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Weber A, Wójtowicz A, Wietecha-Posłuszny R, Lednev IK. Raman Spectroscopy for the Time since Deposition Estimation of a Menstrual Bloodstain. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3262. [PMID: 38894054 PMCID: PMC11174499 DOI: 10.3390/s24113262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Forensic chemistry plays a crucial role in aiding law enforcement investigations by applying analytical techniques for the analysis of evidence. While bloodstains are frequently encountered at crime scenes, distinguishing between peripheral and menstrual bloodstains presents a challenge. This is due to their similar appearance post-drying. Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a promising technique capable of discriminating between the two types of bloodstains, offering invaluable probative information. Moreover, estimating the time since deposition (TSD) of bloodstains aids in crime scene reconstruction and prioritizing what evidence to collect. Despite extensive research focusing on TSD estimations, primarily in peripheral bloodstains, a crucial gap exists in determining the TSD of menstrual bloodstains. This study demonstrates how Raman spectroscopy effectively analyzes biological samples like menstrual blood, showing similar aging patterns to those of peripheral blood and provides proof-of-concept models for determining the TSD of menstrual blood. While this work shows promising results for creating a universal model for bloodstain age determination, further testing with more donors needs to be conducted before the implementation of this method into forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA;
| | - Anna Wójtowicz
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.W.); (R.W.-P.)
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.W.); (R.W.-P.)
| | - Igor K. Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA;
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2
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Cano-Trujillo C, García-Ruiz C, Ortega-Ojeda FE, Romolo F, Montalvo G. Forensic analysis of biological fluid stains on substrates by spectroscopic approaches and chemometrics: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1282:341841. [PMID: 37923402 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bodily fluid stains are one of the most relevant evidence that can be found at the crime scene as it provides a wealth of information to the investigators. They help to report on the individuals involved in the crime, to check alibis, or to determine the type of crime that has been committed. They appear as stains in different types of substrates, some of them porous, which can interfere in the analysis. The spectroscopy techniques combined with chemometrics are showing increasing potential for their use in the analysis of such samples due to them being fast, sensitive, and non-destructive. FINDINGS This is a comprehensive review of the studies that used different spectroscopic techniques followed by chemometrics for analysing biological fluid stains on several surfaces, and under various conditions. It focuses on the bodily fluid stains and the most suitable spectroscopic techniques to study forensic scientific problems such as the substrate's characteristics, the influence of ambient conditions, the aging process of the bodily fluids, the presence of animal bodily fluids and non-biological fluids (interfering substances), and the bodily fluid mixtures. The most widely used techniques were Raman spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR). Nonetheless, other non-destructive techniques have been also used, like near infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI-NIR) or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), among others. This work provides the criteria for the selection of the most promising non-destructive techniques for the effective in situ detection of biological fluid stains at crime scene investigations. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The use of the proper spectroscopic and chemometric approaches on the crime scene is expected to improve the support of forensic sciences to criminal investigations. Evidence may be analysed in a non-destructive manner and kept intact for further analysis. They will also speed up forensic investigations by allowing the selection of relevant samples from occupational ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cano-Trujillo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales, Libreros 27, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales, Libreros 27, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando E Ortega-Ojeda
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales, Libreros 27, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Romolo
- Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza, Via Moroni 255, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gemma Montalvo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales, Libreros 27, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Seki T, Hsiao YY, Ishizawa F, Sugano Y, Takahashi Y. Establishment of a random forest regression model to estimate the age of bloodstains based on temporal colorimetric analysis. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 69:102343. [PMID: 37923590 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Bloodstain age estimation is important in forensic science. Although several studies have used spectroscopy to estimate bloodstain ages, this method has not yet been practically applied due to the need for expensive equipment and low reproducibility. Thus, we aimed to develop a bloodstain age estimation model that can be easily performed using a spectrophotometric colorimeter. First, bloodstains were prepared by placing blood obtained from five healthy volunteers on a plastic plate. The bloodstains were kept on conditions with various brightness and temperatures. Then, each bloodstain was dissolved in saline every 24 h to a final concentration of 1%, measured with a spectrophotometric colorimeter, and subjected to machine learning to generate a random forest regression (RFR) model, and finally, the prediction accuracy of the bloodstain age was verified. We also elucidated the mechanism of the color changes utilizing aminoguanidine, which is an inhibitor of Maillard reaction. Finally, we measured the time-dependent color changes of the blood fluids obtained from healthy volunteers and examined if the method could be potentially applied to estimate postmortem interval (PMI). Our results showed that the RFR model estimated the bloodstain age with no substantial assessment, and it was applicable to bloodstains, regardless of the brightness or temperature. The color changes were affected by the addition of aminoguanidine. Furthermore, the method could be applied to blood fluids, suggesting its potential usefulness for PMI estimation. Considering its feasibility, the present method could potentially be introduced to practical forensic sciences in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Seki
