1
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Day DA, Fry JL, Kang HG, Krechmer JE, Ayres BR, Keehan NI, Thompson SL, Hu W, Campuzano-Jost P, Schroder JC, Stark H, DeVault MP, Ziemann PJ, Zarzana KJ, Wild RJ, Dubè WP, Brown SS, Jimenez JL. Secondary Organic Aerosol Mass Yields from NO 3 Oxidation of α-Pinene and Δ-Carene: Effect of RO 2 Radical Fate. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7309-7330. [PMID: 36170568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dark chamber experiments were conducted to study the SOA formed from the oxidation of α-pinene and Δ-carene under different peroxy radical (RO2) fate regimes: RO2 + NO3, RO2 + RO2, and RO2 + HO2. SOA mass yields from α-pinene oxidation were <1 to ∼25% and strongly dependent on available OA mass up to ∼100 μg m-3. The strong yield dependence of α-pinene oxidation is driven by absorptive partitioning to OA and not by available surface area for condensation. Yields from Δ-carene + NO3 were consistently higher, ranging from ∼10-50% with some dependence on OA for <25 μg m-3. Explicit kinetic modeling including vapor wall losses was conducted to enable comparisons across VOC precursors and RO2 fate regimes and to determine atmospherically relevant yields. Furthermore, SOA yields were similar for each monoterpene across the nominal RO2 + NO3, RO2 + RO2, or RO2 + HO2 regimes; thus, the volatility basis sets (VBS) constructed were independent of the chemical regime. Elemental O/C ratios of ∼0.4-0.6 and nitrate/organic mass ratios of ∼0.15 were observed in the particle phase for both monoterpenes in all regimes, using aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements. An empirical relationship for estimating particle density using AMS-derived elemental ratios, previously reported in the literature for non-nitrate containing OA, was successfully adapted to organic nitrate-rich SOA. Observations from an NO3- chemical ionization mass spectrometer (NO3-CIMS) suggest that Δ-carene more readily forms low-volatility gas-phase highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) than α-pinene, which primarily forms volatile and semivolatile species, when reacted with NO3, regardless of RO2 regime. The similar Δ-carene SOA yields across regimes, high O/C ratios, and presence of HOMs, suggest that unimolecular and multistep processes such as alkoxy radical isomerization and decomposition may play a role in the formation of SOA from Δ-carene + NO3. The scarcity of peroxide functional groups (on average, 14% of C10 groups carried a peroxide functional group in one test experiment in the RO2 + RO2 regime) appears to rule out a major role for autoxidation and organic peroxide (ROOH, ROOR) formation. The consistently substantially lower SOA yields observed for α-pinene + NO3 suggest such pathways are less available for this precursor. The marked and robust regime-independent difference in SOA yield from two different precursor monoterpenes suggests that in order to accurately model SOA production in forested regions the chemical mechanism must feature some distinction among different monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Juliane L Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Hyun Gu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Jordan E Krechmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin R Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Natalie I Keehan
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Samantha L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jason C Schroder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Harald Stark
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Marla P DeVault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Paul J Ziemann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kyle J Zarzana
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Robert J Wild
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - William P Dubè
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Steven S Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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2
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Tsiligiannis E, Wu R, Lee BH, Salvador CM, Priestley M, Carlsson PTM, Kang S, Novelli A, Vereecken L, Fuchs H, Mayhew AW, Hamilton JF, Edwards PM, Fry JL, Brownwood B, Brown SS, Wild RJ, Bannan TJ, Coe H, Allan J, Surratt JD, Bacak A, Artaxo P, Percival C, Guo S, Hu M, Wang T, Mentel TF, Thornton JA, Hallquist M. A Four Carbon Organonitrate as a Significant Product of Secondary Isoprene Chemistry. Geophys Res Lett 2022; 49:e2021GL097366. [PMID: 35859850 PMCID: PMC9285747 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl097366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of isoprene by nitrate radicals (NO3) or by hydroxyl radicals (OH) under high NOx conditions forms a substantial amount of organonitrates (ONs). ONs impact NOx concentrations and consequently ozone formation while also contributing to secondary organic aerosol. Here we show that the ONs with the chemical formula C4H7NO5 are a significant fraction of isoprene-derived ONs, based on chamber experiments and ambient measurements from different sites around the globe. From chamber experiments we found that C4H7NO5 isomers contribute 5%-17% of all measured ONs formed during nighttime and constitute more than 40% of the measured ONs after further daytime oxidation. In ambient measurements C4H7NO5 isomers usually dominate both nighttime and daytime, implying a long residence time compared to C5 ONs which are removed more rapidly. We propose potential nighttime sources and secondary formation pathways, and test them using a box model with an updated isoprene oxidation scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlInternational Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education (IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Christian Mark Salvador
