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Sotomayor N, Villacis JE, Burneo N, Reyes J, Zapata S, Bayas-Rea RDLÁ. Carbapenemase genes in clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter spp. from Quito, Ecuador. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17199. [PMID: 38680892 PMCID: PMC11056107 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. is associated with nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients, resulting in high mortality. Although Acinetobacter spp. represent a serious public health problem worldwide, there are a few studies related to the presence of carbapenemases in health care facilities and other environmental settings in Ecuador. The main aim of this study was to characterize the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates obtained from four hospitals (52) and from five rivers (27) close to Quito. We used the disc diffusion and EDTA sinergy tests to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and the production of metallo β-lactamases, respectively. We carried out a multiplex PCR of gyrB gene and the sequencing of partial rpoB gene to bacterial species identification. We performed molecular screening of nine carbapenem-resistant genes (blaSPM, blaSIM, blaGIM, blaGES, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, and blaOXA-143) by multiplex PCR, followed by identification using sequencing of blaOXA genes. Our findings showed that carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii were the main species found in health care facilities and rivers. Most of the clinical isolates came from respiratory tract samples and harbored blaOXA-23, blaOXA-366, blaOXA-72, blaOXA-65, blaOXA-70, and blaOXA-143-like genes. The river isolates harbored only the blaOXA-51 and probably blaOXA-259 genes. We concluded that the most predominant type of carbapenem genes among isolates were both blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-65 among A. baumannii clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sotomayor
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Eduardo Villacis
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública-INSPI Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Noela Burneo
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rosa de los Ángeles Bayas-Rea
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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Ahmad S, Novokhodko A, Liou IW, Smith NC, Carithers RL, Reyes J, Bakthavatsalam R, Martin C, Bhattacharya R, Du N, Hao S, Gao D. Development and First Clinical Use of an Extracorporeal Artificial Multiorgan System in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients. ASAIO J 2024:00002480-990000000-00428. [PMID: 38421880 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ failure (MOF) is a common and deadly condition. Patients with liver cirrhosis with acute-on-chronic liver failure (AOCLF) are particularly susceptible. Excess fluid accumulation in tissues makes routine hemodialysis generally ineffective because of cardiovascular instability. Patients with three or more organ failures face a mortality rate of more than 90%. Many cannot survive liver transplantation. Extracorporeal support systems like MARS (Baxter, Deerfield, IL) and Prometheus (Bad Homburg, Germany) have shown promise but fall short in bridging patients to transplantation. A novel Artificial Multi-organ Replacement System (AMOR) was developed at the University of Washington Medical Center. AMOR removes protein-bound toxins through a combination of albumin dialysis, a charcoal sorbent column, and a novel rinsing method to prevent sorbent column saturation. It removes excess fluid through hemodialysis. Ten AOCLF patients with over three organ failures were treated by the AMOR system. All patients showed significant clinical improvement. Fifty percent of the cohort received liver transplants or recovered liver function. AMOR was successful in removing large amounts of excess body fluid, which regular hemodialysis could not. AMOR is cost-effective and user-friendly. It removes excess fluid, supporting the other vital organs such as liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart. This pilot study's results encourage further exploration of AMOR for treating MOF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alexander Novokhodko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Iris W Liou
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Robert L Carithers
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Carl Martin
- Department of Clinical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Renuka Bhattacharya
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nanye Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shaohang Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dayong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Hendele JB, Nichols JT, Vutien P, Perkins JD, Reyes J, Dick AAS. A retrospective cohort study of socioeconomic deprivation and post-liver transplant survival in adults. Liver Transpl 2024:01445473-990000000-00321. [PMID: 38289266 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The Area Deprivation Index is a granular measure of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation. The relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and recipient survival following liver transplantation (LT) is unclear. To investigate this, the authors performed a retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent LT at the University of Washington Medical Center from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2020. The primary exposure was a degree of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation as determined by the Area Deprivation Index score. The primary outcome was posttransplant recipient mortality. In a multivariable Cox proportional analysis, LT recipients from high-deprivation areas had a higher risk of mortality than those from low-deprivation areas (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.03-3.18, p =0.04). Notably, the difference in mortality between area deprivation groups did not become statistically significant until 6 years after transplantation. In summary, LT recipients experiencing high socioeconomic deprivation tended to have worse posttransplant survival. Further research is needed to elucidate the extent to which neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation contributes to mortality risk and identify effective measures to improve survival in more socioeconomically disadvantaged LT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Hendele
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jordan T Nichols
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Philip Vutien
- Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory (CBATL), Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James D Perkins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory (CBATL), Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory (CBATL), Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - André A S Dick
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory (CBATL), Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Section of Pediatric Transplant Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Weiner J, Llore N, Ormsby D, Fujiki M, Segovia MC, Obri M, Jafri SM, Liggett J, Kroemer AH, Matsumoto C, Moon J, Di Cocco P, Selvaggi G, Garcia J, Ganoza A, Khanna A, Mazariegos G, Wendel D, Reyes J. The First Collective Examination of Immunosuppressive Practices Among American Intestinal Transplant Centers. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1512. [PMID: 37636483 PMCID: PMC10455426 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unlike other solid organs, no standardized treatment algorithms exist for intestinal transplantation (ITx). We established a consortium of American ITx centers to evaluate current practices. Methods All American centers performing ITx during the past 3 y were invited to participate. As a consortium, we generated questions to evaluate and collect data from each institution. The data were compiled and analyzed. Results Ten centers participated, performing 211 ITx during the past 3 y (range, 3-46; mean 21.1). Induction regimens varied widely. Thymoglobulin was the most common, used in the plurality of patients (85/211; 40.3%), but there was no consensus regimen. Similarly, regimens for the treatment of acute cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, and graft-versus-host disease varied significantly between centers. We also evaluated differences in maintenance immunosuppression protocols, desensitization regimens, mammalian target of rapamycin use, antimetabolite use, and posttransplantation surveillance practices. Maintenance tacrolimus levels, stoma presence, and scoping frequency were not associated with differences in rejection events. Definitive association between treatments and outcomes, including graft and patient survival, was not the intention of this initial collaboration and is prevented by the lack of patient-level data and the presence of confounders. However, we identified trends regarding rejection episodes after various induction strategies that require further investigation in our subsequent collaborations. Conclusions This initial collaboration reveals the extreme heterogeneity of practices among American ITx centers. Future collaboration will explore patient-level data, stratified by age and transplant type (isolated intestine versus multivisceral), to explore the association between treatment regimens and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Weiner
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Nathaly Llore
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Dylan Ormsby
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Masato Fujiki
- Department of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Mark Obri
- Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | | | - Cal Matsumoto
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Jang Moon
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Gennaro Selvaggi
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Jennifer Garcia
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Armando Ganoza
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ajai Khanna
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George Mazariegos
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Danielle Wendel
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical Center/Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical Center/Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
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Moncayo M, Teran E, Reyes J, Yerovi G, Robalino M, Aguilar AC, Garzon-Chavez D. Identification of the Genotypes Circulating in the Ecuadorian Population Infected with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1403-1409. [PMID: 37554251 PMCID: PMC10406119 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s412599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for 1.5 million new infections, and around 290 thousand deaths worldwide. 15 to 30% of the patients that go into a chronic phase of the disease will develop cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma within 20 years and is the leading etiology for liver transplantation. HCV genetic characteristics display a remarkable genetic diversity, which divides HCV into 8 genotypes and 67 subgenotypes; the treatment and probability of chronic HCV depend on these genotypes and subgenotypes. In Ecuador, there is no available information regarding HCV genotypes and subgenotypes; therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of the main genotypes circulating in Ecuador. METHODS In a cross-sectional and descriptive study using the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health (MSP) registry of patients already diagnosed with Hepatitis C (HCV) between 2017 and 2019. From 51 patients identified by health ministry, blood samples from a total of 15 subjects (named HCV1 to HCV15) were collected using an appropriate venipuncture technique. Pandemic-related circumstances avoid reaching all patients identified by health ministry. RESULTS After the amplification of 11 samples from patients living in the Ecuadorian territory, the genotypes of HCV obtained were distributed as follows: 6 samples corresponding to subgenotype 2b (54.5%), 2 samples corresponding to subgenotype 1a (18.2%), 2 samples corresponding to subgenotype 4d (18.2%) and 1 corresponding to sample 1b (9.1%). CONCLUSION These results represent the first epidemiological approach to genotype distribution in Ecuador, and it contributes to better management of patients. We emphasize the importance of the development of better strategies from the Healthcare Ministry of Ecuador (MSP) for the identification, treatment and tracking of HCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Moncayo
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Laboratorio Clinico Pasteur Dr. Alberto Moncayo Calero, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Enrique Teran
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Microbiologı´a, Hospital del IESS Quito Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Aguilar
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Garzon-Chavez
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
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Saavedra JC, Fonseca D, Abrahamyan A, Thekkur P, Timire C, Reyes J, Zachariah R, Agudelo LG. Bloodstream infections and antibiotic resistance at a regional hospital, Colombia, 2019-2021. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e18. [PMID: 37082533 PMCID: PMC10105591 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess antibiotic susceptibility of World Health Organization (WHO) priority bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) in blood cultures at the Orinoquía regional hospital in Colombia. Methods This was cross-sectional study using routine laboratory data for the period 2019-2021. Data on blood samples from patients suspected of a bloodstream infection were examined. We determined: the total number of blood cultures done and the proportion with culture yield; the characteristics of patients with priority bacteria; and the type of bacteria isolated and antibiotic resistance patterns. Results Of 25 469 blood cultures done, 1628 (6%) yielded bacteria; 774 (48%) of these bacteria were WHO priority pathogens. Most of the priority bacteria isolated (558; 72%) were gram-negative and 216 (28%) were gram-positive organisms. Most patients with priority bacteria (666; 86%) were hospitalized in wards other than the intensive care unit, 427 (55%) were male, and 321 (42%) were ≥ 60 years of age. Of the 216 gram-positive bacteria isolated, 205 (95%) were Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 558 gram-negative priority bacteria isolated, the three most common were Escherichia coli (34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (20%). The highest resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was to oxacillin (41%). For gram-negative bacteria, resistance to antibiotics ranged from 4% (amikacin) to 72% (ampicillin). Conclusions Bacterial yield from blood cultures was low and could be improved. WHO priority bacteria were found in all hospital wards. This calls for rigorous infection prevention and control standards and continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Saavedra
- Regional hospital of OrinoquiaYopalColombiaRegional hospital of Orinoquia, Yopal, Colombia.
