1
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Petkova T, Rusenova N, Danova S, Milanova A. Effect of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine on Activity of Doxycycline against Biofilm-Forming Bacterial Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1187. [PMID: 37508283 PMCID: PMC10376233 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-forming bacteria are associated with difficult-to-cure bacterial infections in veterinary patients. According to previous studies, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) showed an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation when it was applied in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones. The lack of information about the effect of NAC on doxycycline activity against biofilm-forming strains was the reason for conducting this study. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus O74, Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ATCC 27853 were used to evaluate the activity of doxycycline with and without addition of NAC on planktonic bacteria and on biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of doxycycline were not affected by NAC for Gram-negative strains and were found to be two times higher for the strains of S. aureus. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) for Gram-negative bacteria (2 μg/mL for E. coli ATCC 25922 and 32 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853), determined using a standard safranin colorimetric assay, were higher than the MICs (0.5 and 4 μg/mL, respectively). The data suggest that the combinations of doxycycline and NAC could stimulate the growth of planktonic cells of S. aureus and biofilm-forming E. coli ATCC 25922. NAC did not affect the strong inhibitory effect of doxycycline on the biofilm formation by the strains of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Petkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolina Rusenova
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Danova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, BAS, 26 Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aneliya Milanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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2
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Summer K, Browne J, Hollanders M, Benkendorff K. Out of control: The need for standardised solvent approaches and data reporting in antibiofilm assays incorporating dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO). Biofilm 2022; 4:100081. [PMID: 36060119 PMCID: PMC9428811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Summer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Terminal Drive, Bilinga, Qld, 4225, Australia
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| | - Jessica Browne
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Terminal Drive, Bilinga, Qld, 4225, Australia
| | - Matthijs Hollanders
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- QuantEcol, 53 Bentinck St, Ballina, NSW 2478, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
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3
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Perry TW. Cutaneous microbial biofilm formation as an underlying cause of red scrotum syndrome. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:95. [PMID: 34412706 PMCID: PMC8375042 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red scrotum syndrome is typically described as well-demarcated erythema of the anterior scrotum accompanied by persistent itching and burning. It is chronic and difficult to treat and contributes to significant psychological distress and reduction in quality of life. The medical literature surrounding the condition is sparse, with the prevalence likely under-recognized and the pathophysiology remaining poorly understood. Formation of a cutaneous microbial biofilm has not been proposed as an underlying etiology. Microbial biofilms can form whenever microorganisms are suspended in fluid on a surface for a prolonged time and are becoming increasingly recognized as important contributors to medical disease (e.g., chronic wounds). CASE PRESENTATION A 26-year-old man abruptly developed well-demarcated erythema of the bilateral scrotum after vaginal secretions were left covering the scrotum overnight. For 14 months, the patient experienced daily scrotal itching and burning while seeking care from multiple physicians and attempting numerous failed therapies. He eventually obtained complete symptomatic relief with the twice daily application of 0.8% menthol powder. Findings in support of a cutaneous microbial biofilm as the underlying etiology include: (1) the condition began following a typical scenario that would facilitate biofilm formation; (2) the demarcation of erythema precisely follows the scrotal hairline, suggesting that hair follicles acted as scaffolding during biofilm formation; (3) despite resolution of symptoms, the scrotal erythema has persisted, unchanged in boundary 15 years after the condition began; and (4) the erythematous skin demonstrates prolonged retention of gentian violet dye in comparison with adjacent unaffected skin, suggesting the presence of dye-avid material on the skin surface. CONCLUSION The probability that microorganisms, under proper conditions, can form biofilm on intact skin is poorly recognized. This case presents a compelling argument for a cutaneous microbial biofilm as the underlying cause of red scrotum syndrome in one patient, and a review of similarities with other reported cases suggests the same etiology is likely responsible for a significant portion of the total disease burden. This etiology may also be a significant contributor to the disease burden of vulvodynia, a condition with many similarities to red scrotum syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore W Perry
- Fee-Basis Hospitalist, North Texas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, TX, 75216, Dallas, USA.
