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Kudo K, Noda T, Sasaoka Y, Togashi A, Aung MS, Sakai Y, Tsugawa T, Kobayashi N. Severe cervical abscess due to PVL-positive ST6562 MRSA-IVa, a presumptive variant of ST8-IVa USA300 clone in northern Japan. New Microbes New Infect 2024; 58:101230. [PMID: 38420217 PMCID: PMC10901134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuta Sasaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuo Togashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Roy S, Aung MS, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Mazid R, Khan MS, Barman TK, Arafa P, Sathi FA, Nila SS, Jahan A, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Kobayashi N. Genetic characterization of methicillin-resistant / susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) and Staphylococcus argenteus clinical isolates in Bangladesh: Dominance of ST6-MRSA-IV/t304 and detection of cfr/ fexA in ST8-MSSA/t008. IJID Reg 2024; 10:132-139. [PMID: 38283056 PMCID: PMC10819717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Coagulase-positive staphylococcus (CoPS), represented by Staphylococcus aureus, is a major cause of infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate molecular epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and their trends of CoPS in Bangladesh. Methods Clinical isolates of CoPS were collected from two medical institutions in Bangladesh for a 2-year period and analyzed for their species, genotypes, virulence factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance determinants. Results 172 CoPS isolates collected were identified as S. aureus or S. argenteus (170 and two, respectively). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 36% (n = 61), having Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)-IV (82%) or V (18%). Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected at higher rate in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (62%) than MRSA (26%). MRSA comprised 11 STs, including a dominant type ST6 (46%) associated with mostly SCCmec-IVa/spa-t304, and one isolate had genetic features of the USA300 clone (ST8/SCCmec-IVa/coa-IIIa/spa-t008/ACME-I/ΦSa2USA). STs of CC1, CC88, and CC398 were common in MSSA, with CC88 showing the highest PVL-positive rate. One MSSA isolate (ST8/spa-t008) harbored fexA and cfr showing susceptibility to linezolid. S. argenteus was methicillin-susceptible and belonged to ST2250/coa-XId. Conclusions Genetic characteristics of current MRSA/MSSA in Bangladesh were revealed, with first identification of S. argenteus at low prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjukta Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rummana Mazid
- Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahed Khan
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Parvez Arafa
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Afsana Jahan
- Microbiology Department, Pabna Medical College, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Monteagudo B, Marqués FM, Gibelin J, Orr NA, Corsi A, Kubota Y, Casal J, Gómez-Camacho J, Authelet G, Baba H, Caesar C, Calvet D, Delbart A, Dozono M, Feng J, Flavigny F, Gheller JM, Giganon A, Gillibert A, Hasegawa K, Isobe T, Kanaya Y, Kawakami S, Kim D, Kiyokawa Y, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi T, Kondo Y, Korkulu Z, Koyama S, Lapoux V, Maeda Y, Motobayashi T, Miyazaki T, Nakamura T, Nakatsuka N, Nishio Y, Obertelli A, Ohkura A, Ota S, Otsu H, Ozaki T, Panin V, Paschalis S, Pollacco EC, Reichert S, Rousse JY, Saito AT, Sakaguchi S, Sako M, Santamaria C, Sasano M, Sato H, Shikata M, Shimizu Y, Shindo Y, Stuhl L, Sumikama T, Sun YL, Tabata M, Togano Y, Tsubota J, Uesaka T, Yang ZH, Yasuda J, Yoneda K, Zenihiro J. Mass, Spectroscopy, and Two-Neutron Decay of ^{16}Be. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:082501. [PMID: 38457706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The structure and decay of the most neutron-rich beryllium isotope, ^{16}Be, has been investigated following proton knockout from a high-energy ^{17}B beam. Two relatively narrow resonances were observed for the first time, with energies of 0.84(3) and 2.15(5) MeV above the two-neutron decay threshold and widths of 0.32(8) and 0.95(15) MeV, respectively. These were assigned to be the ground (J^{π}=0^{+}) and first excited (2^{+}) state, with E_{x}=1.31(6) MeV. The mass excess of ^{16}Be was thus deduced to be 56.93(13) MeV, some 0.5 MeV more bound than the only previous measurement. Both states were observed to decay by direct two-neutron emission. Calculations incorporating the evolution of the wave function during the decay as a genuine three-body process reproduced the principal characteristics of the neutron-neutron energy spectra for both levels, indicating that the ground state exhibits a strong spatially compact dineutron component, while the 2^{+} level presents a far more diffuse neutron-neutron distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Monteagudo
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Caen, Normandie Université, 14050 Caen, France
- FRIB, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F M Marqués
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Caen, Normandie Université, 14050 Caen, France
| | - J Gibelin
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Caen, Normandie Université, 14050 Caen, France
| | - N A Orr
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Caen, Normandie Université, 14050 Caen, France
| | - A Corsi
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y Kubota
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Casal
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" and INFN-Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1065, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Gómez-Camacho
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1065, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - G Authelet
- Département des Accélérateurs, de Cryogénie et de Magnétisme, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Baba
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Caesar
- Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Calvet
- Département d'électronique des Détecteurs et d'Informatique pour la Physique, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Delbart
- Département d'électronique des Détecteurs et d'Informatique pour la Physique, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Dozono
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J Feng
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - F Flavigny
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, IN2P3-CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J-M Gheller
- Département des Accélérateurs, de Cryogénie et de Magnétisme, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Giganon
- Département d'électronique des Détecteurs et d'Informatique pour la Physique, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Gillibert
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Hasegawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Isobe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Kanaya
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - S Kawakami
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - D Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kiyokawa
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Kondo
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Z Korkulu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Koyama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - V Lapoux
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y Maeda
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - T Motobayashi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - N Nakatsuka
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Nishio
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0367, Japan
| | - A Obertelli
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Ohkura
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0367, Japan
| | - S Ota
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Otsu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Ozaki
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - V Panin
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Paschalis
- Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E C Pollacco
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Reichert
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Munchen, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - J-Y Rousse
- Département d'Ingénierie des Systèmes, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A T Saito
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - S Sakaguchi
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0367, Japan
| | - M Sako
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Santamaria
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Sasano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Sato
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Shikata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Y Shimizu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Shindo
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0367, Japan
| | - L Stuhl
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Sumikama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y L Sun
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Tabata
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0367, Japan
| | - Y Togano
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - J Tsubota
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Uesaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Z H Yang
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Yasuda
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0367, Japan
| | - K Yoneda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Zenihiro
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Ferdaus SJ, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Sadekuzzaman M, Karim MR, Islam SM, Al Mamun A, Sathi FA, Basak P, Nahid RB, Aktar S, Kobayashi N. The Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants of Helicobacter pylori Detected in Dyspeptic Patients in North-Central Bangladesh. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:181-188. [PMID: 38525761 PMCID: PMC10961801 DOI: 10.3390/idr16020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection of Helicobacter pylori represents a key factor in the etiology of gastrointestinal diseases, with high endemicity in South Asia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among dyspeptic patients in north-central Bangladesh (Mymensingh) and analyze risk factors of infection and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants in the pathogen. Endoscopic gastrointestinal biopsy samples were collected from dyspeptic patients for a one-year period from March 2022 and were checked for the presence of H. pylori via the rapid urease test and PCR and further analyzed for the status of virulence factors vacA/cagA and genetic determinants related to AMR via PCR with direct sequencing or RFLP. Among a total of 221 samples collected, 80 (36%) were positive for H. pylori, with the vacA+/cagA+ genotype being detected in almost half of them. H. pylori was most prevalent in the age group of 41-50-year-olds, with it being more common in males and rural residents with a lower economic status and using nonfiltered water, though the rates of these factors were not significantly different from those of the H. pylori-negative group. Relatively higher frequency was noted for the A2147G mutation in 23S rRNA, related to clarithromycin resistance (18%, 7/39). Amino acid substitutions in PBP-1A (T556S) and GyrA (N87K and D91N) and a 200 bp deletion in rdxA were detected in samples from some patients with recurrence after treatment with amoxicillin, levofloxacin, and metronidazole, respectively. The present study describes the epidemiological features of H. pylori infection in the area outside the capital in Bangladesh, revealing the spread of AMR-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Jannatul Ferdaus
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | | | - Syeda Anjuman Nasreen
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Mohammad Sadekuzzaman
- Department of Livestock Services, Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL), 48, KaziAlauddin Road, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammad Reazul Karim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh;
| | - Syed Mahmudul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Proma Basak
- Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj 2300, Bangladesh;
| | - Rifat Binte Nahid
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Suraiya Aktar
- Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Central International Medical College and Hospital, 2/1 Ring Road, Shyamoli, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Hirose M, Kimura Y, Kudo K, Ito M, Kobayashi N. Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Bloodstream Infections in Northern Japan: Increasing Trend of CC1 and Identification of ST8-SCC mec IVa USA300-Like Isolate Lacking Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:63-72. [PMID: 38100132 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major infectious disease pathogen, and its molecular epidemiological profile has been changing. In this study, a total of 279 MRSA isolates were collected from patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) in Hokkaido, northern main island of Japan, for a 2-year period from August 2019 to July 2021. CC5 (ST5/ST764)-MRSA-IIa (SCCmec-IIa) (47%, n = 132) and CC1 (ST1/ST2725/ST2764)-MRSA-IVa (42%, n = 116) were found to be major lineages, with CC8-MRSA-IVa being lower prevalence (5%, n = 13). CC1-MRSA-IVa showed a relatively increased proportion compared with our previous study (22%, 2017-2019). Seven isolates with SCCmec IVa (2.5%) were positive for Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes on ΦSa2usa and belonged to ST8/spa-t008/agr-I/coa-IIIa, showing genetic features of the USA300 clone. Among these isolates, six isolates harbored arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) type I typical to the USA300 clone, while it was not detected in an isolate (strain R3-8). Whole genomic analysis of strain R3-8 revealed that its chromosome was highly similar to the USA300 strain TCH1516, but lacked ACME, carrying a plasmid genetically close to that of USA300 strains. The present study revealed increasing trend of CC1-MRSA-IV and occurrence of a novel variant of the USA300 clone among MRSA from BSI in northern Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mina Hirose
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kimura
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Incorporated, Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kudo
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Incorporated, Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Incorporated, Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Kawaguchiya M, Urushibara N, Aung MS, Ohashi N, Takamatsu R, Tsutida S, Ito M, Kobayashi N. Spread of multidrug resistance in non-PCV13/PCV20 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae: A cross-sectional study ten years after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Japan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2023; 56:1288-1292. [PMID: 37517964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Ten years after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in Japan, the prevalence rates of non-PCV13 and non-PCV20 serotypes among pediatric pneumococcal isolates were 94.0% and 73.7%, respectively. The predominant non-PCV13/PCV20 serotypes (15A, 35B, and 23A) were mostly multidrug-resistant (≥80.5%), exhibiting non-susceptibility to penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Sho Tsutida
- Sapporo Mirai Laboratory, Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Mirai Laboratory, Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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7
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Jahan A, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Roy S, Sultana M, Hossain T, Nila SS, Ahmad FU, Ahmed S, Aung MS, Kobayashi N. Genetic Characterization of the Dengue Virus Type 3 Genotype I Prevailing in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2021. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:634-638. [PMID: 37603293 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In Bangladesh, dengue has been prevalent since its resurgence in 2018, and the dominant causative virus in 2019 was considered dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3). However, limited information is available for DENV serotype/genotype circulating after 2020. Materials and Methods: Viral RNA was extracted from NS1 antigen-positive blood samples of febrile patients in Dhaka, in 2021. DENV gene was detected by semi-nested RT-PCR, and sequences of envelope (E) gene and C-prM gene were determined by direct sequencing of RT-PCR products for genetic analysis. Results: Among 172 NS1-positive samples collected, 91 samples were assigned to DENV-3 and DENV-2 (88 and 3 samples, respectively) by RT-PCR targeting the C-prM gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the E gene for the 17 representative DENV-3 samples showed that all the viruses belonged to genotype I, forming a cluster (B-cluster) with those of DENV-3 reported in Bangladesh in 2017. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of E protein revealed 16 amino acid substitutions, including two novel ones (G221W, L285P), and a substitution T223I that was specifically found in DENV-3 B-cluster. Conclusion: This study showed the persistent predominance of DENV-3 genotype I in Bangladesh having unique genetic traits in the E gene. (Approval number: MMC/IRB/2022/468).