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Now at Balik Scientist ProgramDepartment of Science and Technology – Philippine Council for IndustryEnergy and Emerging Technology Research and DevelopmentTaguigPhilippines
| | - Michael Priestley
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Philip T. M. Carlsson
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Sungah Kang
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Anna Novelli
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Luc Vereecken
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Alfred W. Mayhew
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Jacqueline F. Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Peter M. Edwards
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of ChemistryReed CollegePortlandORUSA
- Now at Department of Meteorology and Air QualityWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Chemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | - Robert J. Wild
- NOAA Chemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
- Now at Institute for Ion and PhysicsUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas J. Bannan
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Hugh Coe
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - James Allan
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Asan Bacak
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Now at Turkish Accelerator & Radiation LaboratoryAnkara University Institute of Accelerator TechnologiesAtmospheric and Environmental Chemistry LaboratoryGölbaşı CampusAnkaraTurkey
| | - Paul Artaxo
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | | | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlInternational Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education (IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlInternational Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education (IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Thomas F. Mentel
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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3
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Garofalo LA, He Y, Jathar SH, Pierce JR, Fredrickson CD, Palm BB, Thornton JA, Mahrt F, Crescenzo GV, Bertram AK, Draper DC, Fry JL, Orlando J, Zhang X, Farmer DK. Heterogeneous Nucleation Drives Particle Size Segregation in Sequential Ozone and Nitrate Radical Oxidation of Catechol. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:15637-15645. [PMID: 34813317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol formation via condensation of organic vapors onto existing aerosol transforms the chemical composition and size distribution of ambient aerosol, with implications for air quality and Earth's radiative balance. Gas-to-particle conversion is generally thought to occur on a continuum between equilibrium-driven partitioning of semivolatile molecules to the pre-existing mass size distribution and kinetic-driven condensation of low volatility molecules to the pre-existing surface area size distribution. However, we offer experimental evidence in contrast to this framework. When catechol is sequentially oxidized by O3 and NO3 in the presence of (NH4)2SO4 seed particles with a single size mode, we observe a bimodal organic aerosol mass size distribution with two size modes of distinct chemical composition with nitrocatechol from NO3 oxidation preferentially condensing onto the large end of the pre-existing size distribution (∼750 nm). A size-resolved chemistry and microphysics model reproduces the evolution of the two distinct organic aerosol size modes─heterogeneous nucleation to an independent, nitrocatechol-rich aerosol phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Garofalo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yicong He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Shantanu H Jathar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Pierce
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Carley D Fredrickson
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Brett B Palm
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Fabian Mahrt
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe V Crescenzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Danielle C Draper
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Juliane L Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - John Orlando
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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4
