1
|
La Colla NS, Salvador P, Botté SE, Artíñano B. Air quality and characterization of synoptic circulation weather patterns in a South American city from Argentina. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119722. [PMID: 38061092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The potential cause-effect relationship between synoptic meteorological conditions and levels of criteria air pollutants, including CO, NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5 and SO2, in Bahia Blanca, Argentina, was assessed for the period of 2018-2019. Daily back-trajectories and global meteorological data fields were employed to characterize the primary transport paths of air masses reaching the study site, and to identify the synoptic meteorological patterns responsible for these atmospheric circulations. Time series of surface-level meteorological parameters and midday mixing layer height were collected to examine the impact of the synoptic meteorological patterns on local meteorology. Furthermore, the NAAPS global aerosol model was utilized to identify days when contributions from long-range transport processes, such as dust and/or biomass burning smoke, impacted air quality. By applying this methodology, it was determined that the air masses coming from the N, NW and W regions significantly contributed to increased mean concentrations of coarse particles in this area through long-range transport events involving dust and smoke. Indeed, the high average levels of PM10 recorded in 2018-2019 (annual mean values of 47 and 52 μg/m3, respectively) represent the main air quality concern in Bahía Blanca. Moreover, PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 emissions should be reduced in order to meet recommended air quality guidelines. On the other hand, the results from this study suggest that the sources and meteorological processes leading to the increase in the concentrations of CO and SO2 have a local-regional origin, although these air pollutants did not reach high values probably as a consequence of the strong wind speed registered in this region during any synoptic meteorological pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia S La Colla
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Bahía Blanca, 8000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, 8000, Argentina.
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra E Botté
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Bahía Blanca, 8000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, 8000, Argentina
| | - Begoña Artíñano
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olson NE, Boaggio KL, Rice RB, Foley KM, LeDuc SD. Wildfires in the western United States are mobilizing PM 2.5-associated nutrients and may be contributing to downwind cyanobacteria blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1049-1066. [PMID: 37232758 PMCID: PMC10585592 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire activity is increasing in the continental U.S. and can be linked to climate change effects, including rising temperatures and more frequent drought conditions. Wildfire emissions and large fire frequency have increased in the western U.S., impacting human health and ecosystems. We linked 15 years (2006-2020) of particulate matter (PM2.5) chemical speciation data with smoke plume analysis to identify PM2.5-associated nutrients elevated in air samples on smoke-impacted days. Most macro- and micro-nutrients analyzed (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, silicon, aluminum, iron, manganese, and magnesium) were significantly elevated on smoke days across all years analyzed. The largest percent increase was observed for phosphorus. With the exception of ammonium, all other nutrients (nitrate, copper, and zinc), although not statistically significant, had higher median values across all years on smoke vs. non-smoke days. Not surprisingly, there was high variation between smoke impacted days, with some nutrients episodically elevated >10 000% during select fire events. Beyond nutrients, we also explored instances where algal blooms occurred in multiple lakes downwind from high-nutrient fires. In these cases, remotely sensed cyanobacteria indices in downwind lakes increased two to seven days following the occurrence of wildfire smoke above the lake. This suggests that elevated nutrients in wildfire smoke may contribute to downwind algal blooms. Since cyanobacteria blooms can be associated with the production of cyanotoxins and wildfire activity is increasing due to climate change, this finding has implications for drinking water reservoirs in the western United States, and for lake ecology, particularly alpine lakes with otherwise limited nutrient inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Katie L Boaggio
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R Byron Rice
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Kristen M Foley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Stephen D LeDuc
