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Roy S, Aung MS, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Mazid R, Khan MS, Barman TK, Arafa P, Sathi FA, Nila SS, Jahan A, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Kobayashi N. Genetic characterization of methicillin-resistant / susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) and Staphylococcus argenteus clinical isolates in Bangladesh: Dominance of ST6-MRSA-IV/t304 and detection of cfr/ fexA in ST8-MSSA/t008. IJID Reg 2024; 10:132-139. [PMID: 38283056 PMCID: PMC10819717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Coagulase-positive staphylococcus (CoPS), represented by Staphylococcus aureus, is a major cause of infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate molecular epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and their trends of CoPS in Bangladesh. Methods Clinical isolates of CoPS were collected from two medical institutions in Bangladesh for a 2-year period and analyzed for their species, genotypes, virulence factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance determinants. Results 172 CoPS isolates collected were identified as S. aureus or S. argenteus (170 and two, respectively). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 36% (n = 61), having Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)-IV (82%) or V (18%). Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected at higher rate in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (62%) than MRSA (26%). MRSA comprised 11 STs, including a dominant type ST6 (46%) associated with mostly SCCmec-IVa/spa-t304, and one isolate had genetic features of the USA300 clone (ST8/SCCmec-IVa/coa-IIIa/spa-t008/ACME-I/ΦSa2USA). STs of CC1, CC88, and CC398 were common in MSSA, with CC88 showing the highest PVL-positive rate. One MSSA isolate (ST8/spa-t008) harbored fexA and cfr showing susceptibility to linezolid. S. argenteus was methicillin-susceptible and belonged to ST2250/coa-XId. Conclusions Genetic characteristics of current MRSA/MSSA in Bangladesh were revealed, with first identification of S. argenteus at low prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjukta Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rummana Mazid
- Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahed Khan
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Parvez Arafa
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Afsana Jahan
- Microbiology Department, Pabna Medical College, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Ferdaus SJ, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Sadekuzzaman M, Karim MR, Islam SM, Al Mamun A, Sathi FA, Basak P, Nahid RB, Aktar S, Kobayashi N. The Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants of Helicobacter pylori Detected in Dyspeptic Patients in North-Central Bangladesh. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:181-188. [PMID: 38525761 PMCID: PMC10961801 DOI: 10.3390/idr16020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection of Helicobacter pylori represents a key factor in the etiology of gastrointestinal diseases, with high endemicity in South Asia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among dyspeptic patients in north-central Bangladesh (Mymensingh) and analyze risk factors of infection and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants in the pathogen. Endoscopic gastrointestinal biopsy samples were collected from dyspeptic patients for a one-year period from March 2022 and were checked for the presence of H. pylori via the rapid urease test and PCR and further analyzed for the status of virulence factors vacA/cagA and genetic determinants related to AMR via PCR with direct sequencing or RFLP. Among a total of 221 samples collected, 80 (36%) were positive for H. pylori, with the vacA+/cagA+ genotype being detected in almost half of them. H. pylori was most prevalent in the age group of 41-50-year-olds, with it being more common in males and rural residents with a lower economic status and using nonfiltered water, though the rates of these factors were not significantly different from those of the H. pylori-negative group. Relatively higher frequency was noted for the A2147G mutation in 23S rRNA, related to clarithromycin resistance (18%, 7/39). Amino acid substitutions in PBP-1A (T556S) and GyrA (N87K and D91N) and a 200 bp deletion in rdxA were detected in samples from some patients with recurrence after treatment with amoxicillin, levofloxacin, and metronidazole, respectively. The present study describes the epidemiological features of H. pylori infection in the area outside the capital in Bangladesh, revealing the spread of AMR-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Jannatul Ferdaus
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | | | - Syeda Anjuman Nasreen
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Mohammad Sadekuzzaman
- Department of Livestock Services, Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL), 48, KaziAlauddin Road, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammad Reazul Karim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh;
| | - Syed Mahmudul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Proma Basak
- Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj 2300, Bangladesh;
| | - Rifat Binte Nahid
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Suraiya Aktar
- Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Central International Medical College and Hospital, 2/1 Ring Road, Shyamoli, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Khan MS, Mamun AA, Khan MSI, Sathi FA, Paul SK, Nasrim SA, Haque N, Arafa P, Nila SS, Roy S, Nahar A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Blood Culture of Pediatric Patients with Suspected Sepsis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2024; 33:49-61. [PMID: 38163773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious, life-threatening condition, occurring when an infectious agent invades the body, resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Neonates and children are among the most vulnerable population groups of developing sepsis because of their weak immune barrier. Despite major advances in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections, invasive infections followed by sepsis remain one of the leading causes of childhood mortality. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial agents and antimicrobial resistance patterns of aerobic bacteria among children suspected of having sepsis. This cross-sectional descriptive type of observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from March 2021 to February 2022. Blood samples were collected from pediatric patients, suspected of having sepsis referred from inpatient facility of department of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH). Blood samples were inoculated into BacT/ALERT PF Plus bottles followed by sub-culture of positive samples in blood agar, MacConkey agar and chocolate agar plates. Isolated bacteria were identified by routine biochemical tests. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of all isolated bacteria was seen by disk diffusion method. MIC of vancomycin by agar dilution method was determined for isolated S. aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS). The prevalence of pediatric sepsis was 31.82% with highest isolation rate 35.55% among neonates. The isolation rate of gram-positive bacteria was 62.50% where S. aureus was the most common isolate 32.15% followed by CoNS 30.36%. Out of 21 gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. was the most frequent isolate 7(33.33%), all of which were resistant to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime along with all klebsiella and Acinetobacter isolates. Out of 18 S. aureus isolates, 94.44%, 88.89% and 66.67% were resistant to Azithromycin, Penicillin-G and Ciprofloxacin respectively. The MIC of Vancomycin by agar dilution method was observed <2μg/ml against all isolated S. aureus and CoNS. All the Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to Linezolid and Vancomycin. Early detection of bacteria followed by antimicrobial susceptibility test can help by selection of appropriate antibiotic and prevent spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Khan
- Dr Md Shahed Khan, Lecturer, Oral Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Islam A, Haque N, Khatun A, Roy S, Rahman MM, Sathi FA, Hasan MS, Abedin S. Different RT-PCR Protocol used in SARS-Cov2 PCR Laboratory of Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:911-921. [PMID: 37777880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The novel corona virus (SARS CoV-2) was first detected on Wuhan, China. After that it spread worldwide and has caused many deaths till now. This virus is also known as novel corona virus because of being newly discovered. Scientifically it is named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has positive-single stranded RNA and several proteins such as spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and the other helper proteins. On the basis of phylogenic evidence, it is the new member of beta corona viruses and this group of viruses causes respiratory illness in human. This virus is detected in laboratory by using RT-PCR, by which different target gene such as E gene, S gene, N gene and RdRP (ORF1a-ORF1b) etc. are detected. This study was carried out at Mymensingh Medical College from April 2020 to December 2020. Around 65000 samples (nasopharyngeal swab) were tested during this period by three PCR protocols. By Sansure PCR kit N and ORF1a target genes were detected, Basphore's target genes were E and ORF and by Neoplex PCR kit N and RdRp genes were detected. Most of samples were tested by Sansure kit (62500), 2000 samples were screened by Bosphore kit and 500 samples by Neoplex. Among them, 6876(11.0%) samples were positive by Sansure, 120(6.0%) by Bosphore and 66(13.2%) by Neoplex. Among the positive samples, N gene 6188(90.0%) was mostly found by Sansure kit, whereas ORF was 120(100.0%) mostly found by Bosphore.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Islam