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Brownwood B, Turdziladze A, Hohaus T, Wu R, Mentel TF, Carlsson PTM, Tsiligiannis E, Hallquist M, Andres S, Hantschke L, Reimer D, Rohrer F, Tillmann R, Winter B, Liebmann J, Brown SS, Kiendler-Scharr A, Novelli A, Fuchs H, Fry JL. Gas-Particle Partitioning and SOA Yields of Organonitrate Products from NO 3-Initiated Oxidation of Isoprene under Varied Chemical Regimes. ACS Earth Space Chem 2021; 5:785-800. [PMID: 33889791 PMCID: PMC8054245 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl nitrate (AN) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the reaction of nitrate radicals (NO3) with isoprene were observed in the Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction (SAPHIR) chamber during the NO3Isop campaign in August 2018. Based on 15 day-long experiments under various reaction conditions, we conclude that the reaction has a nominally unity molar AN yield (observed range 90 ± 40%) and an SOA mass yield of OA + organic nitrate aerosol of 13-15% (with ∼50 μg m-3 inorganic seed aerosol and 2-5 μg m-3 total organic aerosol). Isoprene (5-25 ppb) and oxidant (typically ∼100 ppb O3 and 5-25 ppb NO2) concentrations and aerosol composition (inorganic and organic coating) were varied while remaining close to ambient conditions, producing similar AN and SOA yields under all regimes. We observe the formation of dinitrates upon oxidation of the second double bond only once the isoprene precursor is fully consumed. We determine the bulk partitioning coefficient for ANs (K p ∼ 10-3 m3 μg-1), indicating an average volatility corresponding to a C5 hydroxy hydroperoxy nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellamy Brownwood
- Chemistry
Department and Environmental Studies Program, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United
States
| | - Avtandil Turdziladze
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hohaus
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Mentel
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Philip T. M. Carlsson
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | | | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Andres
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Luisa Hantschke
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - David Reimer
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Franz Rohrer
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Ralf Tillmann
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Benjamin Winter
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Jonathan Liebmann
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United
States
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Anna Novelli
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institute
for Energy and Climate (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Chemistry
Department and Environmental Studies Program, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, United
States
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5
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Pye HOT, Zuend A, Fry JL, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Capps SL, Appel KW, Foroutan H, Xu L, Ng NL, Goldstein AH. Coupling of organic and inorganic aerosol systems and the effect on gas-particle partitioning in the southeastern US. Atmos Chem Phys 2018; 18:357-370. [PMID: 29963078 PMCID: PMC6020690 DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-357-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Several models were used to describe the partitioning of ammonia, water, and organic compounds between the gas and particle phases for conditions in the southeastern US during summer 2013. Existing equilibrium models and frameworks were found to be sufficient, although additional improvements in terms of estimating pure-species vapor pressures are needed. Thermodynamic model predictions were consistent, to first order, with a molar ratio of ammonium to sulfate of approximately 1.6 to 1.8 (ratio of ammonium to 2× sulfate, RN/2S ≈ 0.8 to 0.9) with approximately 70% of total ammonia and ammonium (NH x ) in the particle. Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Network (SEARCH) gas and aerosol and Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in Ambient air (MARGA) aerosol measurements were consistent with these conditions. CMAQv5.2 regional chemical transport model predictions did not reflect these conditions due to a factor of 3 overestimate of the nonvolatile cations. In addition, gas-phase ammonia was overestimated in the CMAQ model leading to an even lower fraction of total ammonia in the particle. Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) and aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements indicated less ammonium per sulfate than SEARCH and MARGA measurements and were inconsistent with thermodynamic model predictions. Organic compounds were predicted to be present to some extent in the same phase as inorganic constituents, modifying their activity and resulting in a decrease in [H+]air (H+ in μgm-3 air), increase in ammonia partitioning to the gas phase, and increase in pH compared to complete organic vs. inorganic liquid-liquid phase separation. In addition, accounting for nonideal mixing modified the pH such that a fully interactive inorganic-organic system had a pH roughly 0.7 units higher than predicted using traditional methods (pH = 1.5 vs. 0.7). Particle-phase interactions of organic and inorganic compounds were found to increase partitioning towards the particle phase (vs. gas phase) for highly oxygenated (O : C≥0.6) compounds including several isoprene-derived tracers as well as levoglu-cosan but decrease particle-phase partitioning for low O: C, monoterpene-derived species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havala O. T. Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andreas Zuend
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Shannon L. Capps
- Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K. Wyat Appel
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hosein Foroutan
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Nga L. Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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6
