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Bodur SE, Ayan GN, Bodur S, Günkara ÖT, Bakırdere S. Determination of phenytoin at trace levels in domestic wastewater and synthetic urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after its preconcentration by simple liquid-phase microextraction. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:454. [PMID: 38622372 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a sensitive and accurate analytical method for the determination of phenytoin at trace levels in domestic wastewater and synthetic urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after the metal sieve-linked double syringe liquid-phase microextraction (MSLDS-LPME) method. A metal sieve was produced in our laboratory in order to disperse water-immiscible extraction solvents into aqueous media. Univariate optimization studies for the selection of proper extraction solvent, extraction solvent volume, mixing cycle, and initial sample volume were carried out. Under the optimum MSLDS-LPME conditions, mass-based dynamic range, limit of quantitation (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), and percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) for the lowest concentration in calibration plot were figured out to be 100.5-10964.2 μg kg-1, 150.6 μg kg-1, 45.2 μg kg-1, and 9.4%, respectively. Detection power was improved as 187.7-folds by the developed MSLDS-LPME-GC-MS system while enhancement in calibration sensitivity was recorded as 188.0-folds. In the final step of this study, the accuracy and applicability of the proposed system were tested by matrix matching calibration strategy. Percent recovery results for domestic wastewater and synthetic urine samples were calculated as 95.6-110.3% and 91.7-106.6%, respectively. These results proved the accuracy and applicability of the proposed preconcentration method, and the obtained analytical results showed the efficiency of the lab-made metal sieve apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Erarpat Bodur
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Nur Ayan
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Bodur
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, İstinye University, 34010, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, İstinye University, 34010, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ömer Tahir Günkara
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112, Çankaya, 06670, Ankara, Türkiye.
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2
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Zhao YL, You YX, Chen YL, Zhang Y, Du Y, Tang DQ. Fabrication of a surface molecularly imprinted polymer membrane based on a single template and its application in the separation and extraction of phenytoin, phenobarbital and lamotrigine. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8353-8365. [PMID: 38469200 PMCID: PMC10926979 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An innovative molecularly imprinted polymer membrane (MIPM) was prepared with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) as the support, phenytoin (PHT) as the single template, methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linking reagent, azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator, and acetonitrile-dimethylformamide (1 : 1.5, v/v) as the porogen. These materials were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Their adsorption performances were evaluated through a series of experiments including isothermal adsorption, kinetic adsorption, selective adsorption, adsorption-desorption, reusability, and preparation reproducibility. Additionally, the application was explored by investigating the extraction recovery of MIPMs towards PHT, phenobarbital (PHB) and lamotrigine (LTG) in different matrices including methanol, normal saline (NS), phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and plasma. The results showed that MIPMs with rough and porous surfaces were successfully constructed, which offered good preparation reproducibility, reusability and selectivity. The adsorption capacities of MIPMs towards PHT, PHB and LTG were 2.312, 2.485 and 2.303 mg g-1, respectively, while their corresponding imprinting factors were 8.538, 12.122 and 4.562, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium of MIPMs was achieved within 20 min at room temperature without stirring or ultrasonication. The extraction recoveries of MIPMs for PHT, PHB or LTG in methanol, NS and PBS were more than 80% with an RSD% value of less than 3.64. In the case of plasma, the extraction recovery of MIPMs for PHT and PHB was more than 80% with an RSD% value of less than 2.41, while that of MIPMs for LTG was more than 65% with an RSD% value of less than 0.99. All the results indicated that the preparation method for MIPMs was simple, stable, and reliable, and the prepared MIPMs possessed excellent properties to meet the extraction application of PHT, PHB and LTG in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University Suining 221202 China
| | - Yu-Xin You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 Jiangsu Province China +86 516 83263313 +86 516 83263313
| | - Yu-Lang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University Suining 221202 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University Suining 221202 China
| | - Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 Jiangsu Province China +86 516 83263313 +86 516 83263313
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University Suining 221202 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 Jiangsu Province China +86 516 83263313 +86 516 83263313
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, Simas RC, Chaves AR. ELECTROMEMBRANE EXTRACTION (EME): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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4
