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Pajić T, Todorović NV, Živić M, Nikolić SN, Rabasović MD, Clayton AHA, Krmpot AJ. Label-free third harmonic generation imaging and quantification of lipid droplets in live filamentous fungi. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18760. [PMID: 36335164 PMCID: PMC9637149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the utilization of Third-Harmonic Generation microscopy for label-free live cell imaging of lipid droplets in the hypha of filamentous fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. THG microscopy images showed bright spherical features dispersed throughout the hypha cytoplasm in control conditions and a transient increase in the number of bright features after complete nitrogen starvation. Colocalization analysis of THG and lipid-counterstained images disclosed that the cytoplasmic particles were lipid droplets. Particle Size Analysis and Image Correlation Spectroscopy were used to quantify the number density and size of lipid droplets. The two analysis methods both revealed an increase from 16 × 10-3 to 23 × 10-3 lipid droplets/µm2 after nitrogen starvation and a decrease in the average size of the droplets (range: 0.5-0.8 µm diameter). In conclusion, THG imaging, followed by PSA and ICS, can be reliably used for filamentous fungi for the in vivo quantification of lipid droplets without the need for labeling and/or fixation. In addition, it has been demonstrated that ICS is suitable for THG microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Pajić
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11158 Serbia
| | - Nataša V. Todorović
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Miroslav Živić
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11158 Serbia
| | - Stanko N. Nikolić
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
| | - Mihailo D. Rabasović
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
| | - Andrew H. A. Clayton
- grid.1027.40000 0004 0409 2862Department of Physics and Astronomy, Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Aleksandar J. Krmpot
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
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Jay L, Bourget JM, Goyer B, Singh K, Brunette I, Ozaki T, Proulx S. Characterization of tissue-engineered posterior corneas using second- and third-harmonic generation microscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125564. [PMID: 25918849 PMCID: PMC4412819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional tissues, such as the cornea, are now being engineered as substitutes for the rehabilitation of vision in patients with blinding corneal diseases. Engineering of tissues for translational purposes requires a non-invasive monitoring to control the quality of the resulting biomaterial. Unfortunately, most current methods still imply invasive steps, such as fixation and staining, to clearly observe the tissue-engineered cornea, a transparent tissue with weak natural contrast. Second- and third-harmonic generation imaging are well known to provide high-contrast, high spatial resolution images of such tissues, by taking advantage of the endogenous contrast agents of the tissue itself. In this article, we imaged tissue-engineered corneal substitutes using both harmonic microscopy and classic histopathology techniques. We demonstrate that second- and third-harmonic imaging can non-invasively provide important information regarding the quality and the integrity of these partial-thickness posterior corneal substitutes (observation of collagen network, fibroblasts and endothelial cells). These two nonlinear imaging modalities offer the new opportunity of monitoring the engineered corneas during the entire process of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jay
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec, Canada and Département d’ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Bourget
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec, Canada and Département d’ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Goyer
- Axe médecine régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Quebec, Canada and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval / LOEX, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec, Canada and Département d’ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Brunette
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Quebec, Canada and Département d’ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tsuneyuki Ozaki
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Axe médecine régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Quebec, Canada and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval / LOEX, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Mari M, Filippidis G, Palikaras K, Petanidou B, Fotakis C, Tavernarakis N. Imaging ectopic fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans muscles using nonlinear microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:523-8. [PMID: 25900261 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of metabolic syndrome, a complex of pathological conditions including type-2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, is an important issue with high biological significance and requires accurate methods capable of monitoring lipid storage distribution and dynamics in vivo. In this study, the nonlinear phenomena of second and third harmonic generation (SHG, THG) have been employed simultaneously as label-free, nondestructive diagnostic techniques, for the monitoring and the complementary three-dimensional (3D) imaging and analysis of the muscular areas and the lipid content localization. THG microscopy was used as a quantitative tool in order to record the accumulation of lipids in nonadipose tissues in the pharyngeal muscles of 18 Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) specimens, while the SHG imaging provided the detailed anatomical information about the structure of the muscles. The ectopic accumulation of fat on the pharyngeal muscles increases in wild-type (N2) C. elegans between 1 and 9 days of adulthood. This suggests a correlation of ectopic fat accumulation with the process of aging. Our results can contribute to the unraveling of the link between the deposition of ectopic fat and aging, but mainly to the validation of SHG and THG microscopy modalities as new, noninvasive tools to localize and quantify selectively lipid formation and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi Mari
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece
| | - George Filippidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece
| | - Barbara Petanidou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece.,Physics Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece
| | - Costas Fotakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece.,Physics Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece.,Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece
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Selimis A, Tserevelakis GJ, Kogou S, Pouli P, Filippidis G, Sapogova N, Bityurin N, Fotakis C. Nonlinear microscopy techniques for assessing the UV laser polymer interactions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3990-3996. [PMID: 22418156 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new diagnostic approach for assessing the in-depth laser induced modifications upon ultraviolet polymer irradiation is presented. The methodology relies on the observation of morphological alterations in the bulk material (Paraloid B72) by using third harmonic generation. This non destructive methodology allows the detailed and accurate imaging of the structurally laser modified zone extent in the vicinity of the irradiated area. Additionally, for the first time, the visualization and quantitative determination of the contour of the laser-induced swelling/bulk material interface is reported. The observed polymer surface swelling following single-pulse KrF laser irradiation at sub-ablation fluences is interpreted in the context of a model for laser-induced bubble formation due to droplet explosion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Selimis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), P.O. Box 1385, Heraklion, 71110, Greece.
