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Khallouki F, Zennouhi W, Hajji L, Bourhia M, Benbacer L, El Bouhali B, Rezig L, Poirot M, Lizard G. Current advances in phytosterol free forms and esters: Classification, biosynthesis, chemistry, and detection. Steroids 2024; 212:109520. [PMID: 39378976 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterols are plant sterols that are important secondary plant metabolites with significant pharmacological properties. Their presence in the plant kingdom concerns many unrelated botanical families such as oleageneous plants and cereals. The structures of phytosterols evoke those of cholesterol. These molecules are composed of a sterane ring, also known as perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene, along with a methyl or ethyl group at C-24 in their side chains, a hydroxyl group at C-3 on ring A, and one or two double bonds in the B ring. Phytosterols display different oxidation degrees at the sterane ring and at the side chain as well as varying numbers of carbons with complex stereochemistries. Fats and water solubilities of phytosterols have been achieved by physical, chemical and enzymatic esterifications to favor their bioavailability and to improve the sensory quality of food, and the efficiency of pharmaceutic and cosmetic products. This review aims to provide comprehensive information starting from the definition and structural classification of phytosterols, and exposes an update of their biogenic relationships. Next, the synthesis of phytosterol esters and their applications as well as their effective roles as hormone precursors are discussed. Finally, a concise exploration of the latest advancements in phytosterol / oxyphytosterols analysis techniques is provided, with a particular focus on modern hyphenated techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Khallouki
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Department of Biology, FSTE, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 609, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco.
| | - Wafa Zennouhi
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Department of Biology, FSTE, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 609, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Lhoussain Hajji
- Department of Biology, FSM, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bourhia
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, 70000 Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Laila Benbacer
- Unité de Biologie et Recherches Moléculaires Département Sciences du Vivant, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bachir El Bouhali
- Department of Biology, FSM, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Leila Rezig
- University of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, LR11ES24, LIP-MB 'Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules', Tunis, Tunisia; High Institute of Food Industries, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse III, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Laboratoiry Bio-PeroxIL / EA7270, Université de Bourgogne / Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; PHYNOHA Consulting, 21121 Fontaine-lès-Dijon, France.
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Wang D, Li D, Xu Q, Lv X, Chen H, Wei F. Steam explosion pretreatment enhances free/combined phytosterol extraction and utilization in rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) and its processed products: Insights from SPE-GC approach. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 9:100869. [PMID: 39398977 PMCID: PMC11470560 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the impact of steam explosion pretreatment on the distribution of free and combined phytosterols within rapeseed and its derived products. Utilizing solid phase extraction-gas chromatography (SPE-GC) analysis, we elucidated the composition and distribution of phytosterols in five rapeseed varieties and their corresponding processed oils and cakes. The results indicated that Zhongyou 516 and Xiwang 988 are richer in combined phytosterols, whereas Dadi 199, Zhongyouza 501, and Xiwang 291 have a greater concentration of free phytosterols. Steam explosion pretreatment significantly increased the extraction proportion of combined phytosterols in rapeseeds. Throughout the oil process, more than half of the total phytosterol content, specifically 57.0%, was transferred from the steam explosion-treated rapeseed into the rapeseed oil. The variety Xiwang 291 showed the highest efficiency in this transfer, achieving a rate of 61.7%. The study provides crucial data for the enhancement of rapeseed processing techniques and the efficient utilization of phytosterols. Moreover, the study highlights the potential use of the ratio of free to combined phytosterols as a discriminator for different rapeseed oil varieties, offering valuable insights for quality assurance and product differentiation in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, PR China
| | - Qiuhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, PR China
| | - Xin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, PR China
| | - Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
