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Sotomayor N, Villacis JE, Burneo N, Reyes J, Zapata S, Bayas-Rea RDLÁ. Carbapenemase genes in clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter spp. from Quito, Ecuador. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17199. [PMID: 38680892 PMCID: PMC11056107 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. is associated with nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients, resulting in high mortality. Although Acinetobacter spp. represent a serious public health problem worldwide, there are a few studies related to the presence of carbapenemases in health care facilities and other environmental settings in Ecuador. The main aim of this study was to characterize the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates obtained from four hospitals (52) and from five rivers (27) close to Quito. We used the disc diffusion and EDTA sinergy tests to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and the production of metallo β-lactamases, respectively. We carried out a multiplex PCR of gyrB gene and the sequencing of partial rpoB gene to bacterial species identification. We performed molecular screening of nine carbapenem-resistant genes (blaSPM, blaSIM, blaGIM, blaGES, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, and blaOXA-143) by multiplex PCR, followed by identification using sequencing of blaOXA genes. Our findings showed that carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii were the main species found in health care facilities and rivers. Most of the clinical isolates came from respiratory tract samples and harbored blaOXA-23, blaOXA-366, blaOXA-72, blaOXA-65, blaOXA-70, and blaOXA-143-like genes. The river isolates harbored only the blaOXA-51 and probably blaOXA-259 genes. We concluded that the most predominant type of carbapenem genes among isolates were both blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-65 among A. baumannii clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sotomayor
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Eduardo Villacis
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública-INSPI Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Noela Burneo
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rosa de los Ángeles Bayas-Rea
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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Diaz-Diaz S, Garcia-Montaner A, Vanni R, Murillo-Torres M, Recacha E, Pulido MR, Romero-Muñoz M, Docobo-Pérez F, Pascual A, Rodriguez-Martinez JM. Heterogeneity of SOS response expression in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli influences adaptation to antimicrobial stress. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 75:101087. [PMID: 38678745 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, new evidence has shown that the SOS response plays an important role in the response to antimicrobials, with involvement in the generation of clinical resistance. Here we evaluate the impact of heterogeneous expression of the SOS response in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli on response to the fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin. In silico analysis of whole genome sequencing data showed remarkable sequence conservation of the SOS response regulators, RecA and LexA. Despite the genetic homogeneity, our results revealed a marked differential heterogeneity in SOS response activation, both at population and single-cell level, among clinical isolates of E. coli in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin. Four main stages of SOS response activation were identified and correlated with cell filamentation. Interestingly, there was a correlation between clinical isolates with higher expression of the SOS response and further progression to resistance. This heterogeneity in response to DNA damage repair (mediated by the SOS response) and induced by antimicrobial agents could be a new factor with implications for bacterial evolution and survival contributing to the generation of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Diaz-Diaz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Andrea Garcia-Montaner
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberta Vanni
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Murillo-Torres
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esther Recacha
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, Sevilla, Spain; Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina R Pulido
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Romero-Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Docobo-Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Rodriguez-Martinez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Roy S, Aung MS, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Mazid R, Khan MS, Barman TK, Arafa P, Sathi FA, Nila SS, Jahan A, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Kobayashi N. Genetic characterization of methicillin-resistant / susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) and Staphylococcus argenteus clinical isolates in Bangladesh: Dominance of ST6-MRSA-IV/t304 and detection of cfr/ fexA in ST8-MSSA/t008. IJID Reg 2024; 10:132-139. [PMID: 38283056 PMCID: PMC10819717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Coagulase-positive staphylococcus (CoPS), represented by Staphylococcus aureus, is a major cause of infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate molecular epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and their trends of CoPS in Bangladesh. Methods Clinical isolates of CoPS were collected from two medical institutions in Bangladesh for a 2-year period and analyzed for their species, genotypes, virulence factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance determinants. Results 172 CoPS isolates collected were identified as S. aureus or S. argenteus (170 and two, respectively). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 36% (n = 61), having Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)-IV (82%) or V (18%). Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected at higher rate in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (62%) than MRSA (26%). MRSA comprised 11 STs, including a dominant type ST6 (46%) associated with mostly SCCmec-IVa/spa-t304, and one isolate had genetic features of the USA300 clone (ST8/SCCmec-IVa/coa-IIIa/spa-t008/ACME-I/ΦSa2USA). STs of CC1, CC88, and CC398 were common in MSSA, with CC88 showing the highest PVL-positive rate. One MSSA isolate (ST8/spa-t008) harbored fexA and cfr showing susceptibility to linezolid. S. argenteus was methicillin-susceptible and belonged to ST2250/coa-XId. Conclusions Genetic characteristics of current MRSA/MSSA in Bangladesh were revealed, with first identification of S. argenteus at low prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjukta Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rummana Mazid
- Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahed Khan
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Parvez Arafa
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Afsana Jahan
- Microbiology Department, Pabna Medical College, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Sibińska E, Arendowski A, Fijałkowski P, Gabryś D, Pomastowski P. Comparison of the Bruker Microflex LT and Zybio EXS2600 MALDI TOF MS systems for the identification of clinical microorganisms. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116150. [PMID: 38035652 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) technology has expanded the capabilities for identifying microorganisms in clinical labs, replacing traditional biochemical testing with a proteomic approach. In the present study, we compared results between the two commercial MALDI TOF MS systems, Bruker Microflex LT Biotyper and Zybio EXS2600 Ex-Accuspec, for the identification of 1979 urinary isolates by direct extraction method. Current study found that both systems identified a high percentage of isolates to at least the genus level - Bruker 95.6 % of isolates, Zybio 92.4 %. In the case of 89.5 % of all analyzed spectra, the identification results were consistent between the used devices. The highest score values and the highest percentage of spectra identified to species were obtained for gram-negative bacteria. The results show that both systems are equally good choices in terms of analytical performance for routine microbiological diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Sibińska
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4 Str., Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Adrian Arendowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4 Str., Toruń 87-100, Poland.
| | - Piotr Fijałkowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4 Str., Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Dorota Gabryś
- Radiotherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Str., Gliwice 44-102, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4 Str., Toruń 87-100, Poland
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Poladi I, Shakib P, Halimi S, Delfani S, Zadeh FE, Rezaei F. Investigation of EpsA, OmpA, and Bap Genes among MDR and XDR Acinetobacter baumannii Isolatesin Khorramabad, Iran. Recent Adv Antiinfect Drug Discov 2024; 19:RAAIDD-EPUB-137251. [PMID: 38213149 DOI: 10.2174/0127724344274260231220052526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic hospital pathogen with high antibiotic resistance, and the ability to produce biofilm. This study aimed to investigate epsA, ompA, and bap genes involved in biofilm formation in MDR and XDR clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Khorramabad, Iran. METHODS In this study, 79 A.baumannii isolates were collected from various samples of the patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Khorramabad city, Iran, between January and August 2019. After performing the semi-quantitative evaluation of biofilm production by microtiter plate assay, screening of isolates carrying epsA, ompA, and bap genes was done by PCR method. Finally, statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 22. RESULTS Among 79 A.baumannii isolates, 52% XDR, 40% MDR, and 16% non-XDRMDR isolates were found to be biofilm producers. All XDR and 94% MDR isolates had ompA and epsA genes, and bap genes were detected among > 80% of these isolates. Moreover, the presence of biofilm-related genes and biofilm production among non-XDRMDR isolates were less than among resistant isolates (p≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION Based on the results, biofilm production and simultaneous presence of epsA, ompA, and bap genes among MDR, and XDR A. baumannii isolates have been found to be significantly more than non-XDR-MDR isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Poladi
- School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Pegah Shakib
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Halimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Delfani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Ebrahim Zadeh
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Faranak Rezaei
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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6
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Muigg V, Seth-Smith HMB, Adam KM, Weisser M, Hinić V, Blaich A, Roloff T, Heininger U, Schmid H, Kohler M, Graf L, Winterflood DM, Schlaepfer P, Goldenberger D. Novel Organism Verification and Analysis (NOVA) study: identification of 35 clinical isolates representing potentially novel bacterial taxa using a pipeline based on whole genome sequencing. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:14. [PMID: 38178003 PMCID: PMC10768270 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable species identification of cultured isolates is essential in clinical bacteriology. We established a new study algorithm named NOVA - Novel Organism Verification and Analysis to systematically analyze bacterial isolates that cannot be characterized by conventional identification procedures MALDI-TOF MS and partial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). RESULTS We identified a total of 35 bacterial strains that represent potentially novel species. Corynebacterium sp. (n = 6) and Schaalia sp. (n = 5) were the predominant genera. Two strains each were identified within the genera Anaerococcus, Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, and Peptoniphilus, and one new species was detected within Citrobacter, Dermabacter, Helcococcus, Lancefieldella, Neisseria, Ochrobactrum (Brucella), Paenibacillus, Pantoea, Porphyromonas, Pseudoclavibacter, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Pusillimonas, Rothia, Sneathia, and Tessaracoccus. Twenty-seven of 35 strains were isolated from deep tissue specimens or blood cultures. Seven out of 35 isolated strains identified were clinically relevant. In addition, 26 bacterial strains that could only be identified at the species level using WGS analysis, were mainly organisms that have been identified/classified very recently. CONCLUSION Our new algorithm proved to be a powerful tool for detection and identification of novel bacterial organisms. Publicly available clinical and genomic data may help to better understand their clinical and ecological role. Our identification of 35 novel strains, 7 of which appear to be clinically relevant, shows the wide range of undescribed pathogens yet to define.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Muigg
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Helena M B Seth-Smith
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Manuel Adam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Weisser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimira Hinić
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Blaich
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Heininger
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Schmid
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maurus Kohler
- Kantonsspital Baselland (Bruderholz, Liestal, Laufen), Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Graf
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dylan M Winterflood
