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Ahmed HA, Elsohaby I, Elamin AM, El-Ghafar AEA, Elsaid GA, Elbarbary M, Mohsen RA, El Feky TM, El Bayomi RM. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli from retail meat and workers: genetic diversity, virulotyping, pathotyping and the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:212. [PMID: 37550643 PMCID: PMC10405496 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli from food animals and the environment to humans has become a significant public health concern. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence, pathotypes, virulotypes, genotypes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of ESBL-producing E. coli in retail meat samples and workers in retail meat shops in Egypt and to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-H2O2) against multidrug resistant (MDR) ESBL-producing E. coli. RESULTS A total of 250 retail meat samples and 100 human worker samples (hand swabs and stool) were examined for the presence of ESBL- producing E. coli. Duck meat and workers' hand swabs were the highest proportion of ESBL- producing E. coli isolates (81.1%), followed by camel meat (61.5%). Pathotyping revealed that the isolates belonged to groups A and B1. Virulotyping showed that the most prevalent virulence gene was Shiga toxin 2 (stx2) associated gene (36.9%), while none of the isolates harbored stx1 gene. Genotyping of the identified isolates from human and meat sources by REP-PCR showed 100% similarity within the same cluster between human and meat isolates. All isolates were classified as MDR with an average multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.7. AgNPs-H2O2 at concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 μg/mL showed complete bacterial growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Virulent MDR ESBL-producing E. coli were identified in retail meat products in Egypt, posing significant public health threats. Regular monitoring of ESBL-producing E. coli frequency and antimicrobial resistance profile in retail meat products is crucial to enhance their safety. AgNPs-H2O2 is a promising alternative for treating MDR ESBL-producing E. coli infections and reducing antimicrobial resistance risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice (OHRP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Amina M Elamin
- Department of Food Hygiene, Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Abeer E Abd El-Ghafar
- Department of Bacteriology, Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Gamilat A Elsaid
- Department of Food Hygiene, Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Mervat Elbarbary
- Department of Food Hygiene, Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Mohsen
- Department of Bacteriology, Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Tamer M El Feky
- Department of Bacteriology, Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El Bayomi
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
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Economou V, Delis G, Stavrou D, Gousia P, Tsitsos A, Mantzios T, Chouliara E, Kolovos N, Soultos N. Characterization of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Carcasses in Catering Services in Northern Greece. Vet Sci 2023; 10:487. [PMID: 37624274 PMCID: PMC10459896 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is considered a topic of utmost interest under the concept of "One Health", having severe implications in both human and veterinary medicine. Among the antibiotic-resistant bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, especially those belonging to the order of Enterobacterales (such as Escherichia coli), hold a prominent position in terms of both virulence and possessing/disseminating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) traits. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli isolates in raw poultry carcasses collected from a university club. Five hundred raw poultry skin samples were collected from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh) club in Thessaloniki, Greece. A total of 64% of the samples were positive for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. The isolates were further examined for their susceptibility to selected antibiotics by the disc diffusion method and were characterized as true ESBL, as producing class C cephalosporinases (AmpC) or "of unknown etiology" by the combination disc test. The 86 of the 120 isolates (71.67%) were classified as true ESBL, 24 (20.00%) as AmpC, and 10 (8.33%) as "of unknown etiology". The isolates were screened for the occurrence of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaOXA). Thirty-six isolates (32 ESBL- and 4 AmpC-phenotype) harbored both blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes, twenty-two isolates (among which 19 ESBL-phenotype and 2 AmpC-phenotype) harbored blaCTX-M only, whereas twenty-six (14 ESBL- and 12 AmpC-phenotype) isolates harbored blaTEM alone. No isolate harboring blaSHV or blaOXA was detected. The results demonstrate the existence of E. coli isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases in poultry carcasses from Greece, pausing a risk for antibiotic resistance transfer to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Economou
- Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (N.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Georgios Delis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Stavrou
- Hellenic Army Biological Research Center, 152 36 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiota Gousia
- Research Laboratories of Thessaloniki, Department of Food Testing, Hellenic Food Authority, 570 01 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Anestis Tsitsos
- Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (N.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Tilemachos Mantzios
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eirini Chouliara
- Laboratory of Technology of Food of Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Kolovos
- Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (N.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Soultos
- Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (N.K.); (N.S.)