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Guo Q, Wang D, Ma F, Fang M, Zhang L, Li P, Yu L. MOF-derived nanozyme CuOx@C and its application for cascade colorimetric detection of phytosterols. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:312. [PMID: 38717599 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterols (PSs), a class of naturally occurring bioactive lipid compounds, have been found to possess a significant cholesterol-lowering effect. In developing countries, the consumption of rapeseed oil is the primary pathway of PS intake for the general population. However, developing low-cost, real-time, and high-throughput screening techniques for PSs remains a challenge. Here, a Cu-based nanocomposite CuOx@C was synthesized via a simple method of the calcination of HKUST-1 and systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The CuOx@C demonstrated excellent peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity, functioning as a peroxidase mimic to facilitate the catalysis of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into its oxidized form (oxTMB), thereby initiating a discernible color response. On the basis of this discovery, a CuOx@C-based colorimetric method for detecting total sterols in rapeseed was successfully constructed via cascade reactions. After optimizing the conditions, the high-throughput screening of total sterols in rapeseed could be completed in only 21 min, which significantly facilitated the sensing of PSs. A linear range of 0.6-6 mg/g was achieved for the detection of total sterols in rapeseed samples, thereby satisfying the requirements for detection. In addition, due to the high stability of CuOx@C and the specificity of cholesterol oxidase, the developed method had excellent stability and selectivity toward PSs, indicating that this work has huge prospects for commercial application. This innovative work overcomes the limitation of the instrumental method and provides a portable and reliable tool for total sterols detection. It can also facilitate the development of oilseeds with a high content of PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Fang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
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Mădălina-Georgiana B, Imre S, Vari C, Ősz BE, Ștefănescu R, Pușcaș A, Jîtcă G, Matei CM, Tero-Vescan A. Assessing β-Sitosterol Levels in Dietary Supplements for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Implications for Therapeutic Efficacy. Cureus 2024; 16:e60309. [PMID: 38756716 PMCID: PMC11096994 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition among aging men that affects their life quality due to urinary symptoms. Current pharmacologic treatments, often lead to sexual dysfunction, so dietary supplements (DS) containing plant-based compounds such as β-sitosterol (SIT) are preferred. DS are highly accessible and widely used, but poorly regulated, so often patients are victims of fraud. The use of DS to treat BPH symptoms is questionable, and this may be due not to the efficacity of the active compound but to the quality of commonly available DS. Aim This study aimed to assess the concentration of SIT in DS available on the market and evaluate whether the concentration of the active compound at the recommended dosage is sufficient to elicit beneficial effects in BPH. Method An HPLC-UV method based on direct saponification and acid hydrolysis was developed for the quantification of free and conjugated SIT in DS. The concentration of SIT in various DS was determined and compared with the one declared on the label. Results The chromatographic analysis confirmed the presence of SIT in all the DS but also showed a considerable variability of SIT content among DS, with only one product meeting the necessary concentration to bring potential benefits in BPH. Conclusion The study highlights inconsistencies in SIT content among DS and the importance of DS containing a standardized extract of SIT. Quality control measures are imperative to ensure that consumers receive effective and safe SIT-based DS to manage BPH symptoms. Further research is needed to establish standardized dosages and to evaluate their long-term efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buț Mădălina-Georgiana
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Silvia Imre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Targu Mures, ROU
| | - Camil Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Ruxandra Ștefănescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Amalia Pușcaș
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of the Environmental Factors, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Camelia-Maria Matei
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, ROU
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Evtyugin DD, Evtuguin DV, Casal S, Domingues MR. Advances and Challenges in Plant Sterol Research: Fundamentals, Analysis, Applications and Production. Molecules 2023; 28:6526. [PMID: 37764302 PMCID: PMC10535520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant sterols (PS) are cholesterol-like terpenoids widely spread in the kingdom Plantae. Being the target of extensive research for more than a century, PS have topped with evidence of having beneficial effects in healthy subjects and applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, many gaps in several fields of PS's research still hinder their widespread practical applications. In fact, many of the mechanisms associated with PS supplementation and their health benefits are still not fully elucidated. Furthermore, compared to cholesterol data, many complex PS chemical structures still need to be fully characterized, especially in oxidized PS. On the other hand, PS molecules have also been the focus of structural modifications for applications in diverse areas, including not only the above-mentioned but also in e.g., drug delivery systems or alternative matrixes for functional foods and fats. All the identified drawbacks are also superimposed by the need of new PS sources and technologies for their isolation and purification, taking into account increased environmental and sustainability concerns. Accordingly, current and future trends in PS research warrant discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D. Evtyugin
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.E.); (D.V.E.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.E.); (D.V.E.)
