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Ghumman ASM, Shamsuddin R, Nasef MM, Yahya WZN, Abbasi A, Almohamadi H. Sulfur enriched slow-release coated urea produced from inverse vulcanized copolymer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157417. [PMID: 35850358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Slow-release fertilizers are developed to enhance the nutrient use efficiency (NUE), by coating urea with less water soluble or hydrophobic material. Diverse range of materials have been utilized to coat urea, however, their inherit non-biodegradability, hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and high synthesis cost limits their scalability. Herein, we reported the preparation of a novel slow-release sulfur enriched urea fertilizers using sustainable hydrophobic, biodegradable, crosslinked copolymer made from sulfur and rubber seed oil (Poly(S-RSO)) through the use of dip coating method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the fertilizers morphology and estimate the coating film thickness. A nitrogen release test was carried out in distilled water, which revealed that the coated fertilizers with a coating thickness of 165 μm, 254 μm and 264 μm released only 65 % of its total nutrient content after 2, 19 and 43 days of incubation, respectively: hence, showing an excellent slow-release property. In soil, fertilizer with 264 μm coating thickness released only 17 % nitrogen after 20 days of incubation, in line with the European standard (EN 13266, 2001). The release kinetic data best fits the Ritger-Peppas model with a R2 value of 0.99 and the n value of 0.65 indicated the release was mainly due to diffusion. Submerged cultivation (SmC) demonstrated the potential of poly(S-RSO) to enhance sulfur oxidation; it was observed that the copolymer oxidation was 50 % greater than that of elemental sulfur. A comparison between the newly developed fertilizers and existing coated fertilizers was also presented. On the whole, the results demonstrated outstanding slow-release characteristics and improved sulfur oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shaan Manzoor Ghumman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; HICoE, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Rashid Shamsuddin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; HICoE, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Hamad Almohamadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Maharana R, Dhal NK. Solubilization of rock phosphate by phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from effluent treatment plant sludge of a fertilizer plant. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:605-615. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Favaro CP, Klaic R, Bettiol W, Ribeiro C, Farinas CS. Bio-based composite granules with simultaneous biocontrol and phosphorus fertilization roles: outcomes from a lab-scale in-vitro assessment. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3242. [PMID: 35134271 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The use of phosphate rocks as low-solubility phosphorus fertilizers has been promoted to reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture, but adequate nutrient uptake by plants depends on solubilization of the rock, driven by soil microorganisms. Here, investigation was made of the microbial solubilization of low-solubility phosphate rocks, together with simultaneous bioprotective action involving the biocontrol of microorganisms. The aim was to enhance function and value by delivering two effects using a single bio-based product, in accordance with the concept of a "bioreactor-in-a-granule" system. A composite structure was developed, based on a starch matrix, comprising a combination of Trichoderma asperelloides, as a biocontrol agent, and Aspergillus niger, as an acidulant. A significant increase of up to 150% in P solubilization was achieved, indicating the positive effect of the microorganism-composite interaction. In vitro assays showed that the ability of T. asperelloides to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum mycelial growth was maintained in the presence of A. niger. Moreover, the estimated cost of the composite granule (0.35 US$/kg of product on a dry basis) revealed competitive. The results indicated that the association of T. asperelloides and A. niger is an effective way to increase nutrient availability and to inhibit plant pathogens, opening up possibilities for the design of multifunctional bio-based fertilizer composites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Favaro
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - R Klaic
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - W Bettiol
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rod. SP 340, km 127, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - C Ribeiro
- Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Farinas
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Lodi LA, Klaic R, Bortoletto-Santos R, Ribeiro C, Farinas CS. Unveiling the Solubilization of Potassium Mineral Rocks in Organic Acids for Application as K-Fertilizer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2431-2447. [PMID: 35113352 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids produced by soil microorganisms can be useful to promote the release of potassium (K) from potassium mineral rocks (KR), but the complexity of low reactivity minerals limits K solubilization and their use as fertilizer. Here, we investigate the ways that different organic acids (gluconic, oxalic, and citric) can affect the solubilization of potassium minerals, in order to propose process strategies to improve their solubility. For this, evaluations were performed using the model minerals KRpolyhalite (sedimentary mineral), KRfeldspar (igneous mineral), and KCl (commercial fertilizer). For KCl and KRpolyhalite, complete solubilization was achieved using all the organic acids, while for KRfeldspar, the highest K+ solubilization (34.86 mg L-1) was achieved with oxalic acid. The solubility of KRfeldspar was further investigated under submerged cultivation with the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger, as well as after a mechanochemical grinding treatment. The biotechnological route resulted in solubilized K up to 63.2 mg L-1. The mechanochemical route, on the other hand, increased the release of K by about 8.6 times (993 mg L-1) compared to the natural mineral, due to the greater fragmentation of the particles after the treatment (with a surface area about 2.5 times higher than for the in natura KRfeldspar). These findings demonstrated the potential of applying biotechnological and mechanochemical routes with organic acids to improve the solubilization of K present in low reactivity mineral rocks, indicating the possible use of these minerals in more sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludimila A Lodi
