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Muhammad Yunus F, Alias Y, Yahya N, Mohamad Zain NN, Raoov M. Poly-(ionic liquid) coated with magnetic nanoparticles for micro solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:495-512. [PMID: 38466777 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2326426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate-vinyl imidazole bromide) (poly-MMA-IL)-grafted magnetic nanoparticles were successfully developed and applied in the micro-magnetic solid phase extraction (μ-MSPE) for 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from tea, fried food, and grilled food samples via gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). One variable at a time (OVAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used for efficient optimization. The validation method showed a good coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.9901 to 0.9982 (n = 3) with linearity of 0.2 μg L-1-500 μg L-1. Detection and quantification limits were 0.06 µg L-1-0.32 µg L-1 and 0.18 µg L-1-0.97 µg L-1. Additionally, satisfactory reproducibility was attained with intra-day and inter-day precisions having RSD ranges of 3.6%-11.1%. The spiked recovery value of 16 PAHs in fried food, grilled food and tea samples obtained from the night market in Malaysia ranged from 80%-12%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Muhammad Yunus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahya
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muggundha Raoov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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Olorunnisola D, Olorunnisola CG, Otitoju OB, Okoli CP, Rawel HM, Taubert A, Easun TL, Unuabonah EI. Cellulose-based adsorbents for solid phase extraction and recovery of pharmaceutical residues from water. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121097. [PMID: 37479430 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose has attracted interest from researchers both in academic and industrial sectors due to its unique structural and physicochemical properties. The ease of surface modification of cellulose by the integration of nanomaterials, magnetic components, metal organic frameworks and polymers has made them a promising adsorbent for solid phase extraction of emerging contaminants, including pharmaceutical residues. This review summarizes, compares, and contrasts different types of cellulose-based adsorbents along with their applications in adsorption, extraction and pre-concentration of pharmaceutical residues in water for subsequent analysis. In addition, a comparison in efficiency of cellulose-based adsorbents and other types of adsorbents that have been used for the extraction of pharmaceuticals in water is presented. From our observation, cellulose-based materials have principally been investigated for the adsorption of pharmaceuticals in water. However, this review aims to shift the focus of researchers to the application of these adsorbents in the effective pre-concentration of pharmaceutical pollutants from water at trace concentrations, for quantification. At the end of the review, the challenges and future perspectives regarding cellulose-based adsorbents are discussed, thus providing an in-depth overview of the current state of the art in cellulose hybrid adsorbents for extraction of pharmaceuticals from water. This is expected to inspire the development of solid phase exraction materials that are efficient, relatively cheap, and prepared in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare Olorunnisola
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558 Nuthetal (Ortsteil Bergholz-Rehbrücke), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chidinma G Olorunnisola
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oluwaferanmi B Otitoju
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwunonso P Okoli
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Harshadrai M Rawel
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558 Nuthetal (Ortsteil Bergholz-Rehbrücke), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timothy L Easun
- School of Chemistry, Haworth Building, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emmanuel I Unuabonah
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Calero-Cañuelo C, Casado-Carmona FA, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Mixed-mode cationic exchange sorptive tapes combined with direct infusion mass spectrometry for determining opioids in saliva samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1702:464097. [PMID: 37244164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis of mixed-mode cationic exchange (MCX) tapes as sorptive phases in bioanalysis, and it faces the determination of methadone and tramadol in saliva as the model analytical problem. The tapes are synthesized using aluminum foil as substrate, which is subsequently covered with double-sided adhesive tape where the MCX particles (ca. 1.4 ± 0.2 mg) finally adhere. MCX particles allow the extraction of the analytes at the physiological pH, where both drugs are positively charged, minimizing the potential co-extraction of endogenous matrix compounds. The extraction conditions were studied considering the main variables (e.g. ionic strength, extraction time, sample dilution). Under the optimum conditions and using direct infusion mass spectrometry as the instrumental technique, detection limits as low as 3.3 μg·L-1 were obtained. The precision calculated at three different levels, and expressed as relative standard deviation, was better than 3.8%. The accuracy, expressed as relative recoveries, ranged from 83 to 113%. The method was finally applied to determine tramadol in saliva samples from patients under medical treatment. This approach opens the door to easily preparing sorptive tapes based on commercial (or ad-hoc synthesized) sorbent particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calero-Cañuelo
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Antonio Casado-Carmona
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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5
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López-Ruiz I, Lasarte-Aragonés G, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Deep eutectic solvent coated paper: Sustainable sorptive phase for sample preparation. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1698:464003. [PMID: 37094540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based sorptive phases have gained attention recently due to the low-cost and sustainable character of the cellulosic substrate. However, the sustainability of the resulting phase can be limited by type of coating used for analytes isolation. In this article, this limitation is overcome by using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as coating. To this aim, a Thymol-Vanillin DES is synthesized and deposited on pre-cut cellulose paper strips. The paper-supported DES is employed as sorptive phase for the isolation of selected triazine herbicides for environmental waters analysis. The isolated analytes are finally determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. The method is optimized according to the critical variables that potentially affect its analytical performance such as sample volume, extractant amount, extraction time and sample ionic strength. The method was characterized in terms of sensitivity, accuracy and precision and its applicability was evaluated for the analysis of real environmental water samples. Good linearity values (R2>0.995) were obtained for all the analytes. Limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 µg L-1 and the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was better than 14.7%. The relative recoveries, calculated in spiked well and river samples, were in the range 90-106%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada López-Ruiz
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lasarte-Aragonés
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain.