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schlaepfer
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Goldenberger
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
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Trognon J, Rima M, Lajoie B, Roques C, El Garah F. NaCl-induced modulation of species distribution in a mixed P. aeruginosa / S. aureus / B.cepacia biofilm. Biofilm 2023; 6:100153. [PMID: 37711514 PMCID: PMC10497989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Burkholderia cepacia are notorious pathogens known for their ability to form resilient biofilms, particularly within the lung environment of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The heightened concentration of NaCl, prevalent in the airway liquid of CF patients' lungs, has been identified as a factor that promotes the growth of osmotolerant bacteria like S. aureus and dampens host antibacterial defenses, thereby fostering favorable conditions for infections. In this study, we aimed to investigate how increased NaCl concentrations impact the development of multi-species biofilms in vitro, using both laboratory strains and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. cepacia co-cultures. Employing a low-nutrient culture medium that fosters biofilm growth of the selected species, we quantified biofilm formation through a combination of adherent CFU counts, qPCR analysis, and confocal microscopy observations. Our findings reaffirmed the challenges faced by S. aureus in establishing growth within 1:1 mixed biofilms with P. aeruginosa when cultivated in a minimal medium. Intriguingly, at an elevated NaCl concentration of 145 mM, a symbiotic relationship emerged between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, enabling their co-existence. Notably, this hyperosmotic environment also exerted an influence on the interplay of these two bacteria with B. cepacia. We demonstrated that elevated NaCl concentrations play a pivotal role in orchestrating the distribution of these three species within the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, our study unveiled the beneficial impact of NaCl on the biofilm growth of clinically relevant mucoid P. aeruginosa strains, as well as two strains of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This underscores the crucial role of the microenvironment during the colonization and infection processes. The results suggest that hyperosmotic conditions could hold the key to unlocking a deeper understanding of the genesis and behavior of CF multi-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Trognon
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Maya Rima
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbora Lajoie
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatima El Garah
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Deilamani MO, Nikkhahi F, Bakht M, Ali Alizadeh S, Fardsanei F, Javadi A, Marashi SMA, Aslanimehr M, Peymani A. Evaluation of ethanol and EDTA concentrations in the expression of biofilm-producing smf-1, rpfF genes in XDR clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:277. [PMID: 37775770 PMCID: PMC10542227 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is able to cause infections in immunocompromised patients, and the treatment of this opportunistic pathogen is complicated due to its virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and the ability of the bacteria to produce biofilm. The main goals of this study were to assess the susceptibility of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates to ethanol and EDTA, and evaluating the synergistic effect of these disinfectants, and also survey the effect of exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ethanol and EDTA on the expression of biofilm-producing smf-1, rpfF genes. RESULTS The results showed that EDTA significantly increased the effectiveness of the ethanol and have a synergistic effect. All of the 10 XDR isolates included in the current study harbored smf-1 and rpfF genes and produced biofilm. After exposure to MIC, sub-MIC, synergism, and sub-synergism of ethanol and EDTA, the expression of smf-1 and rpfF genes was repressed significantly. CONCLUSION In the current study, it was indicated that the expression of biofilm-producing genes was repressed when bacteria are exposed to different concentrations of ethanol and EDTA. Future studies should include more complex microbial communities residing in the hospitals, and more disinfectants use in hospitals. Expression of other virulence genes in different conditions is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Ostovari Deilamani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakht
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Safar Ali Alizadeh
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Amir Javadi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Amin Marashi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Aslanimehr
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Peymani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran
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Shakib P, Ramazanzadeh R. Molecular epidemiology typing of blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae causing nosocomial infection. New Microbiol 2023; 46:278-284. [PMID: 37747473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and bla genes were characterized in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates that fingerprinted by rep-PCR and PFGE methods at Kurdistan Province, Iran. A total of 70 K. pneumoniae were isolated from clinical samples to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility, carbapenemase and MBL-producing isolates. The PCR assay was used to identify the bla genes. Isolates were typed by PFGE and Rep-PCR methods. The highest and lowest rates of resistance were observed in cefotaxime (67.1%) and imipenem (8.6%), respectively. The rate of blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 genes were 1 (1.4%) and 14 (20%) isolates, respectively. All were classified in 27 clusters by rep-PCR and 39 PFGE types. The low frequency of carbapenemase and MBL genes in this study are epidemiologically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Shakib
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Rashid Ramazanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)
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10
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Bhardwaj V. Antimicrobial Potential of Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Oil on Bacterial Isolates. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023. [PMID: 37594604 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the in vitro antibacterial activity of coconut oil on selected clinical and pure bacterial isolates. Clinical samples were isolated from the people of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. Biochemical examination of the microorganisms was done according to standard methods. Pure bacterial cultures were provided from LTA srl Italia. In this research work, an effort has been made to highlight the valuable properties of Cocos nucifera oil, in order to rationalize the use of coconut oil against bacteria. Experiments were performed by agar well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was used as a standard antibiotic. The assay of antibacterial activity of clinical isolate of Streptococcus species showed the highest susceptibility to coconut oil while Escherichia coli had the least. This study endorses the use of coconut oil as therapeutic agent since it contains lauric acid which is bactericidal. The utilization of coconut oil should be promoted as a functional food and the use of coconut seed flesh in our diets should be encouraged for health-supporting functions. Further studies should be done on the oil and its derivatives both in vitro and in vivo to unveil their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Bhardwaj
- Environment Laboratories, Ras Al Khaimah Municipality, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
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11
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Braams LM, Sijbesma JWA, Boersma HH, van Dijl JM, Elsinga PH, Glaudemans AWJM, Slart RHJA, van Oosten M. Preclinical evaluation of 2-[ 18F]fluorodeoxysorbitol as a tracer for targeted imaging of Enterobacterales infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2023; 313:151581. [PMID: 37209590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2023.151581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) is widely used for the detection of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although this modality has proven to be a useful diagnostic tool, reliable distinction of bacterial infection from sterile inflammation or even from a malignancy remains challenging. Therefore, there is a need for bacteria-specific tracers for PET imaging that facilitate a reliable distinction of bacterial infection from other pathology. The present study was aimed at exploring the potential of 2-[18F]-fluorodeoxysorbitol ([18F]FDS) as a tracer for detection of Enterobacterales infections. Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly metabolized by bacteria of the Enterobacterales order, but not by mammalian cells, which makes it an attractive candidate for targeted bacterial imaging. The latter is important in view of the serious clinical implications of infections caused by Enterobacterales. Here we demonstrate that sorbitol-based PET can be applied to detect a broad range of clinical bacterial isolates not only in vitro, but also in blood and ascites samples from patients suffering from Enterobacterales infections. Notably, the possible application of [18F]FDS is not limited to Enterobacterales since Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Corynebacterium jeikeium also showed substantial uptake of this tracer. We conclude that [18F]FDS is a promising tracer for PET-imaging of infections caused by a group of bacteria that can cause serious invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M Braams
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Hanzeplein 1 PO box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jürgen W A Sijbesma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1 PO box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1 PO box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hanzeplein 1 PO box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Hanzeplein 1 PO box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1 PO box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1 PO box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1 PO box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands; TechMed Centre, Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, PO box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Oosten
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Hanzeplein 1 PO box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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Angusamy A, Balasubramanian V, Arunmurugan B, Arunachalam K, Issac Abraham SVP, Murugesan S, Krishnasamy B, Sundaram J, Arumugam VR. Anti-infective potential of plant-derived quorum sensing inhibitors against multi-drug resistant human and aquatic bacterial pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:147. [PMID: 37022521 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study intended to decipher the anti-infective potential of bioactive phytocompounds, such as rosmarinic acid, morin, naringin, chlorogenic acid, and mangiferin, against aquatic and human bacterial pathogens using Artemia spp. nauplii and Caenorhabditis elegans as animal models, respectively. Initially, the test compounds were screened against the QS traits in Vibrio spp., such as bioluminescence production and biofilm formation. The test compounds effectively inhibited the bioluminescence in V. harveyi. Further, the confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis revealed that these natural compounds could efficiently reduce the clumping morphology, a characteristic biofilm formation in Vibrio spp., without inhibiting bacterial growth. The results of in vivo analysis showed a significant increase in the survival of Artemia spp. nauplii infected with Vibrio spp. upon exposure to these compounds. Moreover, the compounds used in this study were already proven and reported for their quorum sensing inhibitory efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence, the anti-infective efficacy of these compounds against P. aeruginosa (PAO1) and its clinical isolates (AS1 and AS2) was studied using C. elegans as a live animal model system. The results of time-killing assay deciphered that rosmarinic acid and naringin are being the most effective ones in rescuing the animals from P. aeruginosa infection followed by morin, mangiferin, and chlorogenic acid. Further, the toxicity results revealed that these compounds did not show any lethal effect on C. elegans and Artemia spp. nauplii at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, the phytochemicals used in this study were effective in controlling the QS-regulated virulence traits in Vibrio spp. and P. aeruginosa infections in Artemia spp. nauplii and C. elegans animal model systems, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorani Angusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Vigneshkumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Conservation of Coastal and Marine Resources (CMR) division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Anna University campus, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, Chennai, India
| | - Balaji Arunmurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Kannapan Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agricultural Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy Issac Abraham
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India
| | - Sivaranjani Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Janarthanan Sundaram
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Veera Ravi Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India.
