mean 17.79 ± 3.49 mg/g d.m.), carotenoids (mean 12.90 ± 0.44 μg/g d.m.), phenolic acids (mean 69.97 ± 7.10 mg/g d.m.), flavonoids (mean 5.47 ± 1.78 mg/g d.m.), total polyphenols (mean 55.26 ± 8.51 mg GAE/g d.m.), and antioxidant activity (mean 2031.98 ± 146.47 μM TEAC/g d.m.) in single-brewed Yerba Mate infusions compared to double-brewed (0.77 ± 0.12 g/100 g d.m., 14.28 ± 5.80 mg/g d.m., 12.67 ± 0.62 μg/g d.m., 57.75 ± 8.73 mg/g d.m., 3.64 ± 0.76 mg/g d.m., 33.44 ± 6.48 mg GAE/g d.m. and 1683.09 ± 155.34 μM TEAC/g d.m., respectively). In addition, infusions prepared at a lower temperature (70 °C) were characterized by a higher content of total polyphenols and higher antioxidant activity, in contrast to the tannin and carotenoid contents, the levels of which were higher at 100 °C than at 70 °C. Considering the high amount of bioactive ingredients, in particular antioxidants, and a wide range of health benefits, it is worth including Yerba Mate in the daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Najman
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Rafał Rajewski
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Ewelina Hallmann
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
- Bioeconomy Research Institute, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaicio 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Krzysztof Buczak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwadzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
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Różewska A, Proch J, Niedzielski P. Leaves, Infusion, and Grounds-A Three-Stage Assessment of Element Content in Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Based on the Dynamic Extraction and Mineralization of Residues. Foods 2024; 13:509. [PMID: 38397486 PMCID: PMC10887975 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The more yerba mate infusions that are consumed, the larger the amount of grounds generated. What is more, both the infusion and the residues after brewing remain rich elements. Therefore, a strategy for the three-stage assessment of the element content was presented. A new brewing method was based on dynamic extraction, ensuring both the ease of preparing the infusion and recovering the grounds. In turn, microwave-assisted acid mineralization was used to decompose the leaves and twigs of yerba mate before and after brewing. In total, 30 products were analyzed by ICP OES in three fractions each, i.e., dry yerba mate, infusion, and grounds, to determine up to 25 elements. The elemental composition was considered in terms of the country of origin, type, or composition of yerba mate. The extraction percentages obtained with dynamic extraction were comparable to previously used ultrasound-assisted extraction, as well as data from the literature. The three-stage strategy is a novel approach in yerba mate studies, and it may be a model procedure for the laboratory preparation of yerba mate grounds (waste that can be re-used, e.g., a natural fertilizer).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jędrzej Proch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.R.); (P.N.)
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3
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Leoncio MS, Garcia EE. Assessment on Solubility and Solid Phase Chemical Fractionation of Manganese in Hot Infusions of Green and Roasted Mate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5825-5838. [PMID: 36929114 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A solid phase chemical fractionation (SPCF) of the Mn in hot infusions prepared from commercial samples of roasted (RM) and green mate (GM) using a chelating resin Chelex 100 (NH4+ form) was performed to assess the relative lability of this essential trace element (ETE). In addition, total Mn contents in the RM and GM samples and their infusions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Total polyphenol (TP) contents and the presence of soluble melanoidins (SM) were correlated with the Mn solubility in the RM and GM infusions. From the SPCF study, it was possible to observe that the soluble Mn forms in the mate infusions were essentially associated with relatively noninert chemical species (98.4-99.7%), suggesting that they may be potentially bioavailable. In addition, the soluble Mn contents in the GM infusions were 20.5% higher than those found in the RM. Mn solubility in the (RM) infusions was highly and directly correlated (r = 0.99) with the soluble TP, while in the GM infusions, it was high and inversely correlated with soluble TP (r = -0.87). On the other hand, Mn solubility in the RM and GM infusions was weakly correlated with the SM. It should be stressed that GM infusions can contribute with 57 and 44% more than the RM infusions to the recommended adequate intake of Mn established for females and males, respectively. Moreover, this work is the first to evaluate and compare the relative lability of Mn and its solubility in the RM and GM infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva Leoncio
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá , Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Egea Garcia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá , Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