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain.
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6
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Khalili M, Dadfarnia S, Haji Shabani AM. Green thin-film microextraction based on polyaniline emeraldine salt-coated cellulose filter paper as an efficient preparation plane for extraction of Cd from environmental samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-023-02791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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7
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Poly-(MMA-IL) filter paper: A new class of paper-based analytical device for thin-film microextraction of multi-class antibiotics in environmental water samples using LC-MS/MS analysis. Talanta 2023; 254:124188. [PMID: 36521327 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A paper-based polymeric ionic liquid (p-Poly-(MMA-IL)) was successfully developed by grafting the polymeric ionic liquid on the surface of commercial filter paper (FP) by using the dipping method, presenting a new cost-effective film. The newly developed p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP was then applied as a paper-based thin-film microextraction (p-TFME) analytical device to extract 14 compounds as representative of five groups of antibiotic drugs, which were sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, penicillin and macrolides in environmental water samples. Besides, p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP, p-Poly-(MMA) FP, and unmodified filter paper were successfully characterised by FTIR, NMR, FESEM, TGA, and XRD techniques. They underwent significant parameters optimisation, which affected the extraction efficiency. Under optimal conditions, the proposed (p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP-TFME) device method was evaluated and applied to analyse multi-class antibiotic drugs in environmental water samples by using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The validation method showed that a good linearity (0.1 μg L-1 - 500 μg L-1) was noted (R2 > 0.993, n = 3). Detection and quantification limits were within 0.05 μg L-1 - 4.52 μg L-1 and 0.15 μg L-1 - 13.6 μg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values ranged at 1.4%-12.2% (intra-day, n = 15) and 4.4%-11.0% (inter-day, n = 10). The extraction recoveries of environmental water samples ranged from 79.1% to 126.8%, with an RSD of less than 15.4% (n = 3). The newly developed paper-based polymeric ionic liquid (p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP) for analysis of multi-class antibiotic drugs under the p-TFME analytical device procedure was successfully achieved with limited sample volume and organic solvent, fast extraction, and feasible in daily analysis. The detection concentration and relative RSD of multi-class antibiotics determined in various environmental water samples by the proposed method (n = 5) were within 0.44 μg L-1 - 54.41 μg L-1 and 0.69%-15.56%, respectively. These results signified the potential of the p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP-TFME device as an efficient, sensitive and environmentally friendly approach for analysing antibiotics.
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Li Q, Ji K, Tang N, Li Y, Gu X, Tang K. Vortex-ultrasonic assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for seven sulfonamides of fish samples based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent and simultaneous detecting with HPLC-PDA. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Bagheri AR, Aramesh N, Lee HK. Chitosan- and/or cellulose-based materials in analytical extraction processes: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gutiérrez-Serpa A, Pasán J, Jiménez-Abizanda AI, Kaskel S, Senkovska I, Pino V. Thin-film microextraction using the metal-organic framework DUT-52 for determining endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jia W, Zhang M, Zhu J, Shi L. Strategies for studying in vivo biochemical formation pathways and multilevel distributions of sulfanilamide metabolites in food (2012-2022). Food Chem 2022; 388:133039. [PMID: 35489175 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamide metabolites are a major source of food pollution worldwide. However, the formation of internal sulfanilamide metabolites has only been investigated for selected compounds. In this paper, the fragmentation mechanism and characteristic ions of sulfonamide metabolites are reviewed using density functional theory and Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The result of the protonation site, rearrangement and bond breaking induced fragmentations at C6H6NO2S+m/z 156.01138, C6H6NO+m/z 108.04439, and C6H6N+m/z 92.04948. Mass shifts are calculated for derivative metabolites, including hydrogenation, acetylation, oxidation, glucosylation, glucosidation, sulfation, deamination, formylation, desulfonation and O-aminomethylation. Given their homologous series, it is demonstrated that similar metabolic reactions occur for all sulfonamides. The suspicious sulfonamide metabolites are confirmed by d-labelling experiments and reference standards. This is the first review of the latest advances in the field of sulfonamide metabolite prediction (2012-2022), and scheme design for metabolite multirresidue screening, as well as the challenges in the mass spectrometry evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Preparation and properties of hemoglobin (Hb)-imprinted poly (ionic liquid)s via seATRP in only 5 μL Volumes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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13