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Zabala-Peñafiel A, Dias-Lopes G, Souza-Silva F, Miranda LFC, Conceição-Silva F, Alves CR. Assessing the effect of antimony pressure on trypanothione reductase activity in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Biochimie 2022; 208:86-92. [PMID: 36586564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania parasites have an oxidative and chemical defense mechanism called trypanothione system (T[SH]2), the most abundant thiol system in trypanosomatids. This system has a central role in processing pentavalent antimony and resistance has been related to a better capacity to metabolize it through the activation of T[SH]2 enzymatic cascade. A biochemical approach was applied to assess the effect of trivalent (SbIII) and pentavalent antimony (SbV) on Trypanothione Reductase (TR) activity of two Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis clinical isolates, which were labeled as responder (R) and non-responder (NR) after patient treatment with Glucantime®. Both isolates were characterized based on in vitro susceptibility to SbIII and SbV and trypanothione reductase (TR) activity. SbIII and SbV discriminated susceptibility profiles in all parasite forms, since isolate NR had significantly higher EC50 values than isolate R. Differences were observed in TR activity between promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and intracellular amastigotes: R (0.439 ± 0.009, 0.103 ± 0.01 and 0.185 ± 0.01AU.min-1.μg of protein-1) and NR (1.083 ± 0.04, 0.914 ± 0.04 and 0.343 ± 0.04 AU. min-1.μg of protein-1), respectively. Incubation with SbIII and SbV using each form EC50 value caused a time-dependent differential effect on TR activity suggesting that oxidative defense is related to the antimony susceptibility phenotype. Data gathered here shows a biochemical approach able to discriminate two L. (V.) braziliensis clinical isolates measurements TR activity of promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and intracellular amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zabala-Peñafiel
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Dias-Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - F Souza-Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Iguaçu, Dom Rodrigo, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L F C Miranda
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - F Conceição-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - C R Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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14
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Dawadi P, Khadka C, Shyaula M, Syangtan G, Joshi TP, Pepper SH, Kanel SR, Pokhrel LR. Prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases as a correlate of multidrug resistance among clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Nepal. Sci Total Environ 2022; 850:157975. [PMID: 35964754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that has developed antibiotic resistance (AR) and causes a range of illnesses, including respiratory pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections, keratitis, otitis media and bacteremia in patients with compromised immune system. The production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is one of the major mechanisms of AR in this bacterium with ensuing infections difficult to treat. The main goal of this study was to provide a quantitative estimate of MBLs producing clinical P. aeruginosa isolates among the Nepalese patients and determine if MBL correlates with multi-drug resistance (MDR). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline was followed for meta-analysis of relevant literature using PubMed, Research4Life, and Google Scholar. The prevalence of MBLs in P. aeruginosa from clinical samples was determined using R 4.1.2 for data pooled from studies published until 2021. The meta-analysis of a total of 19 studies selected (of 6038 studies for which titles and abstracts were reviewed) revealed the prevalence of MBLs producing P. aeruginosa (MBL-PA) was 14 % (95 % CI: 0.10-0.19) while MDR isolates among P. aeruginosa was 42 % (95 % CI: 0.30-0.55) in Nepal. Combined Disc Test was predominantly used phenotypic method for confirming MBLs phenotypes among the studies. Sputum was the most common specimen from which MBL-PA was recovered. A significant positive correlation was observed between MDR and MBL production in P. aeruginosa. We conclude that MBL producing strains are widespread among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Nepal and responsible for emerging MDR strains. It is paramount that antibiotics prescription against the bacterium should be monitored closely and alternative therapeutic modalities against MBL-PA explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Dawadi
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur 44700, Bagmati, Nepal; Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Christina Khadka
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Manita Shyaula
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Gopiram Syangtan
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Tista Prasai Joshi
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur 44700, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Samantha H Pepper
- Department of Heath Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Sushil R Kanel
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Lok R Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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15
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Torrez Lamberti MF, Terán LC, Lopez FE, de Las Mercedes Pescaretti M, Delgado MA. Genomic and proteomic characterization of two strains of Shigella flexneri 2 isolated from infants' stool samples in Argentina. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:495. [PMID: 35804311 PMCID: PMC9264714 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shigella specie is a globally important intestinal pathogen disseminated all over the world. In this study we analyzed the genome and the proteomic component of two Shigella flexneri 2a clinical isolates, collected from pediatric patients with gastroenteritis of the Northwest region of Argentina (NWA) in two periods of time, with four years of difference. Our goal was to determine putative changes at molecular levels occurred during these four years, that could explain the presence of this Shigella`s serovar as the prevalent pathogen in the population under study. Results As previously reported, our findings support the idea of Shigella has a conserved “core” genome, since comparative studies of CI133 and CI172 genomes performed against 80 genomes obtained from the NCBI database, showed that there is a large number of genes shared among all of them. However, we observed that CI133 and CI172 harbors a small number of strain-specific genes, several of them present in mobile genetic elements, supporting the hypothesis that these isolates were established in the population by horizontal acquisition of genes. These differences were also observed at proteomic level, where it was possible to detect the presence of certain secreted proteins in a culture medium that simulates the host environment. Conclusion Great similarities were observed between the CI133 and CI172 strains, confirming the high percentage of genes constituting the “core” genome of S. flexneri 2. However, numerous strain specific genes were also determined. The presence of the here identified molecular elements into other strain of our culture collation, is currently used to develop characteristic markers of local pathogens. In addition, the most outstanding result of this study was the first description of a S. flexneri 2 producing Colicin E, as one of the characteristics that allows S. flexneri 2 to persist in the microbial community. These findings could also contribute to clarify the mechanism and the evolution strategy used by this pathogen to specifically colonize, survive, and cause infection within the NWA population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08711-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica F Torrez Lamberti
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, 5Q7R+96, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia C Terán
- Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, 5Q9R+3J, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Fabián E Lopez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, 5Q7R+96, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Chilecito (UNdeC), 9 de Julio 22, F5360CKB, Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - María de Las Mercedes Pescaretti
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, 5Q7R+96, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Mónica A Delgado
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, 5Q7R+96, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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Weiler N, Laib Sampaio K, Stanton RJ, Sinzger C. Combined knockdown of RL13 and UL128 for release of cell-free infectivity from recent HCMV isolates. J Virol Methods 2022; 305:114537. [PMID: 35526667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to strictly cell-associated growth, experiments requiring cell-free virus are not applicable to recent clinical HCMV isolates to date. On the other hand, adaptation to cell-free growth is associated with undesirable changes in the viral gene regions RL13 and UL128. We had previously found that siRNA-mediated reduction of UL128 expression allowed transient release of cell-free virus by clinical isolates, and now hypothesized that virus yield could be further increased by additional knockdown of RL13. Despite the extensive polymorphism of RL13, effective RL13-specific siRNAs could be designed for three recent isolates and the Merlin strain. Knockdown efficiency was demonstrated at the protein level with a Merlin variant expressing V5-tagged pRL13. Knockdown of RL13 alone did not result in measurable release of cell-free virus, but combined knockdown of RL13 and UL128 increased infectivity in cell-free supernatants by a factor of 10-2000 compared to knockdown of UL128 alone. These supernatants could be used in dose-response assays to compare the effect of a neutralizing antibody on the various HCMV isolates. In summary, combined knockdown of RL13 and UL128 by specific siRNAs allows reliable release of cell-free infectivity from otherwise strictly cell-associated HCMV isolates without the need to modify the viral genome.
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17
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Bakht M, Alizadeh SA, Rahimi S, Kazemzadeh Anari R, Rostamani M, Javadi A, Peymani A, Marashi SMA, Nikkhahi F. Phenotype and genetic determination of resistance to common disinfectants among biofilm-producing and non-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from clinical specimens in Iran. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:124. [PMID: 35525944 PMCID: PMC9078005 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen in Hospitalized patients, and its various resistance mechanisms contribute to patient morbidity and mortality. The main aims of the present study were to assess the susceptibility of biofilm-producing and non-producing P. aeruginosa isolates to the five commonly used Hospital disinfectants, to evaluate the synergistic effect of selected disinfectants and Ethylene-diamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and the effect of exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of Sodium hypochlorite on antimicrobial susceptibility test. RESULTS The results showed that sodium hypochlorite 5% and Ethanol 70% were the most and least effective disinfectants against P. aeruginosa, respectively. The addition of EDTA significantly increased the effectiveness of the selected disinfectants. The changes in the antibiotic-resistance profiles after exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants were observed for different classes of antibiotics (Carbapenems, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones). As well as near the all isolates harbored efflux pump genes and 117 (97.5%) of isolates produced biofilm. CONCLUSION In the current study, the mixture of disinfectant and EDTA were the most suitable selection to disinfect Hospital surfaces and instruments. Also, it was clear that exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of Sodium hypochlorite results in resistance to some antibiotics in P. aeruginosa species. Strong and intermediate biofilm formers belonged to MDR/XDR strains. Future studies should include more complex microbial communities residing in the Hospitals, and more disinfectants use in Hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bakht
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Safar Ali Alizadeh
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sara Rahimi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Raana Kazemzadeh Anari
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostamani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Javadi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Peymani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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18
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Antunes KH, Stein RT, Franceschina C, da Silva EF, de Freitas DN, Silveira J, Mocellin M, Leitão L, Fachi JL, Pral LP, Gonzalez A, Oliveira S, Duarte L, Cassão G, Gonçalves JIB, Reis TM, Abbadi BL, Dornelles M, Sperotto NDM, Rigo M, Rodrigues H, Jones M, Epifanio M, Guima S, Setubal JC, Jorge TR, Mansur DS, Mayer FQ, Varela APM, Bizarro CV, Machado P, Basso LA, Polack FP, Custovic A, Vinolo MAR, de Souza APD. Short-chain fatty acid acetate triggers antiviral response mediated by RIG-I in cells from infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103891. [PMID: 35220042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty-acid (SFCA) acetate protects mice against RSV A2 strain infection by increasing interferon-β production and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, the role of SFCA in RSV infection using strains isolated from patients is unknown. Methods We first used RSV clinical strains isolated from infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis to investigate the effects of in vitro SCFA-acetate treatment of human pulmonary epithelial cells. We next examined whether SCFA-acetate treatment is beneficial in a mouse model of RSV infection using clinical isolates. We sought to investigate the relationship of gut microbiota and fecal acetate with disease severity among infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis, and whether treating their respiratory epithelial cells with SCFA-acetate ex-vivo impacts viral load and ISG expression. We further treated epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with SCFA-acetate. Findings In vitro pre-treatment of A549 cells with SCFA-acetate reduced RSV infection with clinical isolates and increased the expression of RIG-I and ISG15. Animals treated with SCFA-acetate intranasally recovered significantly faster, with reduction in the RSV clinical isolates viral load, and increased lung expression of IFNB1 and the RIG-I. Experiments in RIG-I knockout A549 cells demonstrated that the protection relies on RIG-I presence. Gut microbial profile was associated with bronchiolitis severity and with acetate in stool. Increased SCFA-acetate levels were associated with increasing oxygen saturation at admission, and shorter duration of fever. Ex-vivo treatment of patients’ respiratory cells with SCFA-acetate reduced RSV load and increased expression of ISGs OAS1 and ISG15, and virus recognition receptors MAVS and RIG-I, but not IFNB1. These SCFA-acetate effects were not found on cells from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Interpretation SCFA-acetate reduces the severity of RSV infection and RSV viral load through modulation of RIG-I expression. Funding FAPERGS (FAPERGS/MS/CNPq/SESRS no. 03/2017 - PPSUS 17/2551-0001380-8 and COVID-19 20/2551-0000258-6); CNPq 312504/2017-9; CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
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Echániz-Aviles G, Velazquez-Meza ME, Rodríguez-Arvizu B, Carnalla-Barajas MN, Noguerón AS. Detection of capsular genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and clonal distribution of the cap5 and cap8 genes in clinical isolates. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:186. [PMID: 35192046 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Up until now, the capsular polysaccharides of Staphylococcus aureus have been classified into 11 types, of which only 2 types 5 and 8; (encoded by the genes cap5 and cap8, respectively) are present in 80–90% of clinically significant strains. The aim of the present study was to detect the capsular genotypes of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates and determined their clonal distribution. A total of 262 MRSA clinical isolates from different hospitals in Mexico were analyzed by PCR to determine the genetic characteristics of their capsule expression. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing were used to characterize the isolates. The analysis of the capsular genotypes among MRSA isolates showed that 245 isolates (93.5%) contained the cap5 gene, and that the remaining 17 (6.5%) encoded the cap8 gene. The MRSA isolates were grouped into four clonal groups. The identification of the capsular genotypes of clinical isolates of MRSA is important information because potential vaccine formulations against S. aureus involve capsular polysaccharides.
