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Barzegar F, Kamankesh M, Mohammadi A. An efficient microchip electromembrane extraction online with high-performance liquid chromatography for the measurement of nicotine in high consumption vegetables. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 39031170 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicotine, a highly addictive substance, is naturally produced in the Solanaceae family of plants, particularly tobacco. The presence of nicotine in plant foods has adverse effects on the lungs, kidneys, heart, and reproductive system. OBJECTIVE A novel three-phase microchip flat electromembrane coupled with online high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to analyze nicotine in tomato, mushroom, eggplant, bell pepper, and red pepper. METHODS The microchip was connected to the HPLC in online mode. All effective variables were optimized to achieve the best extraction response. The use of electric potential and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether -5% di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as a modified supported liquid membrane (SLM) increased the sensitivity and selectivity. RESULTS The optimal extraction voltage, extraction time, and ion balance were 40 V, 10 min and 0, respectively. The dynamic linear range was 0.5-1000 ng g-1. The obtained recovery, relative standard deviation, and enrichment factor were 98%, 7%, and 35, respectively. The limits of detection 0.4 ng g-1 and the limits of quantification were obtained 1.3 ng g-1. The highest (105.0 ng g-1) and lowest (3.4 ng g-1) concentrations of nicotine were obtained for eggplant and tomato, respectively. CONCLUSION Selective electromembrane extraction of nicotine from the donor phase to the acceptor phase was performed by optimizing the main variables influencing the method mechanism. The new channel design in this analytical system and online injection increased efficiency, stability, and repeatability. The results revealed that this method is capable for the efficient determination of trace amount of nicotine in edible vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kamankesh
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alawadi M, Fakhari AR, Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S. Dextrin-assisted gel electromembrane extraction of chiral drugs: Improving the extraction efficiency and investigation of enantioselectivity of extraction. Talanta 2024; 274:126016. [PMID: 38599118 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the use of dextrins (maltodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) to improve the efficiency of the agarose-based gel electromembrane extraction technique for extracting chiral basic drugs (citalopram, hydroxyzine, and cetirizine). Additionally, it examines the enantioselectivity of the extraction process for these drugs. To achieve these, dextrins were incorporated into either the sample solution, the membrane, or the acceptor solution, and then the extraction procedure was performed. Enantiomers were separated and analyzed using a capillary electrophoresis device equipped with a UV detector. The results obtained under the optimal extraction conditions (sample solution pH: 4.0, acceptor solution pH: 2.0, gel membrane pH: 3.0, agarose concentration: 3 % w/v, stirring rate: 1000 rpm, gel thickness: 4.4 mm, extraction voltage: 62.3 V, and extraction time: 32.1 min) indicated that incorporating dextrins into either the sample solution, membrane or the acceptor solution enhances extraction efficiency by 17.3-23.1 %. The most significant increase was observed when hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was added to the acceptor solution. The findings indicated that the inclusion of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in the sample solution resulted in an enantioselective extraction, yielding an enantiomeric excess of 6.42-7.14 %. The proposed method showed a linear range of 5.0-2000 ng/mL for enantiomers of model drugs. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for all enantiomers were found to be < 4.5 ng/mL and <15.0 ng/mL, respectively. Intra- and inter-day RSDs (n = 4) were less than 10.8 %, and the relative errors were less than 3.2 % for all the enantiomers. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to determine concentrations of enantiomers in a urine sample with relative recoveries of 96.8-99.2 %, indicating good reliability of the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Alawadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Fakhari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Barzegar F, Nabizadeh S, Kamankesh M, Ghasemi JB, Mohammadi A. The selective extraction of dietary polyamines from chicken breast using the application of a lab-on-a-chip electromembrane and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2585-2596. [PMID: 38606467 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02172f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Excessive dietary polyamines (PAs), including putrescine (PUT), spermine (SPM), and spermidine (SPD), have become a worldwide concern due to their carcinogenicity and reduced shelf life. A modern miniaturized on-chip electromembrane extraction (EME) has been applied to extract these compounds from chicken breast samples. This method is based fundamentally on ionic compounds' electrostatic attraction, diffusion, and solubility in the acceptor phase. The chemical structure of polyamines enables their efficient extraction using an electric driving force on a microchip device. HCl solution (0.1 mol L-1) was applied as an aqueous acceptor solvent. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was performed after EME to facilitate joining three-phase EME to GC-MS and improve the merit figures. The total ranges of 3.77-7.89 μg g-1, 3.48-7.02 μg g-1, and 0.78-2.20 μg g-1 were acquired as PUT, SPM and SPD concentrations in chicken breast, respectively. The results demonstrate that the level of PAs in fresh chicken breast samples is not concerning, but it may reduce the quality of chicken meat over time. This novel analytical technique has several advantages: high recovery, substantial quickness, remarkable selectivity, and good enrichment factors. This emerging method could be generalized to other studies to analyze different foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Nabizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Kamankesh