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Jayantha JBSK, Mashayekhy Rad F, Vidanarachchi JK, Bergquist J, Kumari A Ubhayasekera SJ. A fast ultra performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for profiling of targeted phytosterols. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1225:123737. [PMID: 37210885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are essential structural components of plant cell membranes and possess health-related benefits, including lowering blood cholesterol levels in humans. Numerous analytical methods are being used to profile plant and animal sterols. Chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry, is a better option due to its specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity. An ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and evaluated for fingerprint analysis of seven phytosterols. Mass spectrometry fragmentation behavior was used for phytosterol identification, and multiple reaction monitoring scanning was utilized for phytosterol confirmation, where APCI outperformed superiority in terms of ion intensity, particularly in the production of [M + H-H2O]+ ions rather than [M + H]+ ions. The chromatographic conditions were thoroughly evaluated, and the ionization parameters were optimized as well. In a 3 min. run, the seven phytosterols were separated concurrently. The calibration and repeatability tests were conducted to check the instrument's performance, and the results indicated that all of the phytosterols tested had correlation coefficients (r2) greater than 0.9911 over the concentration range of 5-5000 ng/mL. The limit of quantification was below 20 ng/mL for all the tested analytes except for stigmasterol and campesterol. The partially validated method was applied for the evaluation of phytosterols in pure coconut oil and palm oil in order to demonstrate its applicability. Total sterols in coconut and palm oils were 126.77 ng/mL and 101.73 ng/mL, respectively. In comparison to earlier methods of phytosterol analysis, the novel method offers a far faster, more sensitive, and more selective analytical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B S K Jayantha
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - J K Vidanarachchi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Buț MG, Jîtcă G, Imre S, Vari CE, Ősz BE, Jîtcă CM, Tero-Vescan A. The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1722. [PMID: 37111945 PMCID: PMC10142909 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) markedly increases with age. Phytotherapeutic approaches have been developed over time owing to the adverse side effects of conventional medications such as 5-reductase inhibitors and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Therefore, dietary supplements (DS) containing active compounds that benefit BPH are widely available. Phytosterols (PSs) are well recognized for their role in maintaining blood cholesterol levels; however, their potential in BPH treatment remains unexplored. This review aims to provide a general overview of the available data regarding the clinical evidence and a good understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of PSs-induced activities at a molecular level in BPH. Furthermore, we will explore the authenticity of PSs content in DS used by patients with BPH compared to the current legislation and appropriate analytical methods for tracking DS containing PSs. The results showed that PSs might be a useful pharmacological treatment option for men with mild to moderate BPH, but the lack of standardized extracts linked with the regulation of DS containing PSs and experimental evidence to elucidate the mechanisms of action limit the use of PSs in BPH. Moreover, the results suggest multiple research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina-Georgiana Buț
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Silvia Imre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Camil Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Carmen-Maria Jîtcă
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
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8
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Santanatoglia A, Nzekoue FK, Sagratini G, Ricciutelli M, Vittori S, Caprioli G. Development and application of a novel analytical method for the determination of 8 plant sterols/stanols in 22 legumes samples. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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9
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Honda L, Arismendi D, Richter P. Integration of rotating disk sorptive extraction and dispersive-solid phase extraction for the determination of estrogens and their metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Extraction and utilization of active substances from edible fungi substrate and residue: A review. Food Chem 2023; 398:133872. [PMID: 35964566 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of the edible fungi industry has resulted in the production of large amounts of edible fungus residues, causing great pressure on environmental protection.Therefore, research on edible fungus residue utilization has become a controversial issue. Thus far, numerous efforts have been devoted to separate active substances from edible fungus substrates and residues for high application value utilization. Building upon this, the main methods for extracting active substances from edible mushroom residues are reviewed, and the mechanisms, influencing factors, and trade-offs of the various methods are analysed. Furthermore, the existing and possible directions of utilization of the extracted active substances are reviewed and discussed. Finally, challenges and prospects for the extraction and utilization of different substances in edible fungus residues are proposed. This review provides an effective strategy for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of human society.
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Guerra Y, Celi D, Cueva P, Perez-Castillo Y, Giampieri F, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Tejera E. Critical Review of Plant-Derived Compounds as Possible Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Proteases: A Comparison with Experimentally Validated Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44542-44555. [PMID: 36530229 PMCID: PMC9753184 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ever since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the WHO, a concerted effort has been made to find compounds capable of acting on the virus and preventing its replication. In this context, researchers have refocused part of their attention on certain natural compounds that have shown promising effects on the virus. Considering the importance of this topic in the current context, this study aimed to present a critical review and analysis of the main reports of plant-derived compounds as possible inhibitors of the two SARS-CoV-2 proteases: main protease (Mpro) and Papain-like protease (PLpro). From the search in the PubMed database, a total of 165 published articles were found that met the search patterns. A total of 590 unique molecules were identified from a total of 122 articles as potential protease inhibitors. At the same time, 114 molecules reported as natural products and with annotation of theoretical support and antiviral effects were extracted from the COVID-19 Help database. After combining the molecules extracted from articles and those obtained from the database, we identified 648 unique molecules predicted as