1
|
Abkar L, Moghaddam HS, Fowler SJ. Microbial ecology of drinking water from source to tap. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168077. [PMID: 37914126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
As drinking water travels from its source, through various treatment processes, hundreds to thousands of kilometres of distribution network pipes, to the taps in private homes and public buildings, it is exposed to numerous environmental changes, as well as other microbes living in both water and on surfaces. This review aims to identify the key locations and factors that are associated with changes in the drinking water microbiome throughout conventional urban drinking water systems from the source to the tap water. Over the past 15 years, improvements in cultivation-independent methods have enabled studies that allow us to answer such questions. As a result, we are beginning to move towards predicting the impacts of disturbances and interventions resulting ultimately in management of drinking water systems and microbial communities rather than mere observation. Many challenges still exist to achieve effective management, particularly within the premise plumbing environment, which exhibits diverse and inconsistent conditions that may lead to alterations in the microbiota, potentially presenting public health risks. Finally, we recommend the establishment of global collaborative projects on the drinking water microbiome that will enhance our current knowledge and lead to tools for operators and researchers alike to improve global access to high-quality drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leili Abkar
- Civil Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | - S Jane Fowler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rahman AU, Ali A, Ahmad F, Ahmad S, Alharbi M, Alasmari AF, Fayyaz A, Rana QUA, Khan S, Hasan F, Badshah M, Shah AA. Unraveling the Radioprotective Mechanisms of UV-Resistant Bacillus subtilis ASM-1 Extracted Compounds through Molecular Docking. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1139. [PMID: 37631055 PMCID: PMC10459916 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistant microorganisms possess inimitable capabilities enabling them to thrive under extreme radiation. However, the existence of radiosensitive microorganisms inhabiting such an inhospitable environment is still a mystery. The current study examines the potential of radioresistant microorganisms to protect radiosensitive microorganisms in harsh environments. Bacillus subtilis strain ASM-1 was isolated from the Thal desert in Pakistan and evaluated for antioxidative and radioprotective potential after being exposed to UV radiation. The strain exhibited 54.91% survivability under UVB radiation (5.424 × 103 J/m2 for 8 min) and 50.94% to mitomycin-C (4 µg/mL). Extracellular fractions collected from ASM-1 extracts showed significant antioxidant potential, and chemical profiling revealed a pool of bioactive compounds, including pyrrolopyrazines, amides, alcoholics, and phenolics. The E-2 fraction showed the maximum antioxidant potential via DPPH assay (75%), and H2O2 scavenging assay (68%). A combination of ASM-1 supernatant with E-2 fraction (50 µL in a ratio of 2:1) provided substantial protection to radiosensitive cell types, Bacillus altitudinis ASM-9 (MT722073) and E. coli (ATCC 10536), under UVB radiation. Docking studies reveal that the compound supported by literature against the target proteins have strong binding affinities which further inferred its medical uses in health care treatment. This is followed by molecular dynamic simulations where it was observed among trajectories that there were no significant changes in major secondary structure elements, despite the presence of naturally flexible loops. This behavior can be interpreted as a strategy to enhance intermolecular conformational stability as the simulation progresses. Thus, our study concludes that Bacillus subtilis ASM-1 protects radiosensitive strains from radiation-induced injuries via biofilm formation and secretion of antioxidative and radioprotective compounds in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (F.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Aftab Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (F.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Faisal Ahmad
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Amna Fayyaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Qurrat ul ain Rana
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (F.H.); (M.B.)