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Ocaña-González JA, Aranda-Merino N, Pérez-Bernal JL, Ramos-Payán M. Solid supports and supported liquid membranes for different liquid phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction configurations. A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463825. [PMID: 36731330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and electromembrane microextraction (EME) can be considered as two of the most popular techniques in sample treatment today. Both techniques can be configurated as membrane-assisted techniques to carry out the extraction. These supports provide the required geometry and stability on the contact surface between two phases (donor and acceptor) and improve the reproducibility of sample treatment techniques. These solid support pore space, once is filled with organic solvents, act as a selective barrier acting as a supported liquid membrane (SLM). The SLM nature is a fundamental parameter, and its selection is critical to carry out successful extractions. There are numerous SLMs that have been successfully employed in a wide variety of application fields. The latter is due to the specificity of the selected organic solvents, which allows the extraction of compounds of a very different nature. In the last decade, solid supports and SLM have evolved towards "green" and environmentally friendly materials and solvents. In this review, solid supports implemented in LPME and EME will be discussed and summarized, as well as their applications. Moreover, the advances and modifications of the solid supports and the SLMs to improve the extraction efficiencies, recoveries and enrichment factors are discussed. Hollow fiber and flat membranes, including microfluidic systems, will be considered depending on the technique, configuration, or device used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Ocaña-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Noemí Aranda-Merino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Pérez-Bernal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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5
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Silva M, Mendiguchía C, Moreno C. Analytical Performance of Electromembranes as a Tool for Nanoconcentrations of Silver in Waters. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:11. [PMID: 36676818 PMCID: PMC9867316 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electromembranes increase the efficiency of metal transport in liquid-phase microextraction systems by applying an electric potential, which accelerates the transport. Nevertheless, to get high extraction percentages in short extraction times it is necessary to take into account a great variety of factors, and multivariate optimization techniques are the best alternative to determine the most influential variables and to optimize the extraction process. In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to determine the most influential variables in the extraction of silver by electromembranes. Thus, the effect of tri-isobutylphosphine sulphide (Cyanex 471x) concentration in the organic solution, sodium thiosulphate concentration in the acceptor solution, nitrate concentration in the sample solution, extraction time, stirring rate and electric potential on the enrichment factor were studied. Once the most important variables were selected, a small composite design (Draper-Lin) was used to obtain their optimal values to maximize the enrichment factor. Under these conditions, an experimental enrichment factor of 49.91 ± 3.95 was achieved after 22 min. Finally, the effect of saline matrix on the enrichment factor was tested and the optimized system was successfully applied to analyse silver concentrations at ultratrace levels, within the range of 7-29 ng·L-1 in different real seawater samples.
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Nabizadeh H, Mohammadi A, Dolatabadi R, Nojavan S, Vahabizad F. Sensitive determination of ethosuximide in human fluids by electromembrane extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet spectroscopy. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nabizadeh
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Roshanak Dolatabadi
- Food and Drug Administration Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin Tehran Iran
| | - Fahimeh Vahabizad
- Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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7
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Dolatabadi R, Mohammadi A, Walker RB. A novel 3D printed device with conductive elements for electromembrane extraction combined with HPLC and UV detector. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3187-3196. [PMID: 35762108 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper is focused on proposing for a new design and setup for electromembrane extraction. A new cap was designed and conductive vials of different shape were fabricated using three-dimensional printing. The new cap holds three fibers to enhance electromembrane extraction recovery. Conductive vials can simultaneously perform as electrodes therefore, there is no need to include an electrode in sample solutions. Phenobarbital and phenytoin were used as model compounds to assess the setup performance. Under optimal conditions, these analytes were extracted from the sample solution at pH = 9 to the acceptor solution at pH = 13 with a voltage of 40 V for 20 min, while 1-octanol was employed as the supported-liquid-membrane. The influence of conductive vials geometry on the recovery was examined and effects of different shapes were studied by performing numerical simulation to establish electric potential distribution. Of the vials tested with circular, triangular and floral-like cross-sections the latter exhibited the best voltage distribution. The circular vial had the highest recovery attributed to its better hydrodynamic shape, which allows rapid fluid sample transport and therefore enhanced system recovery. The extraction recovery and RSD of circular vial with three fibers was 33.0 and 7.6 for phenobarbital and 42.2 and 10.4 for phenytoin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Dolatabadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roderick B Walker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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9