- Dr Arup Islam, Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Afrin SZ, Sathi FA, Nooruzzaman M, Parvin R. Molecular insights into the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant from Bangladesh suggest diverse and continuous evolution. Virology 2023; 587:109882. [PMID: 37757731 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The study analyzed the molecular dynamics of the circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant from its identification in November 2021 to January 2023. The SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Bangladesh revealed three distinct waves of the Omicron variant. More than 50 sub-lineages of Omicron variant were introduced into the country, with the majority belonging to the major lineages of BA.1-like (24.91%), BA.2-like (43.35%), BA.5-like (5.76%), XBB (10.47%), and "Others and Unassigned" (18.64%). Furthermore, the relative frequencies over time revealed that Omicron lineages existed for a short period of time before being replaced by other sub-lineages. Many potential mutations were found in the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein including G339D/H, S371 L/F, K417 N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, and N501Y. In conclusion, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant from Bangladesh showed diverse genetic features and continuous evolution. Therefore, the choice of vaccine and monitoring of hospitalized patients is important alongside genetic characterization of the circulating SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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Alam MM, Biplob JA, Sathi FA, Nila SS, Paul A, Khanam J, Chowdhury CS, Khan MS. Ear Infections by Non albicans Candida Species with Isolation of Rare Drug Resistant Species in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:644-648. [PMID: 37391953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Otomycosis, a fungal infection of external ear, is challenging for both patients and otolaryngologist as it requires long term treatment and follow up. Candida spp. is second common organism causing otomycosis with Aspergillus being first. Among Candida species, C. albicans is considered as most common but in recent years there is increasing incidence of Non albicans Candida (NAC) species with greater resistance and recurrence. This descriptive type of observational study was planned to determine the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. causing otomycosis. From March 2021 to February 2022, 60 patients clinically suspected of Candida associated otomycosis at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh were enrolled. Specimens were taken by an otorhinolaryngologist. After culture and microscopic examination, isolated Candida species were identified by phenotypic and genotypic method and antifungal susceptibility was determined at Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College. From 60 samples 18(30.0%) were positive for Candida on microscopy and culture. Of the isolates, C. albicans were 2(11.11%) and Non albicans Candida (NAC) 16(88.89%). Five different NAC species were identified of which C. parapsilosis was predominant 5(27.77%) followed by C. tropicalis 4(22.22%) and C. famata 3(16.67%). Rare species of C. ciferrii 2(11.11)%, Kodamaea ohmeri 2(11.11%) were isolated. Candida spp. showed highest resistance to Clotrimazole 8(44.0%) followed by Itraconazole 6(33.0%), Nystatin 4(22.0%) and Fluconazole 3(17.0%). C. ciferrii and Kodamaea ohmeri showed resistance to all antifungals except Nystatin. Outcomes from this study showed a different picture of species distribution, with isolation of rare and emerging drug resistant threatening species like C. ciferri and Kodamea ohmeri which necessitates more detailed survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Alam
- Dr Mohammad Monirul Alam, Assistant Professor, Department of ENT, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Sathi FA, Alam MM, Paul SK, Nasrin SA, Ahmed S, Haque N, Khan MS, Mamun AA, Khan S, Arafa P. Species Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida Isolates in Patients with Vulvovaginitis from Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:638-643. [PMID: 37391952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC), a frequent and cumbersome reproductive tract infection affects women's physical and mental health. Although Candida albicans was reported as the most common agent of VVC yet, recently there are significant changes in the pattern of Candida species causing VVC with varying antifungal susceptibility pattern. Therefore this cross-sectional, descriptive type of observational study conducted to identify the spectrum of Candida species associated with VVC and assesses their antifungal susceptibility pattern from March 2021 to February 2022. High vaginal swabs from 175 patients clinically suspected of VVC were collected and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar with Chloramphenicol. Species were identified by phenotypic methods like- germ tube test, sub-culture in chromogenic agar media and genotypic methods like- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Antifungal susceptibility was done by disk diffusion method. Out of 175 patients, 52(29.7%) were positive for Candida species. Of the isolates- C. albicans 34(65.0%), Non albicans Candida (NAC) 18(35.0%). Among NAC, C. glabrata 5(9.6%), C. tropicalis 5(9.6%), C. parapsilosis 4(7.7%) and each of C. krusei, C. kefyr, C. ciferrii, C. dubliniensis were 1(1.9%). On susceptibility testing highest resistance was to Clotrimazole 31.0% followed by Nystatin 13.0%, Itraconazole 12.0% and Fluconazole 10.0%. Resistance to azole was higher in NAC than in albicans. Of these patients, 16(31.0%) had history of recurrent VVC (RVVC) of which 12(75.0%) were by NAC, predominantly C. glabrata 5(32.0%). The results showed the increasing incidence of NAC associated vaginitis with higher resistance and recurrence that should be considered in gynecology clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Sathi