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20
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van de Vegte-Bolmer M, Graumans W, Stoter R, van Gemert GJ, Sauerwein R, Collins KA, Bousema T. A portfolio of geographically distinct laboratory-adapted Plasmodium falciparum clones with consistent infection rates in Anopheles mosquitoes. Malar J 2021; 20:381. [PMID: 34565372 PMCID: PMC8474906 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to culture Plasmodium falciparum continuously in vitro has enabled stable access to asexual and sexual parasites for malaria research. The portfolio of isolates has remained limited and research is still largely based on NF54 and its derived clone 3D7. Since 1978, isolates were collected and cryopreserved at Radboudumc from patients presenting at the hospital. Here, procedures are described for culture adaptation of asexual parasites, cloning and production of sexual stage parasites responsible for transmission (gametocytes) and production of oocysts in Anopheles mosquitoes. This study aimed to identify new culture-adapted transmissible P. falciparum isolates, originating from distinct geographical locations. Methods Out of a collection of 121 P. falciparum isolates stored in liquid nitrogen, 21 from different geographical origin were selected for initial testing. Isolates were evaluated for their ability to be asexually cultured in vitro, their gametocyte production capacity, and consistent generation of oocysts. Results Out of 21 isolates tested, twelve were excluded from further analysis due to lack of mature gametocyte production (n = 1) or generation of satisfactory numbers of oocysts in mosquitoes (n = 11). Nine isolates fulfilled selection criteria and were cloned by limiting dilution and retested. After cloning, one isolate was excluded for not showing transmission. The remaining eight isolates transmitted to Anopheles stephensi or Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes and were categorized into two groups with a reproducible mean oocyst infection intensity above (n = 5) or below five (n = 3). Conclusions These new P. falciparum culture-adapted isolates with reproducible transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes are a valuable addition to the malaria research tool box. They can aid in the development of malaria interventions and will be particularly useful for those studying malaria transmission. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03912-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter Graumans
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Stoter
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan van Gemert
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katharine A Collins
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Bousema
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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21
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Tsai AL, Hsieh YC, Chen CJ, Huang KY, Chiu CH, Kuo CY, Lin TY, Lai MY, Chiang MC, Huang YC. Investigation of a cluster of Bacillus cereus bacteremia in neonatal care units. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2021:S1684-1182(21)00147-X. [PMID: 34340907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus is a well-known pathogen for self-limited foodborne illness, and rarely an opportunistic pathogen associated with invasive infections among immunocompromised patients. Nosocomial outbreaks have been rarely reported. METHODS Between August and November 2019, four preterm neonates in neonatal care units of a medical center developed late-onset B. cereus bacteremia. An investigation was carried out. Forty-eight environmental specimens were obtained from these neonatal units, skin surface and environmental objects of Patient 4 for the detection of this organism 19 days after the onset of illness of Patient 4. B. cereus isolates from Patient 4, five unrelated patients and environmental objects if identified were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS All four infants survived after vancomycin-containing treatment. Patient 4 developed diffuse cerebritis, brain abscess with severe neurologic sequelae. Of the 48 environmental samplings, 26 specimens showed positive for B. cereus, with one major clone (sequence type 365) accounting for 73%. The isolate from Patient 4 (ST427) was identical to one isolate collected from environmental objects in the same unit. After extensive cleaning of the environment and re-institution of the sterilization procedure of hospital linens, which was ceased since two months before the outbreak, no more cases was identified in these units for at least one year. CONCLUSIONS We documented a cluster of B. cereus bacteremia involving four preterm infants, which might be associated with cessation of the procedure for linen sterilization and was successfully controlled by re-institution of this procedure.
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Boumaza AF, Arrindell J, Ben Azzouz E, Desnues B. Phenotypic diversity of Tropheryma whipplei clinical isolates. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105074. [PMID: 34182076 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tropheryma whipplei is a bacterial pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections in humans, covering asymptomatic carriage, acute infections, chronic isolated infections and classic Whipple's disease. Although the bacterium is commonly found in the environment, it very rarely causes disease. Genetic comparison of clinical isolates has revealed that main variations were found in region encoding T. whipplei surface glycoproteins called WiSP. However, no association has been made between the genetic diversity and the clinical manifestations of the infection. In this study we evaluated the phenotypic diversity of 26 clinical isolates from different origins and taken from patient with different infection outcomes. MRC5 and macrophages cells were infected, and bacterial uptake, survival and the pro-and anti-inflammatory potential of the different clinical isolates was assessed. No significant difference of phagocytosis was found between the different isolates; however, we found that bacterial replication was increased for bacteria expressing high molecular weight WiSP. In addition, we found that the expression of the genes coding for IL-1β and TGF-β was significantly higher when MRC5 cells were stimulated with isolates from chronic infections compared to isolates from localized infections while no significant differences were observed in macrophages. Overall, our study revealed that, as previously observed at the genetic level, phenotypic diversity of T. whipplei isolates is associated with the expression of different WiSP, which may result in subtle differences in host responses. Other host factors or genetic predisposition may explain the range of clinical manifestations of T. whipplei infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Fatima Boumaza
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jeffrey Arrindell
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Eya Ben Azzouz
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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23
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Yu CH, Shen S, Huang KYA, Huang YC. The trend of environmental and clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a hospital in Taiwan: Impact of USA300. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2021; 55:241-248. [PMID: 34175242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environment may facilitate transmission of health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the pathogen is frequently shed by patients. However, the molecular characteristics and genetic relatedness between clinical and environmental MRSA isolates remain largely unclear in the clinical setting. METHODS A total of 100 hospitalized patients with MRSA infection and 25 hospitalized patients without MRSA infection were enrolled in a medical center, Taiwan in 2019. Environmental and clinical MRSA isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing and molecular methods. RESULTS In the study, we detected 17 MRSA isolates in the environment that surrounded 15 MRSA-infected patients and one environmental MRSA isolate from one patient without MRSA infection. The molecular analysis revealed a high genetic diversity within either environmental or clinical MRSA isolates, while the USA300 clone (pulsotype AI, SCCmec IV, ST8, PVL-positive) accounts for 39% (7/18) of environmental and 33% (7/21) of clinical MRSA isolates. Moreover, 13 of the 15 MRSA-infected patients had identical paired clinical-environmental MRSA isolates, which exhibited indistinguishable genetic relatedness and highly similar antibiotic susceptibility phenotype, suggesting a possible transmission cycle of MRSA in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS The environmental MRSA was closely linked to MRSA isolated from patients, suggesting that the environment may act as a reservoir of MRSA. Besides, the USA300 MRSA has become a major clone in the hospital setting. An effective and rigorous approach to environmental cleaning and decontamination is suggested to eradicate MRSA in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsin Yu
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sing Shen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying A Huang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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24
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Braun B, Sinzger C. Transmission of cell-associated human cytomegalovirus isolates between various cell types using polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a vehicle. Med Microbiol Immunol 2021; 210:197-209. [PMID: 34091753 PMCID: PMC8286230 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are regarded as vehicles for the hematogenous dissemination of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In cell culture, this concept has been validated with cell-free laboratory strains but not yet with clinical HCMV isolates that grow strictly cell-associated. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate whether PMNs can also transmit such isolates from initially infected fibroblasts to other cell types, which might further clarify the role of PMNs in HCMV dissemination and provide a model to search for potential inhibitors. PMNs, which have been isolated from HCMV-seronegative individuals, were added for 3 h to fibroblasts infected with recent cell-associated HCMV isolates, then removed and transferred to various recipient cell cultures. The transfer efficiency in the recipient cultures was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining of viral immediate early antigens. Soluble derivatives of the cellular HCMV entry receptor PDGFRα were analyzed for their potential to interfere with this transfer. All of five tested HCMV isolates could be transferred to fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells with transfer rates ranging from 2 to 9%, and the transferred viruses could spread focally in these recipient cells within 1 week. The PDGFRα-derived peptides IK40 and GT40 reduced transfer by 40 and 70% when added during the uptake step. However, when added during the transfer step, only IK40 was effective, inhibiting transmission by 20% on endothelial cells and 50–60% on epithelial cells and fibroblasts. These findings further corroborate the assumption of cell-associated HCMV dissemination by PMNs and demonstrate that it is possible to inhibit this transmission mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenike Braun
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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25
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Antunes VDC, Freitag D, Serrato RV. Differential exopolysaccharide production and composition by Herbaspirillum strains from diverse ecological environments. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3883-3892. [PMID: 34009446 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Herbaspirillum are found in many different ecological niches. Some species are typically endophytic, while others were reported as free-living organisms that occupy various environments. Also, opportunistic herbaspirilli have been found infecting humans affected by several diseases. We have analyzed the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Herbaspirillum strains isolated from different sources and with distinct ecological characteristics. The monosaccharide composition was determined for the EPS obtained for selected strains including free-living, plant-associated and clinical isolates, and the relationship with the ecological niches occupied by Herbaspirillum spp. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquíria D C Antunes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas-Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná , R. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 , PO Box 19046, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Daniela Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas-Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná , R. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 , PO Box 19046, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Serrato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas-Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná , R. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 , PO Box 19046, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
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26
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Eslami G, Hatefi S, Ramezani V, Tohidfar M, Churkina TV, Orlov YL, Hosseini SS, Boozhmehrani MJ, Vakili M. Molecular characteristic of treatment failure clinical isolates of Leishmania major. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10969. [PMID: 33763300 PMCID: PMC7956003 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a prevalent tropical disease caused by more than 20 Leishmania species (Protozoa, Kinetoplastida and Trypanosomatidae). Among different clinical forms of the disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, with an annual 0.6–1 million new cases reported worldwide. This disease’s standard treatment is pentavalent antimonial (SbV) that have been used successfully since the first half of the 20th century as a first-line drug. However, treatment failure is an increasing problem that is persistently reported from endemic areas. It is important to define and standardize tests for drug resistance in cutaneous leishmaniasis. SbV must be reduced to its trivalent active form (SbIII). This reduction occurs within the host macrophage, and the resultant SbIIIenters amastigotes via the aquaglyceroporin1 (AQP1) membrane carrier. Overexpression of AQP1 results in hypersensitivity of the parasites to SbIII, but resistant phenotypes accompany reduced expression, inactivation mutations, or deletion of AQP1. Hence, in this study, a phylogenetic analysis using barcode gene COXII and kDNA minicircle and expression analysis of AQP1 were performed in treatment failure isolates to assess the isolates’ molecular characteristics and to verify possible association with drug response. Methods Samples in this study were collected from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to the Diagnosis Laboratory Center in Isfahan Province, Iran, from October 2017 to December 2019. Among them, five isolates (code numbers 1–5) were categorized as treatment failures. The PCR amplification of barcode gene COXII and kDNA minicircle were done and subsequently analyzed using MEGA (10.0.5) to perform phylogenetics analysis of Treatment failures (TF) and Treatment response (TR) samples. Relative quantification of the AQP1 gene expression of TF and TR samples was assessed by real-time PCR. Results All samples were classified as L. major. No amplification failure was observed in the cases of barcode gene COXII and kDNA minicircle amplification. Having excluded the sequences with complete homology using maximum parsimony with the Bootstrap 500 method, four major groups were detected to perform phylogenetic analysis using COXII. The phylogenetic analysis using the barcode target of minicircle showed that all five treatment failure isolates were grouped in a separate sub-clade. Conclusions We concluded that the barcode gene COXII and the minicircle kDNA were suitable for identification, differentiation and phylogenetic analysis in treatment failure clinical isolates of Leishmania major. Also, AQP1 gene expression analyses showed that treatment failure isolates had less expression than TR isolates. The isolate with TF and overexpression of the AQP1 gene of other molecular mechanisms such as overexpression of ATP-binding cassette may be involved in the TR, such as overexpression of ATP-binding cassette which requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Eslami
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Samira Hatefi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vahid Ramezani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tatyana V Churkina
- Insitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy L Orlov
- Insitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,The Digital Health Institute, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Saeedeh Sadat Hosseini
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Boozhmehrani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahmood Vakili
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Health Monitoring Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Araújo TF, Calarga AP, Zorgi NE, Rangel O, Levy CE, Giorgio S. Phenotype evaluation of human and canine isolates of Leishmania infantum. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101551. [PMID: 33010787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in countries of South and Central America are caused by Leishmania infantum and has been endemic in Brazil for several years. The parasite biodiversity as well as the pharmacologic properties of drugs and the host species, are involved in the efficacy or inefficacy of leishmaniasis treatments. Although there are substantial number of reports describing the genetic characterization of the clinical field isolates of L. infantum,the phenotypic parameters have been less studied. In this study isolates from human and canine leishmaniasis (Hum1 and Can1) obtained in Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil were identified as L. infantum. The Hum1 and Can1 isolates exhibited typical promastigote growth pattern. Regarding morphological features Can1 isolate differed in cell size. The infectivity in vitro of both isolatesis lower compared to the reference strain of L. infantum. Moreover, the in vivo infectivity of the three parasites is similar in Balb/c mice. The Hum1 isolate is more sensitive to leishmanial drugs (amphotericin B, miltefosine and glucantime) than the Can1 isolate when inside human macrophages, but not when inside canine macrophages. These findings indicated that L. infantum isolates differs in some phenotypic characteristics.