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Kurtén T, Møller KH, Nguyen TB, Schwantes RH, Misztal PK, Su L, Wennberg PO, Fry JL, Kjaergaard HG. Alkoxy Radical Bond Scissions Explain the Anomalously Low Secondary Organic Aerosol and Organonitrate Yields From α-Pinene + NO 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2826-2834. [PMID: 28586218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of monoterpenes (C10H16) by nitrate radicals (NO3) constitutes an important source of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and organonitrates. However, knowledge of the mechanisms of their formation is incomplete and differences in yields between similar monoterpenes are poorly understood. In particular, yields of SOA and organonitrates from α-pinene + NO3 are low, while those from Δ3-carene + NO3 are high. Using computational methods, we suggest that bond scission of the nitrooxy alkoxy radicals from Δ3-carene lead to the formation of reactive keto-nitrooxy-alkyl radicals, which retain the nitrooxy moiety and can undergo further reactions to form SOA. By contrast, bond scissions of the nitrooxy alkoxy radicals from α-pinene lead almost exclusively to the formation of the relatively unreactive and volatile product pinonaldehyde (C10H16O2), thereby limiting organonitrate and SOA formation. This hypothesis is supported by laboratory experiments that quantify products of the reaction of α-pinene + NO3 under atmospherically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian H Møller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Tran B Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California - Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rebecca H Schwantes
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Pawel K Misztal
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California - Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Luping Su
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York United States
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Juliane L Fry
- Chemistry Department, Reed College , Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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7
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Ng NL, Brown SS, Archibald AT, Atlas E, Cohen RC, Crowley JN, Day DA, Donahue NM, Fry JL, Fuchs H, Griffin RJ, Guzman MI, Herrmann H, Hodzic A, Iinuma Y, Jimenez JL, Kiendler-Scharr A, Lee BH, Luecken DJ, Mao J, McLaren R, Mutzel A, Osthoff HD, Ouyang B, Picquet-Varrault B, Platt U, Pye HOT, Rudich Y, Schwantes RH, Shiraiwa M, Stutz J, Thornton JA, Tilgner A, Williams BJ, Zaveri RA. Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol. Atmos Chem Phys 2017; 17:2103-2162. [PMID: 30147712 PMCID: PMC6104845 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by the nitrate radical (NO3) represents one of the important interactions between anthropogenic emissions related to combustion and natural emissions from the biosphere. This interaction has been recognized for more than 3 decades, during which time a large body of research has emerged from laboratory, field, and modeling studies. NO3-BVOC reactions influence air quality, climate and visibility through regional and global budgets for reactive nitrogen (particularly organic nitrates), ozone, and organic aerosol. Despite its long history of research and the significance of this topic in atmospheric chemistry, a number of important uncertainties remain. These include an incomplete understanding of the rates, mechanisms, and organic aerosol yields for NO3-BVOC reactions, lack of constraints on the role of heterogeneous oxidative processes associated with the NO3 radical, the difficulty of characterizing the spatial distributions of BVOC and NO3 within the poorly mixed nocturnal atmosphere, and the challenge of constructing appropriate boundary layer schemes and non-photochemical mechanisms for use in state-of-the-art chemical transport and chemistry-climate models. This review is the result of a workshop of the same title held at the Georgia Institute of Technology in June 2015. The first half of the review summarizes the current literature on NO3-BVOC chemistry, with a particular focus on recent advances in instrumentation and models, and in organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry. Building on this current understanding, the second half of the review outlines impacts of NO3-BVOC chemistry on air quality and climate, and suggests critical research needs to better constrain this interaction to improve the predictive capabilities of atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Lee Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Elliot Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John N. Crowley
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alma Hodzic
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah J. Luecken
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Robert McLaren
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anke Mutzel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans D. Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedicte Picquet-Varrault
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques (LISA), CNRS, Universities of Paris-Est Créteil and ì Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Ulrich Platt
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rebecca H. Schwantes
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brent J. Williams