| | - Deisy Fonseca
- Regional hospital of OrinoquiaYopalColombiaRegional hospital of Orinoquia, Yopal, Colombia.
| | - Arpine Abrahamyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention CenterYerevanArmeniaTuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Pruthu Thekkur
- Centre for Operational ResearchInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseSouth-East Asia OfficeNew DelhiIndiaCentre for Operational Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India.
| | - Collins Timire
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFranceInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Central University of EcuadorQuitoEcuadorCentral University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Rony Zachariah
- UNICEF, UNDP, World BankWHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical DiseasesGenevaSwitzerlandUNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Lorena G. Agudelo
- Regional hospital of OrinoquiaYopalColombiaRegional hospital of Orinoquia, Yopal, Colombia.
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Corredor SM, Abrahamyan A, Thekkur P, Reyes J, Celis Y, Cuellar C, Zachariah R. High level of infection prevention and control in surveyed hospitals in Colombia, 2021. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e70. [PMID: 37089786 PMCID: PMC10120385 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the performance of infection prevention and control (IPC) programs in eight core components in level 2 and level 3 hospitals across all provinces in Colombia. Methods This cross-sectional study used self-assessed IPC performance data voluntarily reported by hospitals to the Ministry of Health and Social Protection during 2021. Each of the eight core components of the World Health Organization's checklist in the Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework contributes a maximum score of 100, and the overall IPC performance score is the sum of these component scores. IPC performance is graded according to the overall score as inadequate (0-200), basic (201-400), intermediate (401-600) or advanced (601-800). Results Of the 441 level 2 and level 3 hospitals, 267 (61%) reported their IPC performance. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) overall IPC score was 672 (IQR: 578-715). Of the 267 hospitals reporting, 187 (70%) achieved an advanced level of IPC. The median overall IPC score was significantly higher in private hospitals (690, IQR: 598-725) than in public hospitals (629, IQR: 538-683) (P < 0.001). Among the core components, scores were highest for the category assessing IPC guidelines (median score: 97.5) and lowest for the category assessing workload, staffing and bed occupancy (median score: 70). Median overall IPC scores varied across the provinces (P < 0.001). Conclusions This countrywide assessment showed that 70% of surveyed hospitals achieved a self-reported advanced level of IPC performance, which reflects progress in building health system resilience. Since only 61% of eligible hospitals participated, an important next step is to ensure the participation of all hospitals in future assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Milena Corredor
- Ministry of Health and Social ProtectionBogotáColombiaMinistry of Health and Social Protection, Bogotá, Colombia
- Sandra Milena Corredor,
| | - Arpine Abrahamyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention CenterYerevanArmeniaTuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Pruthu Thekkur
- Center for Operational ResearchInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFranceCenter for Operational Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Central University of EcuadorQuitoEcuadorCentral University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yamile Celis
- Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health DepartmentPan American Health OrganizationBogotáColombiaCommunicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health Department, Pan American Health Organization, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Cuellar
- Ministry of Health and Social ProtectionBogotáColombiaMinistry of Health and Social Protection, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rony Zachariah
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical DiseasesGenevaSwitzerlandSpecial Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cangui-Panchi SP, Ñacato-Toapanta AL, Enríquez-Martínez LJ, Salinas-Delgado GA, Reyes J, Garzon-Chavez D, Machado A. Battle royale: Immune response on biofilms – host-pathogen interactions. Current Research in Immunology 2023; 4:100057. [PMID: 37025390 PMCID: PMC10070391 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The research interest of the scientific community in biofilm-forming microorganisms is growing due to the problems caused by their infections affecting humans and animals, mainly because of the difficulty of the host immune system in eradicating these microbial complex communities and the increasing antimicrobial resistance rates worldwide. This review describes the virulence factors and their interaction with the microbial communities of four well-known and highly biofilm-forming pathogens, more exactly, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Candida spp. The innate and adaptive immune responses caused by the infection with these microorganisms and their evasion to the host immune system by biofilm formation are discussed in the present work. The relevance of the differences in the expression of certain virulence factors and the immune response in biofilm-associated infections when compared to planktonic infections is usually described as the biofilm architecture protects the pathogen and alters the host immune responses, here we extensively discussed these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pamela Cangui-Panchi
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Anahí Lizbeth Ñacato-Toapanta
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Leonardo Joshué Enríquez-Martínez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Alexandra Salinas-Delgado
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Garzon-Chavez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Quito, Ecuador
| | - António Machado
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Quito, Ecuador
- Corresponding author.
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Cangui-Panchi SP, Lizbeth Ñacato-Toapanta A, Enríquez-Martínez LJ, Reyes J, Garzon-Chavez D, Machado A. Biofilm-forming microorganisms causing hospital-acquired infections from intravenous catheter: a systematic review. Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2022; 3:100175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Jang C, Hui S, Zeng X, Cowan AJ, Wang L, Chen L, Morscher RJ, Reyes J, Frezza C, Hwang HY, Imai A, Saito Y, Okamoto K, Vaspoli C, Kasprenski L, Zsido GA, Gorman JH, Gorman RC, Rabinowitz JD. Metabolite Exchange between Mammalian Organs Quantified in Pigs. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1410. [PMID: 36070684 PMCID: PMC9514224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Reyes J, Hsu E. How did we get here? Liver Transpl 2022; 28:1281-1282. [PMID: 35470530 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evelyn Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Cruz M, Reyes J, Angeles H, Del Rosario J, Lirazan M, Estacio R, Corales L, Dalmacio L. Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-angiogenic activities of dragon fruit
(Hylocereus spp.). Food Res 2022. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.6(3).400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential health benefits of native and exotic fruits have been the subject of many
recent studies in the Philippines as fruits are chief sources of biologically active
substances such as polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavonoids. Dragon fruit
(Hylocereus spp.), an exotic fruit originating from South America, has become
increasingly popular in the Philippines these past few years. Relatively new to the country,
its full health benefits are yet to be discovered. In this study, the anti-tyrosinase and
antioxidant activities of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of the flesh and peel of red
and white dragon fruits were evaluated while the anti-angiogenic potential of the ethanolic
and aqueous extracts of the flesh and peel of white dragon fruit were screened using the
duck embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The methanolic extract of the red
dragon fruit peel showed potent inhibition against the diphenolase activity with the
percentage of inhibition being significantly higher than that of Rutin at 20 mg/mL.
Furthermore, it exhibited better antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid in the radical
scavenging assay as well as the ability to chelate with ferrous ions and reduce the ferric
ion. The observed activities may be attributed to its high total phenolic content and the
observed presence of tannins. In CAM assay, treated duck embryo showed evident
suppression of veins at increasing concentrations of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the
white dragon fruit flesh and the aqueous extract of the white dragon fruit peel (250 ppm to
2000 ppm), with almost no vascularization at 2000 ppm; the trends of vascularization
were almost comparable to that of quercetin, a known anti-angiogenic compound. These
results contribute to the increasing repertoire of potential health benefits of dragon fruit.