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Jahan
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Pabna Medical College, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Shyamal Kumar Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Netrokona Medical College, Netrokona, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sangjukta Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Monira Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Nilphamari Medical College, Nilphamari, Bangladesh
| | - Tasmia Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Salma Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Mugda Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Matsuda N, Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Taniguchi K, Kudo K, Ito M, Kobayashi N. Prevalence, clonal diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella variicola clinical isolates in northern Japan. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:11-18. [PMID: 37604276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) and Klebsiella variicola (hvKv) cause hospital/community-acquired infections, often associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of hvKp and hvKv in northern Japan. METHODS A total of 500 K. pneumoniae and 421 K. variicola clinical isolates collected from August to December 2021 were studied. Prevalence of virulence factor-encoding genes, wzi sequence and associated K/KL type, sequence type (ST), and beta-lactamases and their types were characterized. RESULTS Any virulence gene (rmpA, rmpA2, peg-344, iucA, iutA, and iroB) and/or magA was detected in 25% (n = 125) of K. pneumoniae and 1% (n = 5) of K. variicola. Among these hvKp/hvKv, 22 wzi types (18 and 4 types, respectively) and 24 STs (20 and 4 STs, respectively) were identified. Sequence types of hvKp were classified into some clonal groups (CGs), among which CG35, including six STs, was the most common (n = 59; 47%), followed by CG23, and CG65. ST268 (CG35) associated with wzi95-K20 or wzi720 was the dominant lineage (n = 43, 34%), while K1:ST23/ST249 and K2:ST65/ST86 accounted for 26% and 13% of hvKp, respectively. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes (blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-15, and blaCTX-M-27) were detected in only ST23 and CG35 (ST268 and ST412) hvKp. No isolate was resistant to carbapenems, without detection of the ESBL gene in K. variicola. Phylogenetically, wzi was differentiated into two main clusters of K. pneumoniae and K. variicola. A major clonal group CG347 was identified in K. variicola. CONCLUSION Clonal structures were revealed for hvKp and hvKv clinical isolates with their AMR status in northern Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Matsuda
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Kudo
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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9
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Harada N, Togashi A, Aung MS, Kunizaki J, Nogami K, Nagaoka Y, Ishii A, Kosukegawa I, Aisaka W, Nakamura S, Wakabayashi T, Tsugawa T, Kobayashi N. Acute osteomyelitis/septic pulmonary embolism associated with familial infections caused by PVL-positive ST6562 MRSA-IVa, a presumptive variant of USA300 clone. IJID Reg 2023; 8:16-18. [PMID: 37583479 PMCID: PMC10423663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) occasionally causes severe invasive infections. A 10-year-old immunocompetent boy in Hokkaido, the northern main island of Japan, was admitted with acute osteomyelitis of the right ilium, complicated by septic thrombophlebitis of the right common iliac vein and septic pulmonary embolism. As MRSA was isolated from blood and sputum samples of the patient, linezolid and vancomycin were initially used for treatment, and later clindamycin was added based on PCR-positive results for PVL genes. During his hospitalization, the patient was complicated by abscesses around the right ilium and septic arthritis of the right hip, which required surgical drainage. Prior to his admission, his youngest sister had developed a right breast abscess, and another sister and his mother developed contagious impetigo and hordeolum, respectively, during his hospitalization. These infections in the patient and his family members were caused by an identical PVL-positive MRSA strain belonging to ST6562, a single-locus variant of ST8. Due to the genetically close characteristics, this ST6562 MRSA was considered a genetic variant of the USA300 CA-MRSA clone (ST8-MRSA-IVa) predominating in the United States. The ST6562 MRSA-IVa is suggested to have occurred in Japan, associated with potential spread of the USA300 clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Harada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuo Togashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Kunizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nagaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ima Kosukegawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Wakiko Aisaka
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Wakabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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10
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Chen N, Pang B, Liu M, Cai K, Kobayashi N. Surveillance of Human Rotaviruses in Wuhan, China (2019-2022): Whole-Genome Analysis of Emerging DS-1-like G8P[8] Rotavirus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12189. [PMID: 37569563 PMCID: PMC10419309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are major etiologic agents of gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. To study the prevalence and genetic characteristics of RVAs, a hospital-based surveillance study was conducted in Wuhan, China from June 2019 through May 2022. The detection rates of RVAs were 19.40% (142/732) and 3.51% (8/228) in children and adults, respectively. G9P[8] was the predominant genotype, followed by G8P[8] and G3P[8]. G8P[8] emerged and was dominant in the 2021-2022 epidemic season. The genome constellation of six G8P[8] strains was assigned to G8-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP7, VP4, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, and NSP5 genes of these G8P[8] strains clustered closely with those of the G8P[8] strains in Asia and were distant from those of the P[8] and G2P[4] strains simultaneously detected in Wuhan. In contrast, the VP1, VP6, and NSP4 genes were closely related to the typical G2P[4] rotavirus, including those of G2P[4] strains simultaneously detected in Wuhan. The detection rate of RVAs decreased in the COVID-19 pandemic era. It was deduced that the G8P[8] rotaviruses that emerged in China may be reassortants, carrying the VP6, VP1, and NSP4 genes derived from the G2P[4] rotavirus in the backbone of the neighboring DS-1-like G8P[8] strains represented by CAU17L-103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Division of Microbiology, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China; (X.Z.); (B.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- Division of Microbiology, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China; (X.Z.); (B.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Beibei Pang
- Division of Microbiology, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China; (X.Z.); (B.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Manqing Liu
- Division of Microbiology, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China; (X.Z.); (B.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Kun Cai
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China;
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
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11
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Sathi FA, Aung MS, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Roy S, Ahmed S, Alam MM, Khan S, Rabbany MA, Biswas JP, Kobayashi N. Clonal Diversity of Candida auris, Candida blankii, and Kodamaea ohmeri Isolated from Septicemia and Otomycosis in Bangladesh as Determined by Multilocus Sequence Typing. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:658. [PMID: 37367594 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris, Candida blankii, and Kodamaea ohmeri have been regarded as emerging fungal pathogens that can cause infections with high mortality. For genotyping of C. auris, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on four locus sequences has been reported, while there is no typing scheme for C. blankii and K. ohmeri. In the present study, the existing MLST scheme of C. auris was modified by adding more locus types deduced from sequence data available in the GenBank database. Furthermore, MLST schemes of C. blankii and K. ohmeri were developed using the four cognate loci (ITS, RPB1, RPB2, D1/D2) and similar sequence regions to those of C. auris. These MLST schemes were applied to identify the ST (sequence type) of clinical isolates of C. auris (n = 7), C. blankii (n = 9), and K. ohmeri (n = 6), derived from septicemia or otomycosis in Bangladesh in 2021. All the C. auris isolates were classified into a single ST (ST5) and clade I, having a Y132F substitution in ERG11p, which is associated with azole resistance. Similarly, all the C. blankii isolates belonged to a single type (ST1). In contrast, six K. ohmeri isolates were assigned to five types (ST1-ST5), suggesting its higher genetic diversity. These findings revealed the availability of MLST schemes for these three fungal species for understanding their clonal diversity among clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sangjukta Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Ahmed
- Mugda Medical College, Dhaka 1214, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shahed Khan
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif Rabbany
- Department of Neonatology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Joy Prokas Biswas
- Department of Pathology, Netrokona Medical College, Netrokona 2400, Bangladesh
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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12
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Urushibara N, Aung MS, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Kobayashi N. Genome analysis of an SCCmec element in ST9-MRSA from Myanmar with a unique mec gene complex and two ccr gene complexes (ccrA1B1 and ccrA5B7). J Antimicrob Chemother 2023:7179859. [PMID: 37229541 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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13
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Saeki M, Nirasawa S, Aung MS, Ono M, Urushibara N, Kobayashi N, Takahashi S. Detecting the performance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by a molecular diagnostic assay in positive blood culture: Influence of coexistence of mecA-positive bacteria and diversity in orfX-SCCmec junction region in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. J Infect Chemother 2023:S1341-321X(23)00116-2. [PMID: 37178974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In blood cultures that test positive for staphylococcal bacteria, rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) by molecular assay is useful for appropriate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections. Although the Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay is widely available in clinical settings in Japan, its efficacy has not yet evaluated thoroughly. METHODS We retrospectively studied 100 blood culture cases positive for S. aureus at Sapporo Medical University Hospital between March 2019 to May 2022. Cycle threshold (CT) values for target genes from the Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay were compared to phenotypic results. Genotyping and genetic analysis of the orfX-SCCmec junction region was performed for selected isolates. RESULTS We analyzed 25 and 75 isolates assigned to MRSA and MSSA, respectively, using the Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay. Of these, 99 isolates from agar cultures showed compatible susceptibility to oxacillin. One genetically misidentified case of MRSA was found to be caused by the mixed growth of MSSA and methicillin-resistant S. hominis on agar culture. Of the 73 MSSA with pure growth on agar culture, 45 (61.6%) were found to be orfX-SCCmec-positive, spa-positive, and mecA-negative in this assay. These MSSA belong to diverse spa and coa types. CONCLUSION The Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay accurately identified MRSA and MSSA in positive blood cultures. However, over half of the MSSA isolates showed positive results for orfX-SCCmec, presumably due to genetic diversity in the orfX-associated region of MSSA. Therefore, the coexistence of MSSA and mecA-harboring coagulase-negative staphylococci may cause confusion about identification of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masachika Saeki
