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Chaghaghazardi M, Kashanian S, Nazari M, Omidfar K, Joseph Y, Rahimi P. Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots fluorescence quenching assay for detection of mercury (II). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122448. [PMID: 36773423 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly toxic and potentially bioaccumulative heavy metal ion that can cause severe health problems in humans even at very low concentrations. Thus, the development of a simple, rapid, and sensitive assay for the effective detection of mercury ions at trace levels is of great importance. Here, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQD) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal treatment of chitosan in the presence of thiourea and citric acid with a quantum yield (QY) up to 33.0 % and used as a selective fluorescent probe to detect mercury ions (Hg2+). The effect of pH, ionic strength, and time on the fluorescence intensity of N,S-CQD were investigated and optimized. The synthesized N,S-CQD showed ultrasensitive ability to detect Hg2+ ions in the water samples, also in the presence of 11 interfering metal ions, with a low detection limit (∼4 nM) over a wide linear range from ∼5-160 nM. The sensing performance of N,S-CQD probe in real sample applications was evaluated by the detection of Hg2+ in lake water samples, which confirmed its potential application in environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Chaghaghazardi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yvonne Joseph
- Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Materials Technology, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; Freiberg Center for Water Research, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Parvaneh Rahimi
- Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Materials Technology, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; Freiberg Center for Water Research, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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Elsebai B, Ghica ME, Abbas MN, Brett CMA. Novel Amperometric Mercury-Selective Sensor Based on Organic Chelator Ionophore. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062809. [PMID: 36985781 PMCID: PMC10053095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel amperometric sensor for the direct determination of toxic mercury ions, Hg2+, based on the organic chelator ionophore N, N di (2-hydroxy-5-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]benzaldehyde) benzene-1,2-diamine (NDBD), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode surface was developed. The parameters influencing sensor performance including the ionophore concentration, the applied potential, and electrolyte pH were optimized. The sensor response to Hg2+ was linear between 1-25 µM with a limit of detection of 60 nM. Interferences from other heavy metal ions were evaluated and the sensor showed excellent selectivity towards Hg2+. The method was successfully applied to the determination of mercury ions in milk and water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant Elsebai
- Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental and Climate Changes Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Emilia Ghica
- Department of Chemistry, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CIEPQPF, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammed Nooredeen Abbas
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Christopher M A Brett
- Department of Chemistry, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Nam NN, Do HDK, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Recent Progress in Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Food Monitoring. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4116. [PMID: 36500739 PMCID: PMC9740597 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the food supply chain, including production, storage, and distribution, food can be contaminated by harmful chemicals and microorganisms, resulting in a severe threat to human health. In recent years, the rapid advancement and development of nanotechnology proposed revolutionary solutions to solve several problems in scientific and industrial areas, including food monitoring. Nanotechnology can be incorporated into chemical and biological sensors to improve analytical performance, such as response time, sensitivity, selectivity, reliability, and accuracy. Based on the characteristics of the contaminants and the detection methods, nanotechnology can be applied in different ways in order to improve conventional techniques. Nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosheets, nanocomposites, nanotubes, and nanowires provide various functions for the immobilization and labeling of contaminants in electrochemical and optical detection. This review summarizes the recent advances in nanotechnology for detecting chemical and biological contaminations in the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Nam
- Biotechnology Center, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ward 13, District 04, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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An Efficient and Highly Sensitive Amperometric Quercetin Sensor Based on a Lotus Flower Like SeO2-Decorated rGO Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Ion imprinted-carbon paste electrode as electrochemical sensor for ultra-trace recognizing speciation of mercury. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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El-Raheem HA, Hassan RYA, Khaled R, Farghali A, El-Sherbiny IM. New sensing platform of poly(ester-urethane)urea doped with gold nanoparticles for rapid detection of mercury ions in fish tissue. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31845-31854. [PMID: 35496891 PMCID: PMC9041571 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor has been fabricated based on the in situ synthesis of poly(ester-urethane) urea (PUU) doped with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and the obtained composite materials (PUU/AuNPs) were used as a new sensing platform for highly sensitive and selective detection of mercury(II) ions in fish tissue. PUU was synthesized and fully characterized by XRD, TGA, DSC, and FTIR to analyze the chemical structure, thermal stability, and morphological properties. As a polymeric structure, the PUU consists of urethane and urea groups that possess pronounced binding abilities to Hg2+ ions. SEM-EDX was carried out to confirm this kind of interaction. Using ferricyanide as the redox probe, PUU alone exhibited weak electrochemical signals due to its low electrical conductivity. Therefore, a new series of nanocomposites of PUU with different nanostructured materials were applied, and their electrochemical performances were evaluated. Among these materials, the PUU/AuNP-modified electrode showed high voltammetric signals towards Hg2+. Consequently, the parameters affecting the performance of the assay, such as electrode composition, scan rate, and sensing time, as well as the effect of electrolyte and pH were studied and optimized. The sensor showed a linear range of 5 ng mL-1 to 155 ng mL-1 with the regression coefficient R 2 = 0.986, while the calculated values of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.235 ng mL-1 and 0.710 ng mL-1, respectively. In terms of cross reactivity testing, the sensor exhibited a high selectivity against heavy metals which are commonly determined in seafood (Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+, Cr3+, Mg2+, and Cu2+). For real applications, total Hg2+ ions in fish tissue were determined with very high recovery and no prior complicated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Abd El-Raheem
- Center of Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology October Gardens, 6th of October City 12578 Giza Egypt
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Center of Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology October Gardens, 6th of October City 12578 Giza Egypt
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC) Dokki 12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Rehab Khaled
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Center of Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology October Gardens, 6th of October City 12578 Giza Egypt
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Koshki MS, Baghayeri M, Fayazi M. Application of sepiolite/FeS2 nanocomposite for highly selective detection of mercury(II) based on stripping voltammetric analysis. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
The anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was investigated to determine total mercury in solid samples using a gold electrode. The mercury was deposited on the gold electrode in a preconcentration step. The oxidation peak of mercury was irreversible. The optimal conditions of the procedure were found to be as follows: 0.05 mol L−1 HCl solution, deposition potential −0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl/KCls, deposition time 40 s, and sweep rate 0.04 V s−1. Under the optimal conditions, the peak current showed a linear dependence on Hg2+ concentration in the range from 0.01 to 0.1 mg l−1. The detection limit and quantification limit were 4.28 µg L−1 and 12.98 µg L−1, respectively. The mean recovery and relative standard deviation were 91.2% and 2.4% (n = 9). The procedure was successfully applied for determining total mercury in samples collected from Hanoi light bulb warehouse—The Rang Dong Light Source and Vacuum Flask JSC. The results were compared with cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS).
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González-Fuentes FJ, Molina GA, Silva R, López-Miranda JL, Esparza R, Hernandez-Martinez AR, Estevez M. Developing a CNT-SPE Sensing Platform Based on Green Synthesized AuNPs, Using Sargassum sp. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6108. [PMID: 33121053 PMCID: PMC7662439 DOI: 10.3390/s20216108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Detection and quantification of diverse analytes such as molecules, cells receptor and even particles and nanoparticles, play an important role in biomedical research, particularly in electrochemical sensing platform technologies. In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared by green synthesis from Sargassum sp. were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential (ζ) obtaining organic capped face-centered cubic 80-100 nm AuNPs with an excellent stability in a wide range of pH. The AuNPs were used to modify a carbon nanotubes-screen printed electrode (CNT-SPE), through the drop-casting method, to assemble a novel portable electrochemical sensing platform for glucose, using a novel combination of components, which together have not been employed. The ability to sense and measure glucose was demonstrated, and its electrochemical fundamentals was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) to glucose were 50 μM and 98 μM, respectively, and these were compared to those of other sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny J. González-Fuentes
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (F.J.G.-F.); (J.L.L.-M.); (R.E.); (A.R.H.-M.)
| | - Gustavo A. Molina
- Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Rodolfo Silva
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio 17, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico;
| | - José Luis López-Miranda
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (F.J.G.-F.); (J.L.L.-M.); (R.E.); (A.R.H.-M.)
| | - Rodrigo Esparza
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (F.J.G.-F.); (J.L.L.-M.); (R.E.); (A.R.H.-M.)
| | - Angel R. Hernandez-Martinez
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (F.J.G.-F.); (J.L.L.-M.); (R.E.); (A.R.H.-M.)
| | - Miriam Estevez
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (F.J.G.-F.); (J.L.L.-M.); (R.E.); (A.R.H.-M.)