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Nichols J, Vutien P, Perkins J, Biggins SW, Dick AAS, McCandlish S, Bambha K, Reyes J. Identifying Liver Transplant Candidates at Risk of Wait List Removal Due to Nonadherence Using a Quality-of-Life Survey: A Competing Risk Analysis. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2022; 20:380-387. [PMID: 35297338 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2022.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether the Liver Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Short Form or the Area Deprivation Index could be used to help identify liver transplant candidates at risk of delisting due to nonadherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 358 adults (≥18 years old) listed for liver transplant at the University of Washington Medical Center from September 1, 2012, to August 30, 2017, who completed the Liver Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Short Form prior to listing. Wait list removal because of substance use or lack of attendance to clinical appointments was prospectively determined by a multidisciplinary transplant committee. A competing risk analysis was used to estimate risk of delisting for nonadherence. RESULTS Among 358 liver transplant candidates, delisting occurred in 23 patients (6.4%) for nonadherence, 205 (57.3%) for transplant, 79 (22.1%) because of death or too sick, and 51 (14.2%) for other reasons. In the multivariable competing risk analysis, Liver Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Short Form responses indicating "poor memory" (subdistribution hazard ratio: 3.53; 95% CI, 1.49-8.36; P = .004) and "poor future outlook" (subdistribution hazard ratio: 2.94; 95% CI, 1.07-8.07; P = .03) were associated with higher risk of delisting for nonadherence. Female sex (subdistribution hazard ratio: 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10-0.93; P = .04) and previous abdominal surgery (subdistribution hazard ratio: 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14-0.92; P = .03) were associated with lower risk of delisting for nonadherence. The Area Deprivation Index was not associated with wait list removal. CONCLUSIONS Liver Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Short Form responses indicating "poor memory" and "poor future outlook" were associated with increased risk of wait list removal due to nonadherence. Proactively identifying patients at high risk of nonadherence may help transplant programs better direct resources toward helping patients improve adherence and avoid delisting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Nichols
- From the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,From the Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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14
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Markmann JF, Abouljoud MS, Ghobrial RM, Bhati CS, Pelletier SJ, Lu AD, Ottmann S, Klair T, Eymard C, Roll GR, Magliocca J, Pruett TL, Reyes J, Black SM, Marsh CL, Schnickel G, Kinkhabwala M, Florman SS, Merani S, Demetris AJ, Kimura S, Rizzari M, Saharia A, Levy M, Agarwal A, Cigarroa FG, Eason JD, Syed S, Washburn WK, Parekh J, Moon J, Maskin A, Yeh H, Vagefi PA, MacConmara MP. Impact of Portable Normothermic Blood-Based Machine Perfusion on Outcomes of Liver Transplant: The OCS Liver PROTECT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg 2022; 157:189-198. [PMID: 34985503 PMCID: PMC8733869 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.6781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Question Can oxygenated portable normothermic perfusion of deceased donor livers for transplant improve outcomes compared with the current standard of care using ischemic cold storage? Findings In this multicenter randomized clinical trial of 300 recipients of liver transplants with the donor liver preserved by either normothermic perfusion or conventional ischemic cold storage, normothermic machine perfusion resulted in decreased early liver graft injury and ischemic biliary complications and greater organ utilization. Meaning In this study, portable normothermic oxygenated machine perfusion of donor liver grafts resulted in improved outcomes after liver transplant and in more livers being transplanted. Importance Ischemic cold storage (ICS) of livers for transplant is associated with serious posttransplant complications and underuse of liver allografts. Objective To determine whether portable normothermic machine perfusion preservation of livers obtained from deceased donors using the Organ Care System (OCS) Liver ameliorates early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and ischemic biliary complications (IBCs). Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter randomized clinical trial (International Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Portable Organ Care System Liver for Preserving and Assessing Donor Livers for Transplantation) was conducted between November 2016 and October 2019 at 20 US liver transplant programs. The trial compared outcomes for 300 recipients of livers preserved using either OCS (n = 153) or ICS (n = 147). Participants were actively listed for liver transplant on the United Network of Organ Sharing national waiting list. Interventions Transplants were performed for recipients randomly assigned to receive donor livers preserved by either conventional ICS or the OCS Liver initiated at the donor hospital. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary effectiveness end point was incidence of EAD. Secondary end points included OCS Liver ex vivo assessment capability of donor allografts, extent of reperfusion syndrome, incidence of IBC at 6 and 12 months, and overall recipient survival after transplant. The primary safety end point was the number of liver graft–related severe adverse events within 30 days after transplant. Results Of 293 patients in the per-protocol population, the primary analysis population for effectiveness, 151 were in the OCS Liver group (mean [SD] age, 57.1 [10.3] years; 102 [67%] men), and 142 were in the ICS group (mean SD age, 58.6 [10.0] years; 100 [68%] men). The primary effectiveness end point was met by a significant decrease in EAD (27 of 150 [18%] vs 44 of 141 [31%]; P = .01). The OCS Liver preserved livers had significant reduction in histopathologic evidence of ischemia-reperfusion injury after reperfusion (eg, less moderate to severe lobular inflammation: 9 of 150 [6%] for OCS Liver vs 18 of 141 [13%] for ICS; P = .004). The OCS Liver resulted in significantly higher use of livers from donors after cardiac death (28 of 55 [51%] for the OCS Liver vs 13 of 51 [26%] for ICS; P = .007). The OCS Liver was also associated with significant reduction in incidence of IBC 6 months (1.3% vs 8.5%; P = .02) and 12 months (2.6% vs 9.9%; P = .02) after transplant. Conclusions and Relevance This multicenter randomized clinical trial provides the first indication, to our knowledge, that normothermic machine perfusion preservation of deceased donor livers reduces both posttransplant EAD and IBC. Use of the OCS Liver also resulted in increased use of livers from donors after cardiac death. Together these findings indicate that OCS Liver preservation is associated with superior posttransplant outcomes and increased donor liver use. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02522871
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Corey Eymard
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | | | | | | | - Jang Moon
- Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | | | - Heidi Yeh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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15
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Shaked O, Demetris J, Levitsky J, Feng S, Loza BL, Punch J, Reyes J, Klintmalm G, Jackson W, DesMarais M, Sayre P, Shaked A, Reddy KR. Impact of Donor and Recipient Clinical Characteristics and Hepatic Histology on Steatosis/Fibrosis Following Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2022; 106:106-116. [PMID: 33982909 PMCID: PMC8349377 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deceased donor and recipient predictors of posttransplant steatosis/steatohepatitis and fibrosis are not well known. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and assess donor and recipient predictors of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis in liver transplantation recipients. METHODS Using the immune tolerance network A-WISH multicenter study (NCT00135694), donor and recipient demographic and clinical features were collected. Liver biopsies were taken from the donor liver at transplant, and from recipients per protocol and for-cause (ie, abnormal transaminases and to rule out rejection) and were interpreted by a central pathologist. RESULTS One hundred eighty-three paired donor/recipients liver biopsies at the time of transplant and posttransplant follow-up (median time 582 d; average time to last biopsies was 704 d [SD ± 402 d]) were analyzed. Donor steatosis did not influence recipient steatosis or fibrosis. Ten of 183 recipients had steatohepatitis on the last biopsy. Recipient body mass index at the time of liver biopsy was the most influential factor associated with posttransplant steatosis. Both donor and recipient metabolic syndrome features were not associated with graft steatosis. Untreated hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection was the most influential factor associated with the development of allograft fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In a large experience evaluating paired donor and recipient characteristics, recipient body mass index at the time of liver biopsy was most significantly associated with posttransplant steatosis. Untreated HCV etiology influenced graft fibrosis. Thus relative to untreated HCV, hepatic fibrosis in those with steatosis/steatohepatitis is less common though long-term follow-up is needed to determine the course of posttransplant fibrosis. Emphasis on recipient weight control is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Shaked
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack Demetris
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josh Levitsky
- Division of Hepatology and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandy Feng
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bao-Li Loza
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Punch
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Goran Klintmalm
- Baylor Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Whitney Jackson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Peter Sayre
- Immune Tolerance Network, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abraham Shaked
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K. Rajender Reddy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Deng Z, Xu X, Dehghani H, Reyes J, Wong J, Tran P, Wang K. Quantification of Tumor Location and Growth for Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Model Using Bioluminescence Tomography-Guided System. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Vutien P, Perkins J, Biggins SW, Reyes J, Imlay H, Limaye AP. Association of Donor and Recipient Cytomegalovirus Serostatus on Graft and Patient Survival in Liver Transplant Recipients. Liver Transpl 2021; 27:1302-1311. [PMID: 33687777 PMCID: PMC9121742 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Among solid organ transplant recipients, donor cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive (D+) and recipient seronegative (R-) status are associated with an increased risk of graft loss and mortality after kidney or lung transplantation. Whether a similar relationship exists among liver transplant recipients (LTR) is unknown. We assessed graft loss and mortality among adult LTRs from January 1, 2010, to March 14, 2020, in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database. We used multivariable mixed Cox proportional hazards regression to analyze the association of donor and recipient CMV serostatus group with graft loss and mortality, with donor seronegative (D-) and recipient seronegative (R-) as the reference group. Among 54,078 LTRs, the proportion of D-R-, D- and recipient seropositive (R+), D+R-, and D+R+ was 13.4%, 22.5%, 22%, and 42%, respectively. By unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival curve estimates, survival by the end of follow-up was 73.3%, 73.5%, 70.1%, and 69.7%, among the D-R-, D-R+, D+R-, and D+R+ groups, respectively. By multivariable Cox regression, the CMV D+R- serogroup, but not other serogroups, was independently associated with increased risks of graft loss (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.22) and mortality (aHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.22). The magnitude of the association of the CMV D+R- serostatus group with mortality was similar when the Cox regression analysis was restricted to the first year after transplant and beyond the first year after transplant: aHR, 1.13 (95% CI, 1.01-1.27) and aHR, 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02-1.25), respectively. Even in an era of CMV preventive strategies, CMV D+R- serogroup status remains independently associated with increased graft loss and mortality in adult LTRs. Factors in addition to direct CMV-associated short-term mortality are likely, and studies to define the underlying mechanism(s) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Vutien
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Investigation Fostering discovEry (C-LIFE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - James Perkins
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Scott W. Biggins
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Investigation Fostering discovEry (C-LIFE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Hannah Imlay
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ajit P. Limaye
