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Gökbulut N, Cengizhan SÖ, Akça EI, Ceran E. The effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and deep relaxation exercises on pregnancy-related anxiety levels: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract 2024; 30:e13238. [PMID: 38279199 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to examine the effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program and deep relaxation exercises on pregnancy-related anxiety levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized parallel-group controlled trial was conducted with 95 pregnant women (MBSR: n = 32, deep relaxation exercises: n = 31, control: n = 32) between 1 August and 15 October 2022 with pregnant women who were registered at the pregnancy outpatient clinics of a hospital in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye. CONSORT guidelines were followed in our study. The participants in the MBSR group were given an eight-session MBSR program, consisting of two sessions per week for 4 weeks, whereas the participants in the deep relaxation exercises group were asked to do exercises at home with deep relaxation videos four times a week for 4 weeks. The participants in the control group received only routine prenatal care. RESULTS The mean PRAQ-R2 Fear of Giving Birth subscale scores of the participants in the MBSR and deep relaxation exercises groups after the intervention were lower than that of the participants in the control group. Additionally, the mean total PRAQ-R2, PRAQ-R2 Worries about Bearing a Physically or Mentally Handicapped Child subscale and PRAQ-R2 Concern about One's Own Appearance subscale scores of the participants in the MBSR group were found to be significantly lower than the scores of those in the deep relaxation exercises and control groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The MBSR program is an effective method for reducing pregnancy-related anxiety levels. Additionally, deep relaxation exercises are alternative practices for reducing the fear of giving birth among pregnant women. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05447000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Gökbulut
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Sıdıka Özlem Cengizhan
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Emine Ibici Akça
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Ceran
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
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Güven Santur S, Özşahin Z. The Effects of Emotional Freedom Techniques Implemented During Early Pregnancy on Nausea-Vomiting Severity and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:858-868. [PMID: 38531058 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on the severity of nausea-vomiting and anxiety in early pregnancy. Design: The sample consisted of 131 pregnant women in the experimental and control groups between 6 and 16 weeks of pregnancy attending an antenatal clinic. Participants were randomly assigned to receive training on EFT or a control group. Data were collected using a personal information form, subjective experiences, the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire, and the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis. Both groups attended two visits, a week apart. The participants in the EFT group received a session of EFT at each visit and completed two EFT sessions as home assignments, 2 and 4 days after the first visit. The participants in the control group attended two visits a week apart and completed assessments but did not receive EFT. Results: There were 55 women in each group who completed the study, and the groups were similar in terms of baseline measures, including socioeconomic status, smoking status, previous pregnancy, severity of nausea-vomiting, and total pregnancy-related anxiety. EFT significantly reduced anxiety levels from the baseline to the second session (fear of delivery, worries about bearing a handicapped child, concern about one's own appearance) and total pregnancy-related anxiety (total pretest 29.85 ± 9.87, post-test 20.67 ± 8.38; p < 0.001), while the control group showed no reduction in pregnancy-related anxiety (total pretest 26.1 ± 7.79, post-test 25.98 ± 8.49; p = 0.933). Although nausea-vomiting was reduced in both groups over the two-session period, at the end of treatment, the EFT group had significantly lower nausea intensity (EFT group 4.4 ± 1.81, control group 5.36 ± 2.48; p = 0.02). Conclusions: EFT is a nonpharmacologic intervention that can be effective in reducing nausea, vomiting, and anxiety in early pregnancy. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT05337852.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Güven Santur
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Özşahin
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Gökbulut N, Aksoy Derya Y. Effects of foot-massage in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum on severity of nausea-vomiting and anxiety. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023:1-20. [PMID: 38099324 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2291412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the effects of foot massage performed on pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum on the severity of nausea and vomiting and pregnancy-related anxiety. MATERIAL AND METHOD This randomised controlled study was conducted between February and November 2020 with 104 pregnant women hospitalised in the pregnant women follow-up service ward of a public hospital in eastern Turkey with the diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum. Data were obtained from the pregnant women who were given a 'Personal Information Form' and before and after each application by using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) Test and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale-Revision 2 (PRAQ-R2). RESULTS Before foot massage, the pre-test mean PUQE total, PRAQR-2 total, and PRAQR2 fear of childbirth and concerns about physical appearance dimension scores of the participants in the experimental and control groups were similar (p > 0.05), It was determined that the PRAQR2 fear of having a disabled child control group had significantly higher pre-test scores compared to the massage group (p < 0.05). After foot massage, the severity of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the participants in the experimental group compared to those in the control group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the mean PRAQR2 total and dimension scores of the participants in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings support the use of the foot massage is an effective intervention in reducing the severity of nausea and vomiting and pregnancy-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Gökbulut
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cankırı Karatekin University, Cankırı, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Aksoy Derya
