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Zhou Y, Chen G, Ma C, Yang T, Li L, Gu J, Zhu C, Hu A, Li X, Guan W, Zhang W. Carbon quantum dots as a turn-on fluorescent probe for the sensitive detection of Cd 2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124453. [PMID: 38749201 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In this study, fluorescent carbon dots were synthesized for the first time using ammonium citrate and glutamic acid as precursors via a one-pot hydrothermal method. The synthesized carbon dots emit blue fluorescence at 436 nm (excited at 320 nm) and demonstrate excellent photobleaching resistance and fluorescence stability in high salt environments. Within the range of 1-25 μM, the fluorescence of CDs gradually increases with the increasing concentration of Cd2+, reaching a limit of detection as low as 13 nM. This phenomenon could be ascribed to the chelation-enhanced fluorescence, a result of Cd2+ forming complexes with the abundant surface functional groups such as CN-, -COOH, -OH, -NH2 in CDs. Furthermore, this turn-on fluorescent probe has been successfully used for the detection of Cd2+ in tap water and lake water, providing an efficient and sensitive method for the analysis of environmental metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Taiqun Yang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiao Gu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Anqi Hu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weinan Guan
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial optoelectronic engineering and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
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Zhang M, He H, Huang Y, Huang R, Wu Z, Liu X, Deng H. Machine learning integrated high quantum yield blue light carbon dots for real-time and on-site detection of Cr(VI) in groundwater and drinking water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166822. [PMID: 37683863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The safety of groundwater and drinking water is directly related to the well-being of human beings and ecosystems. On-site monitoring and timely response to heavy metals in these water sources are crucial for water supply security. Fluorescent probes combined with machine learning technology have been applied to on-site detection of heavy metals. However, they were primarily focused on industrial-level detection and lacked the sensitivity required for detecting Cr(VI) in groundwater and drinking water. In this study, we developed an machine learning-integrated approach using high-quantum-yield (QY) N-doped blue-light carbon dots (N-BCDs) for instant detection of Cr(VI) in groundwater and drinking water. N-BCDs were synthesized within 3 min using a household microwave oven with citric acid and 1,2-diaminobenzene, resulting in a QY of approximately 90 %. The fluorescence of N-BCDs was quenched via the internal filter effect (IFE), enabling the detection of Cr(VI) within 1 min, with a detection limit of 0.1574 μg L-1 for Cr(VI) concentrations ranging from 0 to 60 μg L-1. We employed machine learning methods to determine Cr(VI) concentrations from simple shots, based on the red-green-blue (RGB) feature and Kmeans feature extraction. These features were input into four models (Ridge, XGB, SVR, and Linear), achieving a fitness of 95.2 %. Furthermore, the accuracies for Cr(VI) concentration identification in actual groundwater and drinking water were as high as 95.71 % and 96.81 %, respectively. Our work successfully extended the detection range of Cr(VI) to the μg level, significantly improving the practical applicability of the method and providing a new approach for on-site detection of Cr(VI) in groundwater and drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haijun He
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yanquan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Renfeng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueming Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hong Deng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Tanwar AS, Khatun MN, Chanu MA, Sarmah T, Im YH, Iyer PK. A water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte for selective and sensitive detection of carcinogenic chromium(VI). Analyst 2023; 148:6011-6019. [PMID: 37882495 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental water pollution caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a threat to living beings due to its carcinogenic nature. Herein, we report the synthesis of a highly fluorescent water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte PPMI and its application as a fluorescence sensor to monitor traces of carcinogenic Cr(VI) ions in water. PPMI was synthesized via the oxidative polymerization method followed by post-polymer functionalization. Fluorescent PPMI exhibited a photoluminescence quantum yield of 23.87 and displayed a rapid, very selective, and sensitive turn-off fluorescence signal in response to Cr(VI), with a significantly high quenching constant of 1.32 × 106 M-1. The mechanism of sensing was found to be static quenching. The limit of detection of this highly accessible analytical method was found to be in nanomolar ranges, i.e. 0.85 nM. Additionally, sensing on solid platforms such as economical paper strips was successfully achieved, which is very challenging and highly recommended for any reliable, portable, and economical analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Sain Tanwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mst Nasima Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | | | - Tapashi Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Yeon-Ho Im
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology and School for Health Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India.