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Li B, Pan T, Lin H, Zhou Y. The enhancing antibiofilm activity of curcumin on Streptococcus mutans strains from severe early childhood caries. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 32938379 PMCID: PMC7493841 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main cariogenic bacteria for caries. It was found that the clinical strains of S. mutans isolated from caries active population have stronger cariogenic ability than the isolates from caries-free (CF) people. Previous studies have found that curcumin can inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans UA159. The objective of this study is to explore the antibiofilm effect of curcumin on the clinical isolates of S. mutans from severe early childhood caries(SECC). RESULTS The isolates from SECC group had more biomass than CF group (t = 4.296, P < 0.001). The acidogenicity and aciduricity of the strains from two groups showed no significant difference. After treatment with curcumin, the viability of biofilm was reduced to 61.865% ± 7.108% in SECC and to 84.059% ± 10.227% in CF group at 24 h (P < 0.05). The net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045) at 5 min. For 24 h, the net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045). The reduction of biofilm thickness reduced significantly in 5 min (t = 4.110, P = 0.015) and in 24 h (t = 3.453, P = 0.014). Long-term (24 h) curcumin treatment inhibited the amount of EPS in SECC group from (25.980 ± 1.156) μm3/μm2 to (20.136 ± 1.042) μm3/μm2, the difference was statistically significant (t = 7.510, P < 0.001). The gene of gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in the CF group and the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, srtA in SECC group were respectively reduced after 5 min curcumin treatment. After 24 h treatment, the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in both two groups were downregulation, all the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin has antibiofilm activity on clinical strains of S. mutans, especially for those isolated from SECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchun Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Conceição-Neto OC, da Costa BS, Pontes LS, Santos ICO, Silveira MC, Cordeiro-Moura JR, Pereira NF, Tavares-Teixeira CB, Picão RC, Rocha-de-Souza CM, Carvalho-Assef APD. Difficulty in detecting low levels of polymyxin resistance in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: evaluation of Rapid Polymyxin NP test, Colispot Test and SuperPolymyxin medium. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 36:100722. [PMID: 32642069 PMCID: PMC7334411 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are important therapeutic options for treating infections, mainly those caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Specific chemical characteristics of polymyxins make it difficult to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing, especially within the clinical laboratory. Here we aimed to evaluate the performance of three phenotypic methods: Rapid NP Polymyxin Test, ColiSpot test and the SuperPolymyxin medium. To accomplish this, 170 non-duplicate clinical K. pneumoniae isolates were analysed (123 colistin-resistant and 47 susceptible). The sensitivity and specificity obtained for Rapid Polymyxin NP Test, Colispot and SuperPolymyxin medium were, respectively, 90% and 94%, 74% and 100%, and 82% and 85%. Very major errors occurred more frequently in low-level colistin-resistant isolates (MICs 4 and 8 μg/mL). Rapid Polymyxin NP proved to be a method capable of identifying colistin-resistant strains in acceptable categorical agreement. However, major errors and very major errors of this method were considered unacceptable for colistin-resistance screening. Although the Colispot test is promising and easy to perform and interpret, the results did not reproduce well in the isolates tested. The colistin-containing selective medium (SuperPolymyxin) showed limitations, including quantification of mucoid colonies and poor stability. Nevertheless, Colispot and SuperPolymyxin medium methods did not present acceptable sensitivity, specificity and categorical agreement. It is essential to use analytical tools that faithfully reproduce bacterial resistance in vitro, especially in last-line drugs, such as polymyxins, when misinterpretation of a test can result in therapeutic ineffectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Conceição-Neto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B S da Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L S Pontes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I C O Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M C Silveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J R Cordeiro-Moura
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N F Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C B Tavares-Teixeira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R C Picão
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C M Rocha-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A P D Carvalho-Assef
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Supotngarmkul A, Panichuttra A, Ratisoontorn C, Nawachinda M, Matangkasombut O. Antibacterial property of chitosan against E. faecalis standard strain and clinical isolates. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:456-463. [PMID: 32037384 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate applications of chitosan as antibacterial agent for endodontic treatments, we tested its activity against Enterococcus faecalis standard strain (ATCC29212) and clinical isolates. We determined the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6 types of chitosan against ATCC29212; the most effective types were selected for further tests. Four clinical isolates were cultured from endodontically treated-teeth and identified by biochemical assays and polymerase chain reactions. Bacterial cultures were exposed to 1,700 and 2,100 kDa chitosan at MBC for 1, 3, 5, 10, and 60 min in time-kill assays and plated on brain-heart-infusion (BHI) agar for colony counts. Both types of chitosan showed significantly lower numbers of remaining bacteria (log colony forming units per millimeter, logCFUs/mL) than negative controls (0.1% acetic acid and BHI) at 10 min, and completely eliminated the bacteria at 60 min for all strains. Thus, chitosan could be developed as alternative biocompatible antimicrobial irrigant/medication for endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apimon Supotngarmkul
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Anchana Panichuttra
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University
| | | | - Mettachit Nawachinda
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute
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31
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Yoneda A, Thänert R, Burnham CAD, Dantas G. In vitro activity of meropenem/piperacillin/tazobactam triple combination therapy against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 55:105864. [PMID: 31870598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the activity of the reported synergistic and collaterally sensitive antibiotic combination, meropenem/piperacillin/tazobactam (ME/PI/TZ), against a panel of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species; and to investigate the relationship between ME/PI/TZ susceptibility and the genomic background of clinical isolates of MRSA. METHODS ME/PI/TZ combination and single drug minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for 207 strains (including 121 MRSA, 4 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus [MSSA], 37 vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus [VISA], 6 ceftaroline non-susceptible MRSA, 29 coagulase-negative staphylococci [CoNS], 5 S. pseudointermedius and 5 vancomycin-resistant Enterococci [VRE]) by broth microdilution. Whole genomes of 168 S. aureus strains were sequenced, assembled, and comparatively analysed. RESULTS USA300-SCCmec type IV isolates, clonal complex 8 (CC8)-MRSA isolates, including some VISA and ceftaroline (CPT)-intermediate strains, and all tested methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis isolates were highly susceptible to ME/PI/TZ. Isolates with elevated MICs (MICs of >16/16/16 mg/L) clustered with the USA100-SCCmec type II strain. Susceptibility of MRSA to ME/PI/TZ was correlated with susceptibility to ME. No obvious cross-resistance to CPT was observed among high-ME/PI/TZ MIC isolates. CONCLUSIONS The ME/PI/TZ combination is effective against a variety of clinical MRSA isolates, particularly of the USA300 lineage, which is expanding worldwide. ME/PI/TZ is also effective against drug-resistant CoNS and S. pseudintermedius clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yoneda
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert Thänert
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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32
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Watanabe N, Morita K. Diversity in gene arrangement in a DNA region lacking aerA in clinical and environmental Aeromonas hydrophila isolates. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:71-81. [PMID: 31414275 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila produces an array of virulence factors, many of which are excreted proteins that causes infectious disease in fish, reptiles, and humans. Aerolysin, a haemolytic toxin, is the most well-known of the A. hydrophila virulence factors and is encoded by aerA. Although used as a virulence gene marker in several studies, recent whole-genome sequencing data suggest there may be some variation in aerolysin genes, as well as in the genetic environment of these genes, among A. hydrophila strains. Here, we used PCR-based assays to examine gene arrangement in the traditional aerA region of 42 aerA-minus clinical and environmental A. hydrophila isolates. PCR primers were designed based on known genes from within the target regions of reference strains carrying non-aerA aerolysin genes. Analyses revealed four different gene arrangement patterns among the isolates, indicating considerable genetic diversity in the target region. While 19 of the 21 environmental isolates showed the same gene pattern, all four patterns were represented among the clinical isolates, implying that the gene pattern is highly conserved in the target region among environmental isolates. Further analysis of the gene regions showed that the predominant pattern among environmental isolates, which did not contain an aerolysin gene, appeared to be the progenitor of the other three patterns, which likely arose as a result of gene acquisition, deletion, and rearrangement events during the evolution of A. hydrophila, and may be linked to the acquisition of aerolysin genes. These findings shed light on the evolution of virulence in A. hydrophila.