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- Chemistry Faculty, School of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Samkumpim T, Alahmad W, Tabani H, Varanusupakul P, Kraiya C. Application of oxygen scavengers in gel electromembrane extraction: A green methodology for simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite in sausage samples. Food Chem 2023; 422:136190. [PMID: 37137238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of oxygen from electrolysis in gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) causes a negative error when applied to the analysis of easily oxidized species such as nitrite. Nitrite in G-EME is oxidized by oxygen to nitrate, leading to the negative error and the impossibility of simultaneous analysis. In this work, the application of oxygen scavengers to the acceptor phase of the G-EME system was attempted to minimize the oxidation effect. Several oxygen scavengers were selected and examined according to their compatibility with ion chromatography. The mixture of sulfite and bisulfite (14 mg L-1) showed the highest efficiency in preventing the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. Under the optimized conditions, a good linear range was obtained (10-200 μg L-1; R2 > 0.998) with a detection limit of 8 µg L-1 for both nitrite and nitrate. This method was applied to the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in sausage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thidarat Samkumpim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waleed Alahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pakorn Varanusupakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Charoenkwan Kraiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, Simas RC, Chaves AR. ELECTROMEMBRANE EXTRACTION (EME): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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6
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Kannouma RE, Hammad MA, Kamal AH, Mansour FR. Miniaturization of Liquid-Liquid extraction; the barriers and the enablers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Rezaie N, Nojavan S, Behpour M. Amylodextrin hydrogel as a green sorbent for pipette-tip micro-solid phase extraction followed by ion mobility spectrometry for analysis of triazole fungicides in environmental water samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Behpour M, Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S. Analysis of methamphetamine, methadone, tramadol, and buprenorphine in biological samples by ion mobility spectrometry after electromembrane extraction in tandem with slug flow microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463355. [PMID: 35908513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel tandem extraction method based on electromembrane extraction (EME) and slug flow microextraction (SFME) was developed for the extraction of some narcotics (methamphetamine, methadone, tramadol, and buprenorphine) from biological samples. The analytes were quantified by corona discharge-ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS). In this method, initially, analytes were extracted using an EME procedure (step-1). After that, the acceptor solution of the first step containing target analytes was applied in an SFME procedure (step-2) as a donor solution for further preconcentration. In the second step, analytes were extracted from an aqueous solution into an organic extractant. The optimum EME and SFME conditions were as follows: type of supported liquid membrane: 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether containing 10% v/v di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, acceptor solution pH: 1.0, sample solution pH: 4.0, voltage: 248 V, extraction time: 17.5 min, tilting number of glass capillary tube: 10 times, type of the organic extractant: toluene, the concentration of NaOH solution: 400 mM. Under optimum extraction conditions, good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.50-750.0 ng/mL with coefficients of determination (r2) ≥ 0.991. The limits of detection and quantification were achieved in the range of 0.15-3.5 ng/mL and 0.50-12.0 ng/mL, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day precisions (n = 3) provided RSDs lower than 12.8% and 12.7%, respectively. Enrichment factors and extraction recoveries of the analytes were in the range of 255.7 to 505.4 and 37.6-78.3%, respectively. Comparing the EME/HPLC-UV with EME-SFME/CD-IMS showed that using the tandem extraction method improved the enrichment factors by more than 2.7 times and limits of detection and quantification by more than 15 times. Finally, this procedure was used to quantify target analytes in plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Behpour
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
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Overview of Different Modes and Applications of Liquid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid phase-based microextraction techniques (LPµETs) have attracted great attention from the scientific community since their invention and implementation mainly due to their high efficiency, low solvent and sample amount, enhanced selectivity and precision, and good reproducibility for a wide range of analytes. This review explores the different possibilities and applications of LPμETs including dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and single-drop microextraction (SDME), highlighting its two main approaches, direct immersion-SDME and headspace-SDME, hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) in its two- and three-phase device modes using the donor–acceptor interactions, and electro membrane extraction (EME). Currently, these LPμETs are used in very different areas of interest, from the environment to food and beverages, pharmaceutical, clinical, and forensic analysis. Several important potential applications of each technique will be reported, highlighting its advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, the use of alternative and efficient “green” extraction solvents including nanostructured supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs)) will be discussed.
