Voltammetric determination of linagliptin in bulk and plasma sample using an electrochemical sensor based on L-cysteine modified 1T-MoS2 nanosheets

Electrochemical Assays for the Determination of Antidiabetic Drugs-A Review

This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding electrochemical methods for determining the active substances within drugs that are used in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Electrochemical methods of analysis, due to their sensitivity and easiness, are a great alternative to other, usually more expensive analytical assays. The determination of active substances mentioned in this review is based on oxidation or reduction processes on the surface of the working electrode. A wide variety of working electrodes, often modified with materials such as nanoparticles or conducting polymers, have been used for the highly sensitive analysis of antidiabetic drugs. The presented assays allow us to determine the compounds of interest in various samples, such as pharmaceutical products or different human bodily fluids.

Nanoparticles with SGLT2 inhibitory activity: Possible benefits and future

AIM

Nano-drug delivery is a rapidly growing approach in medicine that helps design and develop newer forms of drugs with more efficacy and lower adverse effects. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are an emerging class of antidiabetic agents that reduce the blood glucose levels by damping glucose reabsorption in renal proximal tubules.

METHODS AND RESULTS

This mechanism might be followed by some adverse effects that could be prevented by nano-drug delivery. Although we have still limited evidence about nanoforms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, current knowledge strongly suggests that nanotechnology can help us design more effective drugs with lower side effects. In recent years, several studies have explored the possible benefits of nanoforms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. However, clinical trials are yet to be conducted.

CONCLUSION

In the current review, we present the latest findings on the development and benefits of nanoforms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.

An electrochemical molecularly imprinted sensor based on CuBi2O4/rGO@MoS2 nanocomposite and its utilization for highly selective and sensitive for linagliptin assay

The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) is an outstanding electrochemical tool that demonstrates good chemical sensitivity and stability. These main advantages, coupled with the material's vast microfabrication flexibility, make molecularly imprinted sensors an attractive sensing device. Herein, it was aimed to develop a state-of-art molecularly imprinted sensor based on CuBi₂O₄/rGO@MoS₂ nanocomposite to be utilized for the detection of linagliptin (LNG), a novel hypoglycemic drug. The electrochemical characterizations of linagliptin on the surface of the modified electrode was examined via cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Several characterization methods including transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX), were utilized for electrode characterization. The LNG imprinted voltammetric sensor was developed in 80.0 mM phenol containing 20.0 mM LNG. CuBi₂O₄/rGO@MoS₂ nanocomposite on LNG imprinted screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) (MIP/CuBi₂O₄/rGO@MoS₂ nanocomposite/SCPE) exhibited a linear relationship between peak current and LNG concentration in the range 0.07-0.5 nM with a detection limit of 0.057 nM. In the existence of interfering substances, an LNG imprinted electrode was utilized to analyze urine, human plasma, and tablet samples with adequate selectivity. The developed sensor was also illustrated for stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and reusability.