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High Performance Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Doped Ion Imprinted Polypyrrole for the Selective Electrosensing of Mercury II Ions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10197010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic, ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) was prepared by electropolymerization of pyrrole at the surface of gold electrodes decorated with vertically grown ZnO nanorods. The vertical growth of the nanorods was achieved via an ultrathin aryl monolayer grafted by reduction of diazonium salt precursor. Pyrrole was polymerized in the presence of L-cysteine as chelating agent and Hg2+ (template). Hg2+-imprinted polypyrrole (PPy) was also prepared on a bare gold electrode in order to compare the two methods of sensor design (Au-ZnO-IIP vs. Au-IIP). Non-imprinted PPy was prepared in the same conditions but in the absence of any Hg2+ template. The strategy combining diazonium salt modification and ZnO nanorod decoration of gold electrodes permitted us to increase considerably the specific surface area and thus improve the sensor performance. The limit of detection (LOD) of the designed sensor was ~1 pM, the lowest value ever reported in the literature for gold electrode sensors. The dissociation constants between PPy and Hg2+ were estimated at [Kd1 = (7.89 ± 3.63) mM and Kd2 = (38.10 ± 9.22) pM]. The sensitivity of the designed sensor was found to be 0.692 ± 0.034 μA.pM-1. The Au-ZnO-IIP was found to be highly selective towards Hg2+ compared to cadmium, lead and copper ions. This sensor design strategy could open up new horizons in monitoring toxic heavy metal ions in water and therefore contribute to enhancing environmental quality.
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Mohamed Azharudeen A, Karthiga R, Rajarajan M, Suganthi A. Selective enhancement of non-enzymatic glucose sensor by used PVP modified on α-MoO3 nanomaterials. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Environmentally benign production of cupric oxide nanoparticles and various utilizations of their polymeric hybrids in different technologies. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Karthika A, Nikhil S, Suganthi A, Rajarajan M. A facile sonochemical approach based on graphene carbon nitride doped silver molybdate immobilized nafion for selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of chromium (VI) in real sample. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Novel advanced nanomaterial based on ferrous metal–organic framework and its application as chemosensors for mercury in environmental and biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3153-3165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ultrasensitive determination of mercury ions using a glassy carbon electrode modified with nanocomposites consisting of conductive polymer and amino-functionalized graphene quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:210. [PMID: 32152671 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot method based on cyclic voltammetric scan was used to fabricate a glassy carbon electrode modified with nanocomposites consisting of poly(thionine) and amino-functionalized graphene quantum dots (afGQDs). Under near-neutral conditions, the dye polymer was effectively oxidized by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) that were derived from the copper-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction, and the cathodic peak current on the modified electrode greatly increased. The reaction of Cu2+ with thiourea (TU) and the generation of a complex, CuTU2+, led to the decrease of Cu2+/Cu+ species, which inhibited the Fenton-like reaction and reduced the electrochemical response change. Due to a displacement reaction, the addition of Hg2+ into the H2O2-Cu2+-TU system resulted in the release of cuprous ions that benefited the Fenton-like reaction. Under the following optimal conditions: 6 mg mL-1 afGQDs and the 25-cycle potential cycling for the fabrication of the modified electrode, pH 6.5, and the [Formula: see text] ratio of 1.0, the increasing extent of the cathodic peak current exhibited a good linear response to the logarithm of the Hg2+ concentration in the range of 1 pM-1 μM with a detection limit of 0.6 pM. Mercury ions in a water sample were determined with good recovery, ranging from 97 to 103%. The investigation on the uptake of Hg2+ into human vascular endothelial cells, HUVEC, shows that the cells incubated in the high-concentration glucose medium absorbed more mercury ions than HUVEC incubated in the normal medium. As a result, Hg2+ could lead to the greater damage to the former. Graphical abstract.
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Cairós C, González-Sálamo J, Hernández-Borges J. The current binomial Sonochemistry-Analytical Chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Karthika A, Ramasamy Raja V, Karuppasamy P, Suganthi A, Rajarajan M. A novel electrochemical sensor for determination of hydroquinone in water using FeWO4/SnO2 nanocomposite immobilized modified glassy carbon electrode. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Dakshayini B, Reddy KR, Mishra A, Shetti NP, Malode SJ, Basu S, Naveen S, Raghu AV. Role of conducting polymer and metal oxide-based hybrids for applications in ampereometric sensors and biosensors. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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