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10
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A simulation study of an applied approach to enhance drug recovery through electromembrane extraction. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Li WK, Zhang J, Wang S, Ma ZQ, Feng JT, Pei HW, Liu YM. Simultaneous determination of three herbicide residues in wheat flour based on the hollow fiber supported carbon dots. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Santigosa E, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Giménez-Gómez P, Muñoz M, Ramos-Payán M. A rapid and versatile microfluidic method for the simultaneous extraction of polar and non-polar basic pharmaceuticals from human urine. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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13
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Li WK, Xue YJ, Fu XY, Ma ZQ, Feng JT. Covalent organic framework reinforced hollow fiber for solid-phase microextraction and determination of pesticides in foods. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Goodarzi L, Bayatloo MR, Chalavi S, Nojavan S, Rahmani T, Azimi SB. Selective extraction and determination of Cr(VI) in food samples based on tandem electromembrane extraction followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 373:131442. [PMID: 34715627 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, electromembrane extraction (EME) combined with micro-EME (µ-EME) was used for the selective extraction of Cr(VI) from food samples (milk powder, Ocimum basilicum, and fish samples). Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the quantification of Cr(VI). Under the optimized extraction conditions, the extraction recovery of Cr(VI) was 73.7%. This proposed method provided a linear range from 0.01 to 5.0 ng/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.003 and 0.010 ng/mL. The %RSD (n = 5) was in the range of 11.2-11.8% at 0.05, 1.0 and 2.5 ng/mL of Cr(VI), and the enrichment factor was 584. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analysis of SRM 2700 as a certified reference material (CRM) and result was in good agreement with the certified value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Goodarzi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bayatloo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Soheila Chalavi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Turaj Rahmani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Bahareh Azimi
- Research Group of Environmental Assessment and Risk, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran 1463913116, Iran
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Dowlatshah S, Saraji M, Fernández-Torres R, Ramos-Payán M. A microfluidic liquid phase microextraction method for drugs and parabens monitoring in human urine. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S, Hatami E. Development of electrically assisted solvent bar microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography for the extraction and quantification of basic drugs in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462447. [PMID: 34392124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new extraction procedure is introduced based on electrically assisted solvent bar microextraction. In the first step, the analytes are transferred from sample solution to the hollow fiber supported organic solvent. After that, with the aid of an electrical field, the analytes migrated into the aqueous extractant. The proposed approach was used to extract the three basic drugs (including lidocaine, diltiazem, and propranolol) from the plasma and urine samples. Under the optimized condition, (the supported organic solvent: 1-octanol, stirring rate: 300 rpm, pH of sample solution: 12.0, salt concentration: 2.0% (w/v), extraction time: 15 min, aqueous extractant: (30 µL, 100 mM HCl), back-extraction time: 2 min, back-extraction voltage: 100 V), the proposed procedure presented wide linearities with coefficients of determination more than 0.992 over a concentration range of 5.0-1000 ng mL-1. The limit of detection was also determined in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 ng mL-1, repeatability (intra-day) was between 3.3 and 11.1% (n = 4), and reproducibility (inter-day) was between 4.3 and 14.6% (n = 4 days). It was indicated that the proposed approach could effectively extract the analytes from the plasma and urine samples, and the relative recoveries were between 90.2 and 105.6%, indicating the validity of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Ensieh Hatami
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