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yi-Yang Hsiao
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fujio Ishizawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sugano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
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4
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Fonseca ACS, Pereira JFQ, Honorato RS, Bro R, Pimentel MF. Classification of bloodstains deposited at different times on floor tiles using hierarchical modelling and a handheld NIR spectrometer. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5459-5465. [PMID: 37728415 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Bloodstains are commonly encountered at crime scenes, especially on floor tiles, and can be deposited over different periods and intervals. Therefore, it is crucial to develop techniques that can accurately identify bloodstains deposited at different times. This study builds upon a previous investigation and aims to enhance the performance of three distinct hierarchical models (HMs) designed to differentiate and identify stains of human blood (HB), animal blood (AB), and common false positives (CFPs) on nine different types of floor tiles. Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogies (SIMCA), and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were employed as decision rules in this process. The originally published model was constructed using a training set that included samples with a known time of deposit of six days. This model was then tested to predict samples with various deposition times, including human blood samples aged for 0, 1, 9, 20, 30, and 162 days, as well as animal blood samples aged for 0, 1, 10, 13, 20, 29, 105, and 176 days. To improve the identification of human blood, the models were modified by adding zero-day and one-day-old bloodstains to the original training set. All models showed improvement when fresher samples were included in the training set. The best results were achieved with the hierarchical model that used partial least squares-discriminant analysis as the second decision rule and incorporated one-day-old samples in the training set. This model yielded sensitivity values above 0.92 and specificity values above 0.7 for samples aged between zero and 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline C S Fonseca
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista An í bal Fernandes , Cidade Universitária, 50.740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - José F Q Pereira
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Av. Gregório Ferraz Nogueira, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | | | - Rasmus Bro
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Fernanda Pimentel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. dos Economistas, Cidade Universitária, s/n, 50.740-590, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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5
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Guleken Z, Ceylan Z, Aday A, Bayrak AG, Hindilerden İY, Nalçacı M, Jakubczyk P, Jakubczyk D, Depciuch J. Application of Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy of machine learning with Support Vector Machine and principal components analysis to detect biochemical changes in dried serum of patients with primary myelofibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130438. [PMID: 37516257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PM) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by stem cell-derived clonal neoplasms. Several factors are involved in diagnosing PM, including physical examination, peripheral blood findings, bone marrow morphology, cytogenetics, and molecular markers. Commonly gene mutations are used. Also, these gene mutations exist in other diseases, such as polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanism and finding disease-related biomarker characteristics only for PM is crucial for the treatment and survival rate. For this purpose, blood samples of PM (n = 85) vs. healthy controls (n = 45) were collected for biochemical analysis, and, for the first time, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy measurement of dried PM and healthy patients' blood serum was analyzed. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) model with optimized hyperparameters was constructed using the grid search (GS) method. Then, the FTIR spectra of the biomolecular components of blood serum from PM patients were compared to those from healthy individuals using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Also, an analysis of the rate of change of FTIR spectra absorption was studied. The results showed that PM patients have higher amounts of phospholipids and proteins and a lower amount of H-O=H vibrations which was visible. The PCA results indicated that it is possible to differentiate between dried blood serum samples collected from PM patients and healthy individuals. The Grid Search Support Vector Machine (GS-SVM) model showed that the prediction accuracy ranged from 0.923 to 1.00 depending on the FTIR range analyzed. Furthermore, it was shown that the ratio between α-helix and β-sheet structures in proteins is 1.5 times higher in PM than in control people. The vibrations associated with the CO bond and the amide III region of proteins showed the highest probability value, indicating that these spectral features were significantly altered in PM patients compared to healthy ones' spectra. The results indicate that the FTIR spectroscope may be used as a technique helpful in PM diagnostics. The study also presents preliminary results from the first prospective clinical validation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zozan Guleken
- Gaziantep University of Islam Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Küçükkızılhisar, 27220 Şahinbey/Gaziantep, Turkey (b)Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszów, Poland; Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Zeynep Ceylan
- Samsun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aynur Aday
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Bayrak
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İpek Yönal Hindilerden
- Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meliha Nalçacı
- Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Dorota Jakubczyk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 12, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, 31342 Krakow, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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6