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Faoro H, Oliveira WK, Weiss VA, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, Cardoso RL, Balsanelli E, Brusamarello-Santos LCC, Camilios-Neto D, Cruz LM, Raittz RT, Marques ACQ, LiPuma J, Fadel-Picheth CMT, Souza EM, Pedrosa FO. Genome comparison between clinical and environmental strains of Herbaspirillum seropedicae reveals a potential new emerging bacterium adapted to human hosts. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:630. [PMID: 31375067 PMCID: PMC6679464 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an environmental β-proteobacterium that is capable of promoting the growth of economically relevant plants through biological nitrogen fixation and phytohormone production. However, strains of H. seropedicae have been isolated from immunocompromised patients and associated with human infections and deaths. In this work, we sequenced the genomes of two clinical strains of H. seropedicae, AU14040 and AU13965, and compared them with the genomes of strains described as having an environmental origin. RESULTS Both genomes were closed, indicating a single circular chromosome; however, strain AU13965 also carried a plasmid of 42,977 bp, the first described in the genus Herbaspirillum. Genome comparison revealed that the clinical strains lost the gene sets related to biological nitrogen fixation (nif) and the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), which has been described to be essential for interactions with plants. Comparison of the pan-genomes of clinical and environmental strains revealed different sets of accessorial genes. However, antimicrobial resistance genes were found in the same proportion in all analyzed genomes. The clinical strains also acquired new genes and genomic islands that may be related to host interactions. Among the acquired islands was a cluster of genes related to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. Although highly conserved in environmental strains, the LPS biosynthesis genes in the two clinical strains presented unique and non-orthologous genes within the genus Herbaspirillum. Furthermore, the AU14040 strain cluster contained the neuABC genes, which are responsible for sialic acid (Neu5Ac) biosynthesis, indicating that this bacterium could add it to its lipopolysaccharide. The Neu5Ac-linked LPS could increase the bacterial resilience in the host aiding in the evasion of the immune system. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the lifestyle transition from environment to opportunist led to the loss and acquisition of specific genes allowing adaptations to colonize and survive in new hosts. It is possible that these substitutions may be the starting point for interactions with new hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helisson Faoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil. .,Graduate Program on Bioinformatics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Alcides Viera Arcoverde street 1225, Curitiba, Paraná, 81520-260, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Algacyr Munhoz Mader street, 3775, Curitiba, Paraná, 81350-010, Brazil.
| | - Willian K Oliveira
- Graduate Program on Bioinformatics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Alcides Viera Arcoverde street 1225, Curitiba, Paraná, 81520-260, Brazil.,Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Algacyr Munhoz Mader street, 3775, Curitiba, Paraná, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Vinicius A Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.,Graduate Program on Bioinformatics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Alcides Viera Arcoverde street 1225, Curitiba, Paraná, 81520-260, Brazil
| | - Michelle Z Tadra-Sfeir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Cardoso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Liziane C C Brusamarello-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Doumit Camilios-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Biothecnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid street, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Roberto T Raittz
- Graduate Program on Bioinformatics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Alcides Viera Arcoverde street 1225, Curitiba, Paraná, 81520-260, Brazil
| | - Ana C Q Marques
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Lothário Meissner 632, Curitiba, Paraná, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - John LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Cyntia M T Fadel-Picheth
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Lothário Meissner 632, Curitiba, Paraná, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Emanuel M Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Fabio O Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Kannappan A, Srinivasan R, Nivetha A, Annapoorani A, Pandian SK, Ravi AV. Anti-virulence potential of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its clinical isolates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6747-6758. [PMID: 31230099 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Burgeoning antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens necessitates the alternative treatment options to control the multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Plant secondary metabolites, a significant source of structurally diverse compounds, posses several biological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-virulence potential of least explored phytocompound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its clinical isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration of HMB was found to be 1024 μg/ml. HMB at sub-MIC (200 μg/ml) exhibited a profound staphyloxanthin inhibitory activity against MRSA and its clinical isolates. Besides, growth curve analysis revealed the non-bactericidal activity of HMB at its sub-MIC. Other virulences of MRSA such as lipase, nuclease, and hemolysin were also significantly inhibited upon HMB treatment. The observations made out of blood and H2O2 sensitivity assay suggested that HMB treatment sensitized the test pathogens and aided the functions of host immune responses. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HMB targets the virulence regulatory genes such as sigB and saeS to attenuate the production of virulence arsenal in MRSA. Further, the result of in vitro cytotoxicity assay using PBMC cells portrayed the non-toxic nature of HMB. To our knowledge, for the first time, the present study reported the virulence inhibitory property of HMB against MRSA along with plausible molecular mechanisms. Additional studies incorporating in vivo analysis and omics technologies are required to explore the anti-virulence potential of HMB and its mode of action during MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Kannappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Ramanathan Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Arumugam Nivetha
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Angusamy Annapoorani
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | | | - Arumugam Veera Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India.
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Lahiri S, Banerjee A, Bhutda S, Palaniappan M, Bahubali VH, Manjunath N, Maji S, Siddaiah N. In vitro expression of vital virulent genes of clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii in endothelial cells of human blood-brain barrier. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:239-244. [PMID: 31221506 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of the pathogenesis of clinical and environmental cryptococcal isolates to the central nervous system is necessary for understanding the risk. This study was designed to determine the in vitro expression of six important virulent genes of Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial cells (hBMEC). METHODS The hBMEC were infected with Cryptococcus to determine invasion and survival rate at 3, 12 and 24hours by subsequent colony count of internalized yeasts. The whole RNA of the intracellular Cryptococcus was extracted to quantify the expression of CAP10, PLB1, ENA1, URE1, LAC1, and MATα genes by real-time quantitative PCR for 3 and 12hours of infection. RESULTS Invasion and survival rates were higher in clinical and standard strains of C. neoformans. A significant difference was observed among the clinical and environmental isolates for the expression of CAP10, ENA1, LAC1, MATα and URE1 at 3hours, and ENA1, LAC1, MATα, PLB1 and URE1 at 12hours. Clinical isolates showed significant upregulation of all the genes except PLB1, which was higher in environmental isolates. Relative expressions at the two time-points showed statistically significant (P=0.043) changes for the clinical isolates and no significance (P=0.063) for environmental isolates. CONCLUSION The C. gattii (VGI) isolates showed significantly lower invasion and survival than C. neoformans (VNI, and VNII) irrespective of their sources. Clinical isolates exhibited higher expression for the majority of the virulent genes until 12hours of infection, probably due to their better adaptation in the host system and enhanced pathogenicity than the environmental counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lahiri
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - S Bhutda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - M Palaniappan
- Department of Biostatistics, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - V H Bahubali
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - N Manjunath
- Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - S Maji
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - N Siddaiah
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
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Cheng CW, Jongwutiwes S, Putaporntip C, Jackson AP. Clinical expression and antigenic profiles of a Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate: merozoite surface protein 7 (PvMSP-7). Malar J 2019; 18:197. [PMID: 31196098 PMCID: PMC6567670 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vivax malaria is the predominant form of malaria outside Africa, affecting about 14 million people worldwide, with about 2.5 billion people exposed. Development of a Plasmodium vivax vaccine is a priority, and merozoite surface protein 7 (MSP-7) has been proposed as a plausible candidate. The P. vivax genome contains 12 MSP-7 genes, which contribute to erythrocyte invasion during blood-stage infection. Previous analysis of MSP-7 sequence diversity suggested that not all paralogs are functionally equivalent. To explore MSP-7 functional diversity, and to identify the best vaccine candidate within the family, MSP-7 expression and antigenicity during bloodstream infections were examined directly from clinical isolates. Methods Merozoite surface protein 7 gene expression was profiled using RNA-seq data from blood samples isolated from ten human patients with vivax malaria. Differential expression analysis and co-expression cluster analysis were used to relate PvMSP-7 expression to genetic markers of life cycle stage. Plasma from vivax malaria patients was also assayed using a custom peptide microarray to measure antibody responses against the coding regions of 12 MSP-7 paralogs. Results Ten patients presented diverse transcriptional profiles that comprised four patient groups. Two MSP-7 paralogs, 7A and 7F, were expressed abundantly in all patients, while other MSP-7 genes were uniformly rare (e.g. 7J). MSP-7H and 7I were significantly more abundant in patient group 4 only, (two patients having experienced longer patency), and were co-expressed with a schizont-stage marker, while negatively associated with liver-stage and gametocyte-stage markers. Screening infections with a PvMSP-7 peptide array identified 13 linear B-cell epitopes in five MSP-7 paralogs that were recognized by plasma from all patients. Conclusions These results show that MSP-7 family members vary in expression profile during blood infections; MSP-7A and 7F are expressed throughout the intraerythrocytic development cycle, while expression of other paralogs is focused on the schizont. This may reflect developmental regulation, and potentially functional differentiation, within the gene family. The frequency of B-cell epitopes among paralogs also varies, with MSP-7A and 7L consistently the most immunogenic. Thus, MSP-7 paralogs cannot be assumed to have equal potential as vaccines. This analysis of clinical infections indicates that the most abundant and immunogenic paralog is MSP-7A. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2826-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Weng Cheng
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.,Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Jongwutiwes
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaturong Putaporntip
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.