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Li P, Ma X, Han S, Kawagoe I, Ruetzler K, Lal A, Cao L, Duan R, Li J. Risk factors for failure of conversion from epidural labor analgesia to cesarean section anesthesia and general anesthesia incidence: an updated meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2278020. [PMID: 37926901 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2278020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ongoing controversies persist regarding risk factors associated with the failure of transition from epidural labor analgesia to cesarean section anesthesia, including the duration of labor analgesia, gestational age, and body mass index (BMI). This study aims to provide an updated analysis of the incidence of conversion from epidural analgesia to general anesthesia, while evaluating and analyzing potential risk factors contributing to the failure of this transition to cesarean section anesthesia. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search utilizing databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANGFANG, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) up to September 30, 2022. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA 15.1 software. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the 11-item quality assessment scale recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). RESULTS A total of 9,926 studies were initially retrieved, and after rigorous selection, 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall incidence of conversion from epidural analgesia to general anesthesia was found to be 6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5-8%). Our findings indicate that, when compared to patients in the successful conversion group, those in the failure group tended to be younger (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -1.571, 95% CI: -1.116 to -0.975) and taller (WMD = 0.893, 95% CI: 0.018-1.767). Additionally, the failure group exhibited a higher incidence of incomplete block in epidural anesthesia, received a higher dosage of additional epidural administration, experienced a greater rate of emergency cesarean sections, and received anesthesia more frequently from non-obstetric anesthesiologists. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in gestational age, depth of the catheter insertion into the skin, epidural catheter specifics, duration of epidural analgesia, infusion rate of epidural analgesia, primiparity status, cervical dilatation during epidural placement, BMI, or weight. CONCLUSION Our study found that the incidence of conversion from epidural analgesia to cesarean section under general anesthesia was 6%. Notably, the failure group exhibited a higher rate of incomplete block in epidural anesthesia, a greater incidence of emergency cesarean sections, a more frequent provision of anesthesia by non-obstetric anesthesiologists, a higher dosage of epidural administration, and greater height when compared to the success group. Conversely, women in the failure group were younger in age compared to their counterparts in the success group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoting Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Izumi Kawagoe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kurt Ruetzler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amos Lal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Longlu Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianli Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Akdağ B, Erdem D, Bektaş M, Yardımcı F. Maternal prenatal attachment during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the roles of pregnancy-related anxiety, risk perception, and well-being. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:651-658. [PMID: 37407838 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women have faced novel physical and mental health risks during the pandemic. This situation is remarkable because a parent's emotional bond with their unborn baby (also known as prenatal attachment) is related to the parent's mental state. Prenatal attachment helps parents psychologically prepare for the transition into parenthood. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in the future parentchild relationship and psychosocial development of the baby. Based on the available literature, the current study integrated risk perception theories with mental health indicators to examine maternal prenatal attachment during the pandemic. Pregnant women (n = 258) completed the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revision 2 (PRAQ-R2), the WHO Well-being Index (WHO-5), the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), and answered questions about COVID-19 risk perception. The findings illustrated that pregnancy-related anxiety was positively associated with maternal prenatal attachment. Moreover, COVID-19 risk perception and well-being mediated this relationship. In other words, the higher levels of pregnancy-related anxiety were associated with increased COVID-19 risk perception and decreased well-being, inhibiting prenatal attachment in pregnant women. Considering the importance of prenatal attachment, it is crucial to understand the experiences of pregnant women and develop policies for promoting prenatal attachment, especially during challenging times such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhan Akdağ
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Silifke State Hospital, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Erdem
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya Training and Research Hospital, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Yardımcı
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Anxiety during the pregnancy and affecting factors: a cross-sectional study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:301-309. [PMID: 35585212 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have shown that anxiety in the perinatal period leads to preterm birth and negatively affects mother and fetus. Understanding prenatal anxiety and associated factors may help develop screening strategies to identify high-risk women needing intervention during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine the pregnancy-related, state, and trait anxiety in the prenatal period and affecting factors. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted with 203 pregnant women between May 20 and November 30, 2019. Data were collected using socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics data collection form, Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised-2 (PRAQ-R2), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-I and II (STAI-I and STAI-II). RESULTS We found statistically significant correlations between age, employment, and parity with fear of giving birth subscale of PRAQ-R2. Pregnant women's mean scale scores were 35.42 ± 9.11 for STAI-I, 42.21 ± 8.21 for STAI-II, and 25.63 ± 8.58 for PRAQ-R2. We found a positive correlation between PRAQ-R2 scale scores and STAI-I, STAI-II scale scores of pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Age, parity, income, planning status of the pregnancy, and employment status affected the anxiety levels of pregnant women. Assessing the anxiety with multiple validated tools helps clarify the cause of the anxiety and allows to plan appropriate interventions.