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Clinical and Bio-Analytics Transplant Laboratory University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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18
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Garzon-Chavez D, Romero-Alvarez D, Bonifaz M, Gaviria J, Mero D, Gunsha N, Perez A, Garcia M, Espejo H, Espinosa F, Ligña E, Espinel M, Quentin E, Teran E, Mora F, Reyes J. Adapting for the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador, a characterization of hospital strategies and patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251295. [PMID: 33999930 PMCID: PMC8128267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. In Ecuador, the first case of COVID-19 was recorded on 29 February 2020. Despite efforts to control its spread, SARS-CoV-2 overran the Ecuadorian public health system, which became one of the most affected in Latin America on 24 April 2020. The Hospital General del Sur de Quito (HGSQ) had to transition from a general to a specific COVID-19 health center in a short period of time to fulfill the health demand from patients with respiratory afflictions. Here, we summarized the implementations applied in the HGSQ to become a COVID-19 exclusive hospital, including the rearrangement of hospital rooms and a triage strategy based on a severity score calculated through an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted chest computed tomography (CT). Moreover, we present clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data from 75 laboratory tested COVID-19 patients, which represent the first outbreak of Quito city. The majority of patients were male with a median age of 50 years. We found differences in laboratory parameters between intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU cases considering C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and lymphocytes. Sensitivity and specificity of the AI-assisted chest CT were 21.4% and 66.7%, respectively, when considering a score >70%; regardless, this system became a cornerstone of hospital triage due to the lack of RT-PCR testing and timely results. If health workers act as vectors of SARS-CoV-2 at their domiciles, they can seed outbreaks that might put 1,879,047 people at risk of infection within 15 km around the hospital. Despite our limited sample size, the information presented can be used as a local example that might aid future responses in low and middle-income countries facing respiratory transmitted epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garzon-Chavez
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Romero-Alvarez
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- OneHealth Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Bonifaz
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Gaviria
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Mero
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Narcisa Gunsha
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Asiris Perez
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Garcia
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Hugo Espejo
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Franklin Espinosa
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Edison Ligña
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mauricio Espinel
- Direccion de Salud Individual y Familiar, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emmanuelle Quentin
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Mora
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) Quito-Sur, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Vallejo-Timaran DA, Reyes J, Gilbert RO, Lefebvre RC, Palacio-Baena LG, Maldonado-Estrada JG. Incidence, clinical patterns, and risk factors of postpartum uterine diseases in dairy cows from high-altitude tropical herds. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9016-9026. [PMID: 34001365 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cow's uterus sustains bacterial contamination and active inflammation after calving as part of the normal physiological process of uterine involution. Although the definition, incidence, and risk factors for postpartum uterine diseases (PUD) have been documented in annual calving systems with high-producing cows on total mixed ration, the literature contains little information for other production systems. The objective of this study was to quantify the incidence risk and factors associated with metritis, clinical endometritis, and cytological endometritis in high-altitude tropical dairy herds in a pasture-based system. A total of 248 cows from 5 commercial dairy herds in northern Antioquia, Colombia, were enrolled in this prospective observational longitudinal cohort study. Data collection and PUD diagnosis were performed at d 0, 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, 45, and 52 (±1) after parturition. Between 60 and 70 d, cows were systematically enrolled in a synchronization protocol, and herds were visited monthly for pregnancy diagnosis until 180 ±15 d. The multivariable logistic regression model of variables associated with PUD occurrence included (a) parity, season of calving, transition diet, and body condition score at calving; (b) blood calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations, and milk urea nitrogen, β-hydroxybutyrate and fat-to-protein ratio; and (c) dystocia, retained placenta, and delayed uterine involution. The incidences of puerperal metritis, clinical metritis (MET), clinical endometritis (CE), and cytological endometritis (CYTO) were 2.8, 25, 29, and 26%, respectively. Retained placenta and dystocia were associated with MET, and MET was associated with CE. Low blood calcium concentration at calving was associated with CYTO. Overall, 51.2% of the cows suffered at least 1 category of PUD during the first 60 d postpartum (DPP). However, cows also suffered from different consecutive clinical events of PUD (MET, CE, and CYTO) during the follow-up period (0 to 180 ±15 DPP). These events could be grouped into 4 types (which were referred to as "clinical patterns") based on interactions between MET, CE, and CYTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Vallejo-Timaran
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development Group (OHVRI-Group), Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, PO Box 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - J Reyes
- Biogenesis Research Group, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, PO Box 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - R O Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, PO Box 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts, West Indies
| | - R C Lefebvre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, PO Box 6128, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - L G Palacio-Baena
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development Group (OHVRI-Group), Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, PO Box 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J G Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development Group (OHVRI-Group), Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, PO Box 050010, Medellín, Colombia
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20
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Romero-Alvarez D, Garzon-Chavez D, Espinosa F, Ligña E, Teran E, Mora F, Espin E, Albán C, Galarza JM, Reyes J. Cycle Threshold Values in the Context of Multiple RT-PCR Testing for SARS-CoV-2. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1311-1317. [PMID: 33824608 PMCID: PMC8018360 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s282962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Discharge or follow up of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases depend on accurate interpretation of RT-PCR. Currently, positive/negative interpretations are based on amplification instead of quantification of cycle threshold (Ct) values, which could be used as proxies of patient infectiousness. Here, we measured Ct values in hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 patients at different times and its implications in diagnosis and follow up. Patients and Methods Observational study between March 17th-May 12th, 2020 using multiple RT-PCR testing. A cohort of 118 Hispanic hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis in a reference hospital in Quito, Ecuador. Multiple RT-PCR tests were performed using deep nasal swab samples and the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 genes N, RdRP, and E. Results Patients’ median age was of 49 years (range: 24–91) with a male majority (62.7%). We found increasing levels of Ct values in time, with a mean Ct value of 29.13 (n = 61, standard deviation (sd) = 5.55) for the first test and 34.38 (n = 60, sd = 4), 35.52 (n = 20, sd = 2.85), and 36.12 (n = 6, sd = 3.28), for the second, third, and fourth tests, respectively. Time to RT-PCR lack of amplification for all tests was of 34 days while time to RT-PCR Ct values >33 was of 30 days. Conclusion Cycle thresholds can potentially be used to improve diagnosis, management and control. We found that turnover time for negativity can be large for hospitalized patients and that 11% cases persisted with infectious Ct values for more time than the current isolation recommendations. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/KjdapC4SGeE
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Romero-Alvarez
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Daniel Garzon-Chavez
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Franklin Espinosa
- Departamento Microbiología Médica, Hospital IESS Quito Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Edison Ligña
- Departamento Microbiología Médica, Hospital IESS Quito Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Mora
- Departamento Microbiología Médica, Hospital IESS Quito Sur, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emilia Espin
- Hospital IESS Carlos Andrade Marin, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Jorge Reyes
- Departamento Microbiología Médica, Hospital IESS Quito Sur, Quito, Ecuador.,Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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21
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Marita TG, Novella M, Heredia ME, Florido M, Sanchez-Contador C, Iyoa E, Ortega S, Miró E, Artigues G, Gelabert J, Garcia-Cortes P, Lucero J, Rodriguez C, Ruiz A, Roca P, Sastre J, Reyes J. RESULT OF THE FIRST TWO ROUNDS OF THE COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM IN THE BALEARIC ISLANDS (SPAIN). Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 45 Suppl 1:55-57. [PMID: 33545238 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trelles G Marita
- Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Comarcal de Inca. Mallorca, China; Grupo Multidiciplinar de Oncología Translacional (GMOT) Del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Spain
| | - M Novella
- Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Ca'Nmisses, Ibiza, China
| | - M E Heredia
- Servicio de Digestivo.HospitalMateuOrfila, Menorca, China
| | - M Florido
- Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Comarcal de Inca. Mallorca, China
| | - C Sanchez-Contador
- Direccion General de Salut PúblIca I Participació. Conselleria de Salut. Govern de Les IlLes Balears, China
| | - E Iyoa
- Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Comarcal de Inca. Mallorca, China
| | - S Ortega
- Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Comarcal de Inca. Mallorca, China
| | - E Miró
- Direccion General de Salut PúblIca I Participació. Conselleria de Salut. Govern de Les IlLes Balears, China
| | - G Artigues
- Direccion General de Salut PúblIca I Participació. Conselleria de Salut. Govern de Les IlLes Balears, China
| | - J Gelabert
- Servicio de Digestivo.HospitalMateuOrfila, Menorca, China
| | | | - J Lucero
- Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Ca'Nmisses, Ibiza, China
| | - C Rodriguez
- Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Ca'Nmisses, Ibiza, China
| | - A Ruiz
- Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Ca'Nmisses, Ibiza, China
| | - Pilar Roca
- Departamento de Biología Fundamental y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Spain; Grupo Multidiciplinar de Oncología Translacional (GMOT) Del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Spain
| | - Jordi Sastre
- Departamento de Biología Fundamental y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Spain; Grupo Multidiciplinar de Oncología Translacional (GMOT) Del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Spain
| | - J Reyes
- Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Comarcal de Inca. Mallorca, China; Grupo Multidiciplinar de Oncología Translacional (GMOT) Del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Spain
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22
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Blanco-Dominguez I, Duch F, Reyes J, Polo V, Abad JM, Gomez-Barrera M, Olate-Perez Á. Permanent corneal opacification after refractive surgery with a combined technique: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and accelerated cross-linking (PRK Xtra) in healthy patients. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 44:e141-e143. [PMID: 33384166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Blanco-Dominguez
- Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Carrer de Sabino Arana, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - F Duch
- Departament of Refractive Surgery, Institut Català de la Retina, Carrer de Ganduxer, 117, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reyes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel-Servet University Hospital, Paseo-Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - V Polo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel-Servet University Hospital, Paseo-Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M Abad
- Department of Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Gomez-Barrera