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37
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Morales MPF, Lim CK, Shephard L, Weldhagen GF. Mycobacterial inactivation protein extraction protocol for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight characterization of clinical isolates. Int J Mycobacteriol 2019; 7:217-221. [PMID: 30198499 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_104_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid identification of mycobacteria has been made possible with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) in recent years. Working with high concentrations of mycobacteria in a PC-3 containment facility makes MALDI-TOF cumbersome and costly. Therefore removing the inactivated isolate's protein extract from the PC-3 facility is needed for efficient identification in a routine PC-2 laboratory. Methods This work describes a novel chemical and mechanical disruption protein extraction method, which provides reliable MALDI-TOF results from solid and liquid media, while ensuring laboratory safety. Results When compared to sequencing results, 93.9% of the clinical isolates were identified in LJ media and 89% of the clinical isolates were identified in MGIT media. Conclusion The MIPE protocol produces a high quality protein extract with improved isolate identification without compromising result turn-around-times or laboratory safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pastor Forero Morales
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Directorate, SA Pathology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide South, Australia
| | - Chuan Kok Lim
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Directorate, SA Pathology, Royal Adelaide Hospital; Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South, Australia
| | - Lisa Shephard
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Directorate, SA Pathology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide South, Australia
| | - Gerhard F Weldhagen
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Directorate, SA Pathology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide South, Australia
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Ciandrini E, Morroni G, Arzeni D, Kamysz W, Neubauer D, Kamysz E, Cirioni O, Brescini L, Baffone W, Campana R. Antimicrobial Activity of Different Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) Against Clinical Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 18:2116-2126. [PMID: 30345920 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666181022140348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial research is being focused to look for more effective therapeutics against antibiotic-resistant infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this direction, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) appear as promising tool. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of different AMPs (Citropin 1.1, Temporin A, Pexiganan, CA(1-7)M(2-9)NH2, Pal-KGK-NH2, Pal-KKKK-NH2, LL-37) against human MRSA clinical isolates. METHODS The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was assessed for each AMP; then, the most active ones (Citropin 1.1, Temporin A, CA(1-7)M(2-9)NH2 and Pal-KGK-NH2) were tested against selected MRSA strains by time-kill studies. RESULTS The lowest MIC value was observed for Pal-KGK-NH2 (1 µg/ml), followed by Temporin A (4- 16 µg/ml), CA(1-7)M(2-9)NH2 (8-16 µg/ml) and Citropin 1.1 (16-64 µg/ml), while higher MICs were evidenced for LL-37, Pexiganan and Pal-KKKK-NH2 (> 128 µg/ml). In time-kill experiments, Citropin 1.1 and CA(1-7)M(2-9)NH2 showed a relatively high percentage of growth inhibition (>30 %) for all the tested MRSA clinical isolates, with a dose-dependent activity resulting in the highest percentage of bacterial growth inhibition (89.39%) at 2MIC concentration. CONCLUSION Overall, our data demonstrated the potential of some AMPs against MRSA isolates, such as Citropin 1.1 and CA(1-7)M(2-9)NH2, that represents a promising area of development for different clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ciandrini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Arzeni
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kamysz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Brescini
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wally Baffone
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Toxicological, Hygiene and Environmental Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Toxicological, Hygiene and Environmental Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Adesoji AT, Onuh JP, Bagu J, Itohan SA. Prevalence and antibiogram study of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and selected drinking water of Dutsin-Ma, Katsina state, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:1385-1392. [PMID: 31148965 PMCID: PMC6531971 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical and environmental samples is a global problem. Data comparing antibiogram of bacteria from these two sources in Nigeria is scarce. Therefore, this study compares antibiogram of isolates from both sources from Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. Methodology A total of 120 and 150 clinical and aquatic samples respectively were collected for a five months period. Samples were analyzed for isolation of S. aureus using mannitol salt agar. Bacteria identification were carried out using standard biochemical characterization. Antibiogram of the isolates were determined using disc diffusion methods and comparison with Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI)'s Standard. Result A total of 120 and 45 S. aureus were isolated from both clinical and aquatic samples respectively. Highest (100.0%) resistance to cloxacillin was observed among isolates from each source. Clinical and aquatic isolates showed least resistance of 20.0% and 48.0% respectively to gentamicin. All isolated S. aureus (165) from this studies were multidrug resistant with different antibiotic resistant pattern. Conclusion This study revealed that multidrug resistance strains of S. aureus can be isolated from both clinical and drinking water sources, hence, a public health significance that calls for urgent attention by clinicians and public health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Adesoji
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria
| | - J P Onuh
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria
| | - J Bagu
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria
| | - S A Itohan
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria
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Ashokan A, Papanicolas LE, Leong LEX, Theodossi M, Daniel S, Wesselingh SL, Rogers GB, Gordon DL. Case report: Identification of intra-laboratory blood culture contamination with Staphylococcus aureus by whole genome sequencing. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:331-333. [PMID: 30885397 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures is rarely considered a contaminant. We report a case of intra-laboratory contamination between blood culture bottles which was confirmed by whole genome sequencing, highlighting the importance of molecular analysis in the clinical laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushia Ashokan
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, Flinders University School of Medicine, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Lito E Papanicolas
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, Flinders University School of Medicine, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Lex E X Leong
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, Flinders University School of Medicine, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Maria Theodossi
- South Australia(SA) Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Santhosh Daniel
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Steve L Wesselingh
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, Flinders University School of Medicine, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, Flinders University School of Medicine, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - David L Gordon
- South Australia(SA) Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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Rugani JN, Quaresma PF, Gontijo CF, Soares RP, Monte-Neto RL. Intraspecies susceptibility of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis to antileishmanial drugs: Antimony resistance in human isolates from atypical lesions. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1170-1180. [PMID: 30372818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the most common etiological agent of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in Latin America. An interesting aspect of the disease outcome caused by this species is the appearance of non-ulcerated atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis. Atypical (AT) lesions are often associated with therapeutic failure when treated with antimony(Sb)-based drugs. Refractory cases are not necessarily due to intrinsic parasite drug resistance. The status of in vitro drug susceptibility from L. braziliensis field isolates is less assessed than patient treatment outcome. In this work, L. braziliensis isolated from typical CL (6), MCL (1) and AT (3) lesions and vector (1) were tested for their susceptibility to amphotericin B (AmB), miltefosine (MIL), glucantime (GLU) and non-comercial meglumine antimoniate (MA). Overall, intracellular amastigotes of all isolates were sensitive to the tested antileishmanial drugs except AT lesions-derived strains 316, 330 and 340 that presented in vitro resistance against SbV-based drugs. Although susceptible to miltefosine - based on phenotypic screening - intramacrophagic quiescent amastigotes could restore infection. L. braziliensis promastigotes isolated from AT lesions also displayed 29% reduced capacity to infect human monocyte-derived macrophages when compared with parasites obtained from patients with typical lesions, MCL or from sand-fly. These data indicate differences in drug susceptibility and infectiveness among L. braziliensis isolated from patients exhibiting different types of lesions and highlight the importance of its characterization for drug response prediction outcome in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeronimo N Rugani
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-009, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia F Quaresma
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-009, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Célia F Gontijo
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-009, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo P Soares
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-009, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rubens L Monte-Neto
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-009, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Galitska G, Biolatti M, De Andrea M, Leone A, Coscia A, Bertolotti L, Ala U, Bertino E, Dell'Oste V, Landolfo S. Biological relevance of Cytomegalovirus genetic variability in congenitally and postnatally infected children. J Clin Virol 2018; 108:132-140. [PMID: 30312910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital infections resulting in severe morbidity and mortality among infected children. Although the virus is highly polymorphic, particularly in genes contributing to immune evasion, the mechanisms underlying its genetic variability and pathogenicity are only partially understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize different HCMV clinical strains isolated from 21 congenitally- or postnatally-infected children for in vitro growth properties and genetic polymorphisms. STUDY DESIGN The growth of various HCMV isolates was analyzed in different cell culture models. Genetic polymorphism was assessed by genetic and phylogenetic analysis of viral genes involved in virulence (UL144, US28, and UL18), latency (UL133-138), or drug resistance (UL54 and UL97). RESULTS Here, we report a high degree of genetic and phenotypic diversity in distinct HCMV clinical isolates, as shown by their in vitro growth properties. In particular, HCMV isolates displayed the highest degree of genetic variability in the UL144 gene, where we were able to define four distinct genotypes within the cohort based on UL144 heterogeneity. Lastly, among all isolates we were able to identify 36 mutations in UL54 and 2 in UL97. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that surprisingly high levels of genetic HCMV variability correlate with a high degree of phenotypic polymorphism, which in turn might differentially influence the growth, fitness, and drug susceptibility of HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Galitska
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy
| | - Agata Leone
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell'Oste
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Kokai-Kun JF, Sarver JL, Carman RJ. Characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates collected during a phase 2b clinical study with SYN-004 (ribaxamase) for the prevention of C. difficile infection. Anaerobe 2018; 53:30-33. [PMID: 29981838 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During a Phase 2b study with SYN-004 (ribaxamase) for prevention of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) conducted in North America and Eastern Europe, 45 C. difficile isolates from subjects with laboratory-confirmed CDI and or colonized with C. difficile were collected and characterized. Several C. difficile PCR ribotypes, including 027 and 198, were identified.
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Rzhepishevska O, Limanska N, Galkin M, Lacoma A, Lundquist M, Sokol D, Hakobyan S, Sjöstedt A, Prat C, Ramstedt M. Characterization of clinically relevant model bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for anti-biofilm testing of materials. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:99-107. [PMID: 29902594 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a great interest in developing novel anti-biofilm materials in order to decrease medical device-associated bacterial infections causing morbidity and high healthcare costs. However, the testing of novel materials is often done using bacterial lab strains that may not exhibit the same phenotype as clinically relevant strains infecting medical devices. Furthermore, no consensus of strain selection exists in the field, making results very difficult to compare between studies. In this work, 19 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa originating from intubated patients in an intensive care unit have been characterized and compared to the lab reference strain PAO1 and a rmlC lipopolysaccharide mutant of PAO1. The adhesion and biofilm formation was monitored, as well as cell properties such as hydrophobicity, zeta potential and motility. Two groups of isolates were observed: one with high adhesion to polymer surfaces and one with low adhesion (the latter including PAO1). Furthermore, detailed biofilm assays in a flow system were performed using five characteristic isolates from the two groups. Confocal microscopy showed that the adhesion and biofilm formation of four of these five strains could be reduced dramatically on zwitterionic surface coatings. However, one isolate with pronounced swarming colonized and formed biofilm also on the antifouling surface. We demonstrate that the biofilm properties of clinical isolates can differ greatly from that of a standard lab strain and propose two clinical model strains for testing of materials designed for prevention of biofilm formation in the respiratory tract. The methodology used could beneficially be applied for screening of other collections of pathogens to identify suitable model strains for in vitro biofilm testing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Medical-device associated infections present a great challenge in health care. Therefore, much research is undertaken to prevent bacterial colonization of new types of biomaterials. The work described here characterizes, tests and presents a number of clinically relevant bacterial model strains for assessing biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Such model strains are of importance as they may provide better predictability of lab testing protocols with respect to how well materials would perform in an infection situation in a patient. Furthermore, this study uses the strains to test the performance of polymer surfaces designed to repel bacterial adhesion and it is shown that the biofilm formation for four out of the five tested bacterial strains was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataliia Limanska
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Odessa National University, Shampanskiy Lane 2, Odessa 65058, Ukraine.
| | - Mykola Galkin
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Odessa National University, Shampanskiy Lane 2, Odessa 65058, Ukraine.
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain.
| | | | - Dmytro Sokol
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Odessa National University, Shampanskiy Lane 2, Odessa 65058, Ukraine
| | - Shoghik Hakobyan
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90 185 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Cristina Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain.
