1
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Minami S, Kotaki T, Sakai Y, Okamura S, Torii S, Ono C, Motooka D, Hamajima R, Nouda R, Nurdin JA, Yamasaki M, Kanai Y, Ebina H, Maeda Y, Okamoto T, Tachibana T, Matsuura Y, Kobayashi T. Vero cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain shows increased viral growth through furin-mediated efficient spike cleavage. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0285923. [PMID: 38415690 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02859-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes several host proteases to cleave the spike (S) protein to enter host cells. SARS-CoV-2 S protein is cleaved into S1 and S2 subunits by furin, which is closely involved in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. However, the effects of the modulated protease cleavage activity due to S protein mutations on viral replication and pathogenesis remain unclear. Herein, we serially passaged two SARS-CoV-2 strains in Vero cells and characterized the cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strains in vitro and in vivo. The adapted strains showed high viral growth, effective S1/S2 cleavage of the S protein, and low pathogenicity compared with the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the viral growth and S1/S2 cleavage were enhanced by the combination of the Δ68-76 and H655Y mutations using recombinant SARS-CoV-2 strains generated by the circular polymerase extension reaction. The recombinant SARS-CoV-2 strain, which contained the mutation of the adapted strain, showed increased susceptibility to the furin inhibitor, suggesting that the adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain utilized furin more effectively than the wild-type strain. Pathogenicity was attenuated by infection with effectively cleaved recombinant SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting that the excessive cleavage of the S proteins decreases virulence. Finally, the high-growth-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain could be used as the seed for a low-cost inactivated vaccine; immunization with this vaccine can effectively protect the host from SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our findings provide novel insights into the growth and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in the evolution of cell-cell transmission. IMPORTANCE The efficacy of the S protein cleavage generally differs among the SARS-CoV-2 variants, resulting in distinct viral characteristics. The relationship between a mutation and the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the sequence of high-growth Vero cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and factors determining the enhancement of the growth of the adapted virus and confirmed the characteristics of the adapted strain by analyzing the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 strain. We successfully identified mutations Δ68-76 and H655Y, which enhance viral growth and the S protein cleavage by furin. Using recombinant viruses enabled us to conduct a virus challenge experiment in vivo. The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 introduced with the mutations Δ68-76, H655Y, P812L, and Q853L was attenuated in hamsters, indicating the possibility of the attenuation of excessive cleaved SARS-CoV-2. These findings provide novel insights into the infectivity and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 strains, thereby significantly contributing to the field of virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Minami
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kotaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Okamura
- Virus Vaccine Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rina Hamajima
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ebina
- Virus Vaccine Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- Laboratory of Viral Dynamism Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Cell Engineering Corporation, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Bai L, Tani T, Kobayashi T, Nouda R, Kanai Y, Sano Y, Takami K, Tomita H, Sugano E, Ozaki T, Kiyono T, Fukuda T. Establishment of immortalized Egyptian Rousettus bat cell lines. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:598-612. [PMID: 38373743 PMCID: PMC10988675 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Egyptian Rousettus bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) is a common fruit bat species that is distributed mainly in Africa and the Middle East. Bats serve as reservoir hosts for numerous pathogens. Human activities, such as hunting bats for food, managing vermin, and causing habitat loss, elevate the likelihood of transmission of bat pathogens to humans and other animals. Consequently, bat cell lines play a crucial role as research materials for investigating viral pathogens. However, the inherent limitation of finite cell division in primary cells necessitates the use of immortalized cells derived from various bat tissues. Herein, we successfully established six fibroblast cell lines derived from an infant bat heart and lungs and an elderly bat heart. Three of the six cell lines, called K4DT cells, were transduced by a combination of cell cycle regulators, mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase. The other three cell lines, named SV40 cells, were transfected with simian virus 40 large T antigen. Transgene protein expression was detected in the transduced cells. All three K4DT cell lines and one lung-derived SV40 cell line were virtually immortalized and nearly maintained the normal diploid karyotypes. However, the two other heart-derived SV40 cell lines had aberrant karyotypes and the young bat-derived cell line stopped proliferating at approximately 40 population doublings. These bat cell lines are valuable for studying pathogen genomics and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Bai
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
| | - Tetsuya Tani
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of AgricultureKindai UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityJapan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityJapan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityJapan
