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Rakholiya B, Shah P, Patel Y, Patel G, Patel S, Patel A. A Review on Analytical Methods for Tigecycline Estimation From Its Bulk and Dosage Form. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1689-1695. [PMID: 37676830 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tigecycline (TIG) is a third-generation glycylcycline derivative used as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent for the past few years. Its intricate structure makes it more vulnerable toward degradation under the influence of various environmental factors and leads to the generation of impurities. Due to its stability issues, TIG is available as a lyophilized powder for injection. The analysis of TIG becomes a cumbersome task for analysts due to its instability in solution form. As TIG works as a life-saving drug, it is important to review its analytical methods for its quality control. OBJECTIVE The present review discusses various analytical methodologies for determining TIG from its bulk, lyophilized powder, pharmacopoeial methods and factors responsible for its instability. METHODS The present review represents the analysis of data reported in the literature from 1999-2022 for the analysis of TIG. RESULTS Numerous alternative analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetric methods, RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared), and electrophoresis has been reported for quantification, identification, and characterization of TIG. CONCLUSIONS Several analytical techniques are available to be used as a quality control tool for tigecycline, including HPLC without derivatization, whereas the fluorescence technique requires derivatization using acidic dye. A few methods require tedious pre-sample preparation techniques, become time-consuming, and involve using one or more organic solvents; there is a need to develop eco-friendlier methods for analyzing tigecycline. HIGHLIGHTS Various analytical methods such as spectrometric, fluorimetric and chromatographic methods have been discussed for estimation of TIG from its bulk and different dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansi Rakholiya
- Charotar University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Petlad, Anand, Gujarat 388 421, India
| | - Priyangi Shah
- Charotar University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Petlad, Anand, Gujarat 388 421, India
| | - Yash Patel
- Charotar University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Petlad, Anand, Gujarat 388 421, India
| | - Gayatri Patel
- Charotar University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Petlad, Anand, Gujarat 388 421, India
| | - Samir Patel
- Charotar University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Petlad, Anand, Gujarat 388 421, India
| | - Archita Patel
- Charotar University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Petlad, Anand, Gujarat 388 421, India
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Concurrent Determination of Tigecycline, Tetracyclines and Their 4-Epimer Derivatives in Chicken Muscle Isolated from a Reversed-Phase Chromatography System Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196139. [PMID: 36234676 PMCID: PMC9571846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A quantitative and qualitative method using a high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) detection approach was developed and validated for the analysis of tigecycline, four tetracyclines and their three 4-epimer derivatives in chicken muscle. Samples were extracted repeatedly with 0.1 mol/L Na2EDTA–McIlvaine buffer solution. After vortexing, centrifugation, solid-phase extraction, evaporation and reconstitution, the aliquots were separated using a C8 reversed-phase column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 µm) with a binary solvent system consisting of methanol and 0.01 mol/L trichloroacetic acid aqueous solution. The typical validation parameters were evaluated in accordance with the acceptance criteria detailed in the guidelines of the EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bioanalytical Method Validation 05/24/18. The matrix-matched calibration curve was linear over the concentration range from the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 400 μg/kg for doxycycline, and the calibration graphs for tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, their 4-epimer derivatives and tigecycline showed a good linear relationship within the concentration range from the LOQ to 200 μg/kg. The limits of detection (LODs) for the eight targets were in the range of 0.06 to 0.09 μg/kg, and the recoveries from the fortified blank samples were in the range of 89% to 98%. The within-run precision and between-run precision, which were expressed as the relative standard deviations, were less than 5.0% and 6.9%, respectively. The applicability was successfully demonstrated through the determination of residues in 72 commercial chicken samples purchased from different sources. This approach provides a novel option for the detection of residues in animal-derived food safety monitoring.