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rahul A. Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Pye HOT, Luecken DJ, Xu L, Boyd CM, Ng NL, Baker KR, Ayres BR, Bash JO, Baumann K, Carter WPL, Edgerton E, Fry JL, Hutzell WT, Schwede DB, Shepson PB. Modeling the Current and Future Roles of Particulate Organic Nitrates in the Southeastern United States. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:14195-203. [PMID: 26544021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrates are an important aerosol constituent in locations where biogenic hydrocarbon emissions mix with anthropogenic NOx sources. While regional and global chemical transport models may include a representation of organic aerosol from monoterpene reactions with nitrate radicals (the primary source of particle-phase organic nitrates in the Southeast United States), secondary organic aerosol (SOA) models can underestimate yields. Furthermore, SOA parametrizations do not explicitly take into account organic nitrate compounds produced in the gas phase. In this work, we developed a coupled gas and aerosol system to describe the formation and subsequent aerosol-phase partitioning of organic nitrates from isoprene and monoterpenes with a focus on the Southeast United States. The concentrations of organic aerosol and gas-phase organic nitrates were improved when particulate organic nitrates were assumed to undergo rapid (τ = 3 h) pseudohydrolysis resulting in nitric acid and nonvolatile secondary organic aerosol. In addition, up to 60% of less oxidized-oxygenated organic aerosol (LO-OOA) could be accounted for via organic nitrate mediated chemistry during the Southern Oxidants and Aerosol Study (SOAS). A 25% reduction in nitrogen oxide (NO + NO2) emissions was predicted to cause a 9% reduction in organic aerosol for June 2013 SOAS conditions at Centreville, Alabama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havala O T Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Deborah J Luecken
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher M Boyd
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nga L Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kirk R Baker
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Benjamin R Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College , Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Jesse O Bash
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Karsten Baumann
- Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - William P L Carter
- College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California at Riverside , Riverside, California 92512, United States
| | - Eric Edgerton
- Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Juliane L Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College , Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - William T Hutzell
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Donna B Schwede
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Paul B Shepson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Fry JL, Draper D, Barsanti K, Smith JN, Ortega J, Winkler PM, Lawler M, Brown SS, Edwards PM, Cohen RC, Lee L. Secondary organic aerosol formation and organic nitrate yield from NO3 oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:11944-53. [PMID: 25229208 PMCID: PMC4204451 DOI: 10.1021/es502204x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields from NO3 oxidation of a series of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), consisting of five monoterpenes and one sesquiterpene (α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ-3-carene, limonene, sabinene, and β-caryophyllene), were investigated in a series of continuous flow experiments in a 10 m(3) indoor Teflon chamber. By making in situ measurements of the nitrate radical and employing a kinetics box model, we generate time-dependent yield curves as a function of reacted BVOC. SOA yields varied dramatically among the different BVOCs, from zero for α-pinene to 38-65% for Δ-3-carene and 86% for β-caryophyllene at mass loading of 10 μg m(-3), suggesting that model mechanisms that treat all NO3 + monoterpene reactions equally will lead to errors in predicted SOA depending on each location's mix of BVOC emissions. In most cases, organonitrate is a dominant component of the aerosol produced, but in the case of α-pinene, little organonitrate and no aerosol is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane L. Fry
- Chemistry
Department, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202-8199, United States
- Tel: 503-517-7951; fax: 503-788-6643; e-mail:
| | - Danielle
C. Draper
- Chemistry
Department, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202-8199, United States
| | - Kelley
C. Barsanti
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - James N. Smith
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000, United States
- Dept.
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, Kuopio, Eastern Finland 80130, Finland
| | - John Ortega
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000, United States
| | - Paul M. Winkler
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000, United States
| | - Michael
J. Lawler
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000, United States
- Dept.
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, Kuopio, Eastern Finland 80130, Finland
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical
Sciences Division, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States
| | - Peter M. Edwards
- Chemical