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Hoseininezhad-Namin MS, Rahimpour E, Ozkan SA, Jouyban A. An overview on nanostructure-modified supported liquid membranes for the electromembrane extraction method. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:212-221. [PMID: 34988579 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01833g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME) is an extraction method on the micro scale, in which charged compounds are extracted from a donor phase (sample solution) into an acceptor phase via a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing a water-immiscible organic solvent. To enhance the extraction efficiency and selectivity in this method, some studies have focused on the modification of the SLM, and thus many strategies have been reported for this purpose. One of these techniques is the introduction of nanomaterials in the SLM structure, which can enhance the extraction efficiency. In the current study, the different nanostructures used for SLM modification in the EME method are reviewed. Furthermore, the related analytical parameters of the developed techniques are classified and tabulated. It is hoped that this review will motivate further research in this field using other nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Saleh Hoseininezhad-Namin
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sibel Aysil Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO BOX: 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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10
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Eie LV, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen FA. Electromembrane extraction of polar substances - Status and perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114407. [PMID: 34634529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the scientific literature on electromembrane extraction (EME) of polar substances (log P < 2) is reviewed. EME is an extraction technique based on electrokinetic migration of analyte ions from an aqueous sample, across an organic supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution. Because extraction is based on voltage-assisted partitioning, EME is fundamentally suitable for extraction of polar and ionizable substances that are challenging in many other extraction techniques. The article provides an exhaustive overview of papers on EME of polar substances. From this, different strategies to improve the mass transfer of polar substances are reviewed and critically discussed. These strategies include different SLM chemistries, modification of supporting membranes, sorbent additives, aqueous solution chemistry, and voltage/current related strategies. Finally, the future applicability of EME for polar substances is discussed. We expect EME in the coming years to be developed towards both very selective targeted analysis, as well as untargeted analysis of polar substances in biomedical applications such as metabolomics and peptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vårdal Eie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Dolatabadi R, Mohammadi A, Nojavan S, Yaripour S, Tafakhori A, Shirangi M. Electromembrane extraction‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection of phenobarbital and phenytoin in human plasma, saliva, and urine. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Dolatabadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Saeid Yaripour
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Shirangi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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12
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Daryanavard SM, Zolfaghari H, Abdel-Rehim A, Abdel-Rehim M. Recent applications of microextraction sample preparation techniques in biological samples analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5105. [PMID: 33660303 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of biological samples is affected by interfering substances with chemical properties similar to those of the target analytes, such as drugs. Biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, serum, urine and saliva must be properly processed for separation, purification, enrichment and chemical modification to meet the requirements of the analytical instruments. This causes the sample preparation stage to be of undeniable importance in the analysis of such samples through methods such as microextraction techniques. The scope of this review will cover a comprehensive summary of available literature data on microextraction techniques playing a key role for analytical purposes, methods of their implementation in common biological samples, and finally, the most recent examples of application of microextraction techniques in preconcentration of analytes from urine, blood and saliva samples. The objectives and merits of each microextration technique are carefully described in detail with respect to the nature of the biological samples. This review presents the most recent and innovative work published on microextraction application in common biological samples, mostly focused on original studies reported from 2017 to date. The main sections of this review comprise an introduction to the microextraction techniques supported by recent application studies involving quantitative and qualitative results and summaries of the most significant, recently published applications of microextracion methods in biological samples. This article considers recent applications of several microextraction techniques in the field of sample preparation for biological samples including urine, blood and saliva, with consideration for extraction techniques, sample preparation and instrumental detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hesane Zolfaghari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Abbi Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
- Functional Materials Division, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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