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Samie M, Khan AF, Hardy JG, Yameen MA. Electrospun Antibacterial Composites for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200219. [PMID: 35851562 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of biomaterials capable of the controlled release of antibacterials during articular cartilage repair may prevent postoperative infections. Herein, biomaterials are prepared with biomimetic architectures (nonwoven mats of fibers) via electrospinning that are composed of poly(ɛ-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), and Bombyx mori silk fibroin (with varying ratios) and, optionally, an antibiotic drug (cefixime trihydrate). The composition, morphology, and mechanical properties of the nanofibrous mats are characterized using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile testing. The nonwoven mats have nanoscale fibers (typical diameters of 324-725 nm) and are capable of controlling the release profiles of the drug, with antibacterial activity against Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria (two common strains of human pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) under in vitro static conditions. The drug loaded nanofiber mats display cytocompatibility comparable to pure poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanofibers when cultured with National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell line and have long-term potential for clinical applications in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Samie
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore campus Lahore 54000 Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad campus Abbottabad Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22060 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
- Materials Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khyber Medical University Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25100 Pakistan
| | - Ather Farooq Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore campus Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - John George Hardy
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
- Materials Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
| | - Muhammad Arfat Yameen
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad campus Abbottabad Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22060 Pakistan
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Lorrane Alves da Silva T, Ferreira RGL, Lustosa IA, Kogawa AC. An Overview of Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Marbofloxacin in Pharmaceutical, Biological and Food Matrices. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:456-462. [PMID: 34718603 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marbofloxacin (MAR), a second-generation fluoroquinolone, is used in veterinary medicine in the form of tablets. It has a broad spectrum of action, low toxicity, and limited development of bacterial resistance. The analytical methods available in the literature become more important since MAR in tablets does not have a monograph in official compendiums. OBJECTIVE Thus, the purpose of this review is to display them according to the analyzed matrix and place them according to the conditions used in the scope of green analytical chemistry, in addition to discussing possible gaps and opportunities for the development of new methods. RESULTS MAR, being an antimicrobial, presents both physical-chemical (93%) and microbiological (7%) methods in the literature. Among the methods found, 53% are for analysis of food matrices using preferably HPLC and TLC-MS. 27% are for analysis of biological matrices and 20% are for analysis of pharmaceutical matrices, and in both HPLC is preferably used. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, there is still a gap in the literature in relation to other options of analytical methods for the analysis of MAR, which are faster, such as microbiological turbidimetry, sustainable, such as miniaturized methods, and ecologically correct, such as those that do not usetoxic organic solvents. HIGHLIGHTS A review of the status of analytical methods available in the literature for assessing the quality of MAR and MAR-based products were exhibited and discussed, as well as new opportunities for analysis according to green analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isadora Alves Lustosa
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Correa CBM, Kogawa AC, Chorilli M, Salgado HRN. Miniaturized Microbiological Method to Determine the Potency of Rifaximin in Tablets. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1049-1054. [PMID: 33512492 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rifaximin, a semi-synthetic antimicrobial, does not present microbiological method described in official compendia, and there is a lack of literature on this topic. The quality control of antimicrobials is extremely important to evaluate the real potency of pharmaceutical products. OBJECTIVE A miniaturized turbidimetric method for determining the potency of rifaximin in tablets was developed and validated by turbidimetry, according to the international guidelines. METHOD Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 IAL 2393, brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, inoculum at 8%, rifaximin in purified water with 20% ethanol at 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL and 530 nm were used. RESULTS The method was considered selective for rifaximin, as the adjuvants did not show activity; linear with correlation coefficients 0.9998 for standard and 0.9999 for sample; accurate with 99.73% recovery; precise with RSD less than 3%; and robust in the face of small variations in (i) rifaximin volume, (ii) proportion of ethanol, (iii) inoculum volume. CONCLUSIONS The method is considered adequate and safe to evaluate the potency of rifaximin in tablets, contemplating speed, low cost, low waste generation, and ease of operation. HIGHLIGHTS This work usescurrent, sustainable, and green analytical chemistry and can be used in the routine analyses of rifaximin by laboratories and the pharmaceutical industry around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bersi Motta Correa
- São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Kogawa AC, Peltonen L, Salgado HRN, Chorilli M. Short-Stability Study of Rifaximin-Based Samples. J AOAC Int 2021; 103:743-746. [PMID: 33241364 DOI: 10.1093/jaocint/qsz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rifaximin is an oral antimicrobial with a daily dose ranging from 600 to 800 mg. It is classified as Class IV in the Biopharmaceutic Classification System. Thus, rifaximin-based samples were developed by complexation to β-cyclodextrin using a phase solubility diagram, and malaxation and decreasing particle size using wet milling. OBJECTIVE Concomitant to the pharmaceutical technology, a stability studywas undertaken with the objective of verifying the integrity of the drug. METHODS The stability of the new samples were studied for 6 months, without interruption, under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity in a climatic chamber. They were analyzed simultaneously by HPLC and microbiological turbidimetry at zero, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS Two of the samples follow second reaction order and one follows zero reaction order. Microbiological analysis proved to be important in assessing the potency of rifaximin in one of the samples, and its results were more consistent than the results by HPLC. CONCLUSIONS The rifaximin-based samples were stable under controlled temperature and humidity conditions and the physical-chemical and microbiological methods were able to evaluate their behavior during the 6-month study. HIGHLIGHTS It is worth considering the development of these products, since the design process of formulation and pharmaceutical technology is financially more attractive than the development of new drugs that require high levels of investment in research and development, innovation of public policies, and regulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Department of Pharmaceutics, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.,University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Viikinkaari 5 E, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Viikinkaari 5 E, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Department of Pharmaceutics, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Department of Pharmaceutics, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