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kong X, Salvador CM, Carlsson S, Pathak R, Davidsson KO, Le Breton M, Gaita SM, Mitra K, Hallquist ÅM, Hallquist M, Pettersson JBC. Molecular characterization and optical properties of primary emissions from a residential wood burning boiler. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142143. [PMID: 32898781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modern small-scale biomass burners have been recognized as an important renewable energy source because of the economic and environmental advantages of biomass over fossil fuels. However, the characteristics of their gas and particulate emissions remain incompletely understood, and there is substantial uncertainty concerning their health and climate impacts. Here, we present online measurements conducted during the operation of a residential wood-burning boiler. The measured parameters include gas and particle concentrations, optical absorption and chemical characteristics of gases and particles. Positive matrix factorization was performed to analyze data from a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) equipped with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO). Six factors were identified and interpreted. Three factors were related to the chemical composition of the fuel representing lignin pyrolysis products, cellulose/hemicellulose pyrolysis products, and nitrogen-containing organics, while three factor were related to the physical characteristics of the emitted compounds: volatile compounds, semi-volatile compounds, and filter-derived compounds. An ordinal analysis was performed based on the factor fractions to identify the most influential masses in each factor, and by deconvoluting high-resolution mass spectra fingerprint molecules for each factor were identified. Results from the factor analysis were linked to the optical properties of the emissions, and lignin and cellulose/hemicellulose pyrolysis products appeared to be the most important sources of brown carbon under the tested burning conditions. It is concluded that the emissions from the complex combustion process can be described by a limited set of physically meaningful factors, which will help to rationalize subsequent transformation and tracing of emissions in the atmosphere and associated impacts on health and climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Christian Mark Salvador
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ravikant Pathak
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Le Breton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samuel Mwaniki Gaita
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa M Hallquist
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao XH, Fan X, Xia JL, Mo WL, Nulahong A, Zhao YP, Zhao W, Ma FY, Wei XY. Sequential thermal dissolution of two low-rank coals and characterization of their structures by high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8887. [PMID: 32656863 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/TOF-MS) were used to separate and reveal the molecular characteristics of organic matter in low-rank coals. METHODS Six soluble portions (SPs) were obtained by sequential thermal dissolution (TD) of two low-rank coals in the order of cyclohexane, acetone and methanol solvents at 300°C. Organic matter with different molecular characteristics were enriched in eachTD extract, which was further separated and analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC/TOF-MS using an electrospray ionization source in positive mode to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the structural composition of coals. RESULTS Low polarity compounds like alkanes and arenes have a better solubility in cyclohexane. Phorone has the highest relative abundance in the acetone SPs, and the main compounds detected in the methanol SPs are alcohols and phenols. According to the data from HPLC/TOF-MS, most of the oxygen atoms are in the form of carbonyl and alkoxy groups. The nitrogen-containing compounds in SPs are mainly saturated aliphatic amines and pyridines. The sulfur-containing compounds mainly exist in the form of thioalkanes and thiophenes. CONCLUSIONS Non-destructive methods were used to obtain soluble matter from coals, and different chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques were used to separate and analyze the organic matter in coals. Detailed molecular structural information was obtained for the efficient and clean utilization of low-rank coals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Cleaning Conversion and Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Jun-Liu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Wen-Long Mo
- Key Laboratory of Coal Cleaning Conversion and Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Aisha Nulahong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Cleaning Conversion and Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Feng-Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coal Cleaning Conversion and Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Cleaning Conversion and Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tong X, Wang S, Wang L. Kinetics and mechanism of syringic acid degradation initiated by hydroxyl radical and sulphate radical in the aqueous phase. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:126997. [PMID: 32473466 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Syringic acid (Syr) is an abundant component in aerosol particles. Multiphase photo-oxidation in aerosol phase provides an important oxidation pathway for Syr in the atmosphere. In this work, we studied the multiphase degradation of Syr by measuring rate coefficients of its reactions with potential radical oxidants (OH and SO4-) in aqueous solutions and by theoretical calculations, and degradation mechanisms by identifying the (intermediate) products. Rate coefficients, in 109 M-1 s-1, were obtained as 32 ± 2 (pH 3) and 25 ± 2 (pH 6) for reactions with OH radical, and 1.7 ± 0.1 (pH 3) and 0.9 ± 0.02 (pH 6) for reactions with SO4-. Reactions of Syr with OH and SO4- were all in diffusion-control limit. Rate coefficients' difference under pH 6 and pH 3 in SO4- reaction was caused by Coulomb's force between negatively charged species. Theoretical calculations showed that the reaction of Syr with OH starts mainly by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from phenolic groups and secondly by OH addition to the aromatic ring. No product was identified in the reaction of Syr and OH radical at pH 3 due probably to the rapid mineralization of phenoxy radical formed from HAT, while products after OH additions were identified for a reaction at pH 6. On the other