1
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Li L, Thomsen D, Wu C, Priestley M, Iversen EM, Tygesen Sko̷nager J, Luo Y, Ehn M, Roldin P, Pedersen HB, Bilde M, Glasius M, Hallquist M. Gas-to-Particle Partitioning of Products from Ozonolysis of Δ 3-Carene and the Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:918-928. [PMID: 38293769 PMCID: PMC10860141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Formation of oxidized products from Δ3-carene (C10H16) ozonolysis and their gas-to-particle partitioning at three temperatures (0, 10, and 20 °C) under dry conditions (<2% RH) and also at 10 °C under humid (78% RH) conditions were studied using a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) combined with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO). The Δ3-carene ozonolysis products detected by the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS were dominated by semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The main effect of increasing temperature or RH on the product distribution was an increase in fragmentation of monomer compounds (from C10 to C7 compounds), potentially via alkoxy scission losing a C3 group. The equilibrium partitioning coefficient estimated according to equilibrium partitioning theory shows that the measured SVOC products distribute more into the SOA phase as the temperature decreases from 20 to 10 and 0 °C and for most products as the RH increases from <2 to 78%. The temperature dependency of the saturation vapor pressure (above an assumed liquid state), derived from the partitioning method, also allows for a direct way to obtain enthalpy of vaporization for the detected species without accessibility of authentic standards of the pure substances. This method can provide physical properties, beneficial for, e.g., atmospheric modeling, of complex multifunctional oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Ditte Thomsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Michael Priestley
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | | | | | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
- IVL
Swedish Environmental Institute, Malmö21119, Sweden
| | - Henrik B. Pedersen
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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2
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Wang Y, Liang S, Le Breton M, Wang QQ, Liu Q, Ho CH, Kuang BY, Wu C, Hallquist M, Tong R, Yu JZ. Field observations of C 2 and C 3 organosulfates and insights into their formation mechanisms at a suburban site in Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166851. [PMID: 37673264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates (OSs) are formed from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their oxidation products in the presence of sulfate particles. While OSs represent an important component in secondary organic aerosol, the knowledge of their formation driving force, mechanisms, and environmental impact remain inadequately understood. In this study, we report ambient observations of C2-3 oxygenated VOCs derived OSs (C2-3 OSs) at a suburban location of Hong Kong during autumn 2016. The C2-3 OSs, including glycolaldehyde sulfate (GS), hydroxyacetone sulfate (HAS), glycolic acid sulfate (GAS), and lactic acid sulfate (LAS), were quantified/semi-quantified using offline liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of aerosol filter samples. The average sum concentration of C2-3 OSs was 36 ng/m3. Correlation analysis revealed that sulfate, surface area, and liquid water content were important factors influencing C2-3 OS formation. Online measurement with an iodide High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical-Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) coupled with the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) was also conducted to monitor C2-3 OSs, and their potential oxygenated VOC precursors in both gas- and particle-phase, and aerosol acidity tracer simultaneously. Our measurements support that glycolaldehyde/glyoxal, hydroxyacetone, glycolic acid/glyoxal, and lactic acid/methylglyoxal are likely precursors for GS, HAS, GAS, and LAS, respectively. Additionally, we found strong correlation between C2-3 OSs and H3S2O8-, a marker for aerosol acidity, providing field observational evidence for acid-catalyzed formation of small OSs. Based on both online and offline measurements, acid-catalyzed formation mechanisms in particle/aqueous phase are proposed. Specifically, the unique structure of adjacent carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in the C2-3 oxygenated VOC precursors can facilitate the formation of (1) a five-member ring intermediate via intramolecular hydrogen bond to react with sulfur trioxide through heterogenous reaction or (2) cyclic sulfate intermediate via particle-phase reaction with sulfuric acid to generate C2-3 OSs. These proposed mechanisms provide an alternative pathway for the liquid-phase production of C2-3 OSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan, China; Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shumin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Le Breton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Qiong Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qianyun Liu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chin Hung Ho
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Yu Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Li J, Ho SCH, Griffith SM, Huang Y, Cheung RKY, Hallquist M, Hallquist ÅM, Louie PKK, Fung JCH, Lau AKH, Yu JZ. Concurrent measurements of nitrate at urban and suburban sites identify local nitrate formation as a driver for urban episodic PM 2.5 pollution. Sci Total Environ 2023; 897:165351. [PMID: 37422231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) is often among the leading components of urban particulate matter (PM) during PM pollution episodes. However, the factors controlling its prevalence remain inadequately understood. In this work, we analyzed concurrent hourly monitoring data of NO3- in PM2.5 at a pair of urban and suburban locations (28 km apart) in Hong Kong for a period of two months. The concentration gradient in PM2.5 NO3- was 3.0 ± 2.9 (urban) vs. 1.3 ± 0.9 μg m-3 (suburban) while that for its precursors nitrogen oxides (NOx) was 38.1 vs 4.1 ppb. NO3- accounted for 45 % of the difference in PM2.5 between the sites. Both sites were characterized to have more available NH3 than HNO3. Urban nitrate episodes, defined as periods of urban-suburban NO3- difference exceeding 2 μg m-3, constituted 21 % of the total measurement hours, with an hourly NO3- average gradient of 4.2 and a peak value of 23.6 μg m-3. Our comparative analysis, together with 3-D air quality model simulations, indicates that the high NOx levels largely explain the excessive NO3- concentrations in our urban site, with the gas phase HNO3 formation reaction contributing significantly during the daytime and the N2O5 hydrolysis pathway playing a prominent role during nighttime. This study presents a first quantitative analysis that unambiguously shows local formation of NO3- in urban environments as a driver for urban episodic PM2.5 pollution, suggesting effective benefits of lowering urban NOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Simon C H Ho
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Stephen M Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yeqi Huang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rico K Y Cheung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa M Hallquist
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter K K Louie
- Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, 47/F, Revenue Tower, 5 Gloucester Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jimmy C H Fung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
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4
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Tsiligiannis E, Wu R, Lee BH, Salvador CM, Priestley M, Carlsson PTM, Kang S, Novelli A, Vereecken L, Fuchs H, Mayhew AW, Hamilton JF, Edwards PM, Fry JL, Brownwood B, Brown SS, Wild RJ, Bannan TJ, Coe H, Allan J, Surratt JD, Bacak A, Artaxo P, Percival C, Guo S, Hu M, Wang T, Mentel TF, Thornton JA, Hallquist M. A Four Carbon Organonitrate as a Significant Product of Secondary Isoprene Chemistry. Geophys Res Lett 2022; 49:e2021GL097366. [PMID: 35859850 PMCID: PMC9285747 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl097366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of isoprene by nitrate radicals (NO3) or by hydroxyl radicals (OH) under high NOx conditions forms a substantial amount of organonitrates (ONs). ONs impact NOx concentrations and consequently ozone formation while also contributing to secondary organic aerosol. Here we show that the ONs with the chemical formula C4H7NO5 are a significant fraction of isoprene-derived ONs, based on chamber experiments and ambient measurements from different sites around the globe. From chamber experiments we found that C4H7NO5 isomers contribute 5%-17% of all measured ONs formed during nighttime and constitute more than 40% of the measured ONs after further daytime oxidation. In ambient measurements C4H7NO5 isomers usually dominate both nighttime and daytime, implying a long residence time compared to C5 ONs which are removed more rapidly. We propose potential nighttime sources and secondary formation pathways, and test them using a box model with an updated isoprene oxidation scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlInternational Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education (IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Christian Mark Salvador