Sciences Division, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Lance Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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Matthews J, Fry JL, Roehl CM, Wennberg PO, Sinha A. Vibrational overtone initiated unimolecular dissociation of HOCH2OOH and HOCD2OOH: Evidence for mode selective behavior. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:184306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2912063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Fry JL, Matthews J, Lane JR, Roehl CM, Sinha A, Kjaergaard HG, Wennberg PO. OH-Stretch Vibrational Spectroscopy of Hydroxymethyl Hydroperoxide. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7072-9. [PMID: 16737255 DOI: 10.1021/jp0612127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report measurement and analysis of the photodissociation spectrum of hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HOCH(2)OOH) and its partially deuterated analogue, HOCD(2)OOH, in the OH-stretching region. Spectra are obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the 1nu(OH) and 2nu(OH) regions, and by laser induced fluorescence detection of the OH fragment produced from dissociation of HOCH(2)OOH initiated by excitation of the 4nu(OH) and 5nu(OH) overtone regions (action spectroscopy). A one-dimensional local-mode model of each OH chromophore is used with ab initio calculated OH-stretching potential energy and dipole moment curves at the coupled-cluster level of theory. Major features in the observed absorption and photodissociation spectra are explained by our local-mode model. In the 4nu(OH) region, explanation of the photodissocation spectrum requires a nonuniform quantum yield, which is estimated by assuming statistical energy distribution in the excited state. Based on the estimated dissociation threshold, overtone photodissociation is not expected to significantly influence the atmospheric lifetime of hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane L Fry
- Arthur Amos Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, USA
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Abstract
The rotational spectrum of cis-cis HOONO has been studied over a broad range of frequencies, 13-840 GHz, using pulsed beam Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy and room-temperature flow cell submillimeter spectroscopy. The rotational spectrum of the deuterated isotopomer, cis-cis DOONO, has been studied over a subset of this range, 84-640 GHz. Improved spectroscopic constants have been determined for HOONO, and the DOONO spectrum is analyzed for the first time. Weak-field Stark effect measurements in the region of 84-110 GHz have been employed to determine the molecular dipole moments of cis-cis HOONO [mu(a) = 0.542(8) D, mu(b) = 0.918(15) D, mu = 1.07(2) D] and DOONO [mu(a) = 0.517(9) D, mu(b) = 0.930(15) D, mu = 1.06(2) D]. The quadrupole coupling tensor in the principal inertial axis system for the 14N nucleus has been determined to be chi(aa) = 1.4907(25) MHz, chi(bb) = -4.5990(59) MHz, chi(ab) = 3.17(147) MHz, and chi(cc) = 3.1082(59) MHz. Coordinates of the H atom in the center-of-mass frame have been determined with use of the Kraitchman equations, /aH/ = 0.516 A and /bH/ = 1.171 A. The inertial defects of HOONO and DOONO are consistent with a planar equilibrium structure with significant out-of-plane H atom torsional motion. Comparisons of the present results are made to ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane L Fry
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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McCoy AB, Fry JL, Francisco JS, Mollner AK, Okumura M. Role of OH-stretch/torsion coupling and quantum yield effects in the first OH overtone spectrum of cis-cis HOONO. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:104311. [PMID: 15836319 DOI: 10.1063/1.1859273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A joint theoretical and experimental investigation is undertaken to study the effects of OH-stretch/HOON torsion coupling and of quantum yield on the previously reported first overtone action spectrum of cis-cis HOONO (peroxynitrous acid). The minimum energy path along the HOON dihedral angle is computed at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples level with correlation consistent polarized quadruple zeta basis set, at the structure optimized using the triple zeta basis set (CCSD(T)/cc-pVQZ//CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ). The two-dimensional ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces for cis-cis HOONO are calculated as functions of the HOON torsion and OH bond length about the minimum energy path at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ and QCISD/AUG-cc-pVTZ (QCISD-quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitation and AUG-augmented with diffuse functions) level of theory/basis, respectively. The OH-stretch vibration depends strongly on the torsional angle, and the torsional potential possesses a broad shelf at approximately 90 degrees , the cis-perp conformation. The calculated electronic energies and dipoles are fit to simple functional forms and absorption spectra in the region of the OH fundamental and first overtone are calculated from these surfaces. While the experimental and calculated spectra of the OH fundamental band are in good agreement, significant differences in the intensity patterns are observed between the calculated absorption spectrum and the measured action spectrum in the 2nu(OH) region. These differences are attributed to the fact that several of the experimentally accessible states do not have sufficient energy to dissociate to OH+NO(2) and therefore are not detectable in an action spectrum. Scaling of the intensities of transitions to these states, assuming D(0)=82.0 kJ/mol, is shown to produce a spectrum that is in good