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Klaic
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bortoletto-Santos
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, SP, 14800-060, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caue Ribeiro
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Farinas
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia Para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua 15 de Novembro, 1452, Centro, SP, 13561-206, São Carlos, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Argotte-Ibarra L, Barreiro-Quino OF, Ríos-Reyes CA, Henao-Martínez JA, Castro-Salazar HT. Analysis of the solubility of phosphate rock from Aipe (Colombia) via formation of 2Na-EDTA complex. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131786. [PMID: 34411927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate rock (PR) is the main source of phosphorous used in fertilizers for Colombian soils. In many regions of Colombia, PR is applied directly to the soil, which affects eutrophication problems and phosphorus losses due to runoff, because to the low solubility of phosphorus in this georesource. In this article, phosphate rock samples from Colombia were treated with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (2Na-EDTA) at different concentrations. PR obtained from the Media Luna Mine, located in Aipe, Huila (Colombia), was characterized using Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Carbonate fluorapatite Ca9.74(PO4)5.45F2.05(CO3)0.53 (0.5%-61.5 %), hydroxyapatite - Ca5(PO4)3OH (26.6 %-84.0 %) and quartz- SiO2 (13.2 %) were the minerals found in the largest composition in the two samples of PR. The PR was crushed to powder (~125 μm) and it was treated with disodium EDTA dihydrate solutions at different concentrations [0.0025-0.1000 M]. Water-soluble phosphate was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry based on the ASTM -4500P method. The modified absolute solubility index (ASI*) was calculated for each EDTA treatment used in the phosphate rock, considering the total phosphorus solubilized in H2SO4 (40 % v/v) at 30 °C. The statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the treatments used, where (16.87 %) was presented highest ASI* for the treatment with 2Na-EDTA (0.353 M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Argotte-Ibarra
- Grupo de Aplicaciones e Investigaciones Ambientales (GAIA), Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Corporación Universitaria del Huila, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Oscar F Barreiro-Quino
- Grupo de Aplicaciones e Investigaciones Ambientales (GAIA), Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Corporación Universitaria del Huila, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Ríos-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Geología Básica y Aplicada, GIGBA, Escuela de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - José A Henao-Martínez
- Grupo de investigaciones en Cristalografía, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia
| | - Hans Th Castro-Salazar
- Grupo de Aplicaciones e Investigaciones Ambientales (GAIA), Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Corporación Universitaria del Huila, Neiva, Colombia
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Elhaissoufi W, Ghoulam C, Barakat A, Zeroual Y, Bargaz A. Phosphate bacterial solubilization: A key rhizosphere driving force enabling higher P use efficiency and crop productivity. J Adv Res 2021; 38:13-28. [PMID: 35572398 PMCID: PMC9091742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate bacteria bio-solubilization significantly increase crop P acquisition and productivity. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria increase RP agronomic efficiency as well as P fertilizers efficiency. This process can be optimized through a rational bacterial screening to assure efficient PSB are selected. Appropriate formulation of PSB is a sustainable approach to enhance P-fertilizers efficiency. Development of innovative PSB-Phosphate formulations is likely to sustain crop production.
Background Increasing crop production to feed a growing population has driven the use of mineral fertilizers to ensure nutrients availability and fertility of agricultural soils. After nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is the second most important nutrient for plant growth and productivity. However, P availability in most agricultural soils is often limited because P strongly binds to soil particles and divalent cations forming insoluble P-complexes. Therefore, there is a constant need to sustainably improve soil P availability. This may include, among other strategies, the application of microbial resources specialized in P cycling, such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). This P-mediating bacterial component can improve soil biological fertility and crop production, and should be integrated in well-established formulations to enhance availability and efficiency in use of P. This is of importance to P fertilization, including both organic and mineral P such as rock phosphate (RP) aiming to improve its agronomic efficiency within an integrated crop nutrition system where agronomic profitability of P and PSB can synergistically occur. Aim of Review The purpose of this review is to discuss critically the important contribution of PSB to crop P nutrition in concert with P fertilizers, with a specific focus on RP. We also highlight the need for PSB bioformulations being a sustainable approach to enhance P fertilizer use efficiency and crop production. Key Scientific Concepts of Review We first recognize the important contribution of PSB to sustain crop production, which requires a rational approach for both screening and evaluation of PSB enabling an accurate assessment of the bacterial effects both alone and in intertwined interaction with plant roots. Furthermore, we propose new research ideas about the development of microbial bioformulations based on PSB with a particular focus on strains exhibiting synergetic effects with RP.