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Nirasawa
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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14
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Ohashi N, Koike K, Sakai K, Nishiyama K, Sasaki T, Ogi K, Dehari H, Kobayashi N, Miyazaki A. Accurate estimation of skeletal muscle mass by comparison of computed tomographic images of the third lumbar and third cervical vertebrae in Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Radiol 2023; 39:408-417. [PMID: 36114388 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-022-00653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the accuracy of estimating the cross-sectional area (CSA) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) based on the CSA at the third cervical vertebra (C3) using computed tomographic images, and we identified the sources of error and bias using the evaluation of absolute reliability in 89 Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Skeletal muscle CSA was measured at the C3 and L3 on pretreatment computed tomographic images. We used the CSA at the C3 to estimate CSA at the L3 in an existing prediction formula. Correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relative reliability of the estimate, and Bland-Altman analysis and minimum detectable change (MDC) were used to evaluate its absolute reliability. RESULTS Estimated and actual CSAs at L3 were strongly correlated (r = 0.885, p < 0.001). The mean difference between the estimated and actual CSAs was - 1.0887 cm2, the 95% confidence interval was - 4.09 to 1.91 cm2 (p = 0.472), and the 95% limits of agreement were - 29.0 and 26.8 cm2. The MDC at the 95% level of confidence in estimated and actual CSAs was 27.9 cm2. CONCLUSIONS The estimation of CSA at the L3 from the existing prediction formula with the CSA at the C3 had no systematic biases, but it did have random errors. Random errors resulted from measurement errors and biological variation. Usefulness of the existing formula is limited by physical differences in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan. .,Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Koike
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kurumi Sakai
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.,Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koyo Nishiyama
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogi
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hironari Dehari
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
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15
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Kyaw WK, Aung MS, San T, Maw WW, Mu KK, Mon WLY, Than MM, San N, Than CC, Urushibara N, Kobayashi N. Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus Clinical Isolates from a National Tertiary Care Hospital in Myanmar: Co-Isolation of Multiple Clones and Identification of Novel Staphylocoagulase Genotype. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:127-137. [PMID: 36629854 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spread of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors among Staphylococcus aureus/Staphylococcus argenteus poses a potential public health concern in Myanmar. In this study, a total of 226 clinical isolates of S. aureus (n = 211) and S. argenteus (n = 15) collected in Yangon General Hospital during a two-year period were analyzed for their antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic features. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 19% of S. aureus isolates, associated with mostly staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV, or V. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) at significantly higher rate (39%) than in MRSA (22%). Among MRSA, ST361 (clonal complex [CC] 361), ST772 (CC1), and ST239 (CC8) were frequently identified, while the most common clone in MSSA was ST2990 (CC1), followed by ST121 and CC8 comprising five STs. Novel coagulase gene genotype XVI was identified in four MSSA isolates. All the S. argenteus isolates were assigned to ST2250 and mecA negative, including only one PVL-positive isolate. MSSA and S. argenteus were co-isolated from two patients, while two different MSSA clones were simultaneously identified in eight patients. This study revealed clonal diversity and genetic characteristics of current MRSA/MSSA/S. argenteus clinical isolates in the national tertiary care hospital in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Kalayar Kyaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Technology, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thida San
- Yangon Children's Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Win Win Maw
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | | | - Mie Mie Than
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Technology, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Nilar San
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Hirose M, Kudo K, Tsukamoto N, Ito M, Kobayashi N. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Genotypes of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Clinical Isolates in Northern Japan: Identification of optrA in ST480 E. faecalis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010108. [PMID: 36671309 PMCID: PMC9855154 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are the major pathogens causing community- and healthcare-associated infections, with an ability to acquire resistance to multiple antimicrobials. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of virulence factors, drug resistance and its genetic determinants, and clonal lineages of E. faecalis and E. faecium clinical isolates in northern Japan. A total of 480 (426 E. faecalis and 54 E. faecium) isolates collected over a four-month period were analyzed. Three virulence factors promoting bacterial colonization (asa1, efaA, and ace) were more prevalent among E. faecalis (46-59%) than E. faecium, while a similar prevalence of enterococcal surface protein gene (esp) was found in these species. Between E. faecalis and E. faecium, an evident difference was noted for resistance to erythromycin, gentamicin, and levofloxacin and its responsible resistance determinants. Oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA and phenicol exporter gene fexA were identified in an isolate of E. faecalis belonging to ST480 and revealed to be located on a cluster similar to those of isolates reported in other Asian countries. The E. faecalis isolates analyzed were differentiated into 12 STs, among which ST179 and ST16 of clonal complex (CC) 16 were the major lineage. Nearly all the E. faecium isolates were assigned into CC17, which consisted of 10 different sequence types (STs), including a dominant ST17 containing multidrug resistant isolates and ST78 with isolates harboring the hyaluronidase gene (hyl). The present study revealed the genetic profiles of E. faecalis and E. faecium clinical isolates, with the first identification of optrA in ST480 E. faecalis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Mina Hirose
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kenji Kudo
- Sapporo Mirai Laboratory, Co., Ltd., Sapporo 060-0003, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Mirai Laboratory, Co., Ltd., Sapporo 060-0003, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Hamajima R, Lusiany T, Minami S, Nouda R, Nurdin JA, Yamasaki M, Kobayashi N, Kanai Y, Kobayashi T. A reverse genetics system for human rotavirus G2P[4]. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36748482 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Recently, versatile plasmid-based reverse genetics systems were developed for several human RV genotypes; however, these systems have not been developed for all commonly circulating human RV genotypes. In this study, we established a reverse genetics system for G2P[4] human RV strain HN126. Nucleotide sequence analysis, including that of the terminal ends of the viral double-stranded RNA genome, revealed that HN126 possessed a DS-1-like genotype constellation. Eleven plasmids, each encoding 11 gene segments of the RV genome, and expression plasmids encoding vaccinia virus RNA capping enzyme (D1R and D12L), Nelson Bay orthoreovirus FAST, and NSP2 and NSP5 of HN126, were transfected into BHK-T7 cells, and recombinant strain HN126 was generated. Using HN126 or simian RV strain SA11 as backbone viruses, reassortant RVs carrying the outer and intermediate capsid proteins (VP4, VP7 and VP6) of HN126 and/or SA11 (in various combinations) were generated. Viral replication analysis of the single, double and triple reassortant viruses suggested that homologous combination of the VP4 and VP7 proteins contributed to efficient virus infectivity and interaction between other viral or cellular proteins. Further studies of reassortant viruses between simian and other human RV strains will contribute to developing an appropriate model for human RV research, as well as suitable backbone viruses for generation of recombinant vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hamajima
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan.,Present address: Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Chikusa, Japan
| | - Tina Lusiany
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Sakasegawa H, Nomura M, Sawayama K, Nakayama T, Yaita Y, Yonekawa H, Kobayashi N, Arima T, Hiyama T, Murata E. Liquid decontamination using acidic electrolyzed water for various uranium-contaminated steel surfaces in dismantled centrifuge. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ara H, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Nasreen SA, Ahmed F. Prevalence of Virulence Genes in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Clinical Samples in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:914-919. [PMID: 36189532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is the most important cause of hospital-acquired infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predominance and determination of virulence encoding genes in A. baumannii isolates. During this cross-sectional study period from February 2019 to March 2020 of 380 clinical samples including endotracheal aspirates (70), wound swab or pus (175), urine (70) and blood (65) analysed in inpatients admitted to the hospital in different unit like ICU, Surgery and Burn unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Out of 380 studied samples, 130(34.21%) strains were yielded growth. Among 130 isolates, Acinetobacter spp. was 49(37.69%). Totally, 39(79.59%) were Acinetobacter baumannii which was detected by molecular technique PCR. Further more, the determination of virulence genes csgA and fimH detected by PCR. Among two studied virulence genes, csgA (38.46%) was the most prevalent virulent genes associated with disease severity and co-morbidity of the patient in A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ara
- Dr Hosne Ara, MD (Thesis Part), Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Kawaguchiya M, Urushibara N, Aung MS, Shimada S, Nakamura M, Ito M, Habadera S, Kobayashi N. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women in Japan, 2017–2021. IJID Regions 2022; 4:143-145. [PMID: 35923645 PMCID: PMC9340534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women was studied in northern Japan. Colonizing GBS was isolated from 7.0% (n=76/1090) of the pregnant women. Capsular serotype III/ST335, Ia/ST23, III/ST17, and V/ST1 lineages were dominant. Levofloxacin resistance was found in 15.8%, with serotype Ib being the most common. Most levofloxacin-resistant isolates belonged to serotype Ib/CC10 or V/CC19.