agreement with the measured action spectrum. Based on this agreement, we assign two of the features in the spectrum to Deltan=0 transitions (where n is the HOON torsion quantum number) that are blue shifted relative to the origin band, while the large peak near 7000 cm(-1) is assigned to a series of Deltan=+1 transitions, with predominant contributions from torsionally excited states with substantial cis-perp character. The direct absorption spectrum of cis-cis HOONO (6300-6850 cm(-1)) is recorded by cavity ringdown spectroscopy in a discharge flow cell. A single band of HOONO is observed at 6370 cm(-1) and is assigned as the origin of the first OH overtone of cis-cis HOONO. These results imply that the origin band is suppressed by over an order of magnitude in the action spectrum, due to a reduced quantum yield. The striking differences between absorption and action spectra are correctly predicted by the calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Fry JL, Nizkorodov SA, Okumura M, Roehl CM, Francisco JS, Wennberg PO. Cis-cis and trans-perp HOONO: Action spectroscopy and isomerization kinetics. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:1432-48. [PMID: 15260688 DOI: 10.1063/1.1760714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The weakly bound HOONO product of the OH+NO2+M reaction is studied using the vibrational predissociation that follows excitation of the first OH overtone (2nu1). We observe formation of both cis-cis and trans-perp conformers of HOONO. The trans-perp HOONO 2nu1 band is observed under thermal (223-238 K) conditions at 6971 cm(-1). We assign the previously published (warmer temperature) HOONO spectrum to the 2nu1 band at 6365 cm(-1) and 2nu1-containing combination bands of the cis-cis conformer of HOONO. The band shape of the trans-perp HOONO spectrum is in excellent agreement with the predicted rotational contour based on previous experimental and theoretical results, but the apparent origin of the cis-cis HOONO spectrum at 6365 cm(-1) is featureless and significantly broader, suggesting more rapid intramolecular vibrational redistribution or predissociation in the latter isomer. The thermally less stable trans-perp HOONO isomerizes rapidly to cis-cis HOONO with an experimentally determined lifetime of 39 ms at 233 K at 13 hPa (in a buffer gas of predominantly Ar). The temperature dependence of the trans-perp HOONO lifetime in the range 223-238 K yields an isomerization barrier of 33+/-12 kJ/mol. New ab initio calculations of the structure and vibrational mode frequencies of the transition state perp-perp HOONO are performed using the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] model, using a correlation consistent polarized triple zeta basis set (cc-pVTZ). The energetics of cis-cis, trans-perp, and perp-perp HOONO are also calculated at this level [CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ] and with a quadruple zeta basis set using the structure determined at the triple zeta basis set [CCSD(T)/cc-pVQZ//CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ]. These calculations predict that the anti form of perp-perp HOONO has an energy of DeltaE0=42.4 kJ/mol above trans-perp HOONO, corresponding to an activation enthalpy of DeltaH298 (double dagger 0)=41.1 kJ/mol. These results are in good agreement with statistical simulations based on a model developed by Golden, Barker, and Lohr. The simulated isomerization rates match the observed decay rates when modeled with a trans-perp to cis-cis HOONO isomerization barrier of 40.8 kJ/mol and a strong collision model. The quantum yield of cis-cis HOONO dissociation to OH and NO2 is also calculated as a function of photon excitation energy in the range 3500-7500 cm(-1), assuming D0=83 kJ/mol. The quantum yield is predicted to vary from 0.15 to 1 over the observed spectrum at 298 K, leading to band intensities in the action spectrum that are highly temperature dependent; however, the observed relative band strengths in the cis-cis HOONO spectrum do not change substantially with temperature over the range 193-273 K. Semiempirical calculations of the oscillator strengths for 2nu1(cis-cis HOONO) and 2nu1(trans-perp HOONO) are performed using (1) a one-dimensional anharmonic model and (2) a Morse oscillator model for the OH stretch, and ab initio dipole moment functions calculated using Becke, Lee, Yang, and Parr density functional theory (B3LYP), Møller-Plesset pertubation theory truncated at the second and third order (MP2 and MP3), and quadratic configuration interaction theory using single and double excitations (QCISD). The QCISD level calculated ratio of 2nu1 oscillator strengths of trans-perp to cis-cis HOONO is 3.7:1. The observed intensities indicate that the concentration of trans-perp HOONO early in the OH+NO2 reaction is significantly greater than predicted by a Boltzmann distribution, consistent with statistical predictions of high initial yields of trans-perp HOONO from the OH+NO2+M reaction. In the atmosphere, trans-perp HOONO will isomerize nearly instantaneously to cis-cis HOONO. Loss of HOONO via photodissociation in the near-IR limits the lifetime of cis-cis HOONO during daylight to less than 45 h, other loss mechanisms will reduce the lifetime further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane L Fry
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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15
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Abstract