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Ribeiro SAO, da Silva CS, de Araújo Nogueira AR, Garcia EE. Solubility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb and Its Correlation with Total Polyphenols and Soluble Melanoidins in Hot Infusions of Green and Roasted Mate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2563-2572. [PMID: 35689152 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The total and soluble contents of three potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Cd, Cr, and Pb) and two essential elements (Cu and Ni) in commercial green and roasted mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) and their hot infusions were accessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Total polyphenolic (TP) contents in the infusions were accessed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the presence of soluble melanoidins (SM) was evaluated by measuring absorbances at 420 nm. The soluble element contents in hot infusions of green mate were present in the following increasing order: Pb < Cd < Cr < Cu, and Ni. For hot infusions of roasted mate, the increasing order was: Cu < Pb < Cd < Cr < Ni. Except for Cr, hot infusions of roasted mate supply lower contents of the soluble PTEs than hot infusions of green mate. Cadmium was the only of evaluated trace element found in hot infusions of green and roasted mate as well as in some of their mate samples above the maximum allowed contents established by Brazilian legislation. Despite this, polyphenol and melanoidin contents in green and roasted mate infusions may reduce Cd bioavailability. The soluble trace elements that correlated directly with total polyphenols in hot infusions of green or roasted mate are indirectly correlated with the presence of soluble melanoidins. Moreover, this is the first study to evaluate the correlations of soluble forms of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb with the presence of SM and TP contents in hot infusions of green and roasted mate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Santos da Silva
- Laboratório Exata, Rua Silvestre de Carvalho Lopes, 173, Vila Jardim Rio Claro, 17375802-005, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Edivaldo Egea Garcia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900, Brazil.
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Welna M, Szymczycha-Madeja A, Pohl P. Novel ICP-OES-Based Method for the Reliable Determination of the Total Content of 15 Elements in Yerba Mate Drinks along with the Determination of Caffeine and the In Vitro Bioaccessibility of the Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083374. [PMID: 37110609 PMCID: PMC10145091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A fully validated inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)-based method combined with a simplified sample preparation procedure for the determination of up to 15 elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in caffeinated yerba mate (YM) drinks was proposed. Various "green" treatments (acidification or dilution with a HNO3 solution and direct analysis of untreated YM with or without sonication (US)) that could replace the traditional total sample decomposition before spectrometric measurements were tested and compared. The key selection parameter was the analytical performance of the ICP-OES method obtained with each sample preparation procedure in terms of the precision and the trueness of results and limits of detection (LODs) of elements. It was found that the acidification of YMs with concentrated HNO3 to 5%, supported by US (10 min, room temperature (RT)), provided the best results, i.e., LODs at 0.11-8.5 ng g-1, precision below 5%, and trueness better than 5% (97.0%-105% as recoveries). Eleven YM drinks, commercially available on the Polish market, were analyzed with the proposed method. In addition to the mineral content, the concentration of caffeine in all analyzed YMs was determined and compared. Finally, the studies were completed by determining the bioaccessible fraction of selected elements and caffeine in YMs using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID) in order to evaluate the nutritional value/risk assessment of these drinks. Accordingly, the bioaccessibility of nutritious elements (Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn) and caffeine was within 40%-59%. Except for Mn, it was established that by drinking daily 1 L of YMs, the recommended dietary intakes (RDIs) of the aforementioned essential elements were covered to a low degree (<4.5%). Hence, they are not an important source of these elements in the human diet. On the other hand, potentially toxic elements (Al, Ba, Sr) were found in a relatively inert form. Opposite to minerals, YMs can supply human organisms with quite high amounts of natural caffeine in bioaccessible form (31-70 mg per serving).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Welna
- Division of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szymczycha-Madeja
- Division of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Pohl
- Division of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Proch J, Różewska A, Orłowska A, Niedzielski P. Influence of Brewing Method on the Content of Selected Elements in Yerba Mate ( Ilex paraguarensis) Infusions. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051072. [PMID: 36900585 PMCID: PMC10001064 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of the extraction method on the concentrations of selected elements in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) infusions is presented. Seven pure yerba mate samples (without additives) were selected, representing various types and countries of origin. An extensive sample preparation procedure was proposed: ultrasound-assisted extraction using two types of extractants (deionized and tap water) at two different temperatures (room and 80 °C). In parallel, the above extractants and temperatures were carried out for all samples by the classical brewing method (without ultrasound). In addition, microwave-assisted acid mineralization was carried out to determine the total content. All the proposed procedures were thoroughly investigated with certified reference material (tea leaves, INCT-TL-1). For the total content of all the determined elements, acceptable recoveries (80-116%) were obtained. All digests and extracts were analyzed by simultaneous ICP OES. For the first time, it was assessed how tap water extraction affects the percentage of extracted element concentrations.