Objectives This study aimed to elucidate the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) colonizing pregnant women in Japan. Methods GBS isolates obtained from screening of pregnant women from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed for capsular serotype, sequence type (ST), and antimicrobial susceptibility. For levofloxacin-resistant isolates, mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the gyrA, gyrB, and parC genes were analyzed. Results Seventy-six GBS isolates were recovered from 1090 women (isolation rate: 7.0%). Of the 76 isolates, serotype III (31.6%) was the most prevalent, followed by V (19.7%), Ia (17.1%), and Ib (10.5%). Among the 22 STs identified, capsular serotype III/ST335-clonal complex (CC) 19 lineage was dominant (13.2%), followed by Ia/ST23, III/ST17, and V/ST1. Levofloxacin resistance was detected in 15.8% (n=12) of all the isolates, with serotype Ib being the most common. Most levofloxacin resistant isolates belonged to serotype Ib/CC10 or serotype V/CC19, with double mutations in the QRDRs, Ser81Leu in GyrA and Ser79Phe in ParC. Conclusions The present study indicates the prevalence of the serotype III/ST335 (CC19) lineage, and the spread of serotype Ib/CC10 and serotype V/CC19 lineages, which are responsible for levofloxacin resistance in colonizing GBS in pregnant women in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author; Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya, Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan, Tel: +81-11-611-2111 (ext.27330).
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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21
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Sathi FA, Paul SK, Ahmed S, Alam MM, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Islam A, Nila SS, Afrin SZ, Aung MS, Kobayashi N. Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinically Relevant Candida Species, Identification of Candida auris and Kodamaea ohmeri in Bangladesh. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7090211. [PMID: 36136623 PMCID: PMC9506023 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species are major fungal pathogens in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of individual Candida species and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs among clinical isolates in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. During a 10-month period in 2021, high vaginal swabs (HVSs), blood, and aural swabs were collected from 360 patients. From these specimens, Candida spp. was isolated from cultures on Sabouraud dextrose agar media, and phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed. A total of 109 isolates were recovered, and C. albicans accounted for 37%, being derived mostly from HVSs. Among non-albicans Candida (NAC), C. parapsilosis was the most frequent, followed by C. ciferrii, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. Three isolates from blood and two isolates from aural discharge were genetically identified as C. auris and Kodamaea ohmeri, respectively. NAC isolates were more resistant to fluconazole (overall rate, 29%) than C. albicans (10%). Candida isolates from blood showed 95% susceptibility to voriconazole and less susceptibility to fluconazole (67%). Two or three amino acid substitutions were detected in the ERG11 of two fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates. The present study is the first to reveal the prevalence of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | | | - Salma Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Mugda Medical College, Dhaka 1214, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Arup Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Shabnam Nila
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Zahura Afrin
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111
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22
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Pérez DQ, Aung MS, Cartaya YC, Molina MKG, Novales NP, Kobayashi N. Clonal diversity of Acinetobacter clinical isolates producing NDM-type carbapenemase in Cuba, 2013–2019. IJID Regions 2022; 5:93-96. [PMID: 36247096 PMCID: PMC9557864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter isolates were collected in Cuba over 7 years. Among a total of 199 isolates, blaNDM was identified in 15% (n=29). blaNDM was detected in A. baumannii and 5 other species of 19 sequence types (STs). ST10-related STs, including the dominant ST23, were common in A. baumannii. Nobel carbapenemase types, NDM-42, OXA-1117 and OXA-1118, were identified.
Objectives Our study aimed to elucidate the clonal diversity of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter clinical isolates producing NDM-type carbapenemase collected through national surveillance in Cuba during a 7-year period (2013−19). Methods A total of 199 isolates of Acinetobacter spp. from 37 hospitals in 12 provinces were genetically analyzed for their species, carbapenemase genes and genotypes. Sequence type (ST) and OXA-51-like gene type were determined for blaNDM-positive isolates. Results Most isolates (95%) were identified as species of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex, with A. baumannii being the majority. Acquired carbapenemase genes were assigned to blaOXA or blaNDM type; the most commonly detected gene was blaOXA-23-like (49%), followed by blaOXA-24-like (20%) and blaNDM (15%). Twenty-nine blaNDM-positive isolates (22 A. baumannii, 2 A. pittii, 2 A. johnsonii, 3 other species) were differentiated into 19 STs, including the most common, ST23. Though NDM genes were mostly typed as blaNDM-1, a novel blaNDM-42 was identified in an ST79 A. baumannii isolate. blaOXA-51-like genes of NDM-positive A. baumannii were discriminated into 10 OXA types, including 2 novel ones. Conclusions Our study indicated the spread of blaNDM to various clones of A. baumannii and other Acinetobacter spp. in Cuba.
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Alam M, Paul SK, Das BR, Hoque N, Rashid A, Sultana M, Khatun MN, Ahmed S, Nasreen SA, Kobayashi N. Study of Human Brucellosis among Patients with Pyrexia of Unknown Origin by Antibody Detection. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:622-629. [PMID: 35780342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the seropositivity of human brucellosis among the patients suffering from pyrexia of unidentified origin. This cross-sectional study was performed at department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from September 2018 to August 2019; among the patients of pyrexia of unknown origin visited inpatient and outpatient facility of department of Medicine and department of Paediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) in Mymensingh division of Bangladesh. A total of 400 serum samples were screened by Brucella-specific latex agglutination test to determine seropositivity. Seven percent (7.0%) (28/400) serum samples were found to be seropositive for brucellosis by detecting Brucella-specific antibody at a titer ≥1:160. Therefore, Brucella-specific latex agglutination test may be recommended as a screening test for human brucellosis in developing and underdeveloped countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alam
- Dr Mahbubul Alam, MD Resident, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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24
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Ara H, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Nasreen SA, Ahmed F, Nila SS. Molecular Detection of MBL Encoding Genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains Isolated from Various Samples at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mymensingh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:666-672. [PMID: 35780348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii is a major threat for therapeutic treatment of hospital acquired infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase genes VIM, IMP & SIM genes amongst isolated A. baumannii. This cross sectional study conducted in the department of Microbiology Mymensingh Medical College from March 2019 to February 2020. 49 Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from different clinical samples including endotracheal aspirates, wound swab/pus, urine and blood. Among 380 clinical samples 130 organisms were isolated growth was 34.21%. Out of 130 isolated strains, 49(37.69%) were Acinetobacter spp identified by standard bacteriological method and resistance to different antibiotics was assessed with Kirby- Bauer Disc diffusion method. Among 49 Acinetobacter spp, 39(79.59%) were Acinetobacter baumannii which was identified by molecular method PCR directing OXA-51 like gene. Multiplex PCR was done to determine MBL genes existence VIM, IMP & SIM. Ceftriaxone (79.48%) showing higher resistance and colistin (12.82%) showing lower resistance. All the strains were sensitive to tigecycline. The distribution of MBLs genes such as VIM 20(51.28%), IMP 5(12.82%) and SIM 0 (0%). This study showed that high level of antibiotic resistance and VIM was the most prevalent MBL genes among A. baumannii highlighting the need for indigenous antibiotic usage plan & infection control measures to prevent the spread of these resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ara
- Dr Hosne Ara, MD (Thesis) Part, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Kawaguchiya M, Urushibara N, Aung MS, Kudo K, Ito M, Habadera S, Kobayashi N. Genetic characterization of penicillin-binding proteins of nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae in the postpneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Japan. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:174-176. [PMID: 35470022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae (NESp) is emerging after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). This study aimed to elucidate the genetic characteristics of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs; PBP1a, 2b, and 2x) associated with penicillin nonsusceptibility in emergent NESp. METHODS A total of 71 NESp isolates that were identified in our previous study during the PCV era in Japan (2011-2019) were analyzed for their amino acid sequences of transpeptidase domain in PBP 1a, 2b, and 2x. RESULTS Overall, we identified 21 different PBP profiles (1a-2b-2x), all of which represent novel PBP profiles. The dominant PBP profiles were 13-16-ne1 (32.4%, n = 23), ne1-16-ne2 (14.1%, n = 10), and 13-7-ne4 (7.0%, n = 5) (novel PBP type was numbered with "ne" denoting "nonencapsulated"), accounting for 53.5% of all isolates. All isolates with the PBP profiles 13-16-ne1 and 13-7-ne4 and those having PBP1a type-13 and -131, PBP2b type-7, -ne1, and -ne2 showed nonsusceptibility to penicillin. A high degree of genetic diversity was found in PBP2x, with most of them (81.7%) being new types. CONCLUSIONS Our current study identified the 21 novel PBP profiles and remarkable mutations in the PBPs, which may be potentially associated with penicillin nonsusceptibility in NESp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kenji Kudo
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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26
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Osada M, Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Hirose M, Kobayashi N. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus/ Mammaliicoccus from Retail Ground Meat: Identification of Broad Genetic Diversity in Fosfomycin Resistance Gene fosB. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040469. [PMID: 35456144 PMCID: PMC9031665 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus is a major bacterial species that contaminates retail meat products. The objective of this study was to clarify the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic determinants of Staphylococcus/Mammaliicoccus species in retail ground meat in Japan. From a total of 146 retail ground meat samples (chicken, pork, mixed beef/pork) purchased during a 5-month period, 10 S. aureus and 112 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS)/Mammaliicoccus comprising 20 species were recovered. S. aureus isolates were classified into five genetic types, i.e., coa-IIa/ST5, coa-VIc/ST352 (CC97), coa-VIIb/ST398, coa-Xa/ST15, and coa-XIc/ST9, which were all related to those of livestock-associated clones. All the staphylococcal isolates were mecA-negative and mostly susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested, except for ampicillin among S. aureus (resistance proportion; 50%). Among CoNS, the fosfomycin resistance gene fosB was prevalent (30/112; 26.8%), primarily in S. capitis, S. warneri, and S. saprophyticus. Phylogenetic analysis of fosB revealed the presence of seven clusters, showing broad diversity with 65–81% identity among different clusters. In the CoNS isolates from ground meat samples, fosB was assigned into three clusters, and S. saprophyticus harbored the most divergent fosB with three genetic groups. These findings suggested the circulation of multiple fosB-carrying plasmids among some CoNS species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Osada
- Master’s Program in Midwifery, Tenshi College Graduate School, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan;
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Mina Hirose
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.O.); (N.K.)