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Now at Balik Scientist ProgramDepartment of Science and Technology – Philippine Council for IndustryEnergy and Emerging Technology Research and DevelopmentTaguigPhilippines
| | - Michael Priestley
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Philip T. M. Carlsson
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Sungah Kang
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Anna Novelli
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Luc Vereecken
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Alfred W. Mayhew
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Jacqueline F. Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Peter M. Edwards
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of ChemistryReed CollegePortlandORUSA
- Now at Department of Meteorology and Air QualityWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Chemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | - Robert J. Wild
- NOAA Chemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
- Now at Institute for Ion and PhysicsUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas J. Bannan
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Hugh Coe
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - James Allan
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Asan Bacak
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Now at Turkish Accelerator & Radiation LaboratoryAnkara University Institute of Accelerator TechnologiesAtmospheric and Environmental Chemistry LaboratoryGölbaşı CampusAnkaraTurkey
| | - Paul Artaxo
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | | | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlInternational Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education (IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlInternational Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education (IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Thomas F. Mentel
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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5
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Wang H, Guo S, Wu Z, Qiao K, Tang R, Yu Y, Xu W, Zhu W, Zeng L, Huang X, He L, Hallquist M. Secondary organic aerosol formation from straw burning using an oxidation flow reactor. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:249-258. [PMID: 35459490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we use an oxidation flow reactor, Gothenburg: Potential Aerosol Mass (Go: PAM) reactor, to investigate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from wheat straw burning. Biomass burning emissions are exposed to high concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) to simulate processes equivalent to atmospheric oxidation of 0-2.55 days. Primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated, and particles were measured before and after the Go: PAM reactor. The influence of water content (i.e. 5% and 11%) in wheat straw was also explored. Two burning stages, the flaming stage, and non-flaming stages, were identified. Primary particle emission factors (EFs) at a water content of 11% (∼3.89 g/kg-fuel) are significantly higher than those at a water content of 5% (∼2.26 g/kg-fuel) during the flaming stage. However, the water content showed no significant influence at the non-flaming stage. EFs of aromatics at a non-flaming stage (321.8±46.2 mg/kg-fuel) are larger than that at a flaming stage (130.9±37.1 mg/kg-fuel). The OA enhancement ratios increased with the increase in OH exposure at first and decreased with the additional increment of OH exposure. The maximum OA enhancement ratio is ∼12 during the non-flaming stages, which is much higher than ∼ 1.7 during the flaming stages. The mass spectrum of the primary wheat burning organic aerosols closely resembles that of resolved biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA) based on measurements in ambient air. Our results show that large gap (∼60%-90%) still remains to estimate biomass burning SOA if only the oxidation of VOCs were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 10044, China.
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 10044, China.
| | - Kai Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rongzhi Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weizhao Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liwu Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, College of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, College of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, College of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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6
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Peng X, Wang T, Wang W, Ravishankara AR, George C, Xia M, Cai M, Li Q, Salvador CM, Lau C, Lyu X, Poon CN, Mellouki A, Mu Y, Hallquist M, Saiz-Lopez A, Guo H, Herrmann H, Yu C, Dai J, Wang Y, Wang X, Yu A, Leung K, Lee S, Chen J. Photodissociation of particulate nitrate as a source of daytime tropospheric Cl 2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:939. [PMID: 35177585 PMCID: PMC8854671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorine atoms (Cl) are highly reactive and can strongly influence the abundances of climate and air quality-relevant trace gases. Despite extensive research on molecular chlorine (Cl2), a Cl precursor, in the polar atmosphere, its sources in other regions are still poorly understood. Here we report the daytime Cl2 concentrations of up to 1 ppbv observed in a coastal area of Hong Kong, revealing a large daytime source of Cl2 (2.7 pptv s−1 at noon). Field and laboratory experiments indicate that photodissociation of particulate nitrate by sunlight under acidic conditions (pH < 3.0) can activate chloride and account for the observed daytime Cl2 production. The high Cl2 concentrations significantly increased atmospheric oxidation. Given the ubiquitous existence of chloride, nitrate, and acidic aerosols, we propose that nitrate photolysis is a significant daytime chlorine source globally. This so far unaccounted for source of chlorine can have substantial impacts on atmospheric chemistry. This study unravels an important daytime Cl2 source in the extra-polar atmosphere and shows that photolysis of particle nitrate at high acidity produced unprecedented levels of Cl2, boosting the oxidative power and air pollutants like O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Peng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,Department of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,Hangzhou PuYu Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - A R Ravishankara
- Departments of Atmospheric Science and Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, 69626, France
| | - Men Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Min Cai
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS/OSUC, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Qinyi Li
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Christian Mark Salvador
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden.,Balik Scientist Program, Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig, 1630, Philippines
| | - Chiho Lau
- Air Science Group Environmental Protection Department, HKSAR, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaopu Lyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chun Nan Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS/OSUC, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Jianing Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,Environmental Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, 69626, France
| | - Alfred Yu
- Air Science Group Environmental Protection Department, HKSAR, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kenneth Leung
- Air Science Group Environmental Protection Department, HKSAR, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, China
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7
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Zhou L, Salvador CM, Priestley M, Hallquist M, Liu Q, Chan CK, Hallquist ÅM. Emissions and Secondary Formation of Air Pollutants from Modern Heavy-Duty Trucks in Real-World Traffic-Chemical Characteristics Using On-Line Mass Spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:14515-14525. [PMID: 34652131 PMCID: PMC8567417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complying with stricter emissions standards, a new generation of heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) has gradually increased its market share and now accounts for a large percentage of on-road mileage. The potential to improve air quality depends on an actual reduction in both emissions and subsequent formation of secondary pollutants. In this study, the emissions in real-world traffic from Euro VI-compliant HDTs were compared to those from older classes, represented by Euro V, using high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Gas-phase primary emissions of several hundred species were observed for 70 HDTs. Furthermore, the particle phase and secondary pollutant formation (gas and particle phase) were evaluated for a number of HDTs. The reduction in primary emission factors (EFs) was evident (∼90%) and in line with a reduction of 28-97% for the typical regulated pollutants. Secondary production of most gas- and particle-phase compounds, for example, nitric acid, organic acids, and carbonyls, after photochemical aging in an oxidation flow reactor exceeded the primary emissions (EFAged/EFFresh ratio ≥2). Byproducts from urea-selective catalytic reduction systems had both primary and secondary sources. A non-negative matrix factorization analysis highlighted the issue of vehicle maintenance as a remaining concern. However, the adoption of Euro VI has a significant positive effect on emissions in real-world traffic and should be considered in, for example, urban air quality assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- School