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Giroux E, Ebralidze II, Stotesbury TE. Elemental and molecular characterization of degrading blood pools. Analyst 2023; 148:4300-4309. [PMID: 37591808 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Blood is a commonly encountered type of biological evidence and can provide critical information about the crime that occurred. The ability to accurately and precisely determine the time since deposition (TSD) of a bloodstain is highly sought after in the field of forensic science. Current spectral methods for determining TSD are typically developed using small volume bloodstains, we investigate the applicability to larger volume blood pools where drying and degradation mechanics are different. We explored the differences that exist between the surface and bulk of dried segments from fragments collected from 15 mL dried blood pools and identified heterogeneity using RGB colour analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The physical, molecular, and atomic differences between the layers were further investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. SEM identified different morphology on the surface and the bulk indicative of density-dependant cellular settling. XPS revealed that iron was not present on the surface but rather was present in the bulk where the red blood cells had settled. The oxidation state of the iron was quantified over three weeks in which it transitioned from entirely Fe2+ to primarily Fe3+, as expected for ex vivo degradation of hemoglobin. Further, indications of amide saponification occurring at the blood-air interface were identified in the increased quantity of the C-O moiety relative to CO, and the formation of free amines and OC-ONa groups over time. ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy provided insights into differences in the molecular composition of the layers, suggesting that the surface consists of more nucleic acids, lipids, and glycoproteins than the bulk, which was dominated by proteins (p < 0.001% using principal component analysis (PCA)). Additionally, spectral band trends previously reported to have applicability to the estimation of TSD were observed for the bulk portion of the blood pool as the Hb underwent predictable time dependant changes from oxyHb to metHb. PCA was performed based on all spectral data which demonstrated statistically significant differences between the surface and bulk, as well as proof-of-concept for linear TSD estimation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Giroux
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada.
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7
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Cano-Trujillo C, García-Ruiz C, Ortega-Ojeda FE, Montalvo G. Differentiation of blood and environmental interfering stains on substrates by Chemometrics-Assisted ATR FTIR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 292:122409. [PMID: 36720190 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Blood is the most common and relevant bodily fluid that can be found in crime scenes. It is critical to correctly identify it, and to be able to differentiate it from other substances that may also appear at the crime scene. In this work, several stains of blood, chocolate, ketchup, and tomato sauce on five different substrates (plywood, metal, gauze, denim, and glass) were analysed by ATR FTIR spectroscopy assisted with orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models. It was possible to differentiate blood from the environmental interfering substances independently of the substrate they were on, and to differentiate bloodstains according to the substrate they were deposited on. These results represent a proof-of-concept that open new horizons to differentiate bloodstains from other interfering substances on common substrates present in crime scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cano-Trujillo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales (IUICP), Calle Libreros 27, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales (IUICP), Calle Libreros 27, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Fernando E Ortega-Ojeda
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales (IUICP), Calle Libreros 27, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Gemma Montalvo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales (IUICP), Calle Libreros 27, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
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8
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Weber A, Hoplight B, Ogilvie R, Muro C, Khandasammy SR, Pérez-Almodóvar L, Sears S, Lednev IK. Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application. Anal Chem 2023; 95:167-205. [PMID: 36625116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States.,SupreMEtric LLC, 7 University Pl. B210, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Bailey Hoplight
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Rhilynn Ogilvie
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Claire Muro
- New York State Police Forensic Investigation Center, Building #30, Campus Access Rd., Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Shelby R Khandasammy
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Luis Pérez-Almodóvar
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Samuel Sears
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States.,SupreMEtric LLC, 7 University Pl. B210, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
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9
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Lee S, Mun S, Lee YR, Lee J, Kang HG. Validation of the Metabolite Ergothioneine as a Forensic Marker in Bloodstains. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248885. [PMID: 36558018 PMCID: PMC9786767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergothioneine, which is a naturally occurring metabolite, generally accumulates in tissues and cells subjected to oxidative stress, owing to its structural stability at physiological pH; therefore, it has been attracting attention in various biomedical fields. Ergothioneine has also been suggested as a potential forensic marker, but its applicability has not yet been quantitatively validated. In this study, quantitative analysis of ergothioneine in bloodstains was conducted to estimate the age of bloodstains and that of bloodstain donors. Blood from youth and elderly participants was used to generate bloodstains. After extracting metabolites from the bloodstains under prevalent age conditions, ergothioneine levels were quantified by mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring. The concentration of ergothioneine in day 0 bloodstains (fresh blood), was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the youth group, but it did not differ by sex. Statistically significant differences were observed between the samples from the two age groups on days 0, 5 and 7, and on days 2 and 3 compared with day 0. The findings suggest that ergothioneine can be used to estimate the age of bloodstains and of the donor; it could be useful as a potential marker in reconstructing crime scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Mun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Rim Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.-G.K.); Tel.: +82-31-951-3862 (J.L.); +82-31-740-7315 (H.-G.K.)