- San-Jorge University, Autovía-Mudéjar, km. 299, 50830 Villanueva-de-Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Á Olate-Perez
- Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Carrer de Sabino Arana, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Reyes J, Cárdenas P, Tamayo R, Villavicencio F, Aguilar A, Melano RG, Trueba G. Characterization of blaKPC-2-Harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Mobile Genetic Elements from Outbreaks in a Hospital in Ecuador. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:752-759. [PMID: 33217245 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the mobile genetic elements harboring blaKPC gene in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered during a 6-month outbreak in a high-complexity hospital from Ecuador. Results: A total of 62 isolates belonging to ST258 pilv-I-positive (n = 45), ST25 serotype K2 (n = 8), ST348 (n = 6), ST42 (n = 1), ST196 (n = 1), and ST1758 (n = 1) were collected from intensive care unit (ICU), neurosurgery, burn unit, internal medicine, pneumology, and neurology. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed two major clusters of ST258 and ST25 related to bloodstream infections and pneumonia circulating in ICU. The PCR assay showed that in non-ST258 isolates, the blaKPC-2 gene were located on the Tn4401a transposon inserted in the transferable pKpQIL-like IncFIIK2 plasmid; the whole-genome sequencing of ST258 clone showed two plasmids, the blaKPC-2 gene was located on nonconjugative IncR plasmid, whereas the IncFIB/IncFII plasmid lacked ß-lactamase genes. We found an IncM plasmid in blaKPC-2-harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae ST1758 clone. Conclusions: These findings highlight the presence of pKpQIL-like plasmids in non-ST258 and nonconjugative plasmids in ST258 isolates causing hospital outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paúl Cárdenas
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los antimicrobianos "LIP," Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Villavicencio
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los antimicrobianos "LIP," Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Aguilar
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud (COCSA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Roberto G Melano
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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24
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Fontes D, Reyes J, Ahmed K, Kinzel M. A study of fluid dynamics and human physiology factors driving droplet dispersion from a human sneeze. Phys Fluids (1994) 2020; 32:111904. [PMID: 33244214 PMCID: PMC7682788 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that COVID-19 is an airborne disease, which has driven conservative social distancing and widescale usage of face coverings. Airborne virus transmission occurs through droplets formed during respiratory events (breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing) associated with the airflow through a network of nasal and buccal passages. The airflow interacts with saliva/mucus films where droplets are formed and dispersed, creating a route to transmit SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present a series of numerical simulations to investigate droplet dispersion from a sneeze while varying a series of human physiological factors that can be associated with illness, anatomy, stress condition, and sex of an individual. The model measures the transmission risk utilizing an approximated upper respiratory tract geometry for the following variations: (1) the effect of saliva properties and (2) the effect of geometric features within the buccal/nasal passages. These effects relate to natural human physiological responses to illness, stress, and sex of the host as well as features relating to poor dental health. The results find that the resulting exposure levels are highly dependent on the fluid dynamics that can vary depending on several human factors. For example, a sneeze without flow in the nasal passage (consistent with congestion) yields a 300% rise in the droplet content at 1.83 m (≈6 ft) and an increase over 60% on the spray distance 5 s after the sneeze. Alternatively, when the viscosity of the saliva is increased (consistent with the human response to illness), the number of droplets is both fewer and larger, which leads to an estimated 47% reduction in the transmission risk. These findings yield novel insight into variability in the exposure distance and indicate how physiological factors affect transmissibility rates. Such factors may partly relate to how the immune system of a human has evolved to prevent transmission or be an underlying factor driving superspreading events in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Fontes
- Florida Space Institute, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - J. Reyes
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department,
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816,
USA
| | - K. Ahmed
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department,
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816,
USA
| | - M. Kinzel
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department,
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816,
USA
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25
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Reyes J, Toledo M, Michán C, Siles JA, Alhama J, Martín MA. Biofiltration of butyric acid: Monitoring odor abatement and microbial communities. Environ Res 2020; 190:110057. [PMID: 32805248 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate comparatively the odor removal efficacy of two biofilters operated under different conditions and to identify taxonomically the microbial communities responsible for butyric acid degradation. Both biofiltration systems, which were filled with non-inoculated wood chips and exposed to gas streams containing butyric acid, were evaluated under different operational conditions (gas airflow and temperature) from the physical-chemical, microbiological and olfactometric points of view. The physical-chemical characterization showed the acidification of the packing material and the accumulation of butyric acid during the biofiltration process (<60 days). The removal efficacy was found to be 98-100% during the first 20 days of operation, even at high odor concentration. Changes in the operational temperature increased the odor load factor from 400 to 1400 ouE/m2·s, which led to the reduction of microbiota in the packing material, and a drastic drop of the odor removal efficacy. However, the progressive increase in gas airflow improved the biodegradation efficacy of butyric acid up to 88% with odor loadings as high as 33,000 ouE/m3, while a linear relationship between odor inlet load and removal capacity was also found. The analysis of the microbial community showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum along the biofiltration time (58-92%) and regardless of the operational conditions. Finally, principal component analysis applied to the physical-chemical and microbiological data set revealed significant differences between the two biofilters under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reyes
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra. N-IV, Km 396, Building Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Toledo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra. N-IV, Km 396, Building Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Michán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra. N-IV, Km 396, Building Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra. N-IV, Km 396, Building Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Alhama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra. N-IV, Km 396, Building Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra. N-IV, Km 396, Building Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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26
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Viettri M, Herrera L, Aguilar CM, Morocoima A, Reyes J, Lares M, Lozano-Arias D, García-Alzate R, Chacón T, Feliciangeli MD, Ferrer E. Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. coinfection in mammals of Venezuelan coendemic areas. J Vector Borne Dis 2020; 56:252-262. [PMID: 32655075 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.289394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are protozoans that cause American trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis, respectively. In endemic foci where both diseases coincide, coinfection can occur. The objective of this work was the characterization of the parasites involved in coinfection in several endemic areas of Venezuela. METHODS Molecular characterization was done in 30 samples of several species of mammals (Didelphis marsupialis, Equus mulus, Rattus rattus, Canis familiaris, Felis catus, and Sciurus granatensis) from the states of Anzoategui, Cojedes and Capital District diagnosed with T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. coinfections. For the typing of T. cruzi DTUs, the markers of miniexon, 24Sa rDNA, 18Sa rDNA, and hsp60-PCR-RFLP (EcoRV) were used. Infection by Leishmania spp. was characterized by miniexon multiplex PCR for complexes of Leishmania and ITS1-PCR-RFLP (HaeIII, HhaI, and RsaI) for the identification of the species. RESULTS The T. cruzi TcI was present in 100% of the coinfected mammals, which included 76.7% of triple infection by T. cruzi TcI-complex-L. (L) mexicana-L. infantum/chagasi, 13.3% of double infection by T. cruzi TcI-L. mexicana and 10% of double infection by T. cruzi Tcl-L. infantum/chagasi. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION These results suggest that the double or triple infection is a phenomenon existing in almost all the coendemics areas and mammals studied, which might influence the mechanisms of adaptation and pathogenicity of these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED); Departamento de Clinico Integral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - L Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - C M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET-UC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela
| | - A Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - J Reyes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Maracay, Venezuela
| | - M Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Maracay, Venezuela
| | - D Lozano-Arias
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - R García-Alzate
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - T Chacón
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M D Feliciangeli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED); Centro Nacional de Referencia de Flebótomos, BIOMED, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - E Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED); Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
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27
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Jaime J, Vargas-Bermúdez DS, Yitbarek A, Reyes J, Rodríguez-Lecompte JC. Differential immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D (1,25 (OH) 2 D 3) on the innate immune response in different types of cells infected in vitro with infectious bursal disease virus. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4265-4277. [PMID: 32867971 PMCID: PMC7598002 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that vitamin D (Vit D) included in diets offers a beneficial effect by improving innate immune responses in chickens. However, its mechanisms of action and the effect on immunosuppressive pathogens, such as infectious bursal disease virus, are not yet known. In the present study, we have studied the immunomodulatory effect of Vit D on the innate immune response in 3 cell lines: fibroblast cells (DF-1), macrophages (HD11), and B cells (DT-40) infected with IBDV (intermediate vaccine) at 2 multiplicity of infections (MOI) (1 and 0.1). Genes associated with innate immune responses (TLR-3, TLR-21, MDA-5, MyD88, TRIF, IRF-7, INF-α, INF-β, PKR, OAS, viperin, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12) were evaluated at different time points (3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h after infection, h.p.i). Virus production reached a maximum at 24 h.p.i., which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in DF-1 cells, followed by HD-11 and DT-40 cells. Mainly in HD-11 cells, there was a significant (P < 0.05) effect of Vit D supplementation on receptors TLR-3, TLR-21, and MDA-5 after 12 h.p.i, independent of MOI. DT-40 cells showed the highest antiviral activity, with a significant (P < 0.05) effect on IRF-7, IFN-β, OAS, and PKR gene expression, where expression of IRF-7 and IFN-β correlated positively with Vit D supplementation, while OAS and PKR were independent of Vit D. Proinflammatory cytokines were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated and found to be Vit D and MOI dependent. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the capacity of IBDV to trigger a strong innate immune response in chicken cells and contributes to the understanding of the activation pathways of innate immunity induced by IBDV and further shows the benefitial effect of Vit D supplementation as an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia. Departamento de Salud Animal. Centro de Investigación en Inmunología e Infectología Veterinaria (CI(3)V), Bogotá CP 11001, Colombia
| | - D S Vargas-Bermúdez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia. Departamento de Salud Animal. Centro de Investigación en Inmunología e Infectología Veterinaria (CI(3)V), Bogotá CP 11001, Colombia
| | - A Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - J Reyes
- Grupo de investigacion Biogenesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J C Rodríguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, C1A 4P3.