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7
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Green analytical methodology for grape juice classification using FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zaldarriaga Heredia J, Wagner M, Jofré FC, Savio M, Azcarate SM, Camiña JM. An overview on multi-elemental profile integrated with chemometrics for food quality assessment: toward new challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8173-8193. [PMID: 35319312 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2055527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food products, especially those with high value-added, are commonly subjected to strict quality controls, which are of paramount importance, especially for attesting to some peculiar features related, for instance, to their geographical origin and/or the know-how of their producers. However, the sophistication of fraudulent practices requires a continuous update of analytical platforms. Different analytical techniques have become extremely appealing since the instrumental analysis tools evolution has substantially improved the capability to reveal and understand the complexity of food. In light of this, multi-elemental composition has been successful implemented solving a plethora of food authentication and traceability issues. In the last decades, it has existed an ever-increasing trend in analysis based on spectrometry analytical platforms in order to obtain a multi-elemental profile that combined with chemometrics have been noteworthy analytical methodologies able to solve these problems. This review provides an overview of published reports in the last decade (from 2011 to 2021) on food authentication and quality control from their multi-element composition in order to evaluate the state-of-the-art of this field and to identify the main characteristics of applied analytical techniques and chemometric data treatments that have permit achieve accurate discrimination/classification models, highlighting the strengths and the weaknesses of these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgelina Zaldarriaga Heredia
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Wagner
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cora Jofré
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Marianela Savio
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Silvana Mariela Azcarate
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - José Manuel Camiña
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
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9
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Yerba Mate as a Source of Elements and Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020371. [PMID: 35204253 PMCID: PMC8868397 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) is a plant species of the holly genus Ilex native to South America from the family Aquifoliaceae and is used for the production of yerba mate infusion. The leaves of the plant are steeped in hot water to make a beverage known as mate. The present study aimed to quantify and compare the content of selected elements in dried leaves and stems of I. paraguariensis (originating from Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil) available in the market in Poland and determine the amount of these elements and bioactive compounds that pass into the infusion prepared from them. The contents of the following antioxidant compounds were assessed: neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 4-feruloylquinic acid, isochlorogenic acid, rutoside, astragalin, caffeine, and indole derivatives. All the tested samples showed the presence of elements such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for infusion prepared from yerba mate samples from Brazil. Drinking approximately 1 L of the infusion a day will partially cover the daily requirement of these elements and bioactive compounds. The highest content of organic compounds with antioxidant properties (phenolic compounds and caffeine) was found in yerba mate infusions from Brazil.
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Elemental and Speciation Analyses of Different Brands of Yerba Mate ( Ilex paraguariensis). Foods 2021; 10:foods10122925. [PMID: 34945476 PMCID: PMC8700693 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a methodology for determination of As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), Fe(II) and Fe(III) in fifty-eight samples (forty-nine products of thirteen brands from three countries) commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) was performed. The hyphenated high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HPLC-ICP OES) technique was used. Arsenic was determined below the quantification limit in 38 samples of yerba mate. As(III) was found at the level 0.09 and 0.08 mg kg−1. The As(V) content was in the range: 0.21 to 0.28 mg kg−1. The content of DMA was found the highest of the three arsenic species in the range: 0.21 to 0.47 mg kg−1. The content of Fe(II) and Fe(III) was found in the range: 0.61 to 15.4 mg kg−1 and 0.66 to 43.1 mg kg−1, respectively and the dominance of Fe(III) was observed. Moreover, total and extractable content of 16 elements were determined. The results have been subjected to statistical analysis in order to establish relationships between samples of the same origin (country), kind (type) and composition (purity).