of Energy and Environment, City University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christian M. Salvador
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Priestley
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Qianyun Liu
- School
of Energy and Environment, City University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak K. Chan
- School
of Energy and Environment, City University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Åsa M. Hallquist
- IVL
Swedish Environmental Research Institute, 400 14 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Tang Y, Wisthaler A, Eichler P, Müller M, D'Anna B, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Pettersson JBC, Hallquist M, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y. Atmospheric Chemistry of 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: A Theoretical and Experimental Study of the OH-Initiated Degradation under Simulated Atmospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7502-7519. [PMID: 34424704 PMCID: PMC8419843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The OH-initiated
degradation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol [CH3C(NH2)(CH3)CH2OH, AMP] was
investigated in a large atmospheric simulation chamber, employing
time-resolved online high-resolution proton-transfer reaction-time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and chemical analysis of aerosol online
PTR-ToF-MS (CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS) instrumentation, and by theoretical
calculations based on M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ quantum chemistry results
and master equation modeling of the pivotal reaction steps. The quantum
chemistry calculations reproduce the experimental rate coefficient
of the AMP + OH reaction, aligning k(T) = 5.2 × 10–12 × exp (505/T) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 to the experimental value kexp,300K =
2.8 × 10–11 cm3 molecule–1 s–1. The theoretical calculations predict that
the AMP + OH reaction proceeds via hydrogen abstraction from the −CH3 groups (5–10%), −CH2– group,
(>70%) and −NH2 group (5–20%), whereas
hydrogen
abstraction from the −OH group can be disregarded under atmospheric
conditions. A detailed mechanism for atmospheric AMP degradation was
obtained as part of the theoretical study. The photo-oxidation experiments
show 2-amino-2-methylpropanal [CH3C(NH2)(CH3)CHO] as the major gas-phase product and propan-2-imine [(CH3)2C=NH], 2-iminopropanol [(CH3)(CH2OH)C=NH], acetamide [CH3C(O)NH2], formaldehyde (CH2O), and nitramine 2-methyl-2-(nitroamino)-1-propanol
[AMPNO2, CH3C(CH3)(NHNO2)CH2OH] as minor primary products; there is no experimental
evidence of nitrosamine formation. The branching in the initial H
abstraction by OH radicals was derived in analyses of the temporal
gas-phase product profiles to be BCH3/BCH2/BNH2 = 6:70:24. Secondary photo-oxidation products
and products resulting from particle and surface processing of the
primary gas-phase products were also observed and quantified. All
the photo-oxidation experiments were accompanied by extensive particle
formation that was initiated by the reaction of AMP with nitric acid
and that mainly consisted of this salt. Minor amounts of the gas-phase
photo-oxidation products, including AMPNO2, were detected
in the particles by CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS and GC×GC-NCD. Volatility
measurements of laboratory-generated AMP nitrate nanoparticles gave
ΔvapH = 80 ± 16 kJ mol–1 and an estimated vapor pressure of (1.3 ± 0.3)
× 10–5 Pa at 298 K. The atmospheric chemistry
of AMP is evaluated and a validated chemistry model for implementation
in dispersion models is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claus J Nielsen
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yizhen Tang
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Eichler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Naomi J Farren
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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9
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Brownwood B, Turdziladze A, Hohaus T, Wu R, Mentel TF, Carlsson PTM, Tsiligiannis E, Hallquist M, Andres S, Hantschke L, Reimer D, Rohrer F, Tillmann R, Winter B, Liebmann J, Brown SS, Kiendler-Scharr A, Novelli A, Fuchs H, Fry JL. Gas-Particle Partitioning and SOA Yields of Organonitrate Products from NO 3-Initiated Oxidation of Isoprene under Varied Chemical Regimes. ACS Earth Space Chem 2021; 5:785-800. [PMID: 33889791 PMCID: PMC8054245 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl nitrate (AN) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the reaction of nitrate radicals (NO3) with isoprene were observed in the Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction (SAPHIR) chamber during the NO3Isop campaign in August 2018. Based on 15 day-long experiments under various reaction conditions, we conclude that the reaction has a nominally unity molar AN yield (observed range 90 ± 40%) and an SOA mass yield of OA + organic nitrate aerosol of 13-15% (with ∼50 μg m-3 inorganic seed aerosol and 2-5 μg m-3 total organic aerosol). Isoprene (5-25 ppb) and oxidant (typically ∼100 ppb O3 and 5-25 ppb NO2) concentrations and aerosol composition (inorganic and organic coating) were varied while remaining close to ambient conditions, producing similar AN and SOA yields under all regimes. We observe the formation of dinitrates upon oxidation of the second double bond only once the isoprene precursor is fully consumed. We determine the bulk partitioning coefficient for ANs (K p ∼ 10-3 m3 μg-1), indicating an average volatility corresponding to a C5 hydroxy hydroperoxy nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellamy Brownwood
- Chemistry
Department and Environmental Studies Program, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United
States
| | - Avtandil Turdziladze
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hohaus
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Mentel
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Philip T. M. Carlsson
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | | | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Andres
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Luisa Hantschke
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - David Reimer
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Franz Rohrer
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Ralf Tillmann
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Benjamin Winter
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Jonathan Liebmann
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United
States
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Anna Novelli
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Chemistry
Department and Environmental Studies Program, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United
States
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10
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Kong X, Salvador CM, Carlsson S, Pathak R, Davidsson KO, Le Breton M, Gaita SM, Mitra K, Hallquist ÅM, Hallquist M, Pettersson JBC. Molecular characterization and optical properties of primary emissions from a residential wood burning boiler. Sci Total Environ 2021; 754:142143. [PMID: 32898781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modern small-scale biomass burners have been recognized as an important renewable energy source because of the economic and environmental advantages of biomass over fossil fuels. However, the characteristics of their gas and particulate emissions remain incompletely understood, and there is substantial uncertainty concerning their health and climate impacts. Here, we present online measurements conducted during the operation of a residential wood-burning boiler. The measured parameters include gas and particle concentrations, optical absorption and chemical characteristics of gases and particles. Positive matrix factorization was performed to analyze data from a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) equipped with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO). Six factors were identified and interpreted. Three factors were related to the chemical composition of the fuel representing lignin pyrolysis products, cellulose/hemicellulose pyrolysis products, and nitrogen-containing organics, while three factor were related to the physical characteristics of the emitted compounds: volatile compounds, semi-volatile compounds, and filter-derived compounds. An ordinal analysis was performed based on the factor fractions to identify the most influential masses in each factor, and by deconvoluting high-resolution mass spectra fingerprint molecules for each factor were identified. Results from the factor analysis were linked to the optical properties of the emissions, and lignin and cellulose/hemicellulose pyrolysis products appeared to be the most important sources of brown carbon under the tested burning conditions. It is concluded that the emissions from the complex combustion process can be described by a limited set of physically meaningful factors, which will help to rationalize subsequent transformation and tracing of emissions in the atmosphere and associated impacts on health and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Christian Mark Salvador
