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Simultaneous determination of phenolic pollutants in dairy products held in various types of packaging by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Fuchsman P, Fetters K, O'Connor A, Bock M, Henning M, Brown L, Mrdjen I, Stanton K. Ecological Risk Analysis for Benzalkonium Chloride, Benzethonium Chloride, and Chloroxylenol in US Disinfecting and Sanitizing Products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:3095-3115. [PMID: 36349534 PMCID: PMC9827944 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Use of three topical antiseptic compounds-benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzethonium chloride (BZT), and chloroxylenol (PCMX)-has recently increased because of the phaseout of other antimicrobial ingredients (such as triclosan) in soaps and other disinfecting and sanitizing products. Further, use of sanitizing products in general increased during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. We assessed the environmental safety of BAC, BZT, and PCMX based on best available environmental fate and effects data from the scientific literature and privately held sources. The ecological exposure assessment focused on aquatic systems receiving effluent from wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) and terrestrial systems receiving land-applied WWTP biosolids. Recent exposure levels were characterized based on environmental monitoring data supplemented by modeling, while future exposures were modeled based on a hypothetical triclosan replacement scenario. Hazard profiles were developed based on acute and chronic studies examining toxicity to aquatic life (fish, invertebrates, algae, vascular plants) and terrestrial endpoints (plants, soil invertebrates, and microbial functions related to soil fertility). Risks to higher trophic levels were not assessed because these compounds are not appreciably bioaccumulative. The risk analysis indicated that neither BZT nor PCMX in any exposure media is likely to cause adverse ecological effects under the exposure scenarios assessed in the present study. Under these scenarios, total BAC exposures are at least three times less than estimated effect thresholds, while margins of safety for freely dissolved BAC are estimated to be greater than an order of magnitude. Because the modeling did not specifically account for COVID-19 pandemic-related usage, further environmental monitoring is anticipated to understand potential changes in environmental exposures as a result of increased antiseptic use. The analysis presented provides a framework to interpret future antiseptic monitoring results, including monitoring parameters and modeling approaches to address bioavailability of the chemicals of interest. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3095-3115. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Bolívar-Subirats G, Rivetti C, Cortina-Puig M, Barata C, Lacorte S. Occurrence, toxicity and risk assessment of plastic additives in Besos river, Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128022. [PMID: 33297045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the presence, seasonal variability and impact of plastic additives along the Besos river basin (Catalonia, Spain). This river flows through a highly urbanized and industrialized area with discharge of >25 Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and with large amounts of floating plastics. Compounds studied included 5 phthalates, its substitutes acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and bis(2-ehtylhexyl) adipate, 12 long and short chain alkylphenols, bisphenol A and benzophenone, most of them high volume production chemicals. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to determine ng/L concentrations. Toxicity evaluation was performed for each individual compound using Daphnia magna as test organism and it was found that the effect concentration (EC50) decreased with increasing octanol-water partition coefficients. The EC50 values calculated and Measured Environmental Concentrations were used to determine the risk quotients. Only diethylhexylphthalate, nonylphenol and octylphenol, with median concentrations from 41.9 to 826 ng/L, caused a small risk mostly in downstream waters with 50-75% of the samples overpassing the Environmental Quality Standards set by the European Union. Seasonal variations were observed with higher levels in summer due to low water flows. WWTPs effluents and leaching from floating plastics or microplastics were presumably main sources of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabino Bolívar-Subirats
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Claudia Rivetti
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cortina-Puig
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Apostolović T, Tričković J, Kragulj Isakovski M, Jović B, Maletić S, Tubić A, Agbaba J. Investigation of chlorinated phenols sorption mechanisms on different layers of the Danube alluvial sediment. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 98:134-142. [PMID: 33097144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of the Danube river alluvial sediment are of great importance in assessing the risk for transport of pollutants to drinking water sources. Characterization of the sediment column layers has shown that the alluvial sediment, sampled near the city of Novi Sad, is a mesoporous sandy material with certain differences in the properties of individual layers. In order to investigate the sorption mechanisms of four chlorinated phenols (CPs) on the alluvial deposit, static sorption experiments were performed at pH 4, 7 and 10. The results of sorption experiments, confirmed by principal components analysis sugest different mechanisms govern the sorption process at different pH conditions. This can be attributed to the molecular characteristics of CPs, geosorbent properties and to variations in the surface charge of the sorbent at different pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Apostolović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tričković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia..
| | - Marijana Kragulj Isakovski
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branislav Jović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Maletić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Tubić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Agbaba
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Chen J, Qi Y, Pan X, Wu N, Zuo J, Li C, Qu R, Wang Z, Chen Z. Mechanistic insights into the reactivity of Ferrate(VI) with phenolic compounds and the formation of coupling products. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:338-349. [PMID: 31051378 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the removal of 2-benzylphenol (2-BP), phenol (Ph), chlorophene (CP), and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) by Fe(VI) have been examined at pH 8.0. The second-order rate constant (k) for substrates degradation at a Fe(VI) concentration of 0.2 mM was in the order of kCP (353 M-1 s-1) > k4-CP (131 M-1 s-1) > k2-BP (102 M-1 s-1) > kPh (40 M-1 s-1), indicating that the presence of chlorine and benzyl groups in benzene ring can enhance the reactivity of the phenolic compounds with Fe(VI). Reaction products were identified by a liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS), and four reaction mechanisms, including hydroxylation of benzene ring, cleavage of C-C bridge bond, substitution of chlorine atom by hydroxyl group, and the single-electron coupling mechanism were proposed for phenols degradation by Fe(VI). The extracted peak areas of the degradation products showed that the single-electron coupling reaction is the main degradation mechanism in Fe(VI) oxidation processes. In addition to direct attack by Fe(VI), hydroxyl radical, as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, also plays a role in phenols degradation. The •OH initiated reactions and single-electron coupling reactions were further explored by total charges distribution, transition state calculations and potential energy profiles. In addition, Fe(VI) could also work as a highly effective oxidant for substrates removal from real waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Yumeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Xiaoxue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Jialiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China.