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Richardi JF, Kogawa AC, Belavenuto EGT, Chorilli M, Salgado HRN. An Ecological and Miniaturized Biological Method for the Analysis of Daptomycin Potency. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:466-471. [PMID: 34020456 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicochemical and microbiological methods are found in the literature for the analysis of daptomycin, an antimicrobial. OBJECTIVE This paper brings a miniaturized turbidimetric microbiological method for analysis of daptomycin in lyophilized powder. METHODS The method was performed using 96-well microplates, 4-h incubation, 2, 4 and 8 μg/mL, 7% Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 IAL 2082, and BHI broth. RESULTS Linearity was proven by obtaining analytical curves with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99 and statistical evaluation by ANOVA. The method was also selective, since the standard and sample analytical curves were parallel, proving that the excipient does not interfere with daptomycin analysis. Intraday, interday and inter-analyst precision presented RSDs of 2, 2.27, and 1.08%, respectively. Accuracy was assessed by the recovery test, where known quantities of standard solution are added to the sample and an average recovery value of 100.73% (RSD = 0.71%) was obtained. The present method was robust when minor changes were made in the parameters of used antimicrobial volume, inoculum volume and incubation time. CONCLUSIONS This work is an innovative and ecological proposal and has advantages such as (i) less waste generation, (ii) miniaturized quantities of sample, culture media and inoculum, (iii) no need to use formaldehyde as in the traditional turbidimetric method, (iv) lower volume of glassware used and (v) shorter incubation time compared to other methods as agar diffusion requiring approximately 24 h. HIGHLIGHTS This work is focuses on a current, innovative and sustainable theme for pharmaceutical analysis around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Freitas Richardi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Eliane Gandolpho Tótoli Belavenuto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
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da Trindade MT, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Turbidimetric Method: A Multi-Advantageous Option for Assessing the Potency of Ceftriaxone Sodium in Powder for Injection. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:204-210. [PMID: 33221857 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceftriaxone sodium, an antimicrobial used in parenteral form, does not have a microbiological method by turbidimetry described in the literature. For drugs from antimicrobial class, the existence of a microbiological method for assessing their potency is essential. Not only are the results from the physical-chemical methods enough, but microbiological analyzes are also necessary. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Thus, this paper reports the development and validation of an efficient, accurate, reproducible, fast, and low-cost microbiological assay by turbidimetry to quantify ceftriaxone sodium in powder for injection. Water was used as the diluent to prepare the ceftriaxone solutions. BHI broth as used as culture media for the growth of the S. aureus ATCC 6538 at 9%. RESULTS The method was linear in the range of 100-196 µg/mL, selective against the sample adjuvants and the forced degradation test, precise (intraday RSD 4.53%, interday RSD 3.85% and between analysts tcalculated 0.14 < 2.23 tcritical), accurate with recovery of 100.33% and robust against minor changes in the volume of culture medium used, wavelength, incubation time, and inoculum concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND HIGHLIGHTS The turbidimetric method developed in this paper is a convenient and valuable alternative to the routine quality control of ceftriaxone sodium in powder for injection, since it allows a reliable quantification and can be used to complement the physical-chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Teixeira da Trindade
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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Nascimento PAD, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Cephalothin: Review of Characteristics, Properties and Status of Analytical Methods. J AOAC Int 2020; 104:1593-1608. [PMID: 33252646 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cephalothin (CET), a first generation cephalosporin, is the most efficient cephalosporin against resistant microorganisms. Many studies found in literature and pharmacopeias proposes analytical methods and, as most commonly, HPLC and microbiological assays. OBJECTIVE This paper shows a brief review of analytical method to quantify CET with a green analytical chemistry approach. METHODS The research data were collected from the literature and official compendia. RESULTS Most of the analytical methods to determine CET were performed by HPLC and agar diffusion in pharmaceuticals, blood, urine or water. Other analytical methods were found, as UV, Vis, iodometry, fluorimetry, IR/Raman, electrochemical among others, but, in less quantity. One important aspect is that these methods use organic and toxic solvents like methanol and acetonitrile, and only about 4% of the methods found uses water as solvent. CONCLUSIONS In this way, researches about analytical methods focused on green analytical chemistry for CET are of great importance and very relevant to optimize its analysis in pharmaceutical industries and to guarantee the quality of the product. More than just the development of new techniques it is possible to enhance of the ones that already exists applying the green analytical chemistry principles. In this way, it will be possible to reduce the environment impacts caused by these analytical procedures. HIGHLIGHTS This work shows a brief review of literature and pharmacopeias of analytical methods to quantify CET. Its quality control can be updated to meet the needs of current analytical chemistry and to fit into sustainable and eco-friendly analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Aleixa do Nascimento
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Faculdade de Farmácia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nascimento PAD, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Turbidimetric Method: A New, Ecological, and Fast Way to Evaluate of Vancomycin Potency. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1582-1587. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vancomycin, an antimicrobial, has many microbiological methods in literature, but it was not found any that follows the green chemistry principles.