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Jouyban A, Farajzadeh MA, Khodadadeian F, Khoubnasabjafari M, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Development of a deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction method for simultaneous extraction of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir from urine samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114254. [PMID: 34256327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction method using a new deep eutectic solvent was proposed for the extraction of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir from urine. The analytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. The deep eutectic solvent was prepared by mixing p-aminophenol with tetrabutyl ammonium chloride. It was used in the extraction procedure as an extraction solvent. The amine group in structure of the prepared deep eutectic solvent led to its various solubility in different pHs. In this method, urine sample was placed in a glass test tube and then mixed with sodium chloride and its temperature adjusted at 50 °C. Then, the deep eutectic solvent was dissolved in the solution by manually shaking. In the following, an ammonia solution was added to the solution and the mixture was sonicated for 4 min. After centrifugation, an aliquat of the sedimented phase was injected into the determination system. Low limits of detection (daclatasvir 1.0 and sofosbuvir 1.3 μg/L) and quantification (daclatasvir 3.3 and sofosbuvir 4.0 μg/L), high enrichment factor (daclatasvir 96 and sofosbuvir 90) and extraction recovery (daclatasvir 96 and sofosbuvir 90 %), and good percision (relative standard deviation ≤9.3 %) were obtained. The introduced method was successfully applied in the determination of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir concentrations in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Jouyban
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Fariba Khodadadeian
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Santigosa E, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Muñoz M, Ramos-Payán M. Green microfluidic liquid-phase microextraction of polar and non-polar acids from urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3717-3723. [PMID: 33884461 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hippuric acid (log P = 0.5), anthranilic acid (log P = 1.3), ketoprofen (log P = 3.6), and naproxen (log P = 3.0) were simultaneously extracted by a green microfluidic device based on the principles of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). Different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were investigated as supported liquid membrane (SLM), and a mixture of camphor and menthol as eutectic solvents in the molar ratio 1:1 was found to be highly efficient for the simultaneous extraction of non-polar and polar acidic drugs. LPME was conducted for 6 min per sample. Urine sample was delivered to the system at 1 μL min-1, and target analytes were extracted exhaustively (75-100% recovery) across the DES SLM, and into pure aqueous phosphate buffer pH 11.0 delivered as acceptor at 1 μL min-1. The acceptor was analyzed with liquid chromatography-UV detection. Interestingly, the DES enabled extraction of both the polar and non-polar model analytes at the same time; all chemicals were green and non-hazardous, and the chemical waste was less than 1 mg per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Santigosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - María Muñoz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S, Alexovič M, Tabani H. Two-phase agarose gel-electromembrane extraction: Effect of organic solvent as an acceptor phase in electroendosmosis flow phenomenon. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113862. [PMID: 33388641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new mode of gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) namely as "Two-phase G-EME", is suggested for the sensitive quantification of five basic drugs (desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, citalopram and clozapine) in biological samples. Compared to classical G-EME which is based on aqueous-gel-aqueous layout, herein, the aqueous acceptor phase (AP) was replaced with organic solvent. Briefly, negative electrode was immersed into the organic AP (with low conductivity) and positive electrode into the aqueous donor phase (DP). Based on our results, this simple adjustment significantly reduced electroendosmosis (EEO) flow phenomenon which is considered as the main issue in G-EME. In the workflow, target analytes were extracted from the 7.0 mL sample, across the fabricated agarose gel membrane, to the 100 μL of the AP under the optimized extraction conditions (organic solvent type: acetonitrile; pH of gel membrane: 5.0, pH of sample solution: 4.0, voltage: 45 V and extraction time: 22 min). Then, the organic AP with analytes was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) instrument with flame-ionization detector (FID). The methodology offered limits of detection (LODs) and recoveries in the range of 1.0-1.5 ng mL-1 and 48.5-89.0 %, respectively. Finally, we note that two-phase G-EME assembly was able to extract analytes-of-interest in the convenient and safe manner from the hazardous and difficult-to-process biological specimens such as human serum and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, SK-04011, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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