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Leiva-Peláez O, Gutiérrez-Escobedo G, López-Fuentes E, Cruz-Mora J, De Las Peñas A, Castaño I. Molecular characterization of the silencing complex SIR in Candida glabrata hyperadherent clinical isolates. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 118:21-31. [PMID: 29857197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An important virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata is the ability to adhere to the host cells, which is mediated by the expression of adhesins. Epa1 is responsible for ∼95% of the in vitro adherence to epithelial cells and is the founding member of the Epa family of adhesins. The majority of EPA genes are localized close to different telomeres, which causes transcriptional repression due to subtelomeric silencing. In C. glabrata there are three Sir proteins (Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4) that are essential for subtelomeric silencing. Among a collection of 79 clinical isolates, some display a hyperadherent phenotype to epithelial cells compared to our standard laboratory strain, BG14. These isolates also express several subtelomeric EPA genes simultaneously. We cloned the SIR2, SIR3 and SIR4 genes from the hyperadherent isolates and from the BG14 and the sequenced strain CBS138 in a replicative vector to complement null mutants in each of these genes in the BG14 background. All the SIR2 and SIR4 alleles tested from selected hyper-adherent isolates were functional and efficient to silence a URA3 reporter gene inserted in a subtelomeric region. The SIR3 alleles from these isolates were also functional, except the allele from isolate MC2 (sir3-MC2), which was not functional to silence the reporter and did not complement the hyperadherent phenotype of the BG14 sir3Δ. Consistently, sir3-MC2 allele is recessive to the SIR3 allele from BG14. Sir3 and Sir4 alleles from the hyperadherent isolates contain several polymorphisms and two of them are present in all the hyperadherent isolates analyzed. Instead, the Sir3 and Sir4 alleles from the BG14 and another non-adherent isolate do not display these polymorphisms and are identical to each other. The particular combination of polymorphisms in sir3-MC2 and in SIR4-MC2 could explain in part the hyperadherent phenotype displayed by this isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osney Leiva-Peláez
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, Camino a la Presa San José #2055, Col. Lomas 4a, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Escobedo
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, Camino a la Presa San José #2055, Col. Lomas 4a, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Eunice López-Fuentes
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, Camino a la Presa San José #2055, Col. Lomas 4a, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - José Cruz-Mora
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, Camino a la Presa San José #2055, Col. Lomas 4a, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Alejandro De Las Peñas
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, Camino a la Presa San José #2055, Col. Lomas 4a, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Irene Castaño
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, División de Biología Molecular, Camino a la Presa San José #2055, Col. Lomas 4a, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang F, Wang C, Chen L, Liu H, Lu H, Wen H, Zhou T. Unravelling mechanisms of nitrofurantoin resistance and epidemiological characteristics among Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:226-232. [PMID: 29753133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms of nitrofurantoin resistance and epidemiological characteristics in Escherichia coli clinical isolates. From a total of 1444 E. coli clinical isolates collected from our hospital in 2015, 18 (1.2%) nitrofurantoin-resistant E. coli isolates were identified with nitrofurantoin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 128 µg/mL to ≥512 µg/mL. The prevalence of the nfsA gene in nitrofurantoin-resistant, -intermediate and -susceptible isolates was 88.9%, 88.9% and 100%, respectively, and the prevalence of the nfsB gene was 66.7%, 61.1% and 100%, respectively. Eight nitrofurantoin-resistant isolates and two nitrofurantoin-intermediate isolates possessed oqxAB genes. In nitrofurantoin-resistant isolates, mutations in NfsA (the majority of mutated sites were I117T and G187D, accounting for 38.9%) and/or NfsB were detected, whereas only NfsA mutations were found in intermediate isolates and no sequence changes were detected in susceptible isolates. A ≥4-fold decrease in MIC was observed in eight nitrofurantoin-resistant isolates following addition of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The mean expression level of oqxB in nitrofurantoin-resistant isolates increased ca. 7-fold compared with intermediate isolates. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) categorised the 18 nitrofurantoin-resistant isolates into 11 different sequence types. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis revealed that homology among the nitrofurantoin-resistant isolates was low and sporadic. In conclusion, mutations in nfsA and nfsB were the main mechanisms leading to nitrofurantoin resistance, and overexpression of the oqxAB gene might help to further increase the MIC of nitrofurantoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Wen
- Nosocomial Infection Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Eladli MG, Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Kadaikunnan S, Alobaidi AS, Alyahya SA. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients and healthy students comparing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from pasteurized milk. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:1285-1290. [PMID: 31516359 PMCID: PMC6733385 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococci are a global issue affecting humans, animals, and numerous natural environments. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen frequently isolated from patients and healthy individuals. This study aimed to examine the antibiotic resistance of S. epidermidis isolated from patients, healthy students and compare the results with antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from pasteurized milk. Clinical strain isolation was performed in several hospitals in the Riyadh. Skin swabs from 100 healthy undergraduate candidate students were obtained at King Saud University. The pasteurized milk samples were obtained from local market (company, X). After isolation, identification and susceptibility tests were performed using an automated system. A multiplex tuf gene-based PCR assay was used to confirm identification. Biofilm production and biofilm-related gene expression were studied. S. epidermidis represented 17% of clinical bacterial isolates, and 1.7% of isolates obtained from healthy students were multiantibiotic-resistant. All patient strains were teicoplanin- and vancomycin-susceptible, while all student strains were gentamicin-, levofloxacin-, moxifloxacin-, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-susceptible. All the bacteria isolated from pasteurized milk were benzylpenicillin and oxacillin-resistant strains. Of the S. epidermidis strains, 91% could produce biofilms, and mecA, icaADBR, ica-ADB, ica-AD, ica-A only, and ica-C only were expressed in 83, 17.1, 25.7, 37.1, 20, and 0% of the strains, respectively. This work demonstrates that S. epidermidis can be accurately identified using a multiplex tuf-based assay, and that multiantibiotic-resistant S. epidermidis strains are widespread amongst patients and healthy students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed G Eladli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 4255, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 4255, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 4255, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thamar University, Yemen
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 4255, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Alobaidi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 4255, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alyahya
- National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Zaki MES, Abou ElKheir N, Mofreh M. Molecular Study of Quinolone Resistance Determining Regions of gyrA Gene and parC Gene s in Clinical Isolates of Acintobacter baumannii Resistant to Fluoroquinolone. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:116-122. [PMID: 29785218 PMCID: PMC5958293 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acinetobacterb aumannii (A. baumannii) is an important pathogen in health care associated infections. Quinolone resistance has emerged in this pathogen. Aims & Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of mutations of gyrA gene and parC genes by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Polymerase Chain Reaction (RFLP-PCR) among clinical isolates of A. baumanii. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 140 clinical isolates of A. baumannii. The isolates were subjected to molecular study of mutations of gyrA gene and parC genes by RFLP–PCR beside determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by macro dilution tube method. Results: The isolates of A. baumannii were resistant to ciprofloxacine and levofloxacin at MIC >4 µg/ml. The most isolates had MIC >128 µg/ml (42.3%). All resistant strains to ciprofloxacin of A. baumannii had mutations in gyrA and parC. The most frequent mutations were combined mutations in both genes (85.5%) and 5% had single mutation either in gyrA or parC. The most frequently combined mutations were associated with MIC >128 µg/ml (42.3%). Conclusion: From this study we can conclude that resistance to ciprofloxacin was common in clinical isolates of A. baumannii. The most frequent mutations were present in gyrA and parC. However, mutations in parC alone were not uncommon. Further large scale studies are required to elucidate the resistance pattern of A. baumannii and its molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaa El Sayed Zaki
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nermen Abou ElKheir
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mofreh
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as important candidate therapeutic agents, which exert potent microbicidal properties against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. Based on our previous findings king cobra cathelicidin (OH-CATH) is a 34-amino acid peptide that exerts strong antibacterial and weak hemolytic activity. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of both OH-CATH30 and its analog D-OH-CATH30 against clinical isolates comparing with routinely utilized antibiotics in vitro. In this study, 584 clinical isolates were tested (spanning 2013–2016) and the efficacy of the candidate peptides and antibiotics were determined by a broth microdilution method according to the CLSI guidelines. Among the 584 clinical isolates, 85% were susceptible to OH-CATH30 and its analogs. Both L- and D-OH-CATH30 showed higher efficacy against (toward) Gram-positive bacteria and stronger antibacterial activity against nearly all Gram-negative bacteria tested compare with antibiotics. The highest bactericidal activity was detected against Acinetobacter spp., including multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The overall efficacy of OH-CATH30 and its analogs was higher than that of the 9 routinely used antibiotics. OH-CATH30 is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections which are resistant to many routinely used antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Medicinal Edible Resources Development and Utilization in Yunnan Province, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Puer University, Puer Yunnan 665000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China. .,Institute of Comparative Study of Traditional Materia Medica, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Medicinal Edible Resources Development and Utilization in Yunnan Province, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Puer University, Puer Yunnan 665000, China.
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Medicinal Edible Resources Development and Utilization in Yunnan Province, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Puer University, Puer Yunnan 665000, China.
| | - Fang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Medicinal Edible Resources Development and Utilization in Yunnan Province, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Puer University, Puer Yunnan 665000, China. .,Institute of Comparative Study of Traditional Materia Medica, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
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Vinué L, Hooper DC, Jacoby GA. Chromosomal mutations that accompany qnr in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:479-483. [PMID: 29360506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined 13 qnr-positive and 14 qnr-negative clinical isolates of Escherichia coli for mutations previously seen in a qnr-containing laboratory strain exposed to supra minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin. Among the qnr-positive strains, those with ciprofloxacin MICs of ≥ 2 µg/mL had at least one mutation in gyrA. Mutations in parC were present in strains with a ciprofloxacin MIC of ≥ 128 µg/mL. The 6 most ciprofloxacin-resistant strains contained additional plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants. aac(6')-Ib-cr was found in 5 of the 6 strains. Eleven of the 13 strains had alterations in MarR, 9 in SoxR, and 5 had mutations in AcrR. All had elevated expression of at least one efflux pump gene, predominantly acrA (92% of the strains), followed by mdtE (54%) and ydhE (46%). Nine had functionally silent alterations in rfa, two had mutations in gmhB, and one of these also had a mutation in surA. An E. coli with ciprofloxacin MIC of 1024 µg/mL contained 4 different plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants as well as gyrA, parC, parE and pump overexpression mutations. Nine of the 14 qnr-negative strains had mutations in topoisomerase genes with a ciprofloxacin MIC of 0.25 to 256 µg/mL. The three most resistant strains also had mutations in parE. Twelve had alterations in MarR, 10 in SoxR and 5 in AcrR. Ten of the 14 strains had elevated expression of efflux pumps with acrA (71.4%), followed by ydhE (50%) and mdtE (14.3%). A diversity of resistance mechanisms occurs in clinical isolates with and without qnr genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vinué
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - David C Hooper
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George A Jacoby
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
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