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28
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Márquez S, Prado-Vivar B, Guadalupe JJ, Gutierrez B, Jibaja M, Tobar M, Mora F, Gaviria J, García M, Espinosa F, Ligña E, Reyes J, Barragán V, Rojas-Silva P, Trueba G, Grunauer M, Cárdenas P. Genome sequencing of the first SARS-CoV-2 reported from patients with COVID-19 in Ecuador. medRxiv 2020:2020.06.11.20128330. [PMID: 32588004 PMCID: PMC7310664 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19 was first described in Wuhan in December 2019 and has now spread globally. Ecuador was the second country in South America to report confirmed cases. The first case reported in Quito, the capital city of Ecuador, was a tourist who came from the Netherlands and presented symptoms on March 10th, 2020 (index case). In this work we used the MinION platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) to sequence the metagenome of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from this case reported, and subsequently we sequenced the whole genome of the index case and other three patients using the ARTIC network protocols. Our data from the metagenomic approach confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 coexisting with pathogenic bacteria suggesting coinfection. Relevant bacteria found in the BAL metagenome were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia spp. Lineage assignment of the four whole genomes revealed three different origins. The variant HEE-01 was imported from the Netherlands and was assigned to B lineage, HGSQ-USFQ-018, belongs to the B.1 lineage showing nine nucleotide differences with the reference strain and grouped with sequences from the United Kingdom, and HGSQ-USFQ-007 and HGSQ-USFQ-010 belong to the B lineage and grouped with sequences from Scotland. All genomes show mutations in their genomes compared to the reference strain, which could be important to understand the virulence, severity and transmissibility of the virus. Our findings also suggest that there were at least three independent introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sully Márquez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología
| | - Belén Prado-Vivar
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Centro de Bioinformática
| | - Juan José Guadalupe
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, COCIBA, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal
| | - Bernardo Gutierrez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, COCIBA, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal
- Departament of Zoology, University of Oxford
| | - Manuel Jibaja
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito
| | - Milton Tobar
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Reyes
- Hospital General Sur de Quito, IESS
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad Ciencias Químicas
| | - Verónica Barragán
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología
| | | | - Gabriel Trueba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología
| | - Michelle Grunauer
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Escuela de Medicina, COCSA
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de los Valles, Quito
| | - Paúl Cárdenas
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Centro de Bioinformática
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29
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Gaxiola C, Reyes J, Glabe C. “Dementia Biomarker Discovery Through Differential Immune Response Analysis”. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Reyes J, Gutiérrez MC, Toledo M, Vera L, Sánchez L, Siles JA, Martín MA. Environmental performance of an industrial biofilter: Relationship between photochemical oxidation and odorous impacts. Environ Res 2020; 183:109168. [PMID: 32004831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological techniques are widely used to treat gaseous streams derived from waste treatment plants. The generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of the principal pollution sources in composting facilities from which nuisance odours are released. In addition, the generation of photochemical smog with other gases such as NOX can produce ozone at ground level due to their photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). In this work, the performance of an industrial biofilter was evaluated from an environmental point of view. Specifically, this study evaluated the potential impact in terms of photochemical oxidation and odour emission derived from composting in a vessel under four different aeration conditions. Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) was used to perform the chemical characterisation of the gaseous streams, while dynamic olfactometry was used to carry out the sensorial analysis. A total of 95 compounds belonging to 12 different families of VOCs were selected. Principal component analysis revealed the influence of each VOC family on each impact category and explained 88% of the total variance. Multivariate regression was used to study the correlation between photochemical oxidation and odour impact, which has never been reported before. The correlations obtained (r ≥ 0.97) evidenced the direct relationship between these two impacts. Photochemical oxidation and odour emission were proven to be important environmental impacts derived from composting facilities, whose abatement might be carried out by biofiltration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reyes
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M C Gutiérrez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Toledo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - L Vera
- Odournet SL, Av. Corts Catalanes, 5-7,·Nave 3, Parc Empresarial Trade Center, 08173, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Sánchez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Reyes J, Wetmore J, Roetker N, Yan H, Herzog C. DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS VERSUS WARFARIN IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY IN MEDICARE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)30922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Loayza-Villa F, Salinas L, Tijet N, Villavicencio F, Tamayo R, Salas S, Rivera R, Villacis J, Satan C, Ushiña L, Muñoz O, Zurita J, Melano R, Reyes J, Trueba GA. Diverse Escherichia coli lineages from domestic animals carrying colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in an Ecuadorian household. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 22:63-67. [PMID: 31841712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to detect potential animal reservoirs of Escherichia coli carrying the mcr-1 gene in an Ecuadorian household. METHODS The mobile colistin-resistance gene, mcr-1, was first detected in Ecuador in a commensal E. coli isolate from a boy. A cross-sectional study was performed to detect the possible source of colistin-resistant E. coli in the boy's household. Faecal swabs and soil faecal samples were collected from companion animals. Samples were plated on selective media to isolate colistin-resistant E. coli and isolates were submitted to PCR detection of mcr-1, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multi-locus sequences typing (MLST). Moreover, the genomes of all the isolates were sequenced. RESULTS Three different colistin-resistant E. coli sequence types (ST3941, 1630 and 2170), corresponding to three PFGE patterns, were obtained from a chicken and two dogs; these isolates were different from the human isolate (ST609). By whole-genome sequencing, the mcr-1.1 gene was found on IncI2 plasmids with very high nucleotide identity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a polyclonal dissemination of mcr-1.1 in the environment surrounding the first MCR-producing E. coli strain reported in Ecuador. Our findings support the idea of lateral dissemination of mcr-1.1 gene between unrelated E. coli isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liseth Salinas
- Universidad San Franscisco de Quito, Av. Diego de Robles y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Fernando Villavicencio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública 'Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez', Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública 'Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez', Quito, Ecuador
| | - Stephanie Salas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública 'Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez', Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ruth Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública 'Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez', Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jose Villacis
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública 'Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez', Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Satan
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública 'Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez', Quito, Ecuador
| | - Liliana Ushiña
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública 'Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez', Quito, Ecuador
| | - Olga Muñoz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública 'Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez', Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jeannette Zurita
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Roberto Melano
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudadela Universitaria - Avenida América, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel A Trueba
- Universidad San Franscisco de Quito, Av. Diego de Robles y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador
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Reyes J, Aguilar AC, Caicedo A. Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Microbiology Key Points for Clinical Practice. Int J Gen Med 2019; 12:437-446. [PMID: 31819594 PMCID: PMC6886555 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s214305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase–producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (Cp-Kpn) represent a challenge for clinical practitioners due to their increasing prevalence in hospital settings and antibiotic resistance. Clinical practitioners are often overwhelmed by the extensive list of publications regarding Cp-Kpn infections, treatment, characteristics, identification, and diagnosis. In this perspective article, we provide key points for clinical practitioners to consider for improved patient management including identification of risk factors and strategies for treatment. Additionally, we also discuss genetic underpinnings of antibiotic resistance, implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), and use of automated systems for detection of Cp-Kpn. Collectively, implementation of such key points would enhance clinical practices through providing practical knowledge to health professionals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 17-09-01, Ecuador.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Cristina Aguilar
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 17-09-01, Ecuador.,Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud (COCSA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 17-09-01, Ecuador.,Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud (COCSA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador.,Sistemas Médicos (SIME), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador
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Castaño Gamboa N, Reyes J, Montenegro A. PSU7 COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF APIXABAN FOR THE PREVENTION OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC EVENTS AFTER HIP OR KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY IN COLOMBIA. Value Health Reg Issues 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.08.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jang C, Hui S, Zeng X, Cowan AJ, Wang L, Chen L, Morscher RJ, Reyes J, Frezza C, Hwang HY, Imai A, Saito Y, Okamoto K, Vaspoli C, Kasprenski L, Zsido GA, Gorman JH, Gorman RC, Rabinowitz JD. Metabolite Exchange between Mammalian Organs Quantified in Pigs. Cell Metab 2019; 30:594-606.e3. [PMID: 31257152 PMCID: PMC6726553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian organs continually exchange metabolites via circulation, but systems-level analysis of this shuttling process is lacking. Here, we compared, in fasted pigs, metabolite concentrations in arterial blood versus draining venous blood from 11 organs. Greater than 90% of metabolites showed arterial-venous differences across at least one organ. Surprisingly, the liver and kidneys released not only glucose but also amino acids, both of which were consumed primarily by the intestine and pancreas. The liver and kidneys exhibited additional unexpected activities: liver preferentially burned unsaturated over more atherogenic saturated fatty acids, whereas the kidneys were unique in burning circulating citrate and net oxidizing lactate to pyruvate, thereby contributing to circulating redox homeostasis. Furthermore, we observed more than 700 other cases of tissue-specific metabolite production or consumption, such as release of nucleotides by the spleen and TCA intermediates by pancreas. These data constitute a high-value resource, providing a quantitative atlas of inter-organ metabolite exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sheng Hui
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alexis J Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Raphael J Morscher
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ho Young Hwang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Akito Imai
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Saito
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keitaro Okamoto
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christine Vaspoli
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Loewe Kasprenski
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gerald A Zsido
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph H Gorman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert C Gorman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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36
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Reyes J, Perkins J, Kling C, Montenovo M. Size mismatch in deceased donor liver transplantation and its impact on graft survival. Clin Transplant 2019; 33:e13662. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington
- Clinical and Bio‐Analytics Transplant Laboratory (CBATL) University of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - James Perkins
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington
- Clinical and Bio‐Analytics Transplant Laboratory (CBATL) University of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Catherine Kling
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington
- Clinical and Bio‐Analytics Transplant Laboratory (CBATL) University of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Martin Montenovo
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington
- Clinical and Bio‐Analytics Transplant Laboratory (CBATL) University of Washington Seattle Washington
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Prado-Vivar MB, Ortiz L, Reyes J, Villacis E, Fornasini M, Baldeon ME, Cardenas PA. Molecular typing of a large nosocomial outbreak of KPC-producing bacteria in the biggest tertiary-care hospital of Quito, Ecuador. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 19:328-332. [PMID: 31116967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections worldwide. Isolates with a K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing phenotype show reduced susceptibility to first-choice antibiotics. Between 2012-2013, the largest public tertiary-care hospital in Quito (Ecuador) reported an outbreak of KPC-producing bacteria with more than 800 cases. We developed a molecular epidemiological approach to analyse the clonality of K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from selected hospital services and patient samples. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed based on microbial isolates and their corresponding records from the hospital and referred to Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI). From 800 isolates that were collected between 2012-2013, a total of 100 isolates were randomly selected for this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Genotypic detection and phylogenetic relationship analysis were performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The blaKPC carbapenemase gene was also amplified by PCR and was sequenced using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Molecular analysis showed that the outbreak had a polyclonal origin with two predominant genotypes, comprising sequence types ST25 and ST258, present in 38 and 36 cases, respectively. These genotypes were found in all studied hospital services including general surgery, intensive care unit and emergency. TheblaKPC-5 gene was the most prevalent blaKPC variant in this study. CONCLUSION These data indicate that KPC-producing polyclonal K. pneumoniae are frequent causes of nosocomial hospital outbreaks in South America. Similar genotypes have been reported in Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, North America and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belen Prado-Vivar
- Instituto de Microbiología, COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador; Centro de Investigación Traslacional (CIT), Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Lizeth Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional (CIT), Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Instituto de Microbiología, COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador; Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Villacis
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Marco Fornasini
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional (CIT), Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador; Center for Biomedical Research (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo College of Health Science, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Manuel E Baldeon
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional (CIT), Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador; Center for Biomedical Research (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo College of Health Science, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Paul A Cardenas
- Instituto de Microbiología, COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador; Centro de Investigación Traslacional (CIT), Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.