The pure rotational spectrum of cis-cis peroxynitrous acid, HOONO, has been observed. Over 220 transitions, sampling states up to J'=67 and Ka'=31, have been fitted with an rms uncertainty of 48.4 kHz. The experimentally determined rotational constants agree well with ab initio values for the cis-cis conformer, a five-membered ring formed by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The small, positive inertial defect Delta=0.075667(60) amu A2 and lack of any observable torsional splittings in the spectrum indicate that cis-cis HOONO exists in a well-defined planar structure at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Drouin
- California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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Fazleev NG, Fry JL, Kuttler KH, Koymen AR, Weiss AH. Annihilation of positrons trapped at the alkali-metal-covered transition-metal surface. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:5351-5363. [PMID: 9981726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fazleev NG, Fry JL, Kaiser JH, Koymen AR, Lee KH, Niedzwiecki TD, Weiss AH. Positron-annihilation-induced Auger-electron-spectroscopy studies of properties of an alkali-metal overlayer on the Cu(100) surface. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:10577-10584. [PMID: 10009883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Shi ZP, Levy PM, Fry JL. Spin polarization of epitaxial Cr on Fe(001) and interlayer magnetic coupling in Fe/Cr multilayered structures. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 69:3678-3681. [PMID: 10046885 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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23
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Korzeniowski A, Fry JL, Orr DE, Fazleev NG. Feynman-Kac path-integral calculation of the ground-state energies of atoms. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 69:893-896. [PMID: 10047062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Jiang C, Fletcher G, Fry JL, Papaconstantopoulos DA. Calculation of the superconducting parameter <I2> for hcp transition metals. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 44:2268-2275. [PMID: 9999778 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Schwartzman K, Fry JL, Zhao YZ. Concentration dependence of the wave vector of the spin-density wave of chromium alloys. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 40:454-460. [PMID: 9990935 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Papaconstantopoulos DA, Fry JL, Brener NE. Ferromagnetism in hexagonal-close-packed elements. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:2526-2528. [PMID: 9948495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fuster G, Brener NE, Callaway J, Fry JL, Zhao YZ, Papaconstantopoulos DA. Magnetism in bcc and fcc manganese. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 38:423-432. [PMID: 9945204 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Fletcher G, Fry JL, Pattnaik PC, Papaconstantopoulos DA, Bacalis NC. Tight-binding study of the electron-phonon interaction in bcc transition metals and alloys. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 37:4944-4949. [PMID: 9943666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.4944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Estreicher S, Ray AK, Fry JL, Marynick DS. Interstitial hydrogen in diamond: A detailed Hartree-Fock analysis. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1986; 34:6071-6079. [PMID: 9940479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.6071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Estreicher S, Ray AK, Fry JL, Marynick DS. Surface effects in cluster calculations of energy profiles of muonium in diamond. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 55:1976-1978. [PMID: 10031977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.55.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
We have evaluated a congenic strain of mice with congenital polycystic kidney disease in which the disease process appears to closely resemble human infantile polycystic kidney disease. Cysts formed first in the proximal tubules of the nephron and appeared, by light microscopy, to be preceded by vacuolization of the cells. These spaces, as seen by electron microscopy, occurred between adjacent cells. The pancreas was severely involved with reduction of both exocrine and endocrine elements. Cyst formation in the liver was minimal. Serum samples evaluated for urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly elevated in affected mice. Serum glucose was within normal limits.
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Hinton CF, Fry JL, Harms RH. Subjective and colorimetric evaluation of the xanthophyll utilization of natural and synthetic pigments in broiler diets. Poult Sci 1973; 52:2169-80. [PMID: 4788988 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0522169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Fry JL. Hastings on hastings. Can Med Assoc J 1972; 107:1163. [PMID: 20312020 PMCID: PMC1941094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Fry JL. National Purchasing Symposium: current trends in the health field--government's viewpoint. Can Hosp 1972; 49:96-7. [PMID: 4624055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rowland LO, Harms RH, Wilson HR, Ross IJ, Fry JL. Breaking strength of chick bones as an indication of dietary calcium and phosphorus adequacy. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1967; 126:399-401. [PMID: 6079911 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-126-32458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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