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Yu H, González Molina MK, Carmona Cartaya Y, Hart Casares M, Aung MS, Kobayashi N, Quiñones Pérez D. Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in Havana, Cuba, 2016–2021. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040514. [PMID: 35453265 PMCID: PMC9024773 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of carbapenem resistance is particularly important for Enterobacterales, mainly in countries with limited healthcare resources. We conducted a cross-sectional study to detect carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales at 10 sentinel hospitals in Havana, Cuba for a six year-period (2016–2021) by the National Reference Laboratory for Health Care-Associated Infections in the Pedro Kourí Institute. A total of 152 isolates were collected with phenotypic production of metallo-β-lactamase. NDM-type carbapenemase was detected in all the 152 isolates, and KPC-type enzyme gene was simultaneously identified in four NDM-positive isolates. The most abundant carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (69.7%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae complex (13.2%), and Escherichia coli (5.9%). Over the study period, among CPE, prevalence of K. pneumoniae was almost constant, while Enterobacter spp. showed slightly increasing tendency. The urinary tract (36.2%) was the most prevalent source of infection with CPE, followed by bloodstream (26.3%) and surgical wound (17.1%), being frequently derived from Intensive Care Units (35.5%) and urology wards (21.7%). This study revealed the present situation of CPE in hospitals in Havana, Cuba, showing the emergence and dissemination of Enterobacterales producing NDM-type carbapenemase, mainly K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Healthcare-Associated Infections National Laboratory, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana 11400, Cuba; (H.Y.); (M.K.G.M.); (Y.C.C.)
| | - María Karla González Molina
- Healthcare-Associated Infections National Laboratory, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana 11400, Cuba; (H.Y.); (M.K.G.M.); (Y.C.C.)
| | - Yenisel Carmona Cartaya
- Healthcare-Associated Infections National Laboratory, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana 11400, Cuba; (H.Y.); (M.K.G.M.); (Y.C.C.)
| | | | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (D.Q.P.)
| | - Dianelys Quiñones Pérez
- Healthcare-Associated Infections National Laboratory, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana 11400, Cuba; (H.Y.); (M.K.G.M.); (Y.C.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (D.Q.P.)
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Nila SS, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Nasreen SA, Ahmed S, Ahamad F, Khanam J, Nahar S, Sayeed AA, Al Amin AM. Concurrent Infection of Orientia Tsutsugamushi with Rickettsia spp. Including Rickettsia felis in North Central Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:350-354. [PMID: 35383749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rickettsial diseases are one of the leading causes of treatable acute febrile illness in Asia pacific region. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College to diagnose scrub typhus by rapid Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) and Nested PCR followed by molecular identification of possible Rickettsial coinfection among suspected febrile patients in Mymensingh, Bangladesh from March 2019 to February 2020. Among the enrolled 402 patients, 89 samples (22.13%) were seropositive by Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) and 65 samples (16.16%) were positive for O. tsutsugamushi DNA by Nested PCR, targeting 47KDa gene. Therefore, 113/402 (28.10%) samples were positive for scrub typhus by PCR and/or ICT. All the scrub typhus positive samples were further subjected to Nested PCR targeting 17 KDa gene for identification of Rickettsial co-infection and 13/113 (11.50%) were documented as positive. Then 13 Rickettsial co-infected samples were undertaken to automate sequencing and all were genetically confirmed as Rickettsia felis. Findings of the study may help clinicians to expand their list of differential diagnoses for undifferentiated fever and detection of Rickettsial co-infection may guide them to prescribe effective antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Nila
- Dr Sultana Shabnam Nila, Assistant Professor (Microbiology), Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Uddin Ahmed N, Khair A, Hassan J, Khan MAHNA, Rahman AKMA, Hoque W, Rahman M, Kobayashi N, Ward MP, Alam MM. Risk factors for bovine rotavirus infection and genotyping of bovine rotavirus in diarrheic calves in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264577. [PMID: 35213667 PMCID: PMC8880881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is considered the leading cause of calf diarrhea worldwide, including Bangladesh. In this study we aimed to identify risk factors for BRV infection and determine the G and P genotypes of BRV strains in diarrheic calves. Fecal samples were collected from 200 diarrheic calves in three districts between January 2014 and October 2015. These samples were screened to detect the presence of BRV using rapid test-strips BIO K 152 (RTSBK). The RTSBK positive samples were further tested by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the silver staining technique to detect rotavirus dsRNA. Risk factors were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The G and P genotypes of BRV were determined by RT-PCR and sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the neighbor-joining method using CLC sequence viewer 8.0. About 23% of the diarrheic calves were BRV positive. The odds of BRV infection were 3.8- (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.0–14.7) and 3.9-times (95% CI:1.1–14.2) higher in Barisal and Madaripur districts, respectively, than Sirrajganj. The risk of BRV infection was 3.1-times (95% CI: 1.5–6.5) higher in calves aged ≤ 5 weeks than those aged >5 weeks. Moreover, the risk of BRV infection was 2.6-times (95% CI:1.1–5.8) higher in crossbred (Holstein Friesian, Shahiwal) than indigenous calves. G6P[11] was the predominant genotype (94.4%), followed by G10P[11] (5.6%). The BRV G6 strains were found to be closest (98.9–99.9%) to Indian strains, and BRV G10 strains showed 99.9% identities with Indian strain. The VP4 gene of all P[11] strains showed >90% identities to each other and also with Indian strains. The most frequently identified BRV genotype was G6P[11]. About 23% of calf diarrhea cases were associated with BRV. To control disease, high-risk areas and younger crossbred calves should be targeted for surveillance and management. The predominant genotype could be utilized as the future vaccine candidate or vaccines with the dominant genotype should be used to control BRV diarrhea in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Khair
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jayedul Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - A. K. M. Anisur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Warda Hoque
- Infectious Diseases Division, Virology Laboratory, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, Virology Laboratory, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michael P. Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md. Mahbub Alam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Nakayama R, Miyamoto S, Tawara T, Aoyagi A, Oguro T, Kobayashi N, Suzuki M, Takeyama Y. Capnocytophaga canimorsus
infection led to progressively fatal septic shock in an immunocompetent patient. Acute Med Surg 2022; 9:e738. [PMID: 35223046 PMCID: PMC8857961 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection is rare, with a high fatality rate; however, there are few cases of death with a rapid course. This study reports a progressively fatal case of C. canimorsus. Case Presentation A 68‐year‐old immunocompetent Japanese man was bitten and scratched on his right hand by a dog 6 days before emergency transportation to the emergency room with abdominal pain, back pain, and melena. The patient developed multiple‐organ failure. Despite antibiotic therapy, transfusion, vasopressor therapy, and continuous renal replacement therapy, the patient died from uncontrolled metabolic acidosis 4.5 h after admission. Approximately 80 h after admission, blood cultures were positive for C. canimorsus. Conclusions Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection can lead to rapid progression even in immunocompetent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nakayama
- Department of Emergency Medicine Hakodate Municipal Hospital Hakodate Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology Hakodate Municipal Hospital Hakodate Japan
- Department of Emergency Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Shuichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology Hakodate Municipal Hospital Hakodate Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tawara
- Department of Emergency Medicine Hakodate Municipal Hospital Hakodate Japan
| | - Arisa Aoyagi
- Department of Emergency Medicine Hakodate Municipal Hospital Hakodate Japan
| | - Takeo Oguro
- Department of Emergency Medicine Hakodate Municipal Hospital Hakodate Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takeyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine Hakodate Municipal Hospital Hakodate Japan
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San T, Aung MS, San N, Aung MMZ, Mon WLY, Thazin TE, Kobayashi N. Bacterial Species and Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Isolates from Pediatric Patients in Yangon, Myanmar, 2020. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:26-32. [PMID: 35076535 PMCID: PMC8788269 DOI: 10.3390/idr14010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern in medical care for children who have high burden of infectious diseases. We investigated the prevalence of bacterial species and their susceptibility to antimicrobials of 1019 clinical isolates from pediatric patients in a tertiary-care hospital in Yangon, Myanmar for one-year period (2020). The most frequently recovered species was Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, all of which accounted for 43% of clinical isolates, while 25% of isolates comprised non-fermenter, including Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp. Phenotypically determined ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase)-positive rates in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter sp. were 82%, 88%, and 65%, respectively. High rates of multiple drug resistance were noted for E. coli (84%), K. pneumoniae (81%), and Acinetobacter sp. (65%), associated with carbapenem resistance in 48%, 42%, and 59% of isolates, respectively. In contrast, S. aureus isolates exhibited low resistance rates (<30%) to most of antimicrobials, with 22% being resistant to oxacillin/cefoxitin. Fluoroquinolone resistance was found in most of bacterial species with different prevalence rates. The present study revealed the current status on prevalence of bacterial species causing infections in pediatric patients in Myanmar, highlighting the significance to monitor AMR among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thida San
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yangon Children’s Hospital, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; (T.S.); (T.E.T.)
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Nilar San
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon 11031, Myanmar;
| | - Myat Myint Zu Aung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 1, Yangon 11131, Myanmar;
| | - Win Lei Yi Mon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yangon General Hospital, Yangon 11131, Myanmar;
| | - Thin Ei Thazin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yangon Children’s Hospital, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; (T.S.); (T.E.T.)