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory, Berkley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (F.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Fariha Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (F.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Malik Badshah
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (F.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (F.H.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Levinskaitė L, Vaičekauskytė V. Control of fungi isolated from cereals: variations in the susceptibility of fungal species to essential oils, ozone and
UV‐C. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktorija Vaičekauskytė
- Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences University Studentų St 39 Vilnius Lithuania
- Vytautas Magnus University Educational Academy T. Ševčenkos St 31 Vilnius Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Retention and Inactivation of Quality Indicator Bacteria Using a Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective disinfection treatment processes is crucial to help the water industry cope with the inevitable challenges resulting from the increase in human population and climate change. Climate change leads to heavy rainfall, flooding and hot weather events that are associated with waterborne diseases. Developing effective treatment technologies will improve our resilience to cope with these events and our capacity to safeguard public health. A submerged hybrid reactor was used to test the efficiency of membrane filtration, direct photolysis (using ultraviolet-C low-pressure mercury lamps, as well as ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-A light-emitting diodes panels) and the combination of both treatment processes (membrane filtration and photolysis) to retain and inactivate water quality indicator bacteria. The developed photocatalytic membranes effectively retained the target microorganisms that were then successfully inactivated by photolysis and advanced oxidation processes. The new hybrid reactor could be a promising approach to treat drinking water, recreational water and wastewater produced by different industries in small-scale systems. Furthermore, the results obtained with membranes coated with titanium dioxide and copper combined with ultraviolet-A light sources show that the process may be a promising approach to guarantee water disinfection using natural sunlight.
Collapse
|
5
|
García Carrillo M, Ferrario M, Schenk M, Guerrero S. Effect of an UV-C Light-Based Hurdle Strategy for Carrot-Orange Juice Processing on Candida parapsilosis Inactivation and Physiological State: Impact on Juice Sensory and Physicochemical Quality Parameters. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Kulkarni A, Kapley A, Dhodapkar RS, Nagababu P, Rayalu S. Plasmonics driven engineered pasteurizers for solar water disinfection (SWADIS). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 369:474-482. [PMID: 30798162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rampant environmental pollution is the most ubiquitous concern of current world. A sustainable panacea to overarching contamination of water-borne pathogens demands cheap and eco-friendly oriented research. Solar energy is effortlessly accessible in most of the weather conditions and can be used for water decontamination. In this context, Solar Water Disinfection (SWADIS) appears to be feasible solution. Herein we are reporting newly developed Carbon nanoparticles (CNP) which shows absorption of light in broad region extending from Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) to Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). This CNP with pronounced photothermal effect has been used for SWADIS. Photothermal effect of plasmonic nanomaterials has massive potential and has exploited for disinfection of water. Moving towards practical device design we have developed an efficient CNP based Multipurpose Solar Pasteurizer (MSP) and Nano-Solar Pasteurizer (NSP) which can efficiently perform the SWADIS. Result shows that upon irradiation under natural solar radiation pasteurizers can thermally inactivate the bacteria. The system proves to be able to perform 100% bacterial inactivation in sunny days. We also conducted bacterial inactivation experiments by simulating 106 CFU mL-1 concentration of E. coli in water to mimic field conditions. Results are evident that pasteurizers achieved 100% bacterial inactivation within period of ˜45 min under sunlight.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rubio-Clemente A, Chica E, Peñuela G. Total coliform inactivation in natural water by UV/H 2O 2, UV/US, and UV/US/H 2O 2 systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4462-4473. [PMID: 30324379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pathogens in drinking water can seriously affect human health. Therefore, water disinfection is needed, but conventional processes, such as chlorination, result in the production of dangerous disinfection by-products. In this regard, an alternative solution to tackle the problem of bacterial pollution may be the application of advanced oxidation processes. In this work, the inactivation of total coliforms, naturally present in a Colombian surface water by means of UV/H2O2, UV/US, and the UV/US/H2O2 advanced oxidation processes, was investigated. Under the investigated conditions, complete bacterial inactivation (detection limit equal to 1 CFU 100 mL-1) was found within 5 min of treatment by UV/H2O2 and UV/US/H2O2 systems. UV/US oxidation process also resulted in total bacterial load elimination, but after 15 min of treatment. Bacterial reactivation after 24 h and 48 h in the dark was measured and no subsequent regrowth was observed. This phenomenon could be attributed to the high oxidation capacity of the evaluated oxidation systems. However, the process resulting in the highest oxidation potential at the lowest operating cost, in terms of energy consumption, was UV/H2O2 system. Therefore, UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation system can be used for disinfection purposes, enabling drinking water production meeting the requirements of regulated parameters in terms of water quality, without incurring extremely high energy costs. Nonetheless, further researches are required for minimizing the associated electric costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Avenida de los Jerónimos, s/n., Murcia, Spain.
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70, No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Tecnológico de Antioquia-Institución Universitaria TdeA, Calle 78b No. 72A-220, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Edwin Chica
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70, No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Peñuela
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70, No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|