| | - Yusuke Sano
- Local Independent Administrative Agency Tennoji Zoological GardensOsakaJapan
| | - Kazutoshi Takami
- Osaka Municipal Tennoji Zoological GardensJapan
- Present address:
*Toyohashi Zoo and Botanical ParkToyohashiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial CenterNational Cancer CenterChibaJapan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
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3
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Kanai Y, Onishi M, Yoshida Y, Kotaki T, Minami S, Nouda R, Yamasaki M, Enoki Y, Kobayashi T. Genetic engineering strategy for generating a stable dsRNA virus vector using a virus-like codon-modified transgene. J Virol 2023; 97:e0049223. [PMID: 37732784 PMCID: PMC10617491 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00492-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The stabilities of transgenes in RNA virus vectors differ between the genes of interest, but the molecular mechanisms determining genetic stability remain unknown. This study demonstrated that the stability of a transgene was affected by the nucleotide composition, and altering the codon usage of transgenes to resemble that of the viral genome significantly increased transgene stability in double-stranded RNA virus vectors. The virus-like codon modification strategy enabled generation of stable rotavirus and mammalian orthoreovirus vectors, which could be developed as machinery for gene delivery to the intestines and/or respiratory organs. This technology has further potential to be expanded to other RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misa Onishi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukino Yoshida
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kotaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Enoki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Minami S, Matsumoto N, Omori H, Nakamura Y, Tamiya S, Nouda R, Nurdin JA, Yamasaki M, Kotaki T, Kanai Y, Okamoto T, Tachibana T, Ushijima H, Kobayashi T, Sato S. Effective SARS-CoV-2 replication of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11610. [PMID: 37463955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe acute respiratory symptoms in humans. Controlling the coronavirus disease pandemic is a worldwide priority. The number of SARS-CoV-2 studies has dramatically increased, and the requirement for analytical tools is higher than ever. Here, we propose monolayered-intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) instead of three-dimensional cultured intestinal organoids as a suitable tool to study SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differentiated IEC monolayers express high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), host factors essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 efficiently grows in IEC monolayers. Using this propagation system, we confirm that TMPRSS2 inhibition blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection in IECs. Hence, our iPSC-derived IEC monolayers are suitable for SARS-CoV-2 research under physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Minami
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Omori
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tamiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kotaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Cell Engineering Corporation, Osaka, 532-0011, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan.
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5
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Hamajima R, Lusiany T, Minami S, Nouda R, Nurdin JA, Yamasaki M, Kobayashi N, Kanai Y, Kobayashi T. A reverse genetics system for human rotavirus G2P[4]. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36748482 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Recently, versatile plasmid-based reverse genetics systems were developed for several human RV genotypes; however, these systems have not been developed for all commonly circulating human RV genotypes. In this study, we established a reverse genetics system for G2P[4] human RV strain HN126. Nucleotide sequence analysis, including that of the terminal ends of the viral double-stranded RNA genome, revealed that HN126 possessed a DS-1-like genotype constellation. Eleven plasmids, each encoding 11 gene segments of the RV genome, and expression plasmids encoding vaccinia virus RNA capping enzyme (D1R and D12L), Nelson Bay orthoreovirus FAST, and NSP2 and NSP5 of HN126, were transfected into BHK-T7 cells, and recombinant strain HN126 was generated. Using HN126 or simian RV strain SA11 as backbone viruses, reassortant RVs carrying the outer and intermediate capsid proteins (VP4, VP7 and VP6) of HN126 and/or SA11 (in various combinations) were generated. Viral replication analysis of the single, double and triple reassortant viruses suggested that homologous combination of the VP4 and VP7 proteins contributed to efficient virus infectivity and interaction between other viral or cellular proteins. Further studies of reassortant viruses between simian and other human RV strains will contribute to developing an appropriate model for human RV research, as well as suitable backbone viruses for generation of recombinant vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hamajima
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan.,Present address: Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Chikusa, Japan
| | - Tina Lusiany