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Separation and Enrichment of Selected Polar and Non-Polar Organic Micro-Pollutants—The Dual Nature of Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquid. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the dual nature of quaternary ammonium ionic liquid–didecyldimethylammonium perchlorate, [DDA][ClO4], was evaluated. A novel and sensitive in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method (in situ IL-DLLME) combined with magnetic retrieval (MR) was applied to enrich and separate selected organic micro-pollutants, both polar and non-polar. The magnetic support relied on using unmodified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) prepared by the co-precipitation of Fe2+/Fe3+ (Fe3O4). The separation technique was on-lined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC–DAD) verified by inverse gas chromatography. An anion exchanger, NaClO4, was added to form an in situ hydrophobic IL. The fine droplets of [DDA][ClO4], molded in aqueous samples, functioned as an extractant for isolating the studied compounds. Then the carrier MNPs were added to separate the IL from the water matrix. The supernatant-free sample was desorbed in acetonitrile (MeCN) and injected into the HPLC system. The applicability of [DDA][ClO4] as an extraction solvent in the MR in situ IL-DLLME method was checked by the selectivity parameters (Sij∞) at infinite dilution. The detection limit (LOD) ranged from 0.011 to 0.079 µg L−1 for PAHs and from 0.012 to 0.020 µg L−1 for benzophenones. The method showed good linearity with correlation coefficients (r2) ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9999.
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Cirrincione M, Lucena R, Protti M, Mercolini L, Cárdenas S. Potential of hydrophobic paper-based sorptive phase prepared by in-situ thermal imidization for the extraction of methadone from oral fluid samples. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463166. [PMID: 35623193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based sorptive phases (PSPs) are functional planar materials with a demonstrated potential in analytical sample preparation. This article describes the synthesis of a polyimide coated paper by an in-situ imidization at a high temperature. Polyimides (PI) are synthesized in two subsequent steps where a hydrophilic polymer, in this case, poly(amic acid) (PAA), is formed as an intermediate product. PAA is finally transformed into hydrophobic PI by thermal curing at 180 °C. The synthesis of PI-paper takes advantage of this two-step procedure. In the first stage, a segment of filter paper is immersed into an aqueous PAA solution. After the solvent evaporation, the paper is heated at 180 °C for 1 h inducing the formation of the hydrophobic PI over the cellulose fibers. Infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterize the synthesized materials by defining a coverage factor F. The hydrophobicity of the materials has been studied using an aqueous methylene blue solution as a marker. To fully demonstrate the usefulness of the material in the sample preparation field, the extraction of methadone from oral fluid (OF) samples has been considered as a model analytical problem. The main variables affecting the synthesis (PAA concentration on the precursor solution and number of dips) and the extraction (elution and extraction times) have been fully evaluated. Working under the optimum conditions, a limit of quantification of 9 µg/L, intraday and interday precision better than 14.6%, and accuracy in the range of 87-108% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cirrincione
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, España; Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, España
| | - Michele Protti
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, España.
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Hu W, Chen Y, Xia L, Hu Y, Li G. Flexible membrane composite based on sepiolite/chitosan/(silver nanoparticles) for enrichment and surface-enhanced Raman scattering determination of sulfamethoxazole in animal-derived food. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:199. [PMID: 35469076 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sepiolite/chitosan/silver nanoparticles (Sep/CTs/AgNPs) membrane substrate has been developed for the fast separation, enrichment, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) determination of sulfamethoxazole all-in-one. The Sep/CTs/AgNPs membrane substrate possessed the ability of rapid separation and enrichment to simplify the process for pretreatment and improve the efficiency of analysis. The grown AgNPs can provide abundant hot spots and plasmonic areas to amplify the Raman signals of target molecules effectively. The membrane substrate exhibited good stability with relative standard deviations of 5.8% and 7.1% to same batch and different batches membrane substrate, respectively, by detecting sulfamethoxazole. The SERS method based on Sep/CTs/AgNPs membrane substrate was used for the determination of sulfamethoxazole with a linear range of 0.05-2.0 mg/L, and the limit of detection was 0.020 mg/L. The established SERS method was finally applied to the quantification of sulfamethoxazole in animal-derived food samples. Sulfamethoxazole was actually found in crucian sample with 12.4 μg/kg, and the result was confirmed by a high-performance liquid chromatography method with relative error of 5.3%. The whole process of analysis can be finished within 25 min with recoveries of 89.3-102.2%. The SERS method based on Sep/CTs/AgNPs membrane substrate provided an integrated strategy for rapid and accurate SERS analysis in food safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yufei Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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