A low-cost high-entropy porous CrO/CrN/C biosensor for highly sensitive simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid

A Dopamine Detection Sensor Based on Au-Decorated NiS2 and Its Medical Application

This article reports a simple hydrothermal method for synthesizing nickel disulfide (NiS2) on the surface of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, followed by the deposition of 5 nm Au nanoparticles on the electrode surface by physical vapor deposition. This process ensures the uniform distribution of Au nanoparticles on the NiS2 surface to enhance its conductivity. Finally, an Au@NiS2-FTO electrochemical biosensor is obtained for the detection of dopamine (DA). The composite material is characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the sensor are investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and time current curves in a 0.1 M PBS solution (pH = 7.3). In the detection of DA, Au@NiS2-FTO exhibits a wide linear detection range (0.1~1000 μM), low detection limit (1 nM), and fast response time (0.1 s). After the addition of interfering substances, such as glucose, L-ascorbic acid, uric acid, CaCl2, NaCl, and KCl, the electrode potential remains relatively unchanged, demonstrating its strong anti-interference capability. It also demonstrates strong sensitivity and reproducibility. The obtained Au@NiS2-FTO provides a simple and easy-to-operate example for constructing nanometer catalysts with enzyme-like properties. These results provide a promising method utilizing Au coating to enhance the conductivity of transition metal sulfides.

Flexible Aqueous Cr-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with Remarkable Electrochemical Properties in all Climates

The integration of hostless battery-like metal anodes for hybrid supercapacitors is a realistic design method for energy storage devices with promising future applications. With significant Cr element deposits on Earth, exceptionally high theoretical capacity (1546 mAh g-1), and accessible redox potential (-0.74 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) of Cr metals, the design of Cr anodes has rightly come into our focus. This work presents a breakthrough design of a flexible Cr-ion hybrid supercapacitor (CHSC) based on a porous graphitized carbon fabric (PGCF) substrate prepared by K2FeO4 activation. In the CHSC device, PGCF acts as both a current collector and cathode material due to its high specific surface area and superior conductivity. The use of a highly concentrated LiCl-CrCl3 electrolyte with high Cr plating/stripping efficiency and excellent antifreeze properties enables the entire PGCF-based CHSC to achieve well-balanced performance in terms of energy density (up to 1.47 mWh cm-2), power characteristics (reaching 9.95 mW cm-2) and durability (95.4 % capacity retention after 30,000 cycles), while realizing it to work well under harsh conditions of -40 °C. This work introduces a new concept for low-temperature energy storage technology and confirms the potential application of Cr anodes in hybrid supercapacitors.

Electrospun cobalt-doped 2D-MoSe2/polypyrrole hybrid-based carbon nanofibers as electrochemical sensing platforms

A novel cobalt-doped two-dimensional molybdenum diselenide/polypyrrole hybrid-based carbon nanofiber (Co/MoSe2/PPy@CNF) was prepared using the hydrothermal method followed by electrospinning technique. The structural and morphological properties of the 2D-TMD@CNF-based hybrids were characterized through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Co-MoSe2/PPy@CNF exhibited large surface area, porous structure, and improved active sites due to the synergistic effect of the components. The electrochemical and electrocatalytic characteristics of the 2D-TMD@CNF-modified electrodes were also investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The Co/MoSe2/PPy@CNF electrode was used as an electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) and showed enhanced catalytic activity and sensitivity. Using DPV measurements, the Co/MoSe2/PPy@CNF demonstrated wide linear ranges of 30-3212 μM for AA, 1.2-536 μM for DA, and 10-1071 μM for UA with low detection limits of 6.32, 0.45, and 0.81 μM, respectively. The developed sensor with the Co/MoSe2/PPy@CNF-modified electrode was also applied to a human urine sample and gave recoveries ranging from 94.0 to 105.5% (n = 3) for AA, DA, and UA. Furthermore, the Co/MoSe2/PPy@CNF-based sensor exhibited good selectivity and reproducibility for the detection of AA, DA, and UA.