hand, reaction of Syr with SO4- starts by single-electron transfer (SET), forming Syr+, which can undergo hydrolysis, sulfation, and dimerization with Syr and other aromatic intermediates, etc. Dimerization products from the phenoxy-type radical were not found here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jose J, Srimuruganandam B. Investigation of road dust characteristics and its associated health risks from an urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2819-2840. [PMID: 32026171 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, road dust is a major source of inhalable particulate matter in any urban environment. This research seeks to assess the elemental composition of road dust at Vellore city, India, and to evaluate its health risks. For this, dust samples are collected from 18 locations in the study region. The collected samples are digested and analysed for about 25 elements using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, of which 19 elements have concentration greater than the detection limit of the instrument (Al, Ba, Ca, Mg, Sr, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Zn, In, K, Li, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Rb). The highest mean concentration is noted for Fe (22,638.23 mg/kg) followed by Ca (13,439.47 mg/kg), Al (8445.89 mg/kg) and Mg (3381.20 mg/kg). Enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (CF) are calculated for 10 trace elements: Cu, Co, Cr, Ga, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn. Elements Ga and Zn show the highest EF and CF. Source identification recognized that crustal material and traffic as the major sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Further, the health risk assessment is performed for nine PTEs and identifies that Fe, Pb, Cr and Co are elements with the highest health index. Health index of these elements suggests a possible health risk. Ingestion is the major pathway, and children are found to be at a higher risk compared to adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jithin Jose
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - B Srimuruganandam
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kasthuriarachchi NY, Rivellini LH, Adam MG, Lee AKY. Light Absorbing Properties of Primary and Secondary Brown Carbon in a Tropical Urban Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10808-10819. [PMID: 32867480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC) has significant climatic impact, but its emission sources and formation processes remain under-represented in climate models. However, there are only limited field studies to quantify the light absorption properties of specific types of primary and secondary organic aerosols (POAs and SOAs) in different environments. This work investigates the light absorption properties of the major OA components in Singapore, a well-developed city in the tropical region, where air quality can be influenced by multiple local urban sources and regional biomass burning events. The source-specific mass absorption cross-section (MAC) and wavelength dependence of different BrC components were quantified based on highly time-resolved aerosol chemical composition and absorption measurements. In particular, the combustion-related emission sources were the primary contributors to BrC light absorption and they were moderately absorbing. The SOA materials, which were freshly formed under atmospheric conditions with industrial influences, were also moderately light absorptive. The aged SOA components that were composed of aged regional emissions, including biomass burning and coal combustion emissions from nearby regions, were weakly light absorbing, highlighting the possibility of photobleaching of BrC during their atmospheric aging and dispersion. Lastly, our estimations illustrate that typical urban POAs and SOAs can contribute up to approximately 36-58% of the BrC absorption, even in some urban locations that are influenced by biomass burning emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nethmi Y Kasthuriarachchi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Laura-Hélèna Rivellini
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Max G Adam
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Alex K Y Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dissolved and Suspended Forms of Metals and Metalloids in Snow Cover of Megacity: Partitioning and Deposition Rates in Western Moscow. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11090907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and ratio of dissolved and suspended forms of metals and metalloids (MMs) in snow cover and their deposition rates from the atmosphere in the western part of Moscow were studied. Forms of MMs were separated using a filter with pore diameter of 0.45 μm; their concentrations were measured by ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods. Anthropogenic impact in Moscow caused a significant increase in dust load (2–7 times), concentration of solid particles in snow cover (2–5 times), and mineralization of snow meltwater (5–18 times) compared to the background level. Urban snow contains Sn, Ti, Bi, Al, W, Fe, Pb, V, Cr, Rb, Mo, Mn, As, Co, Cu, Ba, Sb, Mg mainly in suspended form, and Ca and Na in dissolved form. The role of suspended MMs in the city significantly increases compared to the background region due to high dust load, usage of de-icing salts, and the change of acidic background conditions to alkaline ones. Anthropogenic emissions are the main sources of suspended Ca, W, Co, V, Sr, Ti, Mg, Na, Mo, Zn, Fe, Sb, and Cu in the snow cover of traffic zone. These elements’ concentrations in roadside snow cover exceed the background values more than 25 times. The highest concentrations and deposition rates of MMs in the snow of Moscow are localized near the large and medium roads.