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111
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Afrin SZ, Islam MT, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Parvin R. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) in Bangladesh during the first half of 2021. Virology 2022; 565:29-37. [PMID: 34700068 PMCID: PMC8531988 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh is the second-worst-affected country in South Asia by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this study is to examine genome sequences from Bangladesh from January 2021 to June 2021 in order to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 VOC and the clades or lineages that are prevalent in the country. Within the study timeframe, at least eight Nextstrain clades were found: 20A, 20B, 20C, 20H (Beta, V2), 20I (Alpha, V1), 20 J (Gamma, V3), 21A (Delta), 21D (Eta), and six GISAID clades: four main (G, GH, GR, GRY) and two minors (GV, O) with an introduction of VOC B.1.1.7/Alpha, B.1.351/Beta and B.1.617.2/Delta. The introduction and recent occurrence of VOCs with substantial alterations in the receptor binding site of spike protein (K417 N, K417T, L452R, T478K, E484K, S494P, N501Y) are of particular importance. Specifically, VOC B.1.617.2/Delta has surpassed all prior VOCs in Bangladesh, posing a challenge to the existing disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Taohidul Islam
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shyamal Kumar Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Netrokona Medical College, Netrokona, Bangladesh
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Nila SS, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Nasreen SA, Ahmed S, Ahmad F, Haque N, Khanam J, Paul A, Ara H, Sultana C, Rahman S, Rahman S, Sayeed AB, Jannat H. Socio-demographic and Clinico-epidemiological Study of Scrub Typhus in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:66-71. [PMID: 34999682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Scrub typhus is one of the leading causes of undifferentiated treatable febrile illness in Asia pacific region. It is grossly under diagnosed in many tropical countries of South Asia including Bangladesh, due to wide range of non-specific clinical presentations, low index of suspicion among clinicians, limited awareness and lack of accurate diagnostic facilities. This cross sectional observational study was conducted at department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from March 2019 to February 2020 enrolling 113 diagnosed cases of scrub typhus by Immunochromatographic test (ICT) and / or Nested PCR to characterize the socio-demographic and clinico-epidemiological features of scrub typhus in Mymensingh area. Majority of the scrub typhus cases came from rural areas (63.83%) and there was a slight female predominance (52.21%). The young (32.74%) and the young-adult age group (28.31%) were mostly affected. Most of the scrub typhus cases were housewives (30.98%), followed by farmers (23.89%) and students (21.23%). All the enrolled cases presented with fever. Other findings were myalgia (76.10%), headache (56.63%), cough (30.97%), vomiting (12.38%) and Respiratory distress (9.73%). Typical eschar of scrub typhus was present only in 9(7.96%) cases and 4(3.53%) patients had rashes on their skin. Few cases (3.53%) had jaundice and 15.96% cases were anaemic. Oliguria (7.96%) and neck rigidity (1.76%) were also documented. Most of the Nested PCR positive scrub typhus cases were documented during late rainy season and beginning of winter months. Findings of the study may offer increased awareness about high burden of scrub typhus as well as heightened suspicion among clinicians for early diagnosis, timely treatment and prevention of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Nila
- Dr Sultana Shabnam Nila, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Ifa IA, Paul SK, Hossain MA, Haque N, Ahmed S, Nasreen SA, Abedin S, Kobayashi N. Coexistence of ESBL and MBL-mediated resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:41-48. [PMID: 34999678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamase and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Acinetobacter species is an emerging problem worldwide. In this cross-sectional study total 341 specimens were collected over a period of one year from January 2017 to January 2018. Specimens were collected from ICU and Surgery unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Specimens were collected from ICU and Surgery Unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Samples were processed for culture by standard conventional methods and susceptibility testing and determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibiotic discs and their strength were according to the CLSI 2017 guideline. Molecular study was done to detect the species by OXA-51 gene and drug resistance genes (IMP, VIM, NDM, TEM, SHV, CTX, SPM, SIM and GIM). Species identification was done by OXA-51 gene which is intrinsic to Acinetobacter baumannii. Among the 46 isolates, 36(78.26%) were positive for Oxa-51 gene, 16(34.8%) for TEM gene, 9(19.6%) for VIM gene, 3(6.5%) for NDM gene and 1(2.2%) for IMP gene. This study gives an alarming sign towards high prevalence of cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance due to production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases and metallo-betalactamases, respectively. Early detection, proper antibiotic policies, and compliance towards infection control practices are the best defenses against these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Ifa
- Dr Iffat Ara Ifa, MD Resident, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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35
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Khanam J, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Nasreen SA, Ahmed S, Haque N, Paul A, Nila SS, Hosen MA. Detection of Quinolone Resistance Pattern and Presence of qnr Genes in Human Salmonella Isolates at Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:94-98. [PMID: 34999686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among the quinolones, fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antimicrobial agents used for treating many clinical infections including Salmonellosis. Although high level of resistance to fluoroquinolones remains low in Salmonella but reduced susceptibility is increasing worldwide. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) of qnr type (qnrA, B and S) has been identified now a day in several enterobacterial species including Salmonella spp. This cross-sectional study was held at department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from March 2019 to February 2020. This study was conducted to determine the current quinolone resistance pattern and to detect the presence of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes among Salmonella isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of 36 Salmonella isolates were done by disc diffusion method. MIC of ciprofloxacin was detected by agar dilution method. Then amplification with specific primers of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes were performed for all Salmonella isolates. The present study observed 80.5% resistance to nalidixic acid, 33.3% to ciprofloxacin and 19.4% to ofloxacin by disc diffusion method. qnr A gene was detected in 2(5.5%) isolates, where as qnrS was detected in 5 (13.8%) isolates. None of the isolates was positive for qnrB gene. All the qnrA positive isolates showed resistance to Ciprofloxacin (MIC=128μg/ml) and Ofloxacin. In conclusion, presence of qnr genes in the study isolates is alarming, because, rapid dissemination might occur due to conjugative plasmid mediated horizontal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khanam
- Dr Jobyda Khanam, Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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36
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Vervuurt RHJ, Mukherjee B, Nakane K, Tsutsumi T, Hori M, Kobayashi N. Reaction Mechanism and Selectivity Control of Si Compound ALE Based on Plasma Modification and F-Radical Exposure. Langmuir 2021; 37:12663-12672. [PMID: 34666489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, atomic layer etching (ALE) of Si compounds using H2 or N2 plasma modification followed by fluorine radical exposure is discussed. It is shown that the H2 plasma modification process promotes the selective etching of SiN, SiC, and SiCO versus SiO2. The N2 plasma modification, on the other hand, enables the selective etching of SiC and SiCO versus SiN and SiO2. The origin of the etching selectivity between different Si compounds is investigated using a combination of in situ SE and FTIR supported by several ex situ analysis techniques. It is shown that the formation of a hydrogen-rich layer after plasma modification is essential to enable the ALE process. The hydrogen-rich layer can be formed due to ion and radicals of the modification plasma (H2 plasma modification) or be a result of the reconfiguration of hydrogen that is already present in the film (N2 plasma modification). The obtained insights are expected to further enhance the etching selectivity of Si compound ALE processes. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the process can be extended to many other compound materials such as Ti and Hf, as well as enable selective etching between their oxides, carbides, and nitrides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Mukherjee
- ASM Japan K.K., 23-1, 6-chome Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - K Nakane
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - T Tsutsumi
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - M Hori
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - N Kobayashi
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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37
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Hirose M, Aung MS, Fukuda A, Yahata S, Fujita Y, Saitoh M, Hirose Y, Urushibara N, Kobayashi N. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant and Susceptible Staphylococcal Isolates from Oral Cavity of Dental Patients and Staff in Northern Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111316. [PMID: 34827254 PMCID: PMC8615198 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of drug resistance and virulence by staphylococcal species colonizing humans is a growing public health concern. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus isolates from the oral cavity and skin (hand) of systemically healthy subjects with dental disease and dental staff in northern Japan. Among a total of 133 subjects (91 patients and 42 staff), 87 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (83 S. aureus/4 S. argenteus) and 162 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates were recovered from 59 (44.4%) and 95 (71.4%) subjects, respectively. Three oral isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (3.6%, 3/83) that were genotyped as ST8-SCCmec-IVl, ST4775(CC1)-SCCmec-IVa and ST6562(CC8)-SCCmec-IVa. Remarkably, the ST6562 isolate harbored PVL genes on ΦSa2usa and type I ACME (arginine catabolic mobile element). Four methicillin-susceptible isolates were identified as S. argenteus belonging to ST1223 and ST2250, which harbored enterotoxin genes egc-2 and sey, respectively. Among the fourteen CoNS species identified, methicillin-resistant (MR) isolates were detected in five species (11 isolates, 13.3% of CoNS), with S. saprophyticus and S. haemolyticus being the most common. ACME was prevalent in only S. epidermidis and S. capitis. These findings indicated the potential distribution of USA300 clone-like MRSA, toxigenic S. argenteus and MR-CoNS in the oral cavity of dental patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hirose
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan; (M.H.); (A.F.); (S.Y.); (Y.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111
| | - Atsushi Fukuda
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan; (M.H.); (A.F.); (S.Y.); (Y.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Shoko Yahata
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan; (M.H.); (A.F.); (S.Y.); (Y.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan; (M.H.); (A.F.); (S.Y.); (Y.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan; (M.H.); (A.F.); (S.Y.); (Y.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Yukito Hirose
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (N.K.)
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (N.K.)