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11
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Gawron-Gzella A, Chanaj-Kaczmarek J, Cielecka-Piontek J. Yerba Mate-A Long but Current History. Nutrients 2021; 13:3706. [PMID: 34835962 PMCID: PMC8622869 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bearing in mind the growing interest in Yerba Mate, a comprehensive study has been prepared containing the most important aspects and possibilities of its use. The introduction of the work contains the species characteristics of Yerba Mate, as well as information about the origin and places of cultivation. The next part focuses on the analysis of the composition, pointing to purine alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, and minerals as groups of active compounds responsible for the clinical activity of Yerba Mate. The review of the results of preclinical and clinical studies indicates activity in relation to the stimulating effect, reducing weight by stimulating lipolysis, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The information about the action of Yerba Mate is supplemented by the characteristics of its potential toxicity in terms of PAHs content (in particular benzo[α]pyrene) and preparation as a determinant of increased irritation. The current data on the effects of Yerba Mate and the wide safety margin of its use position this raw material as a valuable component of functional food. The growing frequency of consuming Yerba Mate, conditioned by the availability resulting from the globalization of the market and the information provided about it's the pro-health effects, will position Yerba Mate's popularity among wider population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Swiecickiego Street, 61-781 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.-G.); (J.C.-K.)
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12
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Cadmium and lead concentrations in yerba mate leaves from agroforestry and plantation systems: An international survey in South America. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Proch J, Niedzielski P. Multi-mode Sample Introduction System (MSIS) as an interface in the hyphenated system 2 HPLC-MSIS-ICP-OES in simultaneous determination of metals and metalloids species. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1147:1-14. [PMID: 33485568 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a usage of a new hyphenated technique, wherein a Multi-mode Sample Introduction System (MSIS) was applied as an interface of two high pressure liquid chromatography units and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (2 HPLC-MSIS-ICP-OES). Simultaneous separation and detection of non-hydride forming and hydride forming elements was possible due to the application of two different HPLC column, cation-exchange and anion-exchange respectively. The method was able to determine 15 elements quantitatively with a distinction of three arsenic and two iron species and it was validated obtaining acceptable LODs (2.67-28.7 μg L-1) and recoveries (80-120%). The method applicability was presented and confirmed on 5 varied sample matrix types i.e. post-glacial sediments, yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), soil samples located in the proximity of industry wastes disposal site, river sediments, and archaeological pottery. In addition to the above, unknown Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn species were detected in real samples (qualitative speciation analysis) and the identification was attempted according to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Proch
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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14
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Pardinho RB, Vecchia PD, Alves CMAC, Pimentel N, Gazzana D, Bolzan RC, Duarte FA, Bisognin DA, Flores EMM. Ilex Paraguariensis exposition to As and Cd in a closed soilless system. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127284. [PMID: 32563913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The exposition of mate (Ilex Paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) to As and Cd was investigated in plants derived from young mini-cuttings. Mate plants were cultivated in a closed soilless system, composed of coarse sand as substrate and flood fertirrigation. Plantlets were fertirrigated with nutritive solution and As and Cd solutions were added to the nutritive solution in the final concentration of 8 and 17 mg L-1 (As) and of 17 and 33 mg L-1 (Cd) during 14 days. Results show that stem diameter and Dickson quality index (DQI) variables could not be used as a potential indicator of accumulation of As and Cd. The shoot height, number of leaves and chlorophyll index are variables easy and quick to measure and they can be used as parameters to evaluate the stress caused in mate plants cultivation in a closed soilless system. The highest concentration of As and Cd was in roots of plants. Beyond the roots, As and Cd also can be translocated to the leaves achieving high concentrations. In addition, leaves from the treated mate plants were submitted to a hot infusion extraction in order to simulate the traditional beverage and As and Cd were determined in the infusion. Regarding to the infusion procedure, considerable As and Cd amounts were extracted from the leaves leading to conclude that this way of consumption can be an important source of toxic elements for the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan B Pardinho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Dalla Vecchia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila M A C Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Pimentel
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Gazzana
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Bolzan
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Dilson A Bisognin
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Discrimination of sparkling wines samples according to the country of origin by ICP-OES coupled with multivariate analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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ZIELINSKI AAF, ALBERTI A, BONA E, BORTOLINI DG, BENVENUTTI L, BACH F, Demiate IM, NOGUEIRA A. A multivariate approach to differentiate yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) commercialized in the southern Brazil on the basis of phenolics, methylxanthines and in vitro antioxidant activity. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evandro BONA