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Flint A, Cooper A, Rao M, Weedmark K, Carrillo C, Tamber S. Targeted metagenomics using bait-capture to detect antibiotic resistance genes in retail meat and seafood. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1188872. [PMID: 37520363 PMCID: PMC10373929 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics analysis of foods has the potential to provide comprehensive data on the presence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in the microbiome of foods. However, AMR genes are generally present in low abundance compared to other bacterial genes in the food microbiome and consequently require multiple rounds of in-depth sequencing for detection. Here, a metagenomics approach, using bait-capture probes targeting antimicrobial resistance and plasmid genes, is used to characterize the resistome and plasmidome of retail beef, chicken, oyster, shrimp, and veal enrichment cultures (n = 15). Compared to total shotgun metagenomics, bait-capture required approximately 40-fold fewer sequence reads to detect twice the number of AMR gene classes, AMR gene families, and plasmid genes across all sample types. For the detection of critically important extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes the bait capture method had a higher overall positivity rate (44%) compared to shotgun metagenomics (26%), and a culture-based method (29%). Overall, the results support the use of bait-capture for the identification of low abundance genes such as AMR genes from food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Flint
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Cooper
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Rao
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly Weedmark
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Carrillo
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sandeep Tamber
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Woo J, Guk JH, Yi S, Lee J, Song H, Kim WH, Cho S. Effect of biofilm formation by antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria in cold storage on survival in dairy processing lines. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 386:110019. [PMID: 36436412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria in dairy products can transfer antimicrobial resistance to gut microbiota in humans and can adversely impact the product quality. In this study, we aimed to investigate their distribution in dairy processing lines and evaluate biofilm formation and heat tolerance under dairy processing line-like conditions. Additionally, we compared the relative expression of general and heat stress-related genes as well as spoilage-related gene between biofilm and planktonic cells under consecutive stresses, similar to those in dairy processing lines. Most species of gram-negative bacteria isolated from five different dairy processing plants were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. Biofilm formation by the bacteria at 5 °C increased with the increase in exposure time. Moreover, cells in biofilms remained viable under heat treatment, whereas all planktonic cells of the selected strains died. The expression of heat-shock-related genes significantly increased with heat treatment in the biofilms but mostly decreased in the planktonic cells. Thus, biofilm formation under raw milk storage conditions may improve the tolerance of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria to pasteurization, thereby increasing their persistence in dairy processing lines and products. Furthermore, the difference in response to heat stress between biofilm and planktonic cells may be attributed to the differential expression of heat stress-related genes. Therefore, this study contributes to the understanding of how gram-negative bacteria persist under consecutive stresses in dairy processing procedures and the potential mechanism underlying heat tolerance in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHa Woo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Guk
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Saehah Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Junbum Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyokeun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Presence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase, Virulence Genes and Resistance Determinants in Biofilm Forming Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Food Sources: A Potent Risk to the Consumers. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases and infection caused by associated pathogens is a public health concern. Majority of the investigations focus on common foodborne pathogens like Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. Limited knowledge has been accounted on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Presence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in the food supply is disturbing. Hence, this study assessed the presence of K. pneumoniae isolates from food samples (fresh vegetables and chicken), ascertained the presence of drug-resistant phenotypes, extended spectrum beta lactamase production, antibiotic resistance determinants, genes associated with virulence and their ability to form biofilm. Resistance towards ceftazidime and tetracycline was noted among all the isolates in the study, while they exhibited sensitivity to chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole. All the isolates were potent ESBL producers carrying at least one ESBL encoding genes. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance gene was detected in one isolate each from onion and chicken respectively. The isolates marked the absence of tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance genes. Multiple virulence genes (ureA, khe, fimH, mrkD, wabG, uge and elt) were possessed by each of the isolates. K. pneumoniae from chicken and cucumber were moderate biofilm formers and those from tomato exhibited weak biofilm formation. Increased expression of the mrkA gene and reduction in the expression of the biofilm forming gene fimH gene was observed among the biofilm formers. One of the moderate and non-biofilm formers exhibited increased mrkD gene expression. The results from our study stipulate, that raw vegetables and meat serve as dormant source of drug-resistant and virulent K. pneumoniae.
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Vurayai M, Strysko J, Kgomanyane K, Bayani O, Mokomane M, Machiya T, Arscott-Mills T, Goldfarb DM, Steenhoff AP, McGann C, Nakstad B, Gezmu A, Richard-Greenblatt M, Coffin S. Characterizing the bioburden of ESBL-producing organisms in a neonatal unit using chromogenic culture media: a feasible and efficient environmental sampling method. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:14. [PMID: 35074019 PMCID: PMC8785036 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-01042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms (ESBL) have emerged as the leading cause of sepsis among hospitalized neonates in Botswana and much of sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Yet, ESBL reservoirs and transmission dynamics within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment are not well-understood. This study aimed to assess the efficiency and feasibility of a chromogenic-culture-media-based environmental sampling approach to characterize the ESBL bioburden within a NICU. METHODS A series of four point-prevalence surveys were conducted at a 36-bed NICU at a public tertiary referral hospital in Botswana from January-June 2021. Samples were collected on 4 occasions under semi-sterile technique using 1) flocked swabs & templates (flat surfaces); 2) sterile syringe & tubing (water aspiration); and 3) structured swabbing techniques (hands & equipment). Swabs were transported in physiological saline-containing tubes, vortexed, and 10 µL was inoculated onto chromogenic-agar that was selective and differential for ESBL (CHROMagar™ ESBL, Paris, France), and streaking plates to isolate individual colonies. Bacterial colonies were quantified and phenotypically characterized using biochemical identification tests. RESULTS In total, 567 samples were collected, 248 (44%) of which grew ESBL. Dense and consistent ESBL contamination was detected in and around sinks and certain high-touch surfaces, while transient contamination was demonstrated on medical equipment, caregivers/healthcare worker hands, insects, and feeding stations (including formula powder). Results were available within 24-72 h of collection. To collect, plate, and analyse 50 samples, we estimated a total expenditure of $269.40 USD for materials and 13.5 cumulative work hours among all personnel. CONCLUSIONS Using basic environmental sampling and laboratory techniques aided by chromogenic culture media, we identified ESBL reservoirs (sinks) and plausible transmission vehicles (medical equipment, infant formula, hands of caregivers/healthcare workers, & insects) in this NICU environment. This strategy was a simple and cost-efficient method to assess ESBL bioburden and may be feasible for use in other settings to support ongoing infection control assessments and outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Vurayai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Jonathan Strysko
- Department of Paediatric & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Global Health Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - One Bayani
- Department of Paediatric & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Margaret Mokomane
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Tonya Arscott-Mills
- Department of Paediatric & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Global Health Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - David M Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew P Steenhoff
- Department of Paediatric & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Global Health Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Carolyn McGann
- Global Health Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Britt Nakstad
- Department of Paediatric & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alemayehu Gezmu
- Department of Paediatric & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Susan Coffin
- Global Health Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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