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Qin X, Zhou G, Ma P, Xia J, Gong F, Chen L, Xu L. A polystyrene-based ESIPT fluorescent polymeric probe for highly sensitive detection of chromium(vi) ions and protein staining. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25350-25359. [PMID: 37622025 PMCID: PMC10445524 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02698a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A "two-step" preparation method of an excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorescent polymer (f-PP) is reported here. The synthesis of f-PP involves the acetylation of polystyrene and a "multicomponent one pot" reaction. The as-prepared polymer bears a group of ESIPT fluorescent units, enabling it to exhibit high brightness, moderate solubility and ESIPT fluorescence. F-PP gives off tautomeric bright green fluorescence under UV-tamp and the dual-emission could be specifically suppressed by Cr(vi). This phenomenon cannot be elicited by other competing species. On this basis, an ESIPT polymeric probe-based method for the determination of Cr(vi) was developed, offering high sensitivity (19.5 nM) and selectivity. The f-PP was successfully used to detect Cr(vi) in real water samples by standard adding methods, indicating its application feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 P. R. China +86-0731-85258733
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 P. R. China +86-0731-85258733
| | - Pan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 P. R. China +86-0731-85258733
| | - Jiaoyun Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 P. R. China +86-0731-85258733
| | - Fuchun Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 P. R. China +86-0731-85258733
| | - Lusen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 P. R. China +86-0731-85258733
| | - Lujie Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 P. R. China +86-0731-85258733
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Yakusheva A, Aly-Eldeen M, Gusev A, Zakharova O, Kuznetsov D. Cyan Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots with Amino Derivatives for the Visual Detection of Copper (II) Cations in Sea Water. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1004. [PMID: 36985898 PMCID: PMC10055749 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amino- and carboxyl-functionalized carbon quantum dots (Amino-CQDs) were synthesized through fast and simple microwave treatment of a citric acid, ethylenediamine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) mix. The reproducible and stable optical properties from newly synthesized CQD dispersion with a maximum absorbance spectra at 330 nm and the symmetric emission maximum at 470 nm made the Amino-CQDs a promising fluorescence material for analytical applications. The highly aminated and chelate moieties on the CQDs was appropriate for a copper (Cu2+) cation sensor in the linear range from 1 × 10-4 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL with a limit of detection at 0.00036 mg/mL by static fluorescence quenching effects. Furthermore, Amino-CQDs demonstrated stable fluorescence parameters for assays in diluted alkali metal solution (Na+ and K+) and sea water. Finally, a visual sensor, based on Amino-CQDs, was successfully created for the 0.01-100 mg/mL range to produce a colorimetric effect that can be registered by computer vision software (Open CV Python).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Yakusheva
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninsky Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohamed Aly-Eldeen
- Marine Chemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Kayet-Bey, Al-Anfoushi, Alexandria 5321430, Egypt
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninsky Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33, Internatsionalnaya Str., 392000 Tambov, Russia
| | - Olga Zakharova
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninsky Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33, Internatsionalnaya Str., 392000 Tambov, Russia
| | - Denis Kuznetsov
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninsky Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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Zhao N, Song J, Ye H, Zhao L. A pH-dependent N, P co-doped carbon dots as fluorescent probe for malachite green assay and its visual application based on fluorescent hydrogel kit. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 221:112985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Diana FRM, Suratman A, Wahyuni ET, Mudasir M, Suherman S. Development of N,S-CDs fluorescent probe method for early detection of Cr(VI) in the environment. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ghosh B, Roy S, Bardhan S, Mondal D, Saha I, Ghosh S, Basu R, Karmakar P, Das K, Das S. Biocompatible Carbon Dot Decorated α-FeOOH Nanohybrid for an Effective Fluorometric Sensing of Cr (VI) in Wastewater and Living Cells. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1489-1500. [PMID: 35503196 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the fluorometric detection of toxic hexavalent chromium Cr (VI)) in wastewater and Cr (VI) contaminated living cells using in-situ grown carbon quantum dots into the goethite (α-FeOOH) nano-matrix. The synthesized nano-hybrid shows enormous potential in determining the chromium contamination levels in various types of water samples. This selective fluorometric probe is enormously sensitive (LOD 81 nM) toward hexavalent chromium, which makes it a dedicated chromium sensor. Moreover, the sensing mechanism has been assessed using Stern-Volmer's equation and fluorescence lifetime experiments showing the simultaneous occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer and the inner filter effect. This chromium sensor has also been employed to assess the contamination level in real-life industrial wastewater. The performance of this probe in a real-life wastewater sample is quite commendable. Further, this biocompatible fluorometric probe has been used to demonstrate the in-vitro sensing of Cr (VI) in HeLa cells. The rapid detection mechanism of hexavalent chromium in living cells has been validated using theoretical docking simulations. Henceforth, this fluorometric sensor material could open new avenues not only in wastewater monitoring but also in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Shubham Roy
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Souravi Bardhan
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Saheli Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Ruma Basu
- Department of Physics, Jogamaya Devi College, Kolkata- 700026, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Kaustuv Das
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Sukhen Das
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
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Zhu L, Shen D, Hong Luo K. Triple-emission nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon quantum dots from lignin: Highly fluorescent sensing platform for detection of hexavalent chromium ions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:557-567. [PMID: 35303639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering that hexavalent chromium ions (Cr6+) with high toxicity poses a huge threat to human health and the ecological environment, constructing a rapid and accurate sensing platform is of great significance in detecting the toxic substance. The novel nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon quantum dots (N, B-CQDs) from lignin are synthesized as fluorescent sensors for the detection of Cr6+. The synthetic processes involve the acid hydrolysis step followed by the hydrothermal treatment step. Lignin is firstly depolymerized by cleaving ether bonds in the acidolysis, and N, B-CQDs are consequently formed by the aromatic re-fusion of lignin nanoparticles in the hydrothermal process. The lignin-derived N, B-CQDs show triple emission of purple, blue and green fluorescence under the excitation of 300, 330, and 490 nm, respectively. The triple-emission N, B-CQDs are applied for the triple-channel detection of Cr6+, which exhibit highly sensitive and selective fluorescence quenching for Cr6+ with good linearity (R2 ≤ 0.996) and very low limit of detection as 0.054, 0.049, and 0.077 μM under the excitation of 300, 330 and 490 nm, respectively. The utilization of renewable lignin as CQDs-based fluorescent sensors opens a new avenue for the rapid and accurate detection of Cr6+ through a multichannel sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
| | - Kai Hong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E7JE, UK
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Zhan X, Wang B, Yu L. Glycidol‐modified polyethylenimine‐capped carbon dots with ultrastable fluorescence for sensitive and selective detection of folic acid in food samples. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Ye Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin China
| | - Li‐Ping Yu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin China
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Tian H, Ju G, Li M, Fu W, Dai Y, Liang Z, Qiu Y, Qin Z, Yin X. Fluorescent “on–off–on” sensor based on N,S co-doped carbon dots from seaweed ( Sargassum carpophyllum) for specific detection of Cr( vi) and ascorbic acid. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06544k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A low-temperature carbonization method using seaweed (Sargassum carpophyllum) as a precursor was applied to prepare nitrogen and sulfur co-doped CDs (N,S-CDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Guangxu Ju
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Li
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Fu
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yongcheng Dai
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyi Liang
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Qiu
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Qin
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xueqiong Yin
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
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