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Aung MS, San T, Urushibara N, San N, Hlaing MS, Soe PE, Htut WHW, Moe I, Mon WLY, Chan ZCN, Kobayashi N. Clonal Diversity and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pediatric Patients in Myanmar. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:191-198. [PMID: 34619061 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant and virulent Staphylococcus aureus among children is a public health concern, but the actual conditions in Myanmar have not been characterized. In this study, a total of 244 clinical isolates of S. aureus collected from pediatric patients in Yangon Children's Hospital during a 1-year period were analyzed for their drug resistance and genetic features. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 19.7% of isolates associated with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type III, IV, or V. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected in 61.5% of all isolates, with a significantly higher prevalence in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA; 67.9%) than in MRSA (35.4%) isolates. Sequence type (ST) 239/SCCmec-III was the most common MRSA clone lacking PVL genes, while PVL-positive MRSA belonged to mostly ST361/SCCmec-V and ST772/SCCmec-V. Among MSSA isolates, ST121, ST2990, ST88, and ST1930 were dominant, harboring mostly PVL genes. ST239 MRSA isolates exhibited the highest resistance rates to antimicrobials, and quinolone resistance was found in the dominant MRSA clones (ST239, ST361, and ST772) and some MSSA lineages. The present study revealed the prevalence and clonal diversity of MRSA/MSSA in children in Myanmar in relation to drug resistance and virulence determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thida San
- Yangon Children's Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nilar San
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Myat Su Hlaing
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Pan Ei Soe
- National Health Laboratory, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Ingin Moe
- Yangon Children's Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | | | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Nila SS, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Nasreen SA, Ahmed S, Ahamad F, Haque N, Khanam J, Paul A, Ara H, Sultana C, Rahman S, Titir SR, Sayeed AB, Roy S. Rapid Serologic and Molecular Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus among Suspected Febrile Patients Visiting Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:967-972. [PMID: 34605464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scrub typhus, caused by the bacterium- Orientia tsutsugamushi is one of the leading causes of undifferentiated treatable febrile illness in Asia pacific region. It is grossly under diagnosed in many tropical countries of South Asia including Bangladesh, due to wide range of non-specific clinical presentations, low index of suspicion among clinicians, limited awareness and lack of accurate diagnostic facilities. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College to diagnose scrub typhus by rapid Immunochromatographic test (ICT) as well as molecular detection of O. tsutsugamushi by Nested PCR and automated nucleotide sequencing among suspected febrile patients in Mymensingh, Bangladesh during 2019-20. Blood samples were collected from 402 febrile patients of suspected Rickettsial illness, referred from inpatient and outpatient departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH). Among the enrolled 402 patients, 89 samples (22.13%) were seropositive by Immunochromatographic test (ICT) and 65 samples (16.16%) were positive for O. tsutsugamushi DNA by Nested PCR, targeting 47KDa gene. Therefore, 113/402 (28.10%) samples were positive for scrub typhus by PCR and/ or ICT. Highest number of patients was detected positive by nested PCR during the first 5-10 days of fever but only 2 cases were positive after 20 days. In case of ICT, highest positivity for only IgM (8.13%) and both antibodies (2.43%) were documented in first 5-10 days of fever, but IgG positivity was highest (41.66) in >20 days of fever. From 65 PCR positive samples, automated nucleotide sequencing was performed on 20 randomly selected samples and all were genetically confirmed to be O. tsutsugamushi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Nila
- Dr Sultana Shabnam Nila, Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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40
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Alam M, Paul SK, Haque N, Ahmad FU, Mazid R, Al Amin MM, Aziz MA, Paul A, Ahmed S, Nasreen SA, Kobayashi N. Seropositivity of Human Brucellosis among Patients with Pyrexia of Unknown Origin on Both Risk and Non-Risk Group of Individuals and Molecular Detection by Real-time PCR. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:936-942. [PMID: 34605459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that is one of the important infectious causes of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO). The objective of the present study was to determine the seropositivity and molecular detection of human brucellosis among the patients with pyrexia of unknown origin on both risk and non-risk group of individuals in greater Mymensingh. A total of 400 blood samples were randomly collected from pyretic patients started from September 2018 to August 2019. Questionnaires were used to collect data on both risk and non-risk group of individuals. All samples were initially screened for anti-Brucella antibodies using the Brucella-specific latex agglutination test. For accurate investigation, seropositive as well as seronegative serum samples were tested by BCSP31 Brucella genus-specific TaqMan real-time PCR. Overall 32(8%) cases were positive out of 400 samples by Brucella-specific latex agglutination test and/or BCSP31 Brucella genus-specific real-time PCR. Brucella-specific latex agglutination test documented 7% (28/400) positivity for brucellosis. 22(5.5%) samples found Brucella genus-specific real-time PCR positive out of 400 samples. Most real-time PCR positive cases were found from sero-positive samples of risk group population (15/32). Sero-negative but real-time PCR positive cases also found only from risk group population (4/32). There were 10 seropositive cases where real-time PCR was negative. In addition to Brucella-specific latex agglutination test as a screening test, Brucella genus-specific real-time PCR was performed for confirmation and also to avoid unjustified costs, drug toxicity, and masking of other potentially dangerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alam
- Dr Mahbubul Alam, MD Resident, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Khanam J, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Nasreen SA, Ahmed S, Haque N, Ahamad F, Nila SS, Hosen MA, Chowdhury CS. Early and Rapid Detection of Typhoid Fever by Nested PCR in Blood. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:986-990. [PMID: 34605467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi is one of the major health problems in developing countries including Bangladesh. Still now blood culture is gold standard method for diagnosing typhoid fever, but this method is laborious, requires several days and detection rate is low. Failure of early laboratory diagnosis often leads to increased morbidity and mortality. This study was intended to apply a nested PCR in blood for early diagnosis of typhoid fever. In this cross sectional study blood samples were collected from 200 suspected typhoid fever patients attending Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (n PCR) of flagellin gene was done in all the blood samples. At the same time all blood samples were subjected to culture by lytic centrifugation method. Culture positive isolates were identified as S. typhi by biochemical tests. Among the 200 blood samples, 57 (28.5%) were positive for S. typhi on nested PCR where as blood culture was positive for S. typhi in 16 (8%) samples. Among the 57 PCR positive samples, only 15 (26.3%) samples were culture positive for S. typhi and rest 42 (73.7%) were culture negative. So, in culture negative cases PCR can be used as a rapid diagnostic test for diagnosing typhoid fever. Considering time requirement, PCR takes one day, whereas blood culture takes 3 or more days to confirm diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khanam
- Dr Jobyda Khanam, Lecturer (Virology), Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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42
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Chowdhury CS, Khan JA, Khanam J, Nila SS, Ahmed S, Haque N, Ahamad F, Paul A, Ara H, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Abedin S, Roy S, Nasreen SA. Detection of Biocide Resistance Genes (qacE and qacΔE1) in Pseudomonas spp Isolated from Patients with CSOM at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:954-959. [PMID: 34605462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biocides, including disinfectants and antiseptics, are used for a variety of topical and hard surface applications in health care facilities. Biocides play a significant role for preventing and controlling nosocomial infections. However, failures in the antimicrobial activities of biocides have been reported. The resistance mechanism to disinfectants is usually determined by genes which are related to resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, namely, qacE, qacΔE1 that are found in Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence of Biocides resistance genes, qacE and qacΔE1, in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas spp. It was carried out from March 2017 to July 2018 in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Samples were collected from Outpatient of ENT department, MMCH. In this study, 300 clinical samples of CSOM cases were tested by the PCR method. The present study shows detection of biocide resistance genes (qacE, qacΔE1) among 87 isolated Pseudomonas spp by uniplex PCR. Among 72 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 67(93.05%) had the gene qacEΔ1 and 25(34.72%) had the gene qacE. In addition other 15 Pseudomonas spp 3(20%) isolates had the qacEΔ1 gene and 2(13.33%) isolates had the qacE gene. In this study there is a marked difference in detection of the qacEΔ1 gene between the MDR and non MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. The qacEΔ1 was identified in 50 of 54(92.59%) MDR isolates and 7 of 18(38.89%) non MDR strains respectively. While gene qacE was detect 25(46.29%) MDR isolates and did not show any qacEΔ1gene in non MDR isolates. This study shows that the genes, qacE, qacΔE1 are widespread among Pseudomonas aeruginosa, they are higher in MDR strains than non MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Chowdhury
- Dr Chand Sultana Chowdhury, Lecturer (Virology), Department of Microbiology, MMC, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Yajima S, Kajiwara K, Isozaki M, Kobayashi N, Ikeda R, Kobayashi T, Shinya T, Yamazaki H, Takahashi K. Estimation of RF power absorption and stray distribution at plasma breakdown based on the design of ITER ECH&CD equatorial launcher. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ara H, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Nasreen SA, Ahmed S, Haque N, Ahmed F, Khanam J, Nila SS, Titir SR, Rahman S, Islam MF, Roy S, Ifa IA, Abedin S, Chowdhury CS, Paul A, Nesa M. Prevalence of ESBL Encoding Genes in Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Various Samples of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mymensingh. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:625-632. [PMID: 34226447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of ESBL genes among A. baumannii isolates. In this cross sectional study, 49 Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from various clinical samples from March 2019 to February 2020 conducted in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Clinical samples including endotracheal aspirates, wound swab/pus, urine and blood. A total of 380 samples were analyzed. Growth was obtained in 34.21% of the samples yielding 130 organisms. Out of 130 organisms, 49(37.69%) were Acinetobacter spp. Among 49 Acinetobacter spp, 39(79.59%) were Acinetobacter baumannii which was identified by PCR targeting OXA-51 like gene. Amplification of the ESBL encoding genes, namely CTX-M, TEM, SHV done by molecular technique PCR. The most antibacterial resistance was against ceftriaxone (79.48%) and lower resistance only showed in colistin (12.82%). All the isolates were sensitive to tigecycline. The distribution of ESBLs genes such as TEM 20(51.28%), CTX-M 16(41.02%) and SHV 0(0%). The high resistance to most of the antibiotics among the studied strains and also a high prevalence of TEM gene in A. baumannii strains found in our study gives alarming sign towards the treatment complexity of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ara
- Dr Hosne Ara, MD (Thesis Part) Student, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Afrin SZ, Paul SK, Begum JA, Nasreen SA, Ahmed S, Ahmad FU, Aziz MA, Parvin R, Aung MS, Kobayashi N. Extensive genetic diversity with novel mutations in spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Bangladesh in late 2020. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 41:100889. [PMID: 33936746 PMCID: PMC8065242 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Bangladesh, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been highly prevalent during late 2020, with nearly 500 000 confirmed cases. In the present study, the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) circulating in Bangladesh was genetically investigated to elucidate the diversity of mutations and their prevalence. The nucleotide sequence of the S protein gene was determined for 15 SARS-CoV-2 samples collected from eight divisions in Bangladesh, and analysed for mutations compared with the reference strain (hCoV-19/Wuhan/WIV04/2019). All the SARS-CoV-2 S genes were assigned to B.1 lineage in G clade, and individual S proteins had 1-25 mutations causing amino acid substitution/deletion. A total of 133 mutations were detected in 15 samples, with D614G being present in all the samples; 53 were novel mutations as of January 2021. On the receptor-binding domain, 21 substitutions including ten novel mutations were identified. Other novel mutations were located on the N-terminal domain (S1 subunit) and dispersed sites in the S2 subunit, including two substitutions that remove potential N-glycosylation sites. A P681R substitution adjacent to the furin cleavage site was detected in one sample. All the mutations detected were located on positions that are functionally linked to host transition, antigenic drift, host surface receptor binding or antibody recognition sites, and viral oligomerization interfaces, which presumably related to viral transmission and pathogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Afrin