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ravikant Pathak
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Le Breton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samuel Mwaniki Gaita
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa M Hallquist
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Meng X, Wu Z, Guo S, Wang H, Liu K, Zong T, Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Chen S, Zeng L, Hallquist M, Shuai S, Hu M. Humidity-Dependent Phase State of Gasoline Vehicle Emission-Related Aerosols. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:832-841. [PMID: 33377762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phase states of primarily emitted and secondarily formed aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhausts were investigated by quantifying the particle rebound fraction (f). The rebound behaviors of gasoline vehicle emission-related aerosols varied with engines, fuel types, and photochemical aging time, showing distinguished differences from biogenic secondary organic aerosols. The nonliquid-to-liquid phase transition of primary aerosols emitted from port fuel injection (PFI) and gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles started at a relative humidity (RH) = 50 and 60%, and liquefaction was accomplished at 60 and 70%, respectively. The RH at which f declined to 0.5 decreased from 70 to 65% for the PFI case with 92# fuel, corresponding to the photochemical aging time from 0.37 to 4.62 days. For the GDI case, such RH enhanced from 60 to 65%. Our results can be used to imply the phase state of traffic-related aerosols and further understand their roles in urban atmospheric chemistry. Taking Beijing, China, as an example, traffic-related aerosols were mainly nonliquid during winter with the majority ambient RH below 50%, whereas they were mostly liquid during the morning rush hour of summer, and traffic-related secondary aerosols fluctuated between nonliquid and liquid during the daytime and tended to be liquid at night with increased ambient RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxinyue Meng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kefan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Taomou Zong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuechen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Shijin Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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12
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Wang X, Jacob DJ, Fu X, Wang T, Breton ML, Hallquist M, Liu Z, McDuffie EE, Liao H. Effects of Anthropogenic Chlorine on PM 2.5 and Ozone Air Quality in China. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:9908-9916. [PMID: 32600027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
China has large anthropogenic chlorine emissions from agricultural fires, residential biofuel, waste incineration, coal combustion, and industrial processes. Here we quantify the effects of chlorine on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone air quality across China by using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model with comprehensive anthropogenic emissions and detailed representation of gas-phase and heterogeneous chlorine chemistry. Comparison of the model to observed ClNO2, HCl, and particulate Cl- concentrations shows that reactive chlorine in China is mainly anthropogenic, unlike in other continental regions where it is mostly of marine origin. The model is successful in reproducing observed concentrations and their distributions, lending confidence in the anthropogenic chlorine emission estimates and the resulting chemistry. We find that anthropogenic chlorine emissions increase total inorganic PM2.5 by as much as 3.2 μg m-3 on an annual mean basis through the formation of ammonium chloride, partly compensated by a decrease of nitrate because ClNO2 formation competes with N2O5 hydrolysis. Annual mean MDA8 surface ozone increases by up to 1.9 ppb, mainly from ClNO2 chemistry, while reactivities of volatile organic compounds increase (by up to 48% for ethane). We find that a sufficient representation of chlorine chemistry in air quality models can be obtained from consideration of HCl/Cl- thermodynamics and ClNO2 chemistry, because other more complicated aspects of chlorine chemistry have a relatively minor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel J Jacob
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Le Breton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erin E McDuffie
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Energy, Environment, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Hong Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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13
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Johansson SM, Lovrić J, Kong X, Thomson ES, Hallquist M, Pettersson JBC. Experimental and Computational Study of Molecular Water Interactions with Condensed Nopinone Surfaces Under Atmospherically Relevant Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3652-3661. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M. Johansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josip Lovrić
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik S. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B. C. Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Salvador CM, Bekö G, Weschler CJ, Morrison G, Le Breton M, Hallquist M, Ekberg L, Langer S. Indoor ozone/human chemistry and ventilation strategies. Indoor Air 2019; 29:913-925. [PMID: 31420890 PMCID: PMC6856811 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to better understand and quantify the influence of ventilation strategies on occupant-related indoor air chemistry. The oxidation of human skin oil constituents was studied in a continuously ventilated climate chamber at two air exchange rates (1 h-1 and 3 h-1 ) and two initial ozone mixing ratios (30 and 60 ppb). Additional measurements were performed to investigate the effect of intermittent ventilation ("off" followed by "on"). Soiled t-shirts were used to simulate the presence of occupants. A time-of-flight-chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) in positive mode using protonated water clusters was used to measure the oxygenated reaction products geranyl acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO) and 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA). The measurement data were used in a series of mass balance models accounting for formation and removal processes. Reactions of ozone with squalene occurring on the surface of the t-shirts are mass transport limited; ventilation rate has only a small effect on this surface chemistry. Ozone-squalene reactions on the t-shirts produced gas-phase geranyl acetone, which was subsequently removed almost equally by ventilation and further reaction with ozone. About 70% of gas-phase 6-MHO was produced in surface reactions on the t-shirts, the remainder in secondary gas-phase reactions of ozone with geranyl acetone. 6-MHO was primarily removed by ventilation, while further reaction with ozone was responsible for about a third of its removal. 4-OPA was formed primarily on the surfaces of the shirts (~60%); gas-phase reactions of ozone with geranyl acetone and 6-MHO accounted for ~30% and ~10%, respectively. 4-OPA was removed entirely by ventilation. The results from the intermittent ventilation scenarios showed delayed formation of the reaction products and lower product concentrations compared to continuous ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mark Salvador
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyAtmospheric SciencesUniversity of GöteborgGöteborgSweden
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and EnergyDepartment of Civil EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Charles J. Weschler
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and EnergyDepartment of Civil EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences InstituteRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA
| | - Glenn Morrison
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Michael Le Breton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyAtmospheric SciencesUniversity of GöteborgGöteborgSweden
- Present address:
Volvo Group Trucks and Technology Method and Technical DevelopmentGöteborgSweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyAtmospheric SciencesUniversity of GöteborgGöteborgSweden
| | - Lars Ekberg
- CIT Energy Management ABGöteborgSweden
- Division of Building Services EngineeringDepartment of Architecture and Civil EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGöteborgSweden
| | - Sarka Langer
- Division of Building Services EngineeringDepartment of Architecture and Civil EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGöteborgSweden
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research InstituteGöteborgSweden
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15