Objective
The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new microbiological analytical method with a green view to determine the vancomycin potency in lyophilized powder using less quantity of diluents and culture medium, minimizing the costs and reducing the time of analysis.
Methods
The objective will be achieved using the microbiological method by turbidimetry.
Results
Water was used as the diluent to prepare the vancomycin solution. BHI broth as used as culture media for the growth of the S. aureus ATCC 25923. The method was linear in the range of 30, 39 and 50.7 µg/mL. It was selective, with vancomycin reference and sample absorbance values very similar. The precision of the method was proved at intraday (RSD 4.42 %), interday (RSD 3.56 %) and intermediate levels (RSD 2.03%). It was accurate with mean recovery of 100.71 % and robust when changes were performed in three parameters of the method and analyzed by the F-Test and t-Test.
Conclusions
The method for evaluating the potency of vancomycin in pharmaceutical product was successfully developed and validated.
Highlights
The method can be applied to routine quality control of vancomycin product as an alternative that contemplates the green analytical chemistry and the current pharmaceutical analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Aleixa do Nascimento
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins YA, dos Santos Sousa R, de Oliveira CLCG. Development and Validation of a Microbiological Agar Assay for Determination of Thiamphenicol in Soft Capsules. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190328213828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Thiamphenicol belongs to the amphenicol class of antibiotic and possesses a
broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. An alternative microbiological assay for quantification of thiamphenicol
in pharmaceutical formulations has not yet been reported in the literature.
Objective:
This study aimed to develop and validate an agar diffusion method for quantification of thiamphenicol
in soft capsules.
Methods:
The assay was based on the inhibitory effect of thiamphenicol on the following: a strain of
Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341, used as the test microorganism, Antibiotic 1culture medium, phosphate
buffer pH 6, 0, inoculum at a concentration of 1%, as well as standard and sample solutions at the concentrations
of 20.0, 40.0 and 80.0 μg mL-1.
Results:
The method validation yielded good results for the parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy,
robustness and selectivity. The experimental statistic results were analyzed using analysis of variance
(ANOVA). The method was found to be linear (r2 = 0.9992) in the range of 20-80 μg mL-1, precise
(inter-assay R.S.D = 0.09%), accurate (R.S.D. = 4.65%), specific, and robust.
Conclusion:
The results demonstrated the validity of the proposed bioassay, which allows for reliable
quantification of thiamphenicol in a pharmaceutical sample. An alternative methodology for thiamphenicol
determination in routine quality control has been reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Araújo Martins
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo dos Santos Sousa
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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Do Nascimento PA, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Current Status of Vancomycin Analytical Methods. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:755-769. [PMID: 33241378 DOI: 10.1093/jaocint/qsz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of antimicrobial drugs that are an important alternative for cases of bacterial infections resistant to penicillins, besides being able to be used to treat infections in people allergic to pencilin. They have great activity against Gram-positive microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis. OBJECTIVE There are many analytical methods in the literature for determination of antimicrobial glycopeptide vancomycin in different matrixes that are very effective; however, all of them use toxic solvents, contributing to the generation of waste, causing damage to the environment and to the operator, as well as increased costs of analysis. RESULTS The most prevailing method found was high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by microbiological assays and, in less quantity, spectrometric methods. The chromatographic methods use organic solvents that are toxic, such as acetonitrile and methanol, and buffer solutions, that can damage the equipment and the column. In the microbiological assays the disc diffusion methods are still in the majority. The spectrophotometric methods were based in the UV-Vis region using buffer solutions as a diluent. CONCLUSIONS All these methods can become greener, following green analytical chemistry principles, which could bring benefits both to the environment and the operator, and reduce costs. HIGHLIGHTS In this paper, a literature review regarding analytical methods for determination of vancomycin was carried out with a suggestion of greener alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Aleixa Do Nascimento
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil.,Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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Novel Immune Microlens Imaging for Detection of Antigen and Antibody. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:5474519. [PMID: 31143781 PMCID: PMC6501428 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5474519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and analysis of antigen-antibody reaction is one of the most critical detection techniques in the fields of medicine, biology, environmental science, and food safety. Traditional and classical methods for detecting antigen and antibody encounter many problems, such as time-consuming, high cost, and low accuracy. A novel immune microsphere imaging technique by the microlens is used to test the changes of refractive index before and after antigen-antibody reaction. It can quickly perform qualitative and quantitative determination for antigen-antibody reaction without any labeling, premodification, postwashing, and expensive enzymes. Here, we feature and discuss its principle and advantages, structure of a microlens immunoassay instrument, and potential in measuring clinical samples. It is promising to be developed for application to diagnosis of clinical diseases.