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Xie T, Han L, Wu J, Dai J, Fan X, Liu J, Liu Y, Bai J. Psychometric evaluation of the pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire—revised 2 for Chinese pregnant women. Midwifery 2022; 112:103411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Dosani A, Yim IS, Shaikh K, Lalani S, Alcantara J, Letourneau N, Premji SS. Psychometric analysis of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire in Pakistani pregnant women. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 72:103066. [PMID: 35334284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PRAQ) are frequently used perinatal mental health scales. OBJECTIVE To identify the factor structure of the Urdu language versions of EPDS and PRAQ in 280 Pakistani pregnant women. METHOD The tools were administered at 12-19 weeks' and 22-29 weeks' gestational age (GA). Exploratory factor analyses were undertaken on data collected at 12-19 weeks' GA, to assess both scales. Results obtained at the second time point were used to examine test-retest reliability. The correlation between the scales was computed. RESULTS A two-factor model yielded the best fit for both scales, which is consistent with findings from previous studies. For the EPDS, acceptable reliability was attained for the overall score (α = 0.77) and for the factor related to depressive symptoms (α = 0.73), but not for the factor related to anhedonia/suicide (α = 0.64). For the PRAQ, acceptable reliability was attained for the overall score (α = 0.83) and for the factor related to pregnancy concerns (α = 0.84), but not for the factor related to childbirth (α = 0.64). Test-retest reliability was acceptable for both overall scales EPDS: r = 0.50; PRAQ: r = 0.45; both p < .001). The Pearson correlation between the EPDS and PRAQ were r = 0.145, p < .05. CONCLUSION Analysis of the tools confirmed a two-factor structure for both depression and anxiety among Pakistani pregnant women. A weak correlation was found between the EPDS and PRAQ. Further research is required to develop screening instruments for perinatal mental disorders that are applicable to cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah Dosani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T3E 6K6 Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6 Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3rd Floor TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6 Canada.
| | - Ilona S Yim
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4562 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kiran Shaikh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P/O Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sharifa Lalani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P/O Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Jade Alcantara
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T3E 6K6 Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6 Canada; Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta,T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Shahirose S Premji
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, York University, Health, Nursing & Environmental Studies Building, Room 313, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
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Erkal Aksoy Y, Bay H, Dereli Yilmaz S. Factors Affecting Primiparous Women’s Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Levels. CLINICAL LACTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1891/cl-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONThe aim of this study is to reveal the factors affecting primiparous pregnant women’s breastfeeding self-efficacy levels. This is a descriptive correlational study.METHODThe sample included 512 primiparous pregnant women. A personal information form, the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire–Revised (PRAQ-R2) were used for data collection.RESULTSThe pregnant women’s mean total PBSES scores were found to differ significantly based on their descriptive and obstetric characteristics. There was a positive correlation between their mean PBSES scores and their MSPSS total and subscale mean scores. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between the participants’ mean total PBSES scores and their mean total PRAQ-R2 and “concern about own appearance” subscale scores. Place of residence for the longest time, pregnancy risk group, folic acid use before pregnancy, perceived family support, perceived support from friends and concern about own appearance were significant factors in explaining the variance in the pregnant women’s PBSES total scores.DISCUSSIONBoth descriptive and obstetric characteristics of the primiparous pregnant women affected their breastfeeding self-efficacy levels. Social support was also determined to affect the participants’ breastfeeding self-efficacy levels positively, and whereas anxiety affected these levels negatively.