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Zhaoxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
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Li C, Jin F, Snyder SA. Recent advancements and future trends in analysis of nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation product nonylphenol in food and environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Brycht M, Leniart A, Zavašnik J, Nosal–Wiercińska A, Wasiński K, Półrolniczak P, Skrzypek S, Kalcher K. Paste electrode based on the thermally reduced graphene oxide in ambient air – Its characterization and analytical application for analysis of 4–chloro–3,5–dimethylphenol. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Benvidi A, Nikmanesh M, Dehghan Tezerjani M, Jahanbani S, Abdollahi M, Akbari A, Rezaeipoor-Anari A. A comparative study of various electrochemical sensors for hydrazine detection based on imidazole derivative and different nano-materials of MCM-41, RGO and MWCNTs: Using net analyte signal (NAS) for simultaneous determination of hydrazine and phenol. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brycht M, Lochyński P, Barek J, Skrzypek S, Kuczewski K, Schwarzova-Peckova K. Electrochemical study of 4-chloro-3-methylphenol on anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode in the absence and presence of a cationic surfactant. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Faludi T, Balogh C, Serfőző Z, Molnár-Perl I. Analysis of phenolic compounds in the dissolved and suspended phases of Lake Balaton water by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11966-11974. [PMID: 26006075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As a novel approach to characterize the phenolic pollutants of Lake Balaton (Central Europe, western Hungary), 26 endocrine disrupting phenols (chlorophenols, nitrophenols, alkylphenols, triclosan, bisphenol-A) were quantified in dissolved and suspended particulate matter (SPM) phases, alike. Sample collection was performed in the western and eastern basins, at 20 sites in April and October 2014. Solid-phase and ultrasound-assisted extractions to withdraw target phenols from dissolved and suspended phases were employed. Compounds were derivatized with hexamethyldisilazane and trifluoroacetic acid for their quantification as trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In Lake Balaton's dissolved phase, 2-chlorophenol (103-164 ng/L), 4-chlorophenol (407-888 ng/L), 2,4-dichlorophenol (20.2-72.0 ng/L), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (10.4-38.1 ng/L), 2-nitrophenol (31.0-66.5 ng/L), 4-nitrophenol (31.5-94.1 ng/L), and bisphenol-A (20.6-112 ng/L), while in its SPM, 4-chlorophenol (<LOQ-1274 μg/kg, dry matter), 4-nitrophenol (423-714 μg/kg), 4-nonylphenol isomers (1500-2910 μg/kg), and bisphenol-A (250-587 μg/kg) were determined. Since phenolics appear partially or exclusively in the SPM, the analysis of both phases proved to be of primary importance. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Faludi
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, L. Eötvös University, 1518, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, Hungary
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Mahmoudi Moghaddam H, Beitollahi H, Tajik S, Sheikhshoaie I, Biparva P. Fabrication of novel TiO2 nanoparticles/Mn(III) salen doped carbon paste electrode: application as electrochemical sensor for the determination of hydrazine in the presence of phenol. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:407. [PMID: 26045039 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine and phenol are two important environmental pollutants. In this work, an electrochemical sensor for the selective and sensitive detection of hydrazine in presence of phenol was developed by the bulk modification of carbon paste electrode (CPE) with TiO2 nanoparticles and Mn(III) salen. Large peak separation, good sensitivity, and stability allow this modified electrode to analyze hydrazine individually and simultaneously along with phenol. Applying square wave voltammetry (SWV), a linear dynamic range of 3 × 10(-8)-4.0 × 10(-4) M with detection limit of 10.0 nM was obtained for hydrazine. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the determination of hydrazine and phenol in some real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mahmoudi Moghaddam
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center and Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,
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Corrales J, Kristofco LA, Steele WB, Yates BS, Breed CS, Williams ES, Brooks BW. Global Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Environment: Review and Analysis of Its Occurrence and Bioaccumulation. Dose Response 2015; 13:1559325815598308. [PMID: 26674671 PMCID: PMC4674187 DOI: 10.1177/1559325815598308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Because bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical, we examined over 500 peer-reviewed studies to understand its global distribution in effluent discharges, surface waters, sewage sludge, biosolids, sediments, soils, air, wildlife, and humans. Bisphenol A was largely reported from urban ecosystems in Asia, Europe, and North America; unfortunately, information was lacking from large geographic areas, megacities, and developing countries. When sufficient data were available, probabilistic hazard assessments were performed to understand global environmental quality concerns. Exceedances of Canadian Predicted No Effect Concentrations for aquatic life were >50% for effluents in Asia, Europe, and North America but as high as 80% for surface water reports from Asia. Similarly, maximum concentrations of BPA in sediments from Asia were higher than Europe. Concentrations of BPA in wildlife, mostly for fish, ranged from 0.2 to 13 000 ng/g. We observed 60% and 40% exceedences of median levels by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in Europe and Asia, respectively. These findings highlight the utility of coordinating global sensing of environmental contaminants efforts through integration of environmental monitoring and specimen banking to identify regions for implementation of more robust environmental assessment and management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Lauren A. Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - W. Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Brian S. Yates
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Christopher S. Breed
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - E. Spencer Williams
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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