potential inhibitors of Mpro and/or PLpro. According to our results, several of the predicted compounds with higher theoretical confidence are present in many plants used in traditional medicine and even food, such as flavonoids, carboxylic acids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, terpenes phytosterols, and triterpenoids. These are potential inhibitors of Mpro and PLpro. Although the predictions of several molecules against SARS-CoV-2 are promising, little experimental information was found regarding certain families of compounds. Only 45 out of the 648 unique molecules have experimental data validating them as inhibitors of Mpro or PLpro, with the most frequent scaffold present in these 45 compounds being the flavone. The novelty of this work lies in the analysis of the structural diversity of the chemical space among the molecules predicted as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro proteases and the comparison to those molecules experimentally validated. This work emphasizes the need for experimental validation of certain families of compounds, preferentially combining classical enzymatic assays with interaction-based methods. Furthermore, we recommend checking the presence of Pan-Assay Interference Compounds (PAINS) and the presence of molecules previously reported as inhibitors of Mpro or PLpro to optimize resources and time in the discovery of new SARS-CoV-2 antivirals from plant-derived molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasel Guerra
- Ingeniería
en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias
Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Grupo
de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Diana Celi
- Facultad
de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Paul Cueva
- Facultad
de Posgrado, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Grupo
de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Área
de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - José Miguel Alvarez-Suarez
- Departamento
de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170157, Ecuador
- King
Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Ingeniería
en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias
Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Grupo
de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
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Abdelgawad MA, Abdelaleem EA, Gamal M, Abourehab MAS, Abdelhamid NS. A new green approach for the reduction of consumed solvents and simultaneous quality control analysis of several pharmaceuticals using a fast and economic RP-HPLC method; a case study for a mixture of piracetam, ketoprofen and omeprazole drugs. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16301-16309. [PMID: 35733689 PMCID: PMC9159347 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main aims of green analytical chemistry (GAC) is the reduction of solvents and chemicals consumed. Recycling the mobile phase in chromatographic techniques provides an efficient way to implement GAC principles. However, this is not an easy job, particularly in the case of the gradient mode. Analysis of multi-pharmaceuticals for the same manufacturer using one mobile phase system dramatically reduces consumed solvents, time, and cost for pharmaceuticals analysis in quality control laboratories. This work is an attempt to reduce time, cost and effort needed for quality control analysis of several dosage forms produced by the same manufacturer. Our novel and green RP-HPLC method is able to separate and quantify a tertiary mixture of piracetam, ketoprofen and omeprazole produced by the same manufacturers. The analyst can easily quantify the three drugs in the three dosage forms in one run using the gradient elution mode of methanol and water (from 50% methanol to 85% methanol in ten minutes) with a flow rate 1.5 mL min−1 on a non-polar C18 column. Suitable dilutions were done for the working solution of the mixed pharmaceutical formulations prior to chromatographic analysis. This procedure will dramatically reduce the consumed solvents and save time and money during pharmaceutical analysis. The calibration ranges are (5–25), (5–25) and (3–20) μg mL−1 for the three studied drugs. The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) procedures were followed in the validation process and the results were evaluated in comparison with official HPLC methods, where no noteworthy differences were found. The green profile of the method and pictograms of AGREE and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) approaches proved the eco-friendly character for the studied drugs. The simultaneous quantitative analysis for Stimulan® and Hyposec® capsules, and Ketolgin® tablets from the Amoun Pharmaceutical Company, Egypt, can be accomplished via the novel method. Also, Memoral® ampoules, Topfam® tablets, and Gastroloc® capsules from Sigma Pharmaceutical Industries, Egypt, could be analyzed simultaneously. Omez® capsules and Ketogesic® tablets from the Pharaonia Pharmaceuticals, Egypt, could be determined simultaneously too. Applying this RP-HPLC method, a significant reduction of the total cost is assured as the required amount of solvent is noticeably decreased when performing multi-analyses in comparison to single component analysis. We report a novel and green RP-HPLC method able to separate and quantify a tertiary mixture of piracetam, ketoprofen and omeprazole produced by the same manufacturers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Aljouf 72341 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eglal A Abdelaleem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St. 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St. 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nessreen S Abdelhamid
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St. 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
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13
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Wang P, Zhang J, Zhan N, Yang S, Yu M, Liu H. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and excretion studies of fucosterol from Sargasssum fusiforme in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5309. [PMID: 34981527 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fucosterol is the main phytosterol in brown algae with various pharmacological effects such as cholesterol-lowering, anti-cancer, hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, and so on. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics and excretion characteristics of fucosterol. In this study, a GC-MS method was developed and validated for the determination of fucosterol in rat plasma, urine, and feces. The method effectively avoids the interference of Δ5 -avenasterol, a cis-trans-isomer of fucosterol derived from feed, by using a TG-5 capillary column (non-polar column with 5 % phenyl-methylpolysilicone as stationary phase material). The linearity ranges of fucosterol 0.300-18.0 μg/mL (R2 = 0.9960) for plasma, 0.0500-2.50 μg/mL for urine (R2 = 0.9963), and 0.100-8.00 μg/mg (R2 = 0.9923) for feces sample. With good extraction recoveries and stability, this rapid and sensitive method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and excretion studies of fucosterol in Sprague-Dawley rat. Fucosterol from Sargassum fusiforme had poor absorption and slow elimination within the absolute oral bioavailability of 0.74 %, and was mainly eliminated through fecal excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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