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Shaked A, DesMarais MR, Kopetskie H, Feng S, Punch JD, Levitsky J, Reyes J, Klintmalm GB, Demetris AJ, Burrell BE, Priore A, Bridges ND, Sayre PH. Outcomes of immunosuppression minimization and withdrawal early after liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1397-1409. [PMID: 30506630 PMCID: PMC6482056 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Immune Tolerance Network ITN030ST A-WISH assessed immunosuppression withdrawal in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C or nonimmune nonviral liver disease. Of 275 recipients enrolled before transplantation, 95 were randomly assigned 4:1 to withdrawal (n = 77) or maintenance (n = 18) 1- to 2-years posttransplant. Randomization eligibility criteria included stable immunosuppression monotherapy; adequate liver and kidney function; ≤Stage 2 Ishak fibrosis; and absence of rejection on biopsy. Immunosuppression withdrawal followed an 8-step reduction algorithm with ≥8 weeks per level. Fifty-two of 77 subjects (67.5%) reduced to ≤50% of baseline dose, and 10 of 77 (13.0%) discontinued all immunosuppression for ≥1 year. Acute rejection and/or abnormal liver tests were treated with increased immunosuppression; 5 of 32 rejection episodes required a methylprednisolone bolus. The composite end point (death or graft loss; grade 4 secondary malignancy or opportunistic infection; Ishak stage ≥3; or >25% decrease in glomerular filtration rate within 24 months of randomization) occurred in 12 of 66 (18%) and 4 of 13 (31%) subjects in the withdrawal and maintenance groups. Early immunosuppression minimization is feasible in selected liver recipients, while complete withdrawal is successful in only a small proportion. The composite end point comparison was inconclusive for noninferiority of the withdrawal to the maintenance group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandy Feng
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allison Priore
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy D. Bridges
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter H. Sayre
- Immune Tolerance Network, San Francisco, CA, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Perito ER, Mogul DB, VanDerwerken D, Mazariegos G, Bucuvalas J, Book L, Horslen S, Kim HB, Miloh T, Ng V, Reyes J, Rodriguez-Davalos MI, Valentino PL, Gentry S, Hsu E. The Impact of Increased Allocation Priority for Children Awaiting Liver Transplant: A Liver Simulated Allocation Model (LSAM) Analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:472-479. [PMID: 30720563 PMCID: PMC6428603 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of prioritizing infants, children, adolescents, and the sickest adults (Status 1) for deceased donor livers. We compared outcomes under two "SharePeds" allocation schema, which prioritize children and Status 1 adults for national sharing and enhanced access to pediatric donors or all donors younger than 35 years, to outcomes under the allocation plan approved by the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network in December 2017 (Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network [OPTN] 12-2017). METHODS The 2017 Liver Simulated Allocation Model and Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data on all US liver transplant candidates and liver offers 7/2013 to 6/2016 were used to predict waitlist deaths, transplants, and post-transplant deaths under the OPTN 12-2017 and SharePeds schema. RESULTS Prioritizing national sharing of pediatric donor livers with children (SharePeds 1) would decrease waitlist deaths for infants (<2 years, P = 0.0003) and children (2-11 years, P = 0.001), with no significant change for adults (P = 0.13). Prioritizing national sharing of all younger than 35-year-old deceased donor livers with children and Status 1A adults (SharePeds 2) would decrease waitlist deaths for infants, children, and all Status 1A/B patients (P < 0.0001 for each). SharePeds 1 and 2 would increase the number of liver transplants done in infants, children, and adolescents compared to the OPTN-2017 schema (P < 0.00005 for all age groups). Both SharePeds schema would increase the percentage of pediatric livers transplanted into pediatric recipients. CONCLUSIONS Waitlist deaths could be significantly decreased, and liver transplants increased, for children and the sickest adults, by prioritizing children for pediatric livers and with broader national sharing of deceased donor livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Perito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Douglas B. Mogul
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - John Bucuvalas
- Department of Pediatrics, Recanti Miller Transplantation
Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Linda Book
- Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children’s
Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Simon Horslen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA
| | - Heung B. Kim
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA
| | - Tamir Miloh
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX
| | - Vicky Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Canada
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Sommer Gentry
- Department of Mathematics, United States Naval Academy,
Annapolis, MD
| | - Evelyn Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA
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Nishtala SN, Arora A, Reyes J, Akabas MH. Accessibility of substituted cysteines in TM2 and TM10 transmembrane segments in the Plasmodium falciparum equilibrative nucleoside transporter PfENT1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1924-1935. [PMID: 30541922 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Plasmodium species parasites causes malaria. Plasmodium parasites are purine auxotrophic. They import purines via an equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT). In P. falciparum, the most virulent species, the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (PfENT1) represents the primary purine uptake pathway. This transporter is a potential target for the development of antimalarial drugs. In the absence of a high-resolution structure for either PfENT1 or a homologous ENT, we used the substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM) to investigate the membrane-spanning domain structure of PfENT1 to identify potential inhibitor-binding sites. We previously used SCAM to identify water-accessible residues that line the permeation pathway in transmembrane segment 11 (TM11). TM2 and TM10 lie adjacent to TM11 in an ab initio model of a homologous Leishmania donovani nucleoside transporter. To identify TM2 and TM10 residues in PfENT1 that are at least transiently on the water-accessible transporter surface, we assayed the reactivity of single cysteine-substitution mutants with three methanethiosulfonate (MTS) derivatives. Cysteines substituted for 12 of 14 TM2 segment residues reacted with MTS-ethyl-ammonium-biotin (MTSEA-biotin). At eight positions, MTSEA-biotin inhibited transport, and at four positions substrate transport was potentiated. On an α helical wheel projection of TM2, the four positions where potentiation occurred were located in a cluster on one side of the helix. In contrast, although MTSEA-biotin inhibited 9 of 10 TM10 cysteine-substituted mutants, the reactive residues did not form a pattern consistent with either an α helix or β sheet. These results may help identify the binding site(s) of PfENT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avish Arora
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Jorge Reyes
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Myles H Akabas
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, .,Neuroscience, and.,Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Montenovo MI, Bambha K, Reyes J, Dick A, Perkins J, Healey P. Living liver donation improves patient and graft survival in the pediatric population. Pediatr Transplant 2019; 23:e13318. [PMID: 30450729 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of living donor grafts resulted in an increased availability of liver for pediatric recipients, and accordingly, this was associated with a significantly decreased waiting time before liver transplantation as well as reduced pre-transplant mortality. We hypothesized that the use of living donors in pediatric LT may lead to improved graft and patient survival, when compared to LT using deceased donors. METHODS Retrospective cohort analysis of pediatric recipients (aged <18 years) registered in the UNOS database who received a primary liver transplant between February 2002 and December 2016. Covariates predictive of survival by multivariable analyses were included in the Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine predictors of patient and graft survival. RESULTS A total of 6312 children received a primary LT from a LD (n = 800) or a deceased donor (n = 5517; partial graft n = 1784 and whole graft n = 3733). Vascular and biliary complications were similar. Kaplan-Meier graft and patient survival rates were superior in LD recipients compared with recipients of deceased whole and reduced graft (Figures 1 and 2). In the multivariable analysis, LD were an independent predictor of improved patient and graft survival. CONCLUSION The use of LD in children is associated with improved patient and graft survival. The option of LD should be introduced early on in the evaluation of every pediatric patient being evaluated for liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin I Montenovo
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kiran Bambha
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Transplantation, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andre Dick
- Division of Transplantation, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - James Perkins
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Patrick Healey
- Division of Transplantation, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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Bonkowski M, Shawn D, Lu Y, Schultz M, Reyes J, Guarente L, Sinclair D. DIVERGENT REGULATION OF SIRT1 MEDIATES THE ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO CALORIE RESTRICTION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Labs for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School
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Reyes J, Herrera M, Marquina J, Enjoy D, Pinto-Santini L. Ambiente físico y respuestas fisiológicas de ovinos bajo sombra en horas de máxima radiación. ARCH ZOOTEC 2018. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v67i259.3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Con el objeto de describir la relación entre las variables climáticas y las respuestas fisiológicas, 20 ovejas fueron asignadas a: Con Sombra (CS): sombra artificial (12:00 - 14:00 h) en corral con techo de malla sombra (70%); Sin Sombra (SS): sin ofrecimiento de sombra. Se determinó radiación solar (RS; W/m2), temperatura ambiental (°C), humedad relativa (%), temperatura de globo negro (TGN; °C) e índice de temperatura-humedad (ITH; unidades), temperatura superficial (TS; °C; termómetro infrarrojo), temperatura corporal (TC; °C; termómetro digital), frecuencia respiratoria (FR; mov/min; observación directa) y coeficiente de tolerancia al calor (CTC; unidades) (PROC MIXED; SAS).Adicionalmente, los datos fueron analizados por componentes principales (InfoStat/E, 2008).CS presenta una menor TS (35,9) en comparación con SS (38,9; P ≤ 0,01); igual ocurre en TC (P ≤ 0,01). La FR en CS (112,3) fue superior a SS (139,6; P ≤ 0,01). El CTC fue mayor en SS (7,8) vs. CS (5,8; P ≤ 0,01), indicando mejor bienestar térmico en CS. La TS en lomo, cadera y/o costado presenta alta relación con TC. TGN > 42,8 y de RS > 529,1 podrían indicar reducciones del bienestar térmico. Basado en la TC y FR, el punto de quiebre del ITH en ovinos es > 80.