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brasil
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17
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Rocha WFDC, do Prado CB, Blonder N. Comparison of Chemometric Problems in Food Analysis Using Non-Linear Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:E3025. [PMID: 32630676 PMCID: PMC7411792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food analysis is a challenging analytical problem, often addressed using sophisticated laboratory methods that produce large data sets. Linear and non-linear multivariate methods can be used to process these types of datasets and to answer questions such as whether product origin is accurately labeled or whether a product is safe to eat. In this review, we present the application of non-linear methods such as artificial neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing maps, and multi-layer artificial neural networks in the field of chemometrics related to food analysis. We discuss criteria to determine when non-linear methods are better suited for use instead of traditional methods. The principles of algorithms are described, and examples are presented for solving the problems of exploratory analysis, classification, and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werickson Fortunato de Carvalho Rocha
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Av. N. S. das Graças, 50, Xerém, Duque de Caxias 25250-020, RJ, Brazil; (W.F.C.R.); (C.B.d.P.)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8390 Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Charles Bezerra do Prado
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Av. N. S. das Graças, 50, Xerém, Duque de Caxias 25250-020, RJ, Brazil; (W.F.C.R.); (C.B.d.P.)
| | - Niksa Blonder
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8390 Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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18
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Fluorescence spectroscopy application for Argentinean yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) classification assessing first- and second-order data structure properties. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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In–spray chamber hydride generation by multi–mode sample introduction system (MSIS) as an interface in the hyphenated system of high performance liquid chromatography and inductivity coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HPLC/HG–ICP–OES) in arsenic species determination. Talanta 2020; 208:120395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Combination of stable isotopes and multi-elements analysis with chemometric for determining the geographical origins of Rhizoma Coptidis. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Wise G, Negrin A. A critical review of the composition and history of safe use of guayusa: a stimulant and antioxidant novel food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2393-2404. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1643286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Wise
- Office of the Vice President of Innovation, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador
- Center for Global Health Equity, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Negrin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, Bronx, New York, USA
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22
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Rao JC, Gowri Naidu B, Sarita P, Srikanth S, Naga Raju GJ. Elemental analysis of Pterocarpus Santalinus by PIXE and ICP-MS: chemometric approach. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Gan RY, Zhang D, Wang M, Corke H. Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from the Genus Ilex, a Source of Traditional Caffeinated Beverages. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1682. [PMID: 30400635 PMCID: PMC6265843 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea and coffee are caffeinated beverages commonly consumed around the world in daily life. Tea from Camellia sinensis is widely available and is a good source of caffeine and other bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols and carotenoids). Other tea-like beverages, such as those from the genus Ilex, the large-leaved Kudingcha (Ilex latifolia Thunb and Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng), Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil), Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria), and Guayusa (Ilex guayusa Loes) are also traditional drinks, with lesser overall usage, but have attracted much recent attention and have been subjected to further study. This review summarizes the distribution, composition, and health benefits of caffeinated beverages from the genus Ilex. Plants of this genus mainly contain polyphenols and alkaloids, and show diverse health benefits, which, as well as supporting their further popularization as beverages, may also lead to potential applications in the pharmaceutical or nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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24
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Hidalgo MJ, Pozzi MT, Furlong OJ, Marchevsky EJ, Pellerano RG. Classification of organic olives based on chemometric analysis of elemental data. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Pardinho RB, Dalla Vecchia P, Mendes AL, Bizzi CA, Mello PA, Duarte FA, Flores EM. Determination of toxic elements in yerba mate by ICP-MS after diluted acid digestion under O2 pressure. Food Chem 2018; 263:37-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Interval importance index to select relevant ATR-FTIR wavenumber Intervals for falsified drug classification. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:494-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Gliszczyńska-Świgło A, Klimczak I, Rybicka I. Chemometric analysis of minerals in gluten-free products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3041-3048. [PMID: 29194641 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies indicate mineral deficiencies in people on a gluten-free (GF) diet. These deficiencies may indicate that GF products are a less valuable source of minerals than gluten-containing products. In the study, the nutritional quality of 50 GF products is discussed taking into account the nutritional requirements for minerals expressed as percentage of recommended daily allowance (%RDA) or percentage of adequate intake (%AI) for a model celiac patient. Elements analyzed were calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Analysis of %RDA or %AI was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). RESULTS Using PCA, the differentiation between products based on rice, corn, potato, GF wheat starch and based on buckwheat, chickpea, millet, oats, amaranth, teff, quinoa, chestnut, and acorn was possible. In the HCA, four clusters were created. The main criterion determining the adherence of the sample to the cluster was the content of all minerals included to HCA (K, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn); however, only the Mn content differentiated four formed groups. CONCLUSION GF products made of buckwheat, chickpea, millet, oats, amaranth, teff, quinoa, chestnut, and acorn are better source of minerals than based on other GF raw materials, what was confirmed by PCA and HCA. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inga Klimczak
- Faculty of Commodity Science, Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poznan, Poland
| | - Iga Rybicka
- Faculty of Commodity Science, Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poznan, Poland
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28
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Correia FO, Silva DS, Costa SSL, Silva IKV, da Silva DR, Alves JDPH, Garcia CA, Maranhão TDA, Passos EA, Araujo RG. Optimization of microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma-based methods to characterize cassava, corn and wheat flours using chemometrics. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Gaiad JE, Hidalgo MJ, Villafañe RN, Marchevsky EJ, Pellerano RG. Tracing the geographical origin of Argentinean lemon juices based on trace element profiles using advanced chemometric techniques. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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de Souza CT, Soares SA, Queiroz AF, Santos AMD, Ferreira SL. Determination and evaluation of the mineral composition of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) using multivariate analysis technique. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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32
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Hidalgo MJ, Fechner DC, Marchevsky EJ, Pellerano RG. Determining the geographical origin of Sechium edule fruits by multielement analysis and advanced chemometric techniques. Food Chem 2016; 210:228-34. [PMID: 27211642 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the determination and evaluation of the major and trace element composition (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr and Zn) of Sechium edule (Jacq) Swartz fruits collected from four different places of production in Corrientes province, Argentina. Element concentrations were determined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) after microwave digestion. The accuracy was confirmed with standard reference material of spinach leaves (NIST, 1570a) and spiking tests. Principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to the results for discriminating the geographical origin of S. edule fruits. Finally, the LDA method was found to perform best with up to 90% accuracy rate based on the following elements: Ca, Ba, Cu, Mn, Na, Sr, and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa J Hidalgo
- Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), UNNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Av. Libertad 5400, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Diana C Fechner
- Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), UNNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Av. Libertad 5400, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Eduardo J Marchevsky
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL), UNSL-CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Av. Ejercito de los Andes 950, (5700) San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Roberto G Pellerano
- Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), UNNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Av. Libertad 5400, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina.
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33
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Cardozo Junior EL, Morand C. Interest of mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) as a new natural functional food to preserve human cardiovascular health – A review. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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34
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Marcelo MC, Pozebon D, Ferrão MF. Authentication of yerba mate according to the country of origin by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) associated with chemometrics. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1215-22. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Lv S, Wu Y, Wei J, Lian M, Wang C, Gao X, Meng Q. Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometrics methods for assessing volatile profiles of Pu-erh tea with different processing methods and ageing years. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A method was developed based on head-space solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical methods to assess volatile profiles in different types of Pu-erh teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
- Kunming Grain & Oil and Feed Product Quality Inspection Center
| | - Yuanshuang Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 210029
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Lian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxiong Meng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
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36
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Georgiou CA, Danezis GP. Elemental and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Marcelo M, Mariotti K, Ferrão M, Ortiz R. Profiling cocaine by ATR–FTIR. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 246:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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