- Dr Fardousi Akter Sathi, Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Sathi FA, Aung MS, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Roy S, Ahmed S, Alam MM, Khan S, Rabbany MA, Biswas JP, Kobayashi N. Clonal Diversity of Candida auris, Candida blankii, and Kodamaea ohmeri Isolated from Septicemia and Otomycosis in Bangladesh as Determined by Multilocus Sequence Typing. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:658. [PMID: 37367594 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris, Candida blankii, and Kodamaea ohmeri have been regarded as emerging fungal pathogens that can cause infections with high mortality. For genotyping of C. auris, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on four locus sequences has been reported, while there is no typing scheme for C. blankii and K. ohmeri. In the present study, the existing MLST scheme of C. auris was modified by adding more locus types deduced from sequence data available in the GenBank database. Furthermore, MLST schemes of C. blankii and K. ohmeri were developed using the four cognate loci (ITS, RPB1, RPB2, D1/D2) and similar sequence regions to those of C. auris. These MLST schemes were applied to identify the ST (sequence type) of clinical isolates of C. auris (n = 7), C. blankii (n = 9), and K. ohmeri (n = 6), derived from septicemia or otomycosis in Bangladesh in 2021. All the C. auris isolates were classified into a single ST (ST5) and clade I, having a Y132F substitution in ERG11p, which is associated with azole resistance. Similarly, all the C. blankii isolates belonged to a single type (ST1). In contrast, six K. ohmeri isolates were assigned to five types (ST1-ST5), suggesting its higher genetic diversity. These findings revealed the availability of MLST schemes for these three fungal species for understanding their clonal diversity among clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sangjukta Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Ahmed
- Mugda Medical College, Dhaka 1214, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shahed Khan
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif Rabbany
- Department of Neonatology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Joy Prokas Biswas
- Department of Pathology, Netrokona Medical College, Netrokona 2400, Bangladesh
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Sathi FA, Paul SK, Ahmed S, Alam MM, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Islam A, Nila SS, Afrin SZ, Aung MS, Kobayashi N. Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinically Relevant Candida Species, Identification of Candida auris and Kodamaea ohmeri in Bangladesh. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7090211. [PMID: 36136623 PMCID: PMC9506023 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species are major fungal pathogens in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of individual Candida species and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs among clinical isolates in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. During a 10-month period in 2021, high vaginal swabs (HVSs), blood, and aural swabs were collected from 360 patients. From these specimens, Candida spp. was isolated from cultures on Sabouraud dextrose agar media, and phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed. A total of 109 isolates were recovered, and C. albicans accounted for 37%, being derived mostly from HVSs. Among non-albicans Candida (NAC), C. parapsilosis was the most frequent, followed by C. ciferrii, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. Three isolates from blood and two isolates from aural discharge were genetically identified as C. auris and Kodamaea ohmeri, respectively. NAC isolates were more resistant to fluconazole (overall rate, 29%) than C. albicans (10%). Candida isolates from blood showed 95% susceptibility to voriconazole and less susceptibility to fluconazole (67%). Two or three amino acid substitutions were detected in the ERG11 of two fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates. The present study is the first to reveal the prevalence of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | | | - Salma Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Mugda Medical College, Dhaka 1214, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Arup Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Shabnam Nila
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Zahura Afrin
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111
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