Collapse
|
9
|
Organic Molecular Marker from Regional Biomass Burning—Direct Application to Source Apportionment Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To reduce fine particulate matter (PM2.5) level, the sources of PM2.5 in terms of the composition thereof needs to be identified. In this study, the experimental burning of ten types of biomass that are typically used in Republic of Korea, collected at the regional area were to investigate the indicated organic speciation and the results obtained therefrom were applied to the chemical mass balance (CMB) model for the study area. As a result, the organic molecular markers for the biomass burning were identified as they were varying according to chemical speciation of woods and herbaceous plants and depending upon the hard- and soft characteristics of specimens. Based on the source profile from biomass burning, major sources of PM2.5 in the study area of the present study appeared as sources of biomass burning, the secondary ions, secondary particulate matters, which is including long-distance transport, wherein the three sources occupied most over 84% of entire PM2.5. In regard to the subject area distinguished into residential area and on roads, the portion of the biomass burning appeared higher in residential area than on roads, whereas the generation from vehicles of gasoline engine and burning of meats in restaurants, etc. appeared higher on roads comparing to the residential area.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sanguineti PB, Lanzaco BL, López ML, Achad M, Palancar GG, Olcese LE, Toselli BM. PM2.5 monitoring during a 10-year period: relation between elemental concentration and meteorological conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:313. [PMID: 32333116 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four monitoring campaigns between the years 2009 and 2018 were conducted in Córdoba City, Argentina, to detect toxic metals in PM2.5 samples. The concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Hg, Ni, and Zn, together with several other elements, were measured. The average metal concentrations followed the order: Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn > Pb > V > Ni > As ~ Sb > Cd > Tl > Pd > Hg > Pt. From the analysis of the temporal variation in the elemental concentration of PM2.5, results show seasonal variations that reach, in general, a maximum in the coldest seasons and a minimum in the warmer seasons. These differences could be explained by the different weather conditions during each season, the influence of the El Niño/La Niña regimen, and the presence of fires on certain sampling dates. The source apportionment analysis performed for the period 2017-2018 showed the contribution to PM2.5 of combustion of heavy fuel oil and diesel-powered vehicles, pet coke, metallurgical and nonferrous industries, paint plant factory, traffic, and natural sources like the soil and road dust. This last analysis completed the assignment of sources for the 10-year period of study. Thus, the results of this work contribute to the implementation of emission reduction strategies in order to decrease the impact of PM2.5 on the environment and the human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela B Sanguineti
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Físico Química, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC)/CONICET/CLCM, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bethania L Lanzaco
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Físico Química, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC)/CONICET/CLCM, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura López
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG)/CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Achad
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Físico Química, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC)/CONICET/CLCM, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo G Palancar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Físico Química, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC)/CONICET/CLCM, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis E Olcese
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Físico Química, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC)/CONICET/CLCM, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz M Toselli
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Físico Química, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC)/CONICET/CLCM, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Analysis of levoglucosan and its isomers in atmospheric samples by ion chromatography with electrospray lithium cationisation - Triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460557. [PMID: 31570193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) emissions are a significant source of particles to the atmosphere, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, where the occurrence of anthropogenic and natural wild fires is common. These emissions can threaten human health through increased exposure, whilst simultaneously representing a significant source of trace metals and nutrients to the ocean. One well known method to track BB emissions is through monitoring the atmospheric concentration of specific monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs), specifically levoglucosan and its isomers, mannosan and galactosan. Herein, a new method for the determination of levoglucosan and its isomers in marine and terrestrial aerosol samples is presented, which delivers both high selectivity and sensitivity, through the coupling of ion chromatography and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Optimal chromatographic conditions, providing baseline separation for target anhydrosugars in under 8 min, were obtained using a Dionex CarboPacⓇ PA-1 column with an electrolytically generated KOH gradient. To improve the ionisation efficiency for MS detection, an organic make-up solvent was fed into the IC column effluent before the ESI source, and to further increase both sensitivity and selectivity, cationisation of levoglucosan was investigated by adding salts into the make-up solvent, namely, sodium, ammonium and lithium salts. Using positive lithium cationisation with 0.5 mM lithium chloride in methanol as the make-up solvent, delivered at a flow rate of 0.02 mL min-1, the levoglucosan response was improved by factors of 100 and 10, comparing to negative ionisation and positive sodium cationisation, respectively. Detection was carried out in SRM mode for quantitation and identification, achieving an instrumental LOD of 0.10, 0.12 and 0.5 µg L-1 for levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan, respectively. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 41 marine and terrestrial aerosol samples from Australia, its surrounding coastal waters and areas within the remote Southern Ocean, covering a large range of BB marker concentrations.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamashita GH, Anzanello MJ, Soares F, Rocha MK, Fogliatto FS, Rodrigues NP, Rodrigues E, Celso PG, Manfroi V, Hertz PF. Hierarchical classification of sparkling wine samples according to the country of origin based on the most informative chemical elements. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|