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Metcalf RA, Pagano MB, Hess JR, Reyes J, Perkins JD, Montenovo MI. A data-driven patient blood management strategy in liver transplantation. Vox Sang 2018; 113:421-429. [PMID: 29714029 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blood utilization during liver transplant has decreased, but remains highly variable due to many complex surgical and physiologic factors. Previous models attempted to predict utilization using preoperative variables to stratify cases into two usage groups, usually using entire blood units for measurement. We sought to develop a practical predictive model using specific transfusion volumes (in ml) to develop a data-driven patient blood management strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective evaluation of primary liver transplants at a single institution from 2013 to 2015. Multivariable analysis of preoperative recipient and donor factors was used to develop a model predictive of intraoperative red-blood-cell (pRBC) use. RESULTS Of 256 adult liver transplants, 207 patients had complete transfusion volume data for analysis. The median intraoperative allogeneic pRBC transfusion volume was 1250 ml, and the average was 1563 ± 1543 ml. Preoperative haemoglobin, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, preoperative haemodialysis and preoperative international normalized ratio together yielded the strongest model predicting pRBC usage. When it predicted <1250 ml of pRBCs, all cases with 0 ml transfused were captured and only 8·6% of the time >1250 ml were used. This prediction had a sensitivity of 0·91 and a specificity of 0·89. If predicted usage was >2000 ml, 75% of the time blood loss exceeded 2000 ml. CONCLUSION Patients likely to require low or high pRBC transfusion volumes were identified with excellent accuracy using this predictive model at our institution. This model may help predict bleeding risk for each patient and facilitate optimized blood ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Metcalf
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M B Pagano
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J R Hess
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Reyes
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J D Perkins
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M I Montenovo
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Pagano MB, Metcalf RA, Hess JR, Reyes J, Perkins JD, Montenovo MI. A high plasma: red blood cell transfusion ratio during liver transplantation is associated with decreased blood utilization. Vox Sang 2018; 113:268-274. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Pagano
- Laboratory Medicine; Transfusion Medicine Division; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - R. A. Metcalf
- Pathology, Transfusion Services; University of Utah and ARUP; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - J. R. Hess
- Laboratory Medicine; Transfusion Medicine Division; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - J. Reyes
- Surgery; Transplant Surgery Division; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - J. D. Perkins
- Surgery; Transplant Surgery Division; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - M. I. Montenovo
- Surgery; Transplant Surgery Division; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
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Romero-Alvarez D, Reyes J, Quezada V, Satán C, Cevallos N, Barrera S, Trueba G, Escobar LE, Villacís JE. First case of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae from Ecuador: An update for South America. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 65:119-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Vinayak R, Cruz RJ, Ranganathan S, Mohanka R, Mazariegos G, Soltys K, Bond G, Tadros S, Humar A, Marsh JW, Selby RR, Reyes J, Sun Q, Haberman K, Sindhi R. Pediatric liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer and rare liver malignancies: US multicenter and single-center experience (1981-2015). Liver Transpl 2017; 23:1577-1588. [PMID: 28834194 PMCID: PMC5725660 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A tenth of all pediatric liver transplantations (LTs) are performed for unresectable liver malignancies, especially the more common hepatoblastoma (HBL). Less understood are outcomes after LT for the rare hepatocellular carcinoma, nonhepatoblastoma embryonal tumors (EMBs), and slow growing metastatic neuroendocrine tumors of childhood. Pediatric LT is increasingly performed for rare unresectable liver malignancies other than HBL. We performed a retrospective review of outcomes after LT for malignancy in the multicenter US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR; n = 677; 1987-2015). We then reviewed the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP; n = 74; 1981-2014) experience focusing on LT for unresectable hepatocellular cancer (HCC), EMBs, and metastatic liver tumors (METS). HBL was included to provide reference statistics. In the SRTR database, LT for HCC and HBL increased over time (P < 0.001). Compared with other malignancies, the 149 HCC cases received fewer segmental grafts (P < 0.001) and also experienced 10-year patient survival similar to 15,710 adult HCC LT recipients (51.6% versus 49.6%; P = 0.848, not significant [NS], log-rank test). For 22 of 149 cases with incidental HCC, 10-year patient survival was higher than 127 primary HCC cases (85% [95% confidence interval (CI), 70.6%-100%] versus 48.3% [95% CI, 38%-61%]; P = 0.168, NS) and similar to 3392 biliary atresia cases (89.9%; 95% CI, 88.7%-91%). Actuarial 10-year patient survival for 17 EMBs, 10 METS, and 6 leiomyosarcoma patients exceeded 60%. These survival outcomes were similar to those seen for HBL. At CHP, posttransplant recurrence-free and overall survival among 25 HCC, 17 (68%) of whom had preexisting liver disease, was 16/25 or 64%, and 9/25 or 36%, respectively. All 10 patients with incidental HCC and tumor-node-metastasis stage I and II HCC survived recurrence-free. Only vascular invasion predicted poor survival in multivariate analysis (P < 0.0001). A total of 4 of 5 EMB patients (80%) and all patients with METS (neuroendocrine-2, pseudopapillary pancreatic-1) also survived recurrence-free. Among children, LT can be curative for unresectable HCC confined to the liver and without vascular invasion, incidental HCC, embryonal tumors, and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Liver Transplantation 23 1577-1588 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Vinayak
- Department of Surgery, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | - Ruy J. Cruz
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterMontefiore, PittsburghPA
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Children's Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA
| | - Ravi Mohanka
- Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Global HospitalsMumbaiIndia
| | - George Mazariegos
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Children's Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA
| | - Kyle Soltys
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Children's Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA
| | - Geoff Bond
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Children's Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA
| | - Sameh Tadros
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Children's Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA
| | - Abhinav Humar
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterMontefiore, PittsburghPA
| | - J. Wallis Marsh
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterMontefiore, PittsburghPA
| | - Robert R. Selby
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Kidney, Liver, Intestinal Care ServicesUniversity of Washington Medical CenterSeattleWA
| | - Qing Sun
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Children's Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA
| | - Kimberly Haberman
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterMontefiore, PittsburghPA
| | - Rakesh Sindhi
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Children's Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA
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Reyes J, Chaffer M, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Sánchez J, Zadoks RN, Robinson N, Cardona X, Ramírez N, Keefe GP. Short communication: Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus agalactiae differs between countries. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9294-9297. [PMID: 28918144 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus or Streptococcus agalactiae continue to be challenging for milk quality programs in countries with emerging dairy industries, such as Colombia, where high prevalence has been reported. Molecular typing of isolates is needed to understand the variability and epidemiology of this pathogen and to develop effective control and eradication programs. We characterized the molecular profile of Strep. agalactiae isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis in 21 Colombian dairy herds and measured diversity within and between herds using multilocus sequence typing. Isolates belonged to sequence type 248 [clonal complex (CC) 103; n = 30), ST1 (CC1; n = 6) or ST22 (CC22; n = 4)], whereas members of CC67/61, the dominant type in North America, were not detected. Presence of multiple clonally unrelated sequence type within a herd was common, which contrasts with the situation in European countries and suggests introduction from multiple sources. Our results demonstrate that conclusions from molecular epidemiological studies in 1 region cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other regions, and no single bovine-adapted CC of Strep. agalactiae exists in Colombia. Improvements in internal and external biosecurity will be needed to reduce Strep. agalactiae prevalence in Colombian dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reyes
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3; Biogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, C.P. 050010 Medellin, Colombia.
| | - M Chaffer
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Javier Sánchez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Scotland, UK, EH26 0PZ; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK, G61 1QH
| | - Natasha Robinson
- Maritime Quality Milk Laboratory, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | | | - N Ramírez
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Centauro Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, C.P. 050010 Medellín, Colombia
| | - G P Keefe
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
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Wang A, McMahan L, Rutstein S, Stauber C, Reyes J, Sobsey MD. Household Microbial Water Quality Testing in a Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey: Evaluation of the Compartment Bag Test for Escherichia coli. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:970-975. [PMID: 28500818 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe Joint Monitoring Program relies on household surveys to classify access to improved water sources instead of measuring microbiological quality. The aim of this research was to pilot a novel test for Escherichia coli quantification of household drinking water in the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Peru. In the Compartment Bag Test (CBT), a 100-mL water sample is supplemented with chromogenic medium to support the growth of E. coli, poured into a bag with compartments, and incubated. A color change indicates E. coli growth, and the concentration of E. coli/100 mL is estimated as a most probable number. Triplicate water samples from 704 households were collected; one sample was analyzed in the field using the CBT, another replicate sample using the CBT was analyzed by reference laboratories, and one sample using membrane filtration (MF) was analyzed by reference laboratories. There were no statistically significant differences in E. coli concentrations between the field and laboratory CBT results, or when compared with MF results. These results suggest that the CBT for E. coli is an effective method to quantify fecal bacteria in household drinking water. The CBT can be incorporated into DHS and other national household surveys as a direct measure of drinking water safety based on microbial quality to better document access to safe drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lanakila McMahan
- U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Jorge Reyes
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, Lima, Peru
| | - Mark D Sobsey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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