Dendrimer-Gold Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Detection of Dopamine

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter and biomarker that plays a vital role in our neurological system and body. Thus, it is important to monitor the concentration levels of dopamine in our bodies. We report an aptamer-based sensor fabricated through an electro-co-deposition of a generation 3 poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Through self-assembly, a single-stranded thiolated dopamine aptamer was immobilized on the GC/PPI/AuNPs electrode to prepare an aptasensor. Voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the modified electrodes. The readout for the biorecognition event between the aptamer and various dopamine concentrations was attained from square wave voltammetry and EIS. The aptasensor detected dopamine from the range of 10-200 nM, with a limit of detection of 0.26 and 0.011 nM from SWV and EIS, respectively. The aptasensor was selective toward dopamine when different amounts of epinephrine and ascorbic acid were present. The aptasensor was applicable in a more complex matrix of human serum.

Swellable Array Strategy Based on Designed Flexible Double Hypercross-linked Polymers for Synergistic Adsorption of Toluene and Formaldehyde

High-capacity adsorption and removal of complex volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from real-world environments is a tough challenge for researchers. Herein, a swellable array adsorption strategy was proposed to realize the synergistic adsorption of toluene and formaldehyde on the flexible double hypercross-linked polymers (FD-HCPs). FD-HCPs exhibited multiple adsorption sites awarded by a hydrophobic benzene ring/pyrrole ring and a hydrophilic hydroxyl structural unit. The array benzene ring, hydroxyl, and pyrrole N sites in FD-HCPs effectively captured toluene and formaldehyde molecules through π-π conjugation and electrostatic interaction and weakened their mutual competitive adsorption. Interestingly, the strong binding force of toluene molecules to the skeleton deformed the pore structure of FD-HCPs and generated new adsorption microenvironments for the other adsorbate. This behavior significantly improved the adsorption capacity of FD-HCPs for toluene and formaldehyde by 20% under multiple VOCs. Moreover, the pyrrole group in FD-HCPs greatly hindered H₂O molecule diffusion in the pore, thus efficiently weakening the competitive adsorption of H₂O toward VOCs. These fascinating properties enabled FD-HCPs to achieve synergistic adsorption for multicomponent VOC vapor under a highly humid environment and overcame single-species VOC adsorption properties on state-of-the-art porous adsorbents. This work provides the practical feasibility of synergistic adsorption to remove complex VOCs in real-world environments.

Construction of a nano dispersed Cr/Fe-polycrystalline sensor via high-energy mechanochemistry for simultaneous electrochemical determination of dopamine and uric acid

A bimetallic polycrystalline sensor (Cr/Fe-SNCM) having nanosized and high dispersion was designed and used for the electrochemical simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Catalytic nanosized Cr/Fe were highly anchored on N/S/O-contained porous carbon with high dispersion and polycrystalline Cr/Fe via energetic mechanochemical method and high-temperature carbonization. The obtained Cr/Fe-SNCM exhibited high graphitized carbon supporter and endowed high electron transport and signal output for the whole sensor. Moreover, highly dispersed Cr/Fe sites and the polycrystalline form (metal-N/S/O) efficiently enhanced the catalytic reaction, leading to a limits of detection (based on the 3σ/m criterion) of 25.8 and 22.5 nM for DA and UA, respectively. This is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than many state-of-the-art reported sensors. The Cr/Fe-SNCM_1.0 sensor exhibited wide working range (0.1 to 10.0 μM), high recovery (96-103%) and low relative standard deviation (RSD = 3.2-4.7%) for DA and UA in real serum samples, possessing high significance for practical large-scale applications.

Selective non-enzymatic uric acid sensing in the presence of dopamine: electropolymerized poly-pyrrole modified with a reduced graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS composite

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with uric acid cavities increases the selectivity of uric acid measurement in the presence of dopamine as an interferent.