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - S K Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Netrokona Medical College, Netrokona, Bangladesh
| | - J A Begum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - S A Nasreen
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - F U Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, TMSS Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - M A Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - R Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M S Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Urushibara N, Aung MS, Kawaguchiya M, Kobayashi N. Novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type XIV (5A) and a truncated SCCmec element in SCC composite islands carrying speG in ST5 MRSA in Japan. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:46-50. [PMID: 31617906 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements are highly diverse and have been classified into 13 types. The arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) is an SCC-like element harbouring an arginine deiminase pathway gene cluster (ACME-arc). ACME type I (ACME I), additionally including a spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase gene (speG), is considered to have contributed to the rapid spread of the most successful MRSA clone, USA300. OBJECTIVES To characterize the SCC composite islands (SCC-CIs) in ST5 MRSA positive for both ACME-arc and speG. METHODS Three ST5 MRSA strains (SC640, SC792 and SC955) collected in Hokkaido, Japan were subjected to WGS and the SCC-CIs were determined. RESULTS The SCC-CIs consisted of four (SC640 and SC792) or three (SC955) SCC/SCC-like elements and commonly harboured both an ACME type II' and an SCC encoding speG. These SCC-CIs appear to mimic ACME I in USA300, in that they are equipped with ACME-arc and speG. The SCC-CIs of SC640 and SC792 contained novel SCCmec/SCCmec-like elements at the 3' end, whereas SC955 contained SCCmec type V. The SCCmec of SC792 carried mec complex A and ccrC1, which was determined to be novel and designated as SCCmec type XIV (5A). SC640 harboured an SCCmec-like element derived from SCCmec type XIV. It lacked most of the downstream region of the mec complex, including the left chromosomal attachment site (SCCmec XIV Δkdp/DR-L), and lost its capability for chromosomal excision, suggesting that the mecA gene is immobilized on the chromosome. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for increasing complexity of SCC-CIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Khanam J, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, Nasreen SA, Ahmed S, Haque N, Ahamad F, Nila SS, Titir SR, Ara H, Rahman S, Roy S, Abedin S, Hosen MA, Jannat H, Rashed F. Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and ESBL Production among Clinical Isolates of Salmonella Species in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:329-336. [PMID: 33830110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars (both typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonellae) is a major public health problem especially in developing countries, which have been associated with treatment failures. Therefore, the study was undertaken to determine the current antimicrobial resistance pattern and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production among clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. during 2019-2020 in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. In this cross sectional study, 36 Salmonella enterica isolates were obtained from blood and stool culture of suspected 200 enteric fever and 100 gastroenteritis patients attending at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Isolated Salmonella species were identified by biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Disk diffusion test was performed by modified Kirby Bauer method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ceftriaxone was detected by agar dilution method. Double disk synergy test was used as a screening test for ESBL production. PCR was done for detection of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-MU genes. The isolates showed 25% resistance to Ceftriaxone and 58.3% to Azithromycin. The highest sensitivity rates were 88.9% to Meropenem and 83.3% to Amikacin. Whereas 6(16.7%) isolates were Multi Drug Resistant (MDR). Eight (8) isolates were confirmed as ESBL producer by DDST. The marked increase in MIC was observed between 8->512μg/ml to ceftriaxone. blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-MU genes were detected in 3, 5 and 8 isolates respectively. In conclusion, the current study observed, higher level of resistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin. At the same times 22.2% isolates showed ESBL production, which is a cause for concern as it may lead to treatment failure. On the other hand the study also showed the re-emergence of chloramphenicol and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khanam
- Dr Jobyda Khanam, Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Oliva A, Carmona Y, de La C. López E, Álvarez R, Aung MS, Kobayashi N, Quiñones D. Characterization of Neonatal Infections by Gram-Negative Bacilli and Associated Risk Factors, Havana, Cuba. Infect Dis Rep 2021; 13:219-229. [PMID: 33803222 PMCID: PMC8005978 DOI: 10.3390/idr13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections represent an important problem in neonates because of the high mortality. An increase in neonatal infections has been found in Cuban hospitals in recent years. The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the clinical and microbiological behavior of Gram-negative bacilli that cause neonatal infections in hospitals of Havana, Cuba. It was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional investigation from September 2017 to July 2018 in The Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kouri" (IPK). Sixty-one Gram-negative bacilli isolated from neonates with infections in six Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospitals of Havana were analyzed for their species and antimicrobial susceptibility. Late-onset infections were more common than early-onset ones and included urinary tract infection in the community (87%) and sepsis in hospitals (63.3%). Catheter use (47%) and prolonged stay (38%) were the most frequent risk factors. Species of major pathogens were Escherichia coli (47%) and Klebsiella spp. (26%). The isolated Gram-negative bacilli showed high resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, while being more susceptible to carbapenems, fosfomycin, colistin and amikacin. The present study revealed the clinical impact of Gram-negative bacilli in neonatology units in hospitals of Havana. Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities to the isolates from neonates is necessary for selection of appropriate empirical therapy and promotion of the rational antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yenisel Carmona
- Tropical Medicine Institute “Pedro Kouri”, Havana 11400, Cuba;
| | | | - Roberto Álvarez
- Public Health Ministry, Havana 10400, Cuba; (E.d.L.C.L.); (R.Á.)
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.S.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.S.A.); (N.K.)
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49
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Yang ZH, Kubota Y, Corsi A, Yoshida K, Sun XX, Li JG, Kimura M, Michel N, Ogata K, Yuan CX, Yuan Q, Authelet G, Baba H, Caesar C, Calvet D, Delbart A, Dozono M, Feng J, Flavigny F, Gheller JM, Gibelin J, Giganon A, Gillibert A, Hasegawa K, Isobe T, Kanaya Y, Kawakami S, Kim D, Kiyokawa Y, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi T, Kondo Y, Korkulu Z, Koyama S, Lapoux V, Maeda Y, Marqués FM, Motobayashi T, Miyazaki T, Nakamura T, Nakatsuka N, Nishio Y, Obertelli A, Ohkura A, Orr NA, Ota S, Otsu H, Ozaki T, Panin V, Paschalis S, Pollacco EC, Reichert S, Roussé JY, Saito AT, Sakaguchi S, Sako M, Santamaria C, Sasano M, Sato H, Shikata M, Shimizu Y, Shindo Y, Stuhl L, Sumikama T, Sun YL, Tabata M, Togano Y, Tsubota J, Xu FR, Yasuda J, Yoneda K, Zenihiro J, Zhou SG, Zuo W, Uesaka T. Quasifree Neutron Knockout Reaction Reveals a Small s-Orbital Component in the Borromean Nucleus ^{17}B. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:082501. [PMID: 33709737 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A kinematically complete quasifree (p,pn) experiment in inverse kinematics was performed to study the structure of the Borromean nucleus ^{17}B, which had long been considered to have a neutron halo. By analyzing the momentum distributions and exclusive cross sections, we obtained the spectroscopic factors for 1s_{1/2} and 0d_{5/2} orbitals, and a surprisingly small percentage of 9(2)% was determined for 1s_{1/2}. Our finding of such a small 1s_{1/2} component and the halo features reported in prior experiments can be explained by the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum, revealing a definite but not dominant neutron halo in ^{17}B. The present work gives the smallest s- or p-orbital component among known nuclei exhibiting halo features and implies that the dominant occupation of s or p orbitals is not a prerequisite for the occurrence of a neutron halo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Yang
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Kubota
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Corsi
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Yoshida
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - X-X Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J G Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M Kimura
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Nuclear Reaction Data Centre, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - N Michel
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Ogata
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Department of Physics, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - C X Yuan
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Yuan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - G Authelet
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Baba
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Caesar
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Calvet
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Delbart
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Dozono
- Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J Feng
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - F Flavigny
- IPN Orsay, Université Paris Sud, IN2P3-CNRS, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J-M Gheller
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Gibelin
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - A Giganon
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Gillibert
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Hasegawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Isobe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Kanaya
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - S Kawakami
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - D Kim
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kiyokawa
- Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Kondo
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Z Korkulu
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA Atomki), P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - S Koyama
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - V Lapoux
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y Maeda
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - F M Marqués
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - T Motobayashi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - N Nakatsuka
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Nishio
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - A Obertelli
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Ohkura
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - N A Orr
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - S Ota
- Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Otsu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Ozaki
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - V Panin
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Paschalis
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E C Pollacco
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Reichert
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J-Y Roussé
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A T Saito
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - S Sakaguchi
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M Sako
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Santamaria
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Sasano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Sato
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Shikata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Y Shimizu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Shindo
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - L Stuhl
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - T Sumikama
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y L Sun
- Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Tabata
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Y Togano
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - J Tsubota
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - F R Xu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J Yasuda
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - K Yoneda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Zenihiro
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S-G Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W Zuo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - T Uesaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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50
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Ogawa A, Watanabe T, Natsume T, Okura E, Saito S, Kato S, Nakayama Y, Furukawa S, Yamaguchi T, Kosho T, Uehara T, Kobayashi N, Agematsu K, Nakazawa Y, Shigemura T. Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease Caused by Mutations in the X-Linked Gene IL2RG. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2021; 31:69-71. [PMID: 32490820 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - E Okura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - S Furukawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - N Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - K Agematsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Shigemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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