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Xu M, Godana EA, Li J, Deng Y, Ma Y, Ya H, Zhang H. Infection of postharvest pear by Penicillium expansum is facilitated by the glycoside hydrolase (eglB) gene. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110465. [PMID: 37980812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The primary reason for postharvest loss is blue mold disease which is mainly caused by Penicillium expansum. Strategies for disease control greatly depend on the understanding of mechanisms of pathogen-fruit interaction. A member of the glycoside hydrolase family, β-glucosidase 1b (eglB), in P. expansum was significantly upregulated during postharvest pear infection. Glycoside hydrolases are a large group of enzymes that can degrade plant cell wall polymers. High homology was found between the glycoside hydrolase superfamily in P. expansum. Functional characterization and analysis of eglB were performed via gene knockout and complementation analysis. Although eglB deletion had no notable effect on P. expansum colony shape or microscopic morphology, it did reduce the production of fungal hyphae, thereby reducing P. expansum's sporulation and patulin (PAT) accumulation. Moreover, the deletion of eglB (ΔeglB) reduced P. expansum pathogenicity in pears. The growth, conidia production, PAT accumulation, and pathogenicity abilities of ΔeglB were restored to that of wild-type P. expansum by complementation of eglB (ΔeglB-C). These findings indicate that eglB contributes to P. expansum's development and pathogenicity. This research is a contribution to the identification of key effectors of fungal pathogenicity for use as targets in fruit safety strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiu Xu
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Esa Abiso Godana
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Li
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Deng
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Ma
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Sun J, Yang R, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Jia J, Huang H, Xiao S, Xue C. An efficient targeted gene deletion approach for Cochliobolus heterostrophus using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 216:106863. [PMID: 38036223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cochliobolus heterostrophus is a plant pathogenic fungus of southern corn leaf blight, which has been regarded as a model necrotrophic plant pathogen. Many methods have been developed to knock out targeted genes in C. heterostrophus, of which the most widely-used one is protoplast-mediated transformation. However, there are several problems of this method associated with protoplast preparation, DNA product, time consumption, or high cost. In this study, a highly efficient target gene deletion approach in C. heterostrophus was established and optimized, based on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT); the transformation efficiency of this approach was 85-88 transformants per 105 conidia, and the homologous recombination efficiency was approximately 68.3%. Furthermore, six gene knockout mutants of C. heterostrophus were obtained using this ATMT method. The phenotypes of this fungus altered in the mutant strains, and the virulence of the mutants significantly reduced compared to of the wild type strain. Taken together, this ATMT system established in this study can be used as a genetic manipulation tool for C. heterostrophus, to better understand the functions of genes and its relation to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zengran Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hongming Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shuqin Xiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Chunsheng Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, PR China.
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Yoon J, Kim Y, Kim S, Jeong H, Park J, Jeong MH, Park S, Jo M, An S, Park J, Jang SH, Goh J, Park SY. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of the Aquatic Fungus Phialemonium inflatum FBCC-F1546. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1158. [PMID: 38132759 PMCID: PMC10744869 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phialemonium inflatum is a useful fungus known for its ability to mineralise lignin during primary metabolism and decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, no functional genetic analysis techniques have been developed yet for this fungus, specifically in terms of transformation. In this study, we applied an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) system to P. inflatum for a functional gene analysis. We generated 3689 transformants using the binary vector pSK1044, which carried either the hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene or the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene to label the transformants. A Southern blot analysis showed that the probability of a single copy of T-DNA insertion was approximately 50% when the co-cultivation of fungal spores and Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells was performed at 24-36 h, whereas at 48 h, it was approximately 35.5%. Therefore, when performing gene knockout using the ATMT system, the co-cultivation time was reduced to ≤36 h. The resulting transformants were mitotically stable, and a PCR analysis confirmed the genes' integration into the transformant genome. Additionally, hph and eGFP gene expressions were confirmed via PCR amplification and fluorescence microscopy. This optimised transformation system will enable functional gene analyses to study genes of interest in P. inflatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghan Yoon
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Youngjun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejun Jeong
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hye Jeong
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Fungi Research Team, Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Donam 2-gil 137, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea;
| | - Miju Jo
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin An
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Hwa Jang
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Jaeduk Goh
- Fungi Research Team, Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Donam 2-gil 137, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.); (J.P.); (M.-H.J.); (M.J.); (S.A.); (J.P.); (S.-H.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Wu M, Igarashi Y, Luo F, Chang P. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 214:106842. [PMID: 37827437 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Dichomitus squalens is an efficient white-rot fungus that generates a wide range of extracellular enzymes to degrade lignocellulose in nature. Although a protoplast-mediated transformation method for D. squalens has been developed, the transformation efficiency remains low. Here, we established a highly efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) procedure for D. squalens by transferring a binary vector harboring the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) resistance gene fused with DsRed-Express2, under the control of the native glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter. Key factors affecting the efficiency of transformation were tested. A. tumefaciens EHA105 strain with a cell density of 0.4 OD600nm and 96 h co-cultivation resulted in the highest transformation efficiency, with an average of 98 ± 11 transformants per co-cultivation plate. Besides, the strong expression of DsRed-Express2 indicates the effectiveness of the DsGPD promoter in driving gene expression in D. squalens. This ATMT system of D. squalens would be beneficial for its molecular genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bioresource, Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bioresource, Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yasuo Igarashi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bioresource, Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bioresource, Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peng Chang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bioresource, Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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