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4
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Ellis SR, Nguyen M, Vaughn AR, Notay M, Burney WA, Sandhu S, Sivamani RK. The Skin and Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Common Dermatologic Conditions. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110550. [PMID: 31717915 PMCID: PMC6920876 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabit various areas of the body, including the gut and skin, and are important in maintaining homeostasis. Changes to the normal microflora due to genetic or environmental factors can contribute to the development of various disease states. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between the gut and skin microbiome and various dermatological diseases including acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and atopic dermatitis. In addition, we will discuss the impact of treatment on the microbiome and the role of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Ellis
- PotozkinMD Skincare Center, Danville, CA 94526, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Mimi Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexandra R. Vaughn
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Manisha Notay
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Waqas A. Burney
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Simran Sandhu
- School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Raja K. Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- Zen Dermatology, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Wang J, Chen XY, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Wang W, Wu C, Yang B, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Liu Y, Du X, Li W, Qiu L, Jiang P, Mou XZ, Li YQ. pH-Switchable Antimicrobial Nanofiber Networks of Hydrogel Eradicate Biofilm and Rescue Stalled Healing in Chronic Wounds. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11686-11697. [PMID: 31490650 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm infections can induce chronic inflammation and stall the normal orchestrated course of wound-healing cascades. Herein, pH-switchable antimicrobial hydrogel with nanofiber networks for biofilm eradication and rescuing stalled healing in chronic wounds is reported on the basis of the self-assembly of a designed octapeptide (IKFQFHFD) at neutral pH. This hydrogel is biocompatible and exhibits an acidic pH (pathological environment of infected chronic wounds)-switchable broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect via a mechanism involving cell wall and membrane disruption. The antimicrobial activity of hydrogel is derived from its acidic pH-dependent nanofiber network destabilization and activated release of IKFQFHFD, which is antimicrobial only at acidic pH due to the antimicrobial peptide-like molecular structure. In addition, supramolecular nanofiber networks loaded with drugs of cypate (photothermal agent) and proline (procollagen component) are further developed. In vitro experiments show that loaded drugs exhibit acidic pH (pH ∼ 5.5)-responsive release profiles, and synergistic biofilm eradication and subsequent healing cascade activation of cells proliferation are achieved on the basis of the supramolecular nanofiber networks. Remarkably, the nanofiber networks of hydrogel enable in vivo complete healing of MRSA biofilm infected wound in diabetic mice within 20 days, showing great potential as promising chronic wound dressings. The proposed synergistic strategy for eradicating biofilm and activating subsequent healing cascades may offer a powerful modality for the management of clinical chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College) , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Shandong Xiandai University , Jinan 250104 , China
| | - Chun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Baozhu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Zhaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Leshuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xuancheng Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Physics , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College) , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- School of Physics , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
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6
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Methods Used for the Eradication of Staphylococcal Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040174. [PMID: 31590240 PMCID: PMC6963202 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the leading pathogens responsible for community and healthcare-associated infections. Among them, infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) are connected with ineffective or prolonged treatment. The therapy of staphylococcal infections faces many difficulties, not only because of the bacteria's resistance to antibiotics and the multiplicity of virulence factors it produces, but also due to its ability to form a biofilm. The present review focuses on several approaches used for the assessment of staphylococcal biofilm eradication. The methods described here are successfully applied in research on the prevention of biofilm-associated infections, as well as in their management. They include not only the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of novel compounds, but also the methods for biomaterial functionalization. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of different dyes and techniques used for biofilm characterization are discussed. Therefore, this review may be helpful for those scientists who work on the development of new antistaphylococcal compounds.
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7
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Bordeleau E, Mazinani SA, Nguyen D, Betancourt F, Yan H. Abrasive treatment of microtiter plates improves the reproducibility of bacterial biofilm assays. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32434-32439. [PMID: 35547717 PMCID: PMC9086168 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06352d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtiter plate-based bacterial biofilm assay is frequently used to study bacterial biofilm development and growth. While this assay is simple and relatively high-throughput, it frequently shows difficulty in establishing robust biofilm attachment in the wells. We report that the consistency of bacterial biofilm assays carried out in microtiter plates subjected to abrasive treatment, by sandblasting or drill press grinding, is significantly improved in a Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 model. Scanning electron microscopy imaging suggests that the treated surfaces could provide points of attachment to facilitate the recruitment of bacteria in the initial phase of biofilm colony establishment. The sandblast treated polypropylene, but not polystyrene, plates were found suitable in studying the impact of flavonoid quercetin on the biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis FB17. Further investigation revealed that due to the hydrophobicity of the polystyrene surfaces, a greater amount of quercetin was adsorbed on the plate surface, effectively lowering the concentration of the flavonoid in solution. The reproducibility of bacterial biofilm assays is improved using abrasively-treated microtiter plates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bordeleau
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Sina Atrin Mazinani
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario Canada L2S 3A1
| | - David Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Frank Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Hongbin Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario Canada L2S 3A1
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8
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Singh PK, Yadav VK, Kalia M, Dohare S, Sharma D, Agarwal V. Pseudomonas aeruginosa auto inducer3-oxo-C 12-HSL exerts bacteriostatic effect and inhibits Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:612-619. [PMID: 28804019 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has evolved the 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL based quorum sensing system which is responsible for the regulation of various virulence factors and helps to dominates over other bacterial species. Staphylococcus epidermidis has frequently been reported with P. aeruginosa while the role of C4-HSL and 3-oxo-C12-HSL on the S. epidermidis had widely been unexplored, and as per our knowledge, this is the first report on the impact of C4-HSL and 3-oxo-C12-HSL overS. epidermidis growth and biofilm. We found that among the two AHL molecules; only 3-oxo-C12-HSL was able to exert a significant effect in all the experiments including growth and biofilm of S. epidermidis. 3-oxo-C12-HSL at 100 μM and 200 μM concentrations were able to initiate the apparent transient type of planktonic growth inhibition in S. epidermidis. Microscopic analysis and biofilm quantification assay showed the inhibitory effect of 3-oxo-C12-HSL against S. epidermidis biofilm, initial attachment, and EPS production. The study concludes that P. aeruginosa associated 3-oxo-C12-HSL exerts the inhibitory effect on S. epidermidis growth and biofilms and thus it may also help Pseudomonasto dominate under the co-infection conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Manmohit Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Suhaga Dohare
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Deepmala Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Vishnu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India.