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Synergy of Aspergillus niger and Components in Biofertilizer Composites Increases the Availability of Nutrients to Plants. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1529-1542. [PMID: 33675402 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Intensive fertilization has been required to provide nutrients for plant growth under the current agricultural practices being applied to meet the global food demands. Micronutrients such as zinc, manganese, and copper are required in small quantities when compared to macronutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), but they are essential for the plant growth cycle and consequently for increasing productivity. Mineral oxides such as ZnO, MnO, and CuO are used in agriculture as micronutrient sources, but their low solubility limits practical applications in plant nutrition. Similarly, elemental sulfur (S0) can provide a high-concentration source of sulfate, but its availability is limited by the ability of the soil to promote S0 oxidation. We propose here the integration of these nutrients in a composite based on a biodegradable starch matrix containing mineral oxides and S0 in a dispersion that allowed encapsulation of the acidifying agent Aspergillus niger, a native soil fungus. This strategy effectively improved the final nutrient solubility, with the composite starch/S0/oxidemixture multi-nutrient fertilizer showing remarkable results for solubilization of the oxides, hence confirming a synergic effect of S0 oxidation and microbial solubilization. This composite exhibited an extended shelf life and soil-plant experiments with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) confirmed high efficiencies for dry matter production, nutrient uptake, and recovery. These findings can contribute to the development of environmentally friendly fertilizers towards a more sustainable agriculture and could open up new applications for formulations containing poorly soluble oxide sources.
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do Valle SF, Giroto AS, Reis HPG, Guimarães GGF, Ribeiro C. Synergy of Phosphate-Controlled Release and Sulfur Oxidation in Novel Polysulfide Composites for Sustainable Fertilization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2392-2402. [PMID: 33600152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of smart and eco-friendly fertilizers is pivotal to guarantee food security sustainably. Phosphate rock and struvite are promising alternatives for P fertilization; nevertheless, the solubility of these sources is a challenge for consistent use efficiency. Here, we propose using a polysulfide obtained via inverse vulcanization as a novel controlled-release fertilizer matrix in a system containing either Bayóvar rock (Bay) or struvite (Str). The polysulfide provides S for plants after being biologically oxidized to sulfate in soil, generating local acidity for P solubilization. After 15 days of soil incubation, the composites with 75 wt % Str and 75 wt % Bay achieved, respectively, 3 and 2 times the S oxidation from the elemental sulfur reference. Results indicated that P content stimulates the soil microorganisms' activity for S oxidation. The matrix had a physical role in improving Bay dissolution and regulating the rapid release from Str. Moreover, the available P in soil was 25-30 mg/dm3 for Bay composites, while for pure Bay, it was 9 mg/dm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Fortuna do Valle
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Highway, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Soares Giroto
- Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gelton G F Guimarães
- Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina, 6800 Highway, Antônio Heil, 88318-112 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Caue Ribeiro
- Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Todero I, Confortin TC, Soares JF, Brun T, Luft L, Rabuske JE, Kuhn RC, Tres MV, Zabot GL, Mazutti MA. Concentration of metabolites from Phoma sp. using microfiltration membrane for increasing bioherbicidal activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2364-2372. [PMID: 29441820 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1441330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the concentration of fermented broth from Phoma sp. to increase its herbicidal activity. For this purpose, biomolecules produced by submerged fermentation using Phoma sp. were concentrated by hollow fiber microfiltration membranes. The membrane feed was separated into two streams (retentate and permeate) and the crude broth was concentrated to 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% (relative to the initial volume). The retentate samples were submitted to bioassays (triplicate) for evaluating their phytotoxic effects on five young leaves of species of Cucumis sativus and also on pre-emergence of weeds as Bidens pilosa and Amaranthus retroflexus. The highest herbicidal activity was 80.7% obtained for a concentration of 30% in the retentate fraction. At this condition, the bioherbicide presented severe damage symptoms on the detached leaves of Cucumis sativus if compared to the crude fermented broth. In the pre-emergence of B. pilosa and A. retroflexus, 100% control was obtained for assays performed in a germination chamber. For greenhouse assays using the substrate, the control rate of A. retroflexus was dependent of concentration of bioherbicide. The promising results achieved in the research with membrane separation process allow us to propose and develop further studies for evaluating this technology in the concentration of other metabolites produced by fermentation which also have bioherbicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izelmar Todero
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Tássia C Confortin
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Juliana F Soares
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Thiarles Brun
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Luciana Luft
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Jéssica E Rabuske
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Raquel C Kuhn
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Marcus V Tres
- b Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria , Cachoeira do Sul , Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- b Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria , Cachoeira do Sul , Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
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Ribeiro C, Carmo M. Why nonconventional materials are answers for sustainable agriculture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1557/mre.2019.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Valle SF, Giroto AS, Klaic R, Guimarães GG, Ribeiro C. Sulfur fertilizer based on inverse vulcanization process with soybean oil. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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