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de Marco BA, Rechelo BS, Tótoli EG, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Evolution of green chemistry and its multidimensional impacts: A review. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1-8. [PMID: 30627046 PMCID: PMC6323129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing process of industrialization was a milestone for world economic evolution. Since the 1940s, social movements have revolutionized green chemistry and provided shifts in industrial positions and sustainable processes with advances in environmental impact and awareness of companies and population. Paul Anastas and John Warner, in the 1990s, postulated the 12 principles of Green Chemistry, which are based on the minimization or non-use of toxic solvents in chemical processes and analyzes, as well as, the non-generation of residues from these processes. One of the most active areas of Research and Development in Green Chemistry is the development of analytical methodologies, giving rise to the so-called Green Analytical Chemistry. The impacts of green chemistry on pharmaceutical analyzes, environmental, population, analyst and company are described in this review and they are multidimensional. Every choice and analytical attitude has consequences both in the final product and in everything that surrounds it. The future of green chemistry as well as our future and the environment is also contemplated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Rugani KDS, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Review for Analytical Methods for the Determination of Sodium Cephalothin. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:187-194. [PMID: 30518240 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1506697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Infections are the second leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, therefore it is highly important to study the antimicrobial agents such as cephalosporins. Cephalothin, an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of cephalosporins, has bactericidal activity and it is widely used in the Brazilian health system. In literature, some analytical methods are found for the identification and quantification of this drug, which are essential for its quality control, which ensures maintaining the product characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and patient's safety. The aim of this article is to review the available information on analytical methods for cephalothin. Thus, this study presents a literature review on cephalothin and the analytical methods developed for the analysis of this drug in official and scientific papers. It is essential to note that most of the developed methods used toxic and hazardous solvents, which makes necessary industries and researchers choose to develop environmental-friendly techniques, which will contribute to the harmonization of science, human, and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen de Souza Rugani
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
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Francisco FL, Saviano AM, Almeida TDSB, Lourenço FR. Kinetic microplate bioassays for relative potency of antibiotics improved by partial Least Square (PLS) regression. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 124:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Curbete MM, Salgado HRN. A Critical Review of the Properties of Fusidic Acid and Analytical Methods for Its Determination. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 46:352-60. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1084225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Tótoli EG, Salgado HRN. Rapid Turbidimetric Assay to Determine the Potency of Daptomycin in Lyophilized Powder. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:106-21. [PMID: 26184288 PMCID: PMC4588188 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin is an important antimicrobial for clinical practice, mainly because it remains very active against Gram-positive resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Development of microbiological methods for the analysis of antimicrobials is highly recommended, since they can provide important information about their biological activities, which physicochemical methods are not able to provide. Considering that there are no studies in the literature describing microbiological methods for the analysis of daptomycin, the aim of this work was to validate a microbiological method for the quantitation of daptomycin by the turbidimetric assay. Staphylococcus aureus was used as the test microorganism, and the brain heart infusion broth was used as the culture medium. The validation of the method was performed according to the ICH guidelines, and it was shown to be linear, precise, robust, accurate and selective, over a concentration range of 8.0 to 18.0 µg mL-1. Student's t-test showed the interchangeability of the proposed method with a previously-validated HPLC method. The developed turbidimetric method described in this paper is a convenient alternative for the routine quality control of daptomycin in its pharmaceutical dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Gandolpho Tótoli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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