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Qiao K, Wu Z, Pei X, Liu Q, Shang D, Zheng J, Du Z, Zhu W, Wu Y, Lou S, Guo S, Chan CK, Pathak RK, Hallquist M, Hu M. Size-resolved effective density of submicron particles during summertime in the rural atmosphere of Beijing, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 73:69-77. [PMID: 30290873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particle density is an important physical property of atmospheric particles. The information on high time-resolution size-resolved particle density is essential for understanding the atmospheric physical and chemical aging processes of aerosols particles. In the present study, a centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) combined with a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) was deployed to determine the size-resolved effective density of 50 to 350nm particles at a rural site of Beijing during summer 2016. The measured particle effective densities decreased with increasing particle sizes and ranged from 1.43 to 1.55g/cm3, on average. The effective particle density distributions were dominated by a mode peaked at around 1.5g/cm3 for 50 to 350nm particles. Extra modes with peaks at 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6g/cm3 for 150, 240, and 350nm particles, which might be freshly emitted soot particles, were observed during intensive primary emissions episodes. The particle effective densities showed a diurnal variation pattern, with higher values during daytime. A case study showed that the effective density of Aitken mode particles during the new particle formation (NPF) event decreased considerably, indicating the significant contribution of organics to new particle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiangyu Pei
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Qianyun Liu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuofei Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ravi Kant Pathak
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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16
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Watne ÅK, Psichoudaki M, Ljungström E, Le Breton M, Hallquist M, Jerksjö M, Fallgren H, Jutterström S, Hallquist ÅM. Fresh and Oxidized Emissions from In-Use Transit Buses Running on Diesel, Biodiesel, and CNG. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:7720-7728. [PMID: 29894174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential effect of changing to a nonfossil fuel vehicle fleet was investigated by measuring primary emissions (by extractive sampling of bus plumes) and secondary mass formation, using a Gothenburg Potential Aerosol Mass (Go:PAM) reactor, from 29 in-use transit buses. Regarding fresh emissions, diesel (DSL) buses without a diesel particulate filter (DPF) emitted the highest median mass of particles, whereas compressed natural gas (CNG) buses emitted the lowest (MdEFPM 514 and 11 mg kgfuel-1, respectively). Rapeseed methyl ester (RME) buses showed smaller MdEFPM and particle sizes than DSL buses. DSL (no DPF) and hybrid-electric RME (RMEHEV) buses exhibited the highest particle numbers (MdEFPN 12 × 1014 # kgfuel-1). RMEHEV buses displayed a significant nucleation mode ( Dp< 20 nm). EFPN of CNG buses spanned the highest to lowest values measured. Low MdEFPN and MdEFPM were observed for a DPF-equipped DSL bus. Secondary particle formation resulting from exhaust aging was generally important for all the buses (79% showed an average EFPM:AGED/EFPM:FRESH ratio >10) and fuel types tested, suggesting an important nonfuel dependent source. The results suggest that the potential for forming secondary mass should be considered in future fuel shifts, since the environmental impact is different when only considering the primary emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ågot K Watne
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Magda Psichoudaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Evert Ljungström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Michael Le Breton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Martin Jerksjö
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute , Box 530 21, SE-400 14 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Henrik Fallgren
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute , Box 530 21, SE-400 14 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Sara Jutterström
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute , Box 530 21, SE-400 14 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Åsa M Hallquist
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute , Box 530 21, SE-400 14 Gothenburg , Sweden
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17
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Wisthaler A, Eichler P, Müller M, D'Anna B, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Pettersson JBC, Hallquist M, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y. Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Reaction of tert-Butylamine with OH Radicals in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4470-4480. [PMID: 29659281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of tert-butylamine (tBA), (CH3)3CNH2, was investigated in a detailed quantum chemistry study and in laboratory experiments at the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Spain. The reaction was found to mainly proceed via hydrogen abstraction from the amino group, which in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x), generates tert-butylnitramine, (CH3)3CNHNO2, and acetone as the main reaction products. Acetone is formed via the reaction of tert-butylnitrosamine, (CH3)3CNHNO, and/or its isomer tert-butylhydroxydiazene, (CH3)3CN═NOH, with OH radicals, which yield nitrous oxide (N2O) and the (CH3)3Ċ radical. The latter is converted to acetone and formaldehyde. Minor predicted and observed reaction products include formaldehyde, 2-methylpropene, acetamide and propan-2-imine. The reaction in the EUPHORE chamber was accompanied by strong particle formation which was induced by an acid-base reaction between photochemically formed nitric acid and the reagent amine. The tert-butylaminium nitrate salt was found to be of low volatility, with a vapor pressure of 5.1 × 10-6 Pa at 298 K. The rate of reaction between tert-butylamine and OH radicals was measured to be 8.4 (±1.7) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 305 ± 2 K and 1015 ± 1 hPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Claus J Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Philipp Eichler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- IRCELYON, CNRS, University of Lyon , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Naomi J Farren
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
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18
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Johansson SM, Kong X, Thomson ES, Hallquist M, Pettersson JBC. The Dynamics and Kinetics of Water Interactions with a Condensed Nopinone Surface. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6614-6619. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M. Johansson
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik S. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B. C. Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Hallquist M, Munthe J, Hu M, Wang T, Chan CK, Gao J, Boman J, Guo S, Hallquist ÅM, Mellqvist J, Moldanova J, Pathak RK, Pettersson JBC, Pleijel H, Simpson D, Thynell M. Photochemical smog in China: scientific challenges and implications for air-quality policies. Natl Sci Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nww080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Munthe
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Johan Boman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Åsa M Hallquist
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Mellqvist
- Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jana Moldanova
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ravi K Pathak
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan BC Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Simpson
- Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Thynell
- School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Mohr C, D'Ambro EL, Lutz A, Riedel TP, Gaston CJ, Iyer S, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Lee BH, Kurten T, Hu WW, Jimenez J, Hallquist M, Thornton JA. Molecular Composition and Volatility of Organic Aerosol in the Southeastern U.S.: Implications for IEPOX Derived SOA. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:2200-9. [PMID: 26811969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements as part of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) during which atmospheric aerosol particles were comprehensively characterized. We present results utilizing a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsol coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). We focus on the volatility and composition of isoprene derived organic aerosol tracers and of the bulk organic aerosol. By utilizing the online volatility and molecular composition information provided by the FIGAERO-CIMS, we show that the vast majority of commonly reported molecular tracers of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is derived from thermal decomposition of accretion products or other low volatility organics having effective saturation vapor concentrations <10(-3) μg m(-3). In addition, while accounting for up to 30% of total submicrometer organic aerosol mass, the IEPOX-derived SOA has a higher volatility than the remaining bulk. That IEPOX-SOA, and more generally bulk organic aerosol in the Southeastern U.S. is comprised of effectively nonvolatile material has important implications for modeling SOA derived from isoprene, and for mechanistic interpretations of molecular tracer measurements. Our results show that partitioning theory performs well for 2-methyltetrols, once accretion product decomposition is taken into account. No significant partitioning delays due to aerosol phase or viscosity are observed, and no partitioning to particle-phase water or other unexplained mechanisms are needed to explain our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Lopez-Hilfiker