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Impact of urinary incontinence on anxiety status during pregnancy: a prospective case–control study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 270:227-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Michalik A, Wójcicka L, Zdun-Ryżewska A, Czerwińska-Osipiak A, Krzemiński M, Olszewska J, Klasa-Mazurkiewicz D, Huizink AC. Polish Adaptation of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 for All Pregnant Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:917. [PMID: 34356295 PMCID: PMC8307515 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-related anxiety (PrA) is a specific type of anxiety characteristic of the perinatal period. PrA can affect pregnancy and birth. However, no validated tool exists to measure PrA in Polish obstetric practice. The aim of this study was to translate the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2) into Polish and to evaluate its reliability and factorial and construct validity. This study was conducted in Poland as an online questionnaire in April 2020 and included 175 healthy women. To validate the PRAQ-R2, we used standardized tools for the measurement of general anxiety: the modified Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Scale reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Concurrent validity was evaluated by calculating Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. Statistical analyses were performed using R ver. 4.0.2. Values for comparative fit index >0.90, Tucker-Lewis index >0.90, and root mean square error of approximation <0.08 indicated acceptable model fit, confirming the reliability of the three-factor structure of the translation. The subscales and total scores had good consistency (α > 0.7), and convergent validity was demonstrated. The PRAQ-R2 as translated into Polish represents the first validated tool in Poland to measure PrA for all pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michalik
- Department of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (L.W.); (A.C.-O.); (J.O.)
| | - Lucyna Wójcicka
- Department of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (L.W.); (A.C.-O.); (J.O.)
| | - Agata Zdun-Ryżewska
- Department of Quality of Life Research, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Czerwińska-Osipiak
- Department of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (L.W.); (A.C.-O.); (J.O.)
| | - Michał Krzemiński
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Olszewska
- Department of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (L.W.); (A.C.-O.); (J.O.)
| | - Dagmara Klasa-Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Gynaecology, Oncologic Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Anja C. Huizink
- Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vázquez MB, Míguez MC. Spanish Brief Version of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire: PRAQ-20. CLÍNICA Y SALUD 2021. [DOI: 10.5093/clysa2020a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Aksoy Derya Y, Altiparmak S, AkÇa E, GÖkbulut N, Yilmaz AN. Pregnancy and birth planning during COVID-19: The effects of tele-education offered to pregnant women on prenatal distress and pregnancy-related anxiety. Midwifery 2021; 92:102877. [PMID: 33157497 PMCID: PMC7831526 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to examine pregnancy and birth planning during COVID-19 and the effects of a tele-education offered to pregnant women for this planning process on prenatal distress and pregnancy-related anxiety. METHOD The population of this quasi-experimental study was composed of pregnant women who applied for the antenatal education class of a public hospital in the east of Turkey during their past prenatal follow-ups and wrote their contact details in the registration book to participate in group trainings. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 96 pregnant women, including 48 in the experiment and 48 in the control groups, who were selected using power analysis and non-probability random sampling method. The data were collected between April 22 and May 13, 2020 using a "Personal Information Form", the "Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (NuPDQ)" and the "Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2)". An individual tele-education (interactive education and consultancy provided by phone calls, text message and digital education booklet) was provided to the pregnant women in the experiment group for one week. No intervention was administered to those in the control group. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, min-max values) and t-test in dependent and independent groups. RESULTS The posttest NuPDQ total mean scores of pregnant women in the experiment and control groups were 8.75±5.10 and 11.50±4.91, respectively, whereby the difference between the groups was statistically significant (t=-2.689, p=0.008). Additionally, the difference between their mean scores on both PRAQ-R2 and its subscales of "fear of giving birth" and "worries of bearing a physically or mentally handicapped child" was statistically significant (p<0.05), where those in the experiment group had lower anxiety, fear of giving birth and worries of bearing a physically or mentally handicapped child. CONCLUSION The tele-education offered to the pregnant women for pregnancy and birth planning during COVID-19 decreased their prenatal distress and pregnancy-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim Aksoy Derya
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Sümeyye Altiparmak
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Emine AkÇa
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Nilay GÖkbulut
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Nur Yilmaz
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.