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9
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Ommen P, Zobek N, Meyer RL. Quantification of biofilm biomass by staining: Non-toxic safranin can replace the popular crystal violet. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 141:87-89. [PMID: 28802722 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Crystal violet staining is commonly used for quantification of biofilm formation, although it is highly toxic. Here we test safranin as a non-toxic replacement. Safranin staining provided similar results as crystal violet, but with higher reproducibility. We therefore recommend safranin staining for biofilm biomass quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Ommen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Natalia Zobek
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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10
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Singh AK, Prakash P, Singh R, Nandy N, Firdaus Z, Bansal M, Singh RK, Srivastava A, Roy JK, Mishra B, Singh RK. Curcumin Quantum Dots Mediated Degradation of Bacterial Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1517. [PMID: 28848526 PMCID: PMC5552728 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm has been reported to be associated with more than 80% of bacterial infections. Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol compound, has anti-quorum sensing activity apart from having antimicrobial action. However, its use is limited by its poor aqueous solubility and rapid degradation. In this study, we attempted to prepare quantum dots of the drug curcumin in order to achieve enhanced solubility and stability and investigated for its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. We utilized a newer two-step bottom up wet milling approach to prepare Curcumin Quantum Dots (CurQDs) using acetone as a primary solvent. Minimum inhibitory concentration against select Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was performed. The antibiofilm assay was performed at first using 96-well tissue culture plate and subsequently validated by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Further, biofilm matrix protein was isolated using formaldehyde sludge and TCA/Acetone precipitation method. Protein extracted was incubated with varying concentration of CurQDs for 4 h and was subjected to SDS–PAGE. Molecular docking study was performed to observe interaction between curcumin and phenol soluble modulins as well as curli proteins. The biophysical evidences obtained from TEM, SEM, UV-VIS, fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis confirmed the formation of curcumin quantum dots with increased stability and solubility. The MICs of curcumin quantum dots, as observed against both select gram positive and negative bacterial isolates, was observed to be significantly lower than native curcumin particles. On TCP assay, Curcumin observed to be having antibiofilm as well as biofilm degrading activity. Results of SDS–PAGE and molecular docking have shown interaction between biofilm matrix proteins and curcumin. The results indicate that aqueous solubility and stability of Curcumin can be achieved by preparing its quantum dots. The study also demonstrates that by sizing down the particle size has not only enhanced its antimicrobial properties but it has also shown its antibiofilm activities. Further, study is needed to elucidate the exact nature of interaction between curcumin and biofilm matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Singh
- Bacterial Biofilm and Drug Resistance Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India.,Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Pradyot Prakash
- Bacterial Biofilm and Drug Resistance Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Ranjana Singh
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Nabarun Nandy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Zeba Firdaus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Monika Bansal
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Ranjan K Singh
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Anchal Srivastava
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India.,Nano Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Jagat K Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
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11
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Aamdal Scheie A, Chamgordani EJ, Naemi AO, Hansen FK, Benneche T. Staphylococcus epidermidis
biofilm on implant material is reduced by a covalently linked thiophenone. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:547-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Aamdal Scheie
- Department of Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Elahe Jafari Chamgordani
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Ali-Oddin Naemi
- Department of Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Finn Knut Hansen
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Tore Benneche
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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12
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Machado D, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Cerca N. Optimization of culture conditions for Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 118:143-6. [PMID: 26381661 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis is the leading vaginal disorder in women in reproductive age. Although bacterial vaginosis is related with presence of a biofilm composed predominantly by Gardnerella vaginalis, there has not been a detailed information addressing the environmental conditions that influence the biofilm formation of this bacterial species. Here, we evaluated the influence of some common culture conditions on G. vaginalis biofilm formation, namely inoculum concentration, incubation period, feeding conditions and culture medium composition. Our results showed that culture conditions strongly influenced G. vaginalis biofilm formation and that biofilm formation was enhanced when starting the culture with a higher inoculum, using a fed-batch system and supplementing the growth medium with maltose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Machado