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.-G.K.); Tel.: +82-31-951-3862 (J.L.); +82-31-740-7315 (H.-G.K.)
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10
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Aparna R, Iyer R, Das T, Sharma K, Sharma A, Srivastava A. Detection,discrimination and aging of human tears stains using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for forensic purposes. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL: REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2022.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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11
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Vibrational spectroscopic approaches for semen analysis in forensic investigation: State of the art and way forward. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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13
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Hssaini L, Ouaabou R, Razouk R, Charafi J, Hanine H, Houmanat K, Ennahli S, Lahlali R. ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with the Invitro Antioxidant Activity and Chromaticity for Rapid Discrimination of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Cultivars. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Hssaini L, Elfazazi K, Razouk R, Ouaabou R, Hernandez F, Hanine H, Charafi J, Houmanat K, Aboutayeb R. Combined Effect of Cultivar and Peel Chromaticity on Figs' Primary and Secondary Metabolites: Preliminary Study Using Biochemical and FTIR Fingerprinting Coupled to Chemometrics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070573. [PMID: 34201443 PMCID: PMC8301012 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Primary and secondary metabolites are among the markers for addressing fig chemotypic variability. These compounds are mainly driven by the cultivar factor besides chromatic coordinates color as they are highly correlated to these biomarkers. Combined use of chemical analytical procedures and vibrational spectroscopy is of great importance for a better understanding of network connections within the dataset. In this study, we screened 11 fig tree cultivars for their biochemical and spectral fingerprints in a comparative scheme for high resolution discrimination. Analytical methods herein used were also evaluated for their greenness aspects using GAPI eco-scale tool. Abstract Figs are a traditional pantry staple for healthy eating in Middle Eastern and North African countries as fig trees grow abundantly in such hot and dry climates. Despite the importance of this species, chemotypic diversity has gone unheeded and therefore its valorization pathways remain poorly documented. For this reason, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) alongside vibrational spectroscopy were used to investigate the changes of antiradical potency and primary and secondary metabolites in fresh figs with regard to the combined effect of the cultivar factor and the fruit peel chromatic coordinates. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprinting displayed six major peaks assigned to functional groups of the investigated samples with significant differences in their vibration intensities. Biochemical screening revealed highly significant variability (p < 0.05) among the investigated cultivars. Antioxidant activity was found to be higher in free radical scavenging using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) compared to ferric reducing ability (FRAP). Chemometric investigations of both biochemical and FTIR fingerprinting showed satisfactory resolutions, and the total phenol contents and chromatic coordinates had the highest scores in the dataset. However, the cultivars’ geographical origin seemed not to have a clear impact on the clustering results. The aforementioned analytical procedures were found to be equally important and can be jointly used for high-resolution screening and discrimination of fig trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahcen Hssaini
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Kaoutar Elfazazi
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Rachid Razouk
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Rachida Ouaabou
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
| | - Francisca Hernandez
- Grupo de Investigación en Fruticultura y Técnicas de Producción, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - Hafida Hanine
- Laboratory of Bioprocessing and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco;
| | - Jamal Charafi
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Karim Houmanat
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Rachid Aboutayeb
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), P.O. 415, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (K.E.); (J.C.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
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Analysis of the ex-vivo transformation of semen, saliva and urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11855. [PMID: 34088945 PMCID: PMC8178304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ex-vivo biochemical changes of different body fluids also referred as aging of fluids are potential marker for the estimation of Time since deposition. Infrared spectroscopy has great potential to reveal the biochemical changes in these fluids as previously reported by several researchers. The present study is focused to analyze the spectral changes in the ATR-FTIR spectra of three body fluids, commonly encountered in violent crimes i.e., semen, saliva, and urine as they dry out. The whole analytical timeline is divided into relatively slow phase I due to the major contribution of water and faster Phase II due to significant evaporation of water. Two spectral regions i.e., 3200–3400 cm−1 and 1600–1000 cm−1 are the major contributors to the spectra of these fluids. Several peaks in the spectral region between 1600 and 1000 cm−1 showed highly significant regression equation with a higher coefficient of determination values in Phase II in contrary to the slow passing Phase I. Principal component and Partial Least Square Regression analysis are the two chemometric tool used to estimate the time since deposition of the aforesaid fluids as they dry out. Additionally, this study potentially estimates the time since deposition of an offense from the aging of the body fluids at the early stages after its occurrence as well as works as the precursor for further studies on an extended timeframe.
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