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - C Mohr
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - E L D'Ambro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - A Lutz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T P Riedel
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - C J Gaston
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - A Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - J D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - T Kurten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - W W Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - J Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - M Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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21
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Shamjad PM, Tripathi SN, Pathak R, Hallquist M, Arola A, Bergin MH. Contribution of Brown Carbon to Direct Radiative Forcing over the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:10474-81. [PMID: 26237141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a region of known high aerosol loading with substantial amounts of carbonaceous aerosols from a variety of sources, often dominated by biomass burning. Although black carbon has been shown to play an important role in the absorption of solar energy and hence direct radiative forcing (DRF), little is known regarding the influence of light absorbing brown carbon (BrC) on the radiative balance in the region. With this in mind, a study was conducted for a one month period during the winter-spring season of 2013 in Kanpur, India that measured aerosol chemical and physical properties that were used to estimate the sources of carbonaceous aerosols, as well as parameters necessary to estimate direct forcing by aerosols and the contribution of BrC absorption to the atmospheric energy balance. Positive matrix factorization analyses, based on aerosol mass spectrometer measurements, resolved organic carbon into four factors including low-volatile oxygenated organic aerosols, semivolatile oxygenated organic aerosols, biomass burning, and hydrocarbon like organic aerosols. Three-wavelength absorption and scattering coefficient measurements from a Photo Acoustic Soot Spectrometer were used to estimate aerosol optical properties and estimate the relative contribution of BrC to atmospheric absorption. Mean ± standard deviation values of short-wave cloud free clear sky DRF exerted by total aerosols at the top of atmosphere, surface and within the atmospheric column are -6.1 ± 3.2, -31.6 ± 11, and 25.5 ± 10.2 W/m(2), respectively. During days dominated by biomass burning the absorption of solar energy by aerosols within the atmosphere increased by ∼35%, accompanied by a 25% increase in negative surface DRF. DRF at the top of atmosphere during biomass burning days decreased in negative magnitude by several W/m(2) due to enhanced atmospheric absorption by biomass aerosols, including BrC. The contribution of BrC to atmospheric absorption is estimated to range from on average 2.6 W/m(2) for typical ambient conditions to 3.6 W/m(2) during biomass burning days. This suggests that BrC accounts for 10-15% of the total aerosol absorption in the atmosphere, indicating that BrC likely plays an important role in surface and boundary temperature as well as climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Shamjad
- Department of Civil Engineering, and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur, India
| | - S N Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur, India
| | - Ravi Pathak
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Hallquist
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antti Arola
- Finnish Meteorological Institute , P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - M H Bergin
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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22
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Bilde M, Barsanti K, Booth M, Cappa CD, Donahue NM, Emanuelsson EU, McFiggans G, Krieger UK, Marcolli C, Topping D, Ziemann P, Barley M, Clegg S, Dennis-Smither B, Hallquist M, Hallquist ÅM, Khlystov A, Kulmala M, Mogensen D, Percival CJ, Pope F, Reid JP, Ribeiro da Silva MAV, Rosenoern T, Salo K, Soonsin VP, Yli-Juuti T, Prisle NL, Pagels J, Rarey J, Zardini AA, Riipinen I. Saturation Vapor Pressures and Transition Enthalpies of Low-Volatility Organic Molecules of Atmospheric Relevance: From Dicarboxylic Acids to Complex Mixtures. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4115-56. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merete Bilde
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kelley Barsanti
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| | | | | | - Neil M. Donahue
- Centre
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | | | - Ulrich K. Krieger
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Marcolli
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Marcolli Chemistry and Physics Consulting GmbH, 8047 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Ziemann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Simon Clegg
- School
of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mattias Hallquist
- Atmospheric
Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Hallquist
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE-411 33 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrey Khlystov
- Division
of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 89512, United States
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ditte Mogensen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Francis Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - M. A. V. Ribeiro da Silva
- Centro
de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Thomas Rosenoern
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kent Salo
- Maritime
Environment, Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vacharaporn Pia Soonsin
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center
of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Taina Yli-Juuti
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nønne L. Prisle
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Ergonomics & Aerosol Technology, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Juergen Rarey
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- DDBST GmbH, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Industrial
Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro A. Zardini
- European
Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Energy and Transport, Sustainable Transport Unit, I-21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department
of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Romero Lejonthun LSE, Andersson PU, Hallquist M, Thomson ES, Pettersson JBC. Interactions of N2O5 and Related Nitrogen Oxides with Ice Surfaces: Desorption Kinetics and Collision Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13427-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5053826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liza S. E. Romero Lejonthun
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik U. Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik S. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan B. C. Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Emanuelsson EU, Mentel TF, Watne AK, Spindler C, Bohn B, Brauers T, Dorn HP, Hallquist AM, Häseler R, Kiendler-Scharr A, Müller KP, Pleijel H, Rohrer F, Rubach F, Schlosser E, Tillmann R, Hallquist M. Parameterization of thermal properties of aging secondary organic aerosol produced by photo-oxidation of selected terpene mixtures. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:6168-6176. [PMID: 24810838 DOI: 10.1021/es405412p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from biogenic VOCs influences the Earth's radiative balance. We have examined the photo-oxidation and aging of boreal terpene mixtures in the SAPHIR simulation chamber. Changes in thermal properties and chemical composition, deduced from mass spectrometric measurements, were providing information on the aging of biogenic SOA produced under ambient solar conditions. Effects of precursor mixture, concentration, and photochemical oxidation levels (OH exposure) were evaluated. OH exposure was found to be the major driver in the long term photochemical transformations, i.e., reaction times of several hours up to days, of SOA and its thermal properties, whereas the initial concentrations and terpenoid mixtures had only minor influence. The volatility distributions were parametrized using a sigmoidal function to determine TVFR0.5 (the temperature yielding a 50% particle volume fraction remaining) and the steepness of the volatility distribution. TVFR0.5 increased by 0.3±0.1% (ca. 1 K), while the steepness increased by 0.9±0.3% per hour of 1×10(6) cm(-3) OH exposure. Thus, aging reduces volatility and increases homogeneity of the vapor pressure distribution, presumably because highly volatile fractions become increasingly susceptible to gas phase oxidation, while less volatile fractions are less reactive with gas phase OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva U Emanuelsson
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg S-405 30, Sweden