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Kurt G, Arslan H. Turkish version of the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale: A psychometric study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:157-166. [PMID: 32458429 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To adapt the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale (PrAS) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised of 400 pregnant women. The PrAS was translated using the methods of translation, back-translation, consensus meetings, and a trial of potential users. Then, its psychometric properties were evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. FINDINGS The PrAS consists of 33 items. Following the exploratory factor analysis, the two items in the scale were discarded because factor loads were less than 0.50, therefore, the number of items decreased from 33 to 31. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness-of-fit indices of the scale were found to be suitable. The internal consistency coefficient calculated for the reliability of the scale was .89. After correlating it with another scale for measuring pregnancy distress, the Turkish version of the PrAS shows discriminant validity. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The Turkish version of the PrAS is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to evaluate pregnancy-related-anxiety. The use of the PrAS in prenatal healthcare services will contribute to the early diagnosis, treatment, and management of pregnancy-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonul Kurt
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hamide Arslan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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15
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Sampaio F, Gonçalves P, Parola V, Sequeira C, Lluch Canut T. Nursing Process Addressing the Focus "Anxiety": A Scoping Review. Clin Nurs Res 2020; 30:1001-1011. [PMID: 33289397 DOI: 10.1177/1054773820979576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to map the body of literature on data, diagnoses and interventions addressing the nursing focus "anxiety." A scoping review methodology was employed. The Joanna Briggs guidelines for scoping reviews and PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews were followed. Electronic database searches (MEDLINE, CINAHL and Web of Science) located 829 articles. From the total of articles located, 165 were included. The nursing diagnosis "anxiety" can be considered a parent diagnosis, from which other children diagnoses are derived. Data that lead to nursing diagnoses in the anxiety domain can be divided into cognitive and somatic data. Some interventions, such as educational and music-based interventions, seem to be useful to address nursing diagnoses in the anxiety domain. The findings of this review can add substantial value for systematising the nursing process related to the focus "anxiety." Therefore, reaching consensus regarding this nursing process seems highly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sampaio
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Higher School of Health Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - NursID "Innovation and Development in Nursing" Research Group, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Gonçalves
- CINTESIS - NursID "Innovation and Development in Nursing" Research Group, Porto, Portugal.,Hospital de Magalhães Lemos, EPE, Porto, Portugal.,Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Parola
- Higher School of Health Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Sequeira
- CINTESIS - NursID "Innovation and Development in Nursing" Research Group, Porto, Portugal.,Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Lluch Canut
- University School of Nursing of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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The effect of relaxation exercises training on pregnancy-related anxiety after perinatal loss: A pilot randomized control trial✰. Explore (NY) 2020; 18:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Özşahin Z. The effects of adverse childhood experiences on pregnancy-related anxiety and acceptance of motherhood role. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1217-1228. [PMID: 33402968 PMCID: PMC7751528 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences are a factor that may cause physical illness and deterioration of lifelong well-being in addition to many mental and psychiatric problems in the future. It is important to question and treat them. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of adverse childhood experiences on pregnancy-related anxiety and acceptance of motherhood role. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 536 pregnant women. The data were collected using the "Personal Information Form", the "Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEQ)", the "Acceptance of Motherhood Role (AoMR)" subscale of the "Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ)" and the "Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2)". RESULTS It was found that those with high levels of negative childhood experience had higher levels of anxiety in pregnancy and lower acceptance of maternal role than the other groups (p<0.05). Additionally, a one-unit change in the AoMR score led to a 0.23-unit decrease in the ACEQ score, whereas a one-unit change in the PRAQ-R2 score led to a 0.57-unit increase in the ACEQ score (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Adverse childhood events increase pregnancy-related anxiety and negatively affect acceptance of motherhood role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Özşahin
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences Inonu University, Malatya / Turkey
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18