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Nouda R, Kawagishi T, Kanai Y, Shimojima M, Saijo M, Matsuura Y, Kobayashi T. The nonstructural p17 protein of a fusogenic bat-borne reovirus regulates viral replication in virus species- and host-specific manners. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010553. [PMID: 35653397 PMCID: PMC9162341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV), a member of the family Reoviridae, genus Orthoreovirus, is a bat-borne virus that causes respiratory diseases in humans. NBV encodes two unique nonstructural proteins, fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein and p17 protein, in the S1 gene segment. FAST induces cell–cell fusion between infected cells and neighboring cells and the fusogenic activity is required for efficient viral replication. However, the function of p17 in the virus cycle is not fully understood. Here, various p17 mutant viruses including p17-deficient viruses were generated by a reverse genetics system for NBV. The results demonstrated that p17 is not essential for viral replication and does not play an important role in viral pathogenesis. On the other hand, NBV p17 regulated viral replication in a bat cell line but not in other human and animal cell lines. Nuclear localization of p17 is associated with the regulation of NBV replication in bat cells. We also found that p17 dramatically enhances the cell–cell fusion activity of NBV FAST protein for efficient replication in bat cells. Furthermore, we found that a protein homologue of NBV p17 from another bat-borne orthoreovirus, but not those of avian orthoreovirus or baboon orthoreovirus, also supported efficient viral replication in bat cells using a p17-deficient virus-based complementation approach. These results provide critical insights into the functioning of the unique replication machinery of bat-borne viruses in their natural hosts. Bat-borne viruses including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Nipah virus generally cause highly pathogenic diseases in humans but not in their bat reservoirs. Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV), a bat-borne virus associated with acute respiratory tract infections in humans, possesses two unique nonstructural proteins, FAST and p17. FAST enhances viral replication through its cell–cell fusion activity, while the function of p17 in the viral life cycle is poorly understood. In this study, we show that p17 is non-essential for viral replication in several human and animal cell lines and does not play a critical role in pathogenesis in vivo. However, p17 localizes to the nucleus and regulates viral replication specifically in cells derived from bats by enhancing the cell–cell fusion activity of FAST in a host-specific manner. Furthermore, the expression of NBV p17 or an NBV p17 homologue from another bat-borne orthoreovirus enhanced the replication of an NBV mutant deficient in p17 in bat cells, suggesting that the function of p17 is virus species-specific. These findings will contribute to our understanding of how the replication of viruses is regulated in their natural reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawagishi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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7
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Kanai Y, Nouda R, Kobayashi T. [Reverse genetics systems for Reoviridae viruses]. Uirusu 2022; 72:55-62. [PMID: 37899230 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.72.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
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8
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Pannacha P, Kanai Y, Kawagishi T, Nouda R, Nurdin JA, Yamasaki M, Nomura K, Lusiany T, Kobayashi T. Generation of recombinant rotaviruses encoding a split NanoLuc peptide tag. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:740-746. [PMID: 33250174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant viruses expressing fluorescent or luminescent reporter proteins are used to quantitate and visualize viral replication and transmission. Here, we used a split NanoLuc luciferase (NLuc) system comprising large LgBiT and small HiBiT peptide fragments to generate stable reporter rotaviruses (RVs). Reporter RVs expressing NSP1-HiBiT fusion protein were generated by placing an 11 amino acid HiBiT peptide tag at the C-terminus of the intact simian RV NSP1 open reading frame or truncated human RV NSP1 open reading frame. Virus-infected cell lysates exhibited NLuc activity that paralleled virus replication. The antiviral activity of neutralizing antibodies and antiviral reagents against the recombinant HiBiT reporter viruses were monitored by measuring reductions in NLuc expression. These findings demonstrate that the HiBiT reporter RV systems are powerful tools for studying the viral life cycle and pathogenesis, and a robust platform for developing novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimfhun Pannacha
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kawagishi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nomura
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tina Lusiany
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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9
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Kanai Y, Kawagishi T, Sakai Y, Nouda R, Shimojima M, Saijo M, Matsuura Y, Kobayashi T. Cell-cell fusion induced by reovirus FAST proteins enhances replication and pathogenicity of non-enveloped dsRNA viruses. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007675. [PMID: 31022290 PMCID: PMC6504114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusogenic reoviruses encode fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein, which induces cell-cell fusion. FAST protein is the only known fusogenic protein in non-enveloped viruses, and its role in virus replication is not yet known. We generated replication-competent, FAST protein-deficient pteropine orthoreovirus and demonstrated that FAST protein was not essential for viral replication, but enhanced viral replication in the early phase of infection. Addition of recombinant FAST protein enhanced replication of FAST-deficient virus and other non-fusogenic viruses in a fusion-dependent and FAST-species-independent manner. In a mouse model, replication and pathogenicity of FAST-deficient virus were severely impaired relative to wild-type virus, indicating that FAST protein is a major determinant of the high pathogenicity of fusogenic reovirus. FAST-deficient virus also conferred effective protection against challenge with lethal homologous virus strains in mice. Our results demonstrate a novel role of a viral fusogenic protein and the existence of a cell-cell fusion-dependent replication system in non-enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawagishi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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