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Emanuelsson EU, Watne ÅK, Lutz A, Ljungström E, Hallquist M. Influence of Humidity, Temperature, and Radicals on the Formation and Thermal Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) from Ozonolysis of β-Pinene. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10346-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva U. Emanuelsson
- Atmospheric Science, Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ågot K. Watne
- Atmospheric Science, Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lutz
- Atmospheric Science, Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Evert Ljungström
- Atmospheric Science, Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Atmospheric Science, Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hallquist ÅM, Fridell E, Westerlund J, Hallquist M. Onboard measurements of nanoparticles from a SCR-equipped marine diesel engine. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:773-780. [PMID: 23163334 DOI: 10.1021/es302712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study nanoparticle emissions have been characterized onboard a ship with focus on number, size, and volatility. Measurements were conducted on one of the ship's four main 12,600 kW medium-speed diesel engines which use low sulfur marine residual fuel and have a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system for NO(X) abatement. The particles were measured after the SCR with an engine exhaust particle sizer spectrometer (EEPS), giving particle number and mass distributions in the size range of 5.6-560 nm. The thermal characteristics of the particles were analyzed using a volatility tandem DMA system (VTDMA). A dilution ratio of 450-520 was used which is similar to the initial real-world dilution. At a stable engine load of 75% of the maximum rated power, and after dilution and cooling of the exhaust gas, there was a bimodal number size distribution, with a major peak at ∼10 nm and a smaller peak at around 30-40 nm. The mass distribution peaked around 20 nm and at 50-60 nm. The emission factor for particle number, EF(PN), for an engine load of 75% in the open-sea was found to be 10.4 ± 1.6 × 10(16) (kg fuel)(-1) and about 50% of the particles by number were found to have a nonvolatile core at 250 °C. Additionally, 20 nm particles consist of ∼40% of nonvolatile material by volume (evaporative temperature 250 °C), while the particles with a particle diameter <10 nm evaporate completely at a temperature of 130-150 °C. Emission factors for NO(X), CO, and CO(2) for an engine load of 75% in the open-sea were determined to 4.06 ± 0.3 g (kg fuel)(-1), 2.15 ± 0.06 g (kg fuel)(-1), and 3.23 ± 0.08 kg (kg fuel)(-1), respectively. This work contributes to an improved understanding of particle emissions from shipping using modern pollution reduction measures such as SCR and fuel with low sulfur content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa M Hallquist
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd., Box 5302, SE-400 14 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Pathak RK, Salo K, Emanuelsson EU, Cai C, Lutz A, Hallquist AM, Hallquist M. Influence of ozone and radical chemistry on limonene organic aerosol production and thermal characteristics. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:11660-11669. [PMID: 22985264 DOI: 10.1021/es301750r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Limonene has a strong tendency to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere and in indoor environments. Initial oxidation occurs mainly via ozone or OH radical chemistry. We studied the effect of O(3) concentrations with or without a OH radical scavenger (2-butanol) on the SOA mass and thermal characteristics using the Gothenburg Flow Reactor for Oxidation Studies at Low Temperatures and a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer. The SOA mass using 15 ppb limonene was strongly dependent on O(3) concentrations and the presence of a scavenger. The SOA volatility in the presence of a scavenger decreased with increasing levels of O(3), whereas without a scavenger, there was no significant change. A chemical kinetic model was developed to simulate the observations using vapor pressure estimates for compounds that potentially contributed to SOA. The model showed that the product distribution was affected by changes in both OH and ozone concentrations, which partly explained the observed changes in volatility, but was strongly dependent on accurate vapor pressure estimation methods. The model-experiment comparison indicated a need to consider organic peroxides as important SOA constituents. The experimental findings could be explained by secondary condensed-phase ozone chemistry, which competes with OH radicals for the oxidation of primary unsaturated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Pathak
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Janhäll S, Molnar P, Hallquist M. Traffic emission factors of ultrafine particles: effects from ambient air. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:2488-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em30235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Salo K, Westerlund J, Andersson PU, Nielsen C, D’Anna B, Hallquist M. Thermal Characterization of Aminium Nitrate Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11671-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204957k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Salo
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Jonathan Westerlund
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Patrik U. Andersson
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Claus Nielsen
- Centre of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, POB 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara D’Anna
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et L’Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Salo
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Patrik U. Andersson
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Jonsson AM, Hallquist M, Ljungström E. Influence of OH scavenger on the water effect on secondary organic aerosol formation from ozonolysis of limonene, Delta3-carene, and alpha-pinene. Environ Sci Technol 2008; 42:5938-5944. [PMID: 18767648 DOI: 10.1021/es702508y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of OH scavengers on how water vapor influences the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in ozonolysis of limonene, Delta3-carene, and alpha-pinene at low concentrations has been investigated by using a laminar flow reactor. Cyclohexane and 2-butanol (3-40 x 10(13) molecules cm(-3)) were used as scavengers and compared to experiments without any scavenger. The reactions were conducted at 298 K and at relative humidities between <10 and 80%. The yield of SOA decreased in the order "no scavenger" > 2-butanol > cyclohexane. The effect of water vapor was similar for 2-butanol and without a scavenger, with an increase in particle number and mass concentration with increasing relative humidity. The water effect for cyclohexane was more complex, depending on the terpene, scavenger concentration, and SOA concentration. The water effect seems to be influenced by the HO2/RO2 ratio. The results are discussed in relation to the currently suggested mechanism for alkene ozonolysis and to atmospheric importance. The results imply that the ozone-initiated oxidation of terpenes needs revision in order to fully account for the role of water in the chemical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa M Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Jonsson AM, Hallquist M, Ljungström E. Impact of humidity on the ozone initiated oxidation of limonene, delta3-carene, and alpha-pinene. Environ Sci Technol 2006; 40:188-94. [PMID: 16433350 DOI: 10.1021/es051163w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of water on the initial secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from gas-phase ozonolysis of limonene, delta3-carene, and alpha-pinene (-3 and approximately 1.5 x 10(11) molecule cm(-3) reacted) has been investigated in a flow reactor at controlled relative humidity (RH), temperature (298 +/- 0.4 K), and reaction time (270 +/- 2 s). Low amounts of terpene converted minimize the impact of secondary reactions. A comparison of the SOA formation from the three terpenes was made for initial rate of reactions being around 7.5 x 10(8) and 15 x 10(8) molecule cm(-3) s(-1). The most efficient species in producing SOA was limonene, while alpha-pinene was the least efficient. The results showed that an enhancement in water vapor concentration (<2-85% RH) caused an increase in both integrated mass (M10-300nm) and total number (N10-300nm). The effect on number and mass were a factor of 2-3 and 4-8, respectively. Physical water up-take can partly explain the increase in mass, but not the observed increase in number. Therefore it was concluded that the increase in water concentration must, by a gas-phase reaction, produce more low volatility product(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa M Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Janhäll S, Hallquist M. A novel method for determination of size resolved, submicrometer particle traffic emission factors. Environ Sci Technol 2005; 39:7609-15. [PMID: 16245834 DOI: 10.1021/es048208y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to determine size-segregated particle number emission factors for traffic is presented. It was proven that using limited data sets (800-2000 samples) statistically significant emission factors from road traffic can be extracted. In this study data from four sites were used for calculating emission factors (rural and urban roadside, urban rooftop, and urban background). The measurements were performed using SMPS/DMPS (scanning or differential particle sizers) from TSI and commercial gas analyzers. Describing the particle concentration as a ratio to an exhaust trace gas, e.g. NOx, the dilution effect will be minimized. This ratio is easily compared among different studies. By knowledge of the emission factor of the chosen trace gas the emission ratio can be converted to an emission factor for particle numbers of defined particle sizes. For the presented method only one measurement site is needed, where the difference between high and low (background) traffic exposure is used. To define high and low traffic exposure, the best result was obtained using high ratio of [NO] to [NO2] and low [NOx], respectively. Emission ratios for 10-100-nm particles at two road sites, one high-speed 90-kmph rural case and one urban, slower, and more congested situation, were determined to (35 +/- 15) x 10(14) and (24 +/- 8) x 10(14) particles per mole NOx, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Janhäll