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Durgun Ozan Y, Alp Yilmaz F. Is there a relationship between basic birth beliefs and pregnancy-related anxiety in Turkey. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:2036-2042. [PMID: 32643257 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM It is important to investigate the relationship between the beliefs about birth as a natural or medical process and the pregnancy-related anxiety that has a powerful impact on the negative outcomes of labor. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between basic birth beliefs and pregnancy-related anxiety in Turkey. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted in a University hospital located in eastern Turkey. The study sample included 473 primiparae having completed 14 weeks of pregnancy. The Birth Belief Scale and Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire/PRAQ-R2 were used to collect the data. RESULTS A relationship was found between birth beliefs and pregnancy-related anxiety. Strong beliefs about birth as a medical process or weak beliefs about birth as a natural process were found to be related with fear of giving birth and worries about bearing a handicapped child. CONCLUSION A relationship was detected between beliefs of pregnant women about birth as a medical and natural process and fear of giving birth, worries about bearing a handicapped child., concern about own appearance. It is highly important to detect the birth beliefs in order to help women have a healthy pregnancy period and to decrease their anxiety levels. Pregnancy-related anxieties of women must be detected, and their birth beliefs that result in anxiety must not be overlooked during the provision of prenatal healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeter Durgun Ozan
- Nursing Department, Atatürk School of Health, Dıcle University, Dıyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Figen Alp Yilmaz
- Health Sciences Faculty, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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19
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Mudra S, Göbel A, Barthel D, Hecher K, Schulte-Markwort M, Goletzke J, Arck P, Diemert A. Psychometric properties of the German version of the pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire-revised 2 (PRAQ-R2) in the third trimester of pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:242. [PMID: 31296168 PMCID: PMC6625049 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy-related anxiety (PrA) has been identified as a construct distinct from general stress and anxiety with a negative impact on birth and child outcomes. Validated instruments with good psychometric properties to assess pregnancy-related anxiety in German-speaking expectant mothers are still lacking. The Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire revised for its use independent of parity (PRAQ-R2) assesses fear of giving birth (FoGB), worries of bearing a physically or mentally handicapped child (WaHC) and concerns about own appearance (CoA). The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the PRAQ-R2 in a German sample of pregnant women in their third pregnancy trimester. Methods The PRAQ-R2 and several questionnaires measuring different forms of anxiety as well as depressive symptoms and perceived general self-efficacy were administered cross-sectionally in a sample of nulliparous and parous women (N = 360) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Results Reliability was satisfactory to excellent for the PRAQ-R2 total scale (Cronbach’s α = .85) and the subscales (α = .77 to .90). Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis confirmed the three-factorial structure of the instrument. The three factors together explained 68% of variance. Construct validity was confirmed by positive low- to moderate-sized correlations of the PRAQ-R2 total score and the subscales with measurements of anxiety and depression and by negative low correlations with general self-efficacy. Conclusions The German version of the PRAQ-R2 is a valid and feasible measurement for pregnancy-related anxiety for research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mudra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - A Göbel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Barthel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Hecher
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Schulte-Markwort
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Goletzke
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Wang N, Deng Z, Wen LM, Ding Y, He G. Understanding the Use of Smartphone Apps for Health Information Among Pregnant Chinese Women: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e12631. [PMID: 31215516 PMCID: PMC6604500 DOI: 10.2196/12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-based health promotion resources to assist pregnant women in adopting a healthy lifestyle and optimizing gestational weight gain are important, but with limited effects. Increasingly, women are using mobile apps to access health information during the antenatal period. OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to investigate app-usage by Chinese women during pregnancy and to gain a better understanding of their views and attitudes toward apps containing health information. METHODS A mixed methods study design was applied. Study participants were recruited from 2 maternity hospitals in Shanghai, China, between March and July 2018. A self-administered Web-based survey was conducted with 535 pregnant Chinese women on their sources of health information and reasons for using apps during pregnancy. A total of 4 semistructured focus groups were also conducted with the pregnant women (n=28). RESULTS The use of pregnancy-related apps and the internet was common among the respondents. Almost half of the women had used pregnancy-related apps. Specifically, the use of apps for health information declined as pregnancy progressed from 70% (35/50) in the first trimester to 41.3% (143/346) in the third trimester. The main reason for using an app was to monitor fetal development (436/535, 81.5%), followed by learning about nutrition and recording diet in pregnancy (140/535, 26.2%). The women found that the apps were useful and convenient and can support lifestyle modifications during pregnancy. However, some apps also contained misinformation or incorrect information that could cause anxiety as reported by the participants. Many women expressed the need for developing an app containing evidence-based, well-informed, and tailored health information to support them during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that apps were widely used by many Chinese women during pregnancy to monitor fetal development, to obtain diet and physical activity information, and to track their body changes. The women highly appreciated the evidence-based information, expert opinions, and tailored advice available on apps. Smartphone apps have the potential to deliver health information for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Nursing Department, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zequn Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ming Wen
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yan Ding
- Nursing Department, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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