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Labfit - HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, Edificio UBIMEDICAL, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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13
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Kwak YH, Lee J, Lee J, Kwak SH, Oh S, Paek SH, Ha UH, Seo S. A simple and low-cost biofilm quantification method using LED and CMOS image sensor. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 107:150-6. [PMID: 25455019 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel biofilm detection platform, which consists of a cost-effective red, green, and blue light-emitting diode (RGB LED) as a light source and a lens-free CMOS image sensor as a detector, is designed. This system can measure the diffraction patterns of cells from their shadow images, and gather light absorbance information according to the concentration of biofilms through a simple image processing procedure. Compared to a bulky and expensive commercial spectrophotometer, this platform can provide accurate and reproducible biofilm concentration detection and is simple, compact, and inexpensive. Biofilms originating from various bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), were tested to demonstrate the efficacy of this new biofilm detection approach. The results were compared with the results obtained from a commercial spectrophotometer. To utilize a cost-effective light source (i.e., an LED) for biofilm detection, the illumination conditions were optimized. For accurate and reproducible biofilm detection, a simple, custom-coded image processing algorithm was developed and applied to a five-megapixel CMOS image sensor, which is a cost-effective detector. The concentration of biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa was detected and quantified by varying the indole concentration, and the results were compared with the results obtained from a commercial spectrophotometer. The correlation value of the results from those two systems was 0.981 (N = 9, P < 0.01) and the coefficients of variation (CVs) were approximately threefold lower at the CMOS image-sensor platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hwa Kwak
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wu X, Santos RR, Fink-Gremmels J. Cadmium modulates biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:2878-94. [PMID: 25749322 PMCID: PMC4377938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120302878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cadmium exposure on Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984) biofilm formation. Bacteria were cultured in the absence or presence of different concentrations (0–50 µM) of cadmium. Biofilm formation and bacterial viability were assessed. Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of molecular markers of S. epidermidis biofilm formation and dispersion. S. epidermidis biofilm formation was stimulated (p < 0.001) by 1.56 and 3.13 µM cadmium. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis confirmed an increase in biofilm thickness (23 and 22 µm, versus 17.8 µm in the controls) after exposure to 1.56 or 3.13 µM cadmium, respectively. qRT-PCR was performed showing the up-regulation of atlE, embp, aap, icaA and icaB after exposure to 3.13 µM cadmium. Taken together, these findings show that cadmium at low, sub-toxic concentrations acts as inducer of S. epidermidis biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wu
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80152, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Regiane R Santos
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80152, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80152, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Wu X, Santos RR, Fink-Gremmels J. Analyzing the antibacterial effects of food ingredients: model experiments with allicin and garlic extracts on biofilm formation and viability of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 3:158-68. [PMID: 25838894 PMCID: PMC4376410 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To demonstrate different effects of garlic extracts and their main antibiotic substance allicin, as a template for investigations on the antibacterial activity of food ingredients. Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and the isogenic biofilm-forming strain ATCC 35984 were used to compare the activity of allicin against planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilms. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) for pure allicin were identical and reached at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL. MBICs for standardized garlic extracts were significantly lower, with 1.56 and 0.78 μg/mL allicin for garlic water and ethanol extract, respectively. Biofilm density was impaired significantly at a concentration of 0.78 μg/mL allicin. Viability staining followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy showed, however, a 100% bactericidal effect on biofilm-embedded bacteria at a concentration of 3.13 μg/mL allicin. qRT-PCR analysis provided no convincing evidence for specific effects of allicin on biofilm-associated genes. Extracts of fresh garlic are more potent inhibitors of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms than pure allicin, but allicin exerts a unique bactericidal effect on biofilm-embedded bacteria. The current experimental protocol has proven to be a valid approach to characterize the antimicrobial activity of traditional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wu
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Regiane R Santos
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands
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