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Hallquist
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - David J. Stewart
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jacob Baker
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - R. Anthony Cox
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Hallquist M, Petrucci NB, Kreuzer C, Ostanin VP, Anthony Cox R. Use of a surface acoustic wave device for investigation of water adsorption on NaCl. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1039/b003028g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Noda J, Hallquist M, Langer S, Ljungström E. Products from the gas-phase reaction of some unsaturated alcohols with nitrate radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1039/b000251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rowland FS, Blake DR, Larsen BR, Lindskog A, Peterson PJ, Williams WP, Wallington TJ, Pilling MJ, Carslaw N, Creasey DJ, Heard DE, Jacobs P, Lee J, Lewis AC, McQuaid JB, Stockwell WR, Frank H, Sacco P, Cocheo V, Lynge E, Andersen A, Nilsson R, Barlow L, Pukkala E, Nordlinder R, Boffetta P, Grandjean P, Heikkil P, Hürte LG, Jakobsson R, Lundberg I, Moen B, Partanen T, Riise T, Borowiak A, De Saeger E, Schnitzler KG, Gravenhorst G, Jacobi HW, Moelders S, Lammel G, Busch G, Beese FO, Dentener FJ, Feichter J, Fraedrich K, Roelofs GJ, Friedrich R, Reis S, Voehringer F, Simpson D, Moussiopoulos N, Sahm P, Tourlou PM, Salmons R, Papameletiou D, Maqueda JM, Suhr PB, Bell W, Paton-Walsh C, Woods PT, Partridge RH, Slemr J, Slemr F, Schmidbauer N, Ravishankara AR, Jenkin ME, de Leeuw G, van Eijk AM, Flossmann AI, Wobrock W, Mestayer PG, Tranchant B, Ljungström E, Karlsson R, Larsen SE, Roemer M, Builtjes PJ, Koffi B, Koffi EN, De Saeger E, Ro-Poulsen H, Mikkelsen TN, Hummelshøj P, Hovmand MF, Simoneit BR, van der Meulen A, Meyer MB, Berndt T, Böge O, Stratmann F, Cass GR, Harrison RM, Shi JP, Hoffmann T, Warscheid B, Bandur R, Marggraf U, Nigge W, Kamens R, Jang M, Strommen M, Chien CJ, Leach K, Ammann M, Kalberer M, Arens F, Lavanchy V, Gâggeler HW, Baltensperger U, Davies JA, Cox RA, Alonso SG, Pastor RP, Argüello GA, Willner H, Berndt T, Böge O, Bogillo VI, Pokrovskiy VA, Kuraev OV, Gozhyk PF, Bolzacchini E, Bruschi M, Fantucci P, Meinardi S, Orlandi M, Rindone B, Bolzacchini E, Bohn B, Rindone B, Bruschi M, Zetzsch C, Brussol C, Duane M, Larsen B, Carlier P, Kotzias D, Caracena AB, Aznar AM, Ferradás EG, Christensen CS, Skov H, Hummelshøj P, Jensen NO, Lohse C, Cocheo V, Sacco P, Chatzis C, Cocheo V, Sacco P, Boaretto C, Quaglio F, Zaratin L, Pagani D, Cocheo L, Cocheo V, Asnar AM, Baldan A, Ballesta PP, Boaretto C, Caracena AB, Ferradas EG, Gonzalez-Flesca N, Goelen E, Hansen AB, Sacco P, De Saeger E, Skov H, Consonni V, Gramatica P, Santagostino A, Galvani P, Bolzacchini E, Consonni V, Gramatica P, Todeschini R, Dippel G, Reinhardt H, Zellner R, Dämmer K, Bednarek G, Breil M, Zellner R, Febo A, Allegrini I, Giliberti C, Perrino C, Fogg PG, Geiger H, Barnes I, Becker KH, Maurer T, Geyskens F, Bormans R, Lambrechts M, Goelen E, Giese M, Frank H, Glasius M, Hornung P, Jacobsen JK, Klausen HS, Klitgaard KC, Møller CK, Petersen AP, Petersen LS, Wessel S, Hansen TS, Lohse C, Boaretto E, Heinemeier J, Glasius M, Di Bella D, Lahaniati M, Calogirou A, Jensen NR, Hjorth J, Kotzias D, Larsen BR, Gonzalez-Flesca N, Cicolella A, Bates M, Bastin E, Gurbanov MA, Akhmedly KM, Balayev VS, Haselmann KF, Ketola R, Laturnus F, Lauritsen FR, Grøn C, Herrmann H, Ervens B, Reese A, Umschlag T, Wicktor F, Zellner R, Herrmann H, Umschlag T, Müller K, Bolzacchini E, Meinardi S, Rindone B, Jenkin ME, Hayman GD, Jensen NO, Courtney M, Hummelshøj P, Christensen CS, Larsen BR, Johnson MS, Hegelund F, Nelander B, Kirchner F, Klotz B, Barnes I, Sørensen S, Becker KH, Etzkorn T, Platt U, Wirtz K, Martín-Reviejo M, Laturnus F, Martinez E, Cabañas B, Aranda A, Martín P, Salgado S, Rodriguez D, Masclet P, Jaffrezo JL, Hillamo R, Mellouki A, Le Calvé S, Le Bras G, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Wenger J, Sidebottom H, Mingarrol MT, Cosin S, Pastor RP, Alonso SG, Sanz MJ, Bravo I, Gonzalez D, Pérez MA, Mustafaev I, Mammadova S, Noda J, Hallquist M, Langer S, Ljungström E, Nohara K, Kutsuna S, Ibusuki T, Oehme M, Kölliker S, Brombacher S, Merz L, Pastor RP, Alonso SG, Cabezas AQ, Peeters J, Vereecken L, El Yazal J, Pfeffer HU, Breuer L, Platz J, Nielsen OJ, Sehested J, Wallington TJ, Ball JC, Hurley MD, Straccia AM, Schneider WF, Pérez-Casany MP, Nebot-Gil I, Sánchez-Marín J, Putz E, Folberth G, Pfister G, Weissflog L, Elansky NP, Sørensen S, Barnes I, Becker KH, Shao M, Heiden AC, Kley D, Rockel P, Wildt J, Silva GV, Vasconcelos MT, Fernandes EO, Santos AM, Skov H, Hansen A, Løfstrøm P, Lorenzen G, Stabel JR, Wolkoff P, Pedersen T, Strom AB, Skov H, Hertel O, Jensen FP, Hjorth J, Galle B, Wallin S, Theloke J, Libuda HG, Zabel F, Touaty M, Bonsang B, Ullerstam M, Langer S, Ljungström E, Wenger J, Bonard A, Manning M, Nolan S, O'Sullivan N, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Collins E, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Collins E, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Sidebottom H, Chadwick P, O'Leary B, Treacy J, Wolkoff P, Clausen PA, Wilkins CK, Hougaard KS, Nielsen GD, Zilinskis V, Jansons G, Peksens A, Lazdins A, Arinci YV, Erdöl N, Ekinci E, Okutan H, Manlafalioglu I, Bakeas EB, Siskos PA, Viras LG, Smirnioudi VN, Bottenheim JW, Biesenthal T, Gong W, Makar P, Delmas V, Menard T, Tatry V, Moussafir J, Thomas D, Coppalle A, Ellermann T, Hertel O, Skov H, Frohn L, Manscher OH, Friis J, Girgzdiene R, Girgzdys A, Gurevich NA, Gårdfeldt K, Langer S, Hermans C, Vandaele AC, Carleer M, Fally S, Colin R, Bernath PF, Jenouvrier A, Coquart B, Mérienne MF, Hertel O, Frohn L, Skov H, Ellermann T, Huntrieser H, Schlager H, Feigl C, Kemp K, Palmgren F, Kiilsholm S, Rasmussen A, Sørensen JH, Klemm O, Lange H, Larsen RW, Larsen NW, Nicolaisen F, Sørensen GO, Beukes JA, Larsen PB, Jensen SS, Fenger J, de Leeuw G, Kunz G, Cohen L, Schlünzen H, Muller F, Schulz M, Tamm S, Geernaert G, Hertel O, Pedersen B, Geernaert LL, Lund S, Vignati E, Jickells T, Spokes L, Matei C, Jinga OA, Jinga DC, Moliner R, Braekman-Danheux C, Fontana A, Suelves I, Thieman T, Vassilev S, Skov H, Hertel O, Zlatev Z, Brandt J, Bastrup-Birk A, Ellermann T, Frohn L, Vandaele AC, Hermans C, Carleer M, Tsouli A, Colin R, Windsperger AM, Turi K, Dworak O, Zellweger C, Weingartner E, Rüttimann R, Hofer P, Baltensperger U, Ziv A, Iakovleva E, Palmgren F, Berkovicz R, Skov H, Alastuey A, Querol X, Chaves A, Lopez-Soler A, Ruiz C, Andrees JM, Allegrini I, Febo A, Giusto M, Angeloni M, Di Filippo P, D'Innocenzio F, Lepore L, Marconi A, Arshinov MY, Belan BD, Davydov DK, Kovaleskii VK, Plotinov AP, Pokrovskii EV, Sklyadneva TK, Tolmachev GN, Arshinov MY, Belan BD, Sklyadneva TK, Behnke W, Elend M, Krüger U, Zetzsch C, Belan BD, Arshinov MY, Davydov DK, Kovalevskii VK, Plotnikov AP, Pokrovskii EV, Rasskazchikova TM, Sklyadneva TK, Tolmachev GN, Belan BD, Arshinov MY, Simonenkov DV, Tolmachev GN, Bilde M, Aker PM, Börensen C, Kirchner U, Scheer V, Vogt R, Ellermann T, Geernaert LL, Pryor SC, Barthelmie RJ, Feilberg A, Nielsen T, Kamens RM, Freitas MC, Marques AP, Reis MA, Alves LC, Ilyinskikh NN, Ilyinskikh IN, Ilyinskikh EN, Johansen K, Stavnsbjerg P, Gabrielsson P, Bak F, Andersen E, Autrup H, Kamens R, Jang M, Strommen M, Leach K, Kirchner U, Scheer V, Börensen C, Vogt R, Igor K, Svjatoslav G, Anatoliy B, Komov IL, Istchenko AA, Lourenço MG, Mactavish D, Sirois A, Masclet P, Jaffrezo JL, van der Meulen A, Milukaite A, Morkunas V, Jurgutis P, Mikelinskiene A, Nielsen T, Feilberg A, Binderup ML, Pineda M, Palacios JM, Garcia E, Cilleruelo C, Moliner R, Popovitcheva OB, Trukhin ME, Persiantseva NM, Buriko Y, Starik AM, Demirdjian B, Suzanne J, Probst TU, Rietz B, Alfassi ZB, Pokrovskiy VA, Zenobi R, Bogatyr'ov VM, Gun'ko VM, Querol X, Alastuey A, Lopez-Soler A, Mantilla E, Plana F, Artiño B, Rauterberg-Wulff A, Israël GW, Rocha TA, Duarte AC, Röhrl A, Lammel G, Spindler G, Müller K, Herrmann H, Strommen MR, Vignati E, de Leeuw G, Berkowicz R. Abstracts of the 6th FECS Conference 1998 Lectures. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 1998; 5:119-96. [PMID: 19002640 DOI: 10.1007/bf02986409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F S Rowland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
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