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Mojzisova H, Vermot J. When multiphoton microscopy sees near infrared. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2011; 21:549-57. [PMID: 21924603 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The need for quantification and real time visualization of developmental processes has called for increasingly sophisticated imaging techniques. Among them, multiphoton microscopy reveals itself to be an extremely versatile tool owing to its unique ability to combine fluorescent imaging, laser ablation, and higher harmonic generation. Furthermore, recent advances in femtosecond lasers and optical parametric oscillators (OPO) are now opening doors for imaging at unprecedented wavelengths centered in the tissue transparency window. This Review describes promising multiphoton approaches using OPO and the growing number of useful applications of non-linear microscopy in the field of developmental biology. Basic characteristics associated with these techniques are described along with the main experimental challenges when applied to embryo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Mojzisova
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Inserm U964, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch F-67404, France
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Advances in multiphoton microscopy for imaging embryos. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2011; 21:538-48. [PMID: 21917444 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton imaging is a promising approach for addressing current issues in systems biology and high-content investigation of embryonic development. Recent advances in multiphoton microscopy, including light-sheet illumination, optimized laser scanning, adaptive and label-free strategies, open new opportunities for embryo imaging. However, the literature is often unclear about which microscopy technique is most adapted for achieving specific experimental goals. In this review, we describe and discuss the key concepts of imaging speed, imaging depth, photodamage, and nonlinear contrast mechanisms in the context of recent advances in live embryo imaging. We illustrate the potentials of these new imaging approaches with a selection of recent applications in developmental biology.
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Tkaczyk ER, Tkaczyk AH. Multiphoton flow cytometry strategies and applications. Cytometry A 2011; 79:775-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tserevelakis GJ, Filippidis G, Megalou EV, Fotakis C, Tavernarakis N. Cell tracking in live Caenorhabditis elegans embryos via third harmonic generation imaging microscopy measurements. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:046019. [PMID: 21529088 DOI: 10.1117/1.3569615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the potential of employing third harmonic generation (THG) imaging microscopy measurements for cell tracking studies in live Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) embryos. A 1028-nm femtosecond laser was used for the excitation of unstained C. elegans samples. Different C. elegans embryonic stages (from two-cell to threefold) were imaged. Live biological specimens were irradiated for prolonged periods of time (up to 7 h), testifying to the nondestructive nature of this nonlinear imaging technique. Thus, THG image contrast modality is a powerful diagnostic tool for probing in vivo cell division during early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Tserevelakis
- Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, PO Box 1385, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece
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Aviles-Espinosa R, Santos SICO, Brodschelm A, Kaenders WG, Alonso-Ortega C, Artigas D, Loza-Alvarez P. Third-harmonic generation for the study of Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:046020. [PMID: 20799822 DOI: 10.1117/1.3477535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Live microscopy techniques (i.e., differential interference contrast, confocal microscopy, etc.) have enabled the understanding of the mechanisms involved in cells and tissue formation. In long-term studies, special care must be taken in order to avoid sample damage, restricting the applicability of the different microscopy techniques. We demonstrate the potential of using third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy for morphogenesis/embryogenesis studies in living Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Moreover, we show that the THG signal is obtained in all the embryo development stages, showing different tissue/structure information. For this research, we employ a 1550-nm femtosecond fiber laser and demonstrate that the expected water absorption at this wavelength does not severely compromise sample viability. Additionally, this has the important advantage that the THG signal is emitted at visible wavelengths (516 nm). Therefore, standard collection optics and detectors operating near maximum efficiency enable an optimal signal reconstruction. All this, to the best of our knowledge, demonstrates for the first time the noninvasiveness and strong potential of this particular wavelength to be used for high-resolution four-dimensional imaging of embryogenesis using unstained C. elegans in vivo samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aviles-Espinosa
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Mediterranean Technology Park, Barcelona, Spain
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