1
|
Shastry A, Dunham-Snary K. Metabolomics and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiometabolic disease. Life Sci 2023; 333:122137. [PMID: 37788764 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating metabolites are indicators of systemic metabolic dysfunction and can be detected through contemporary techniques in metabolomics. These metabolites are involved in numerous mitochondrial metabolic processes including glycolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and amino acid catabolism, and changes in the abundance of these metabolites is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). Epigenetic regulation and direct metabolite-protein interactions modulate metabolism, both within cells and in the circulation. Dysfunction of multiple mitochondrial components stemming from mitochondrial DNA mutations are implicated in disease pathogenesis. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding: i) the interactions between metabolites found within the mitochondrial environment during CMDs, ii) various metabolites' effects on cellular and systemic function, iii) how harnessing the power of metabolomic analyses represents the next frontier of precision medicine, and iv) how these concepts integrate to expand the clinical potential for translational cardiometabolic medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shastry
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberly Dunham-Snary
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aging Hallmarks and the Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030651. [PMID: 36978899 PMCID: PMC10044767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process accompanied by a progressive decline in the physical function of the organism and an increased risk of age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have established that there exist nine hallmarks of the aging process, including (i) telomere shortening, (ii) genomic instability, (iii) epigenetic modifications, (iv) mitochondrial dysfunction, (v) loss of proteostasis, (vi) dysregulated nutrient sensing, (vii) stem cell exhaustion, (viii) cellular senescence, and (ix) altered cellular communication. All these alterations have been linked to sustained systemic inflammation, and these mechanisms contribute to the aging process in timing not clearly determined yet. Nevertheless, mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to the aging process. Mitochondria is the primary endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). During the aging process, there is a decline in ATP production and elevated ROS production together with a decline in the antioxidant defense. Elevated ROS levels can cause oxidative stress and severe damage to the cell, organelle membranes, DNA, lipids, and proteins. This damage contributes to the aging phenotype. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the mechanisms of aging with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production.
Collapse
|
3
|
THE INTEGRATED STRESS RESPONSE AS A KEY PATHWAY DOWNSTREAM OF MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Mitochondrial stress and GDF15 in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108668. [PMID: 33188737 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that regulate diverse cellular processes. Mitochondrial stress, including stress generated by electron transport chain defects and impaired mitochondrial proteostasis, is intimately involved in various diseases and pathological conditions. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when an imbalanced host response to infection leads to organ dysfunction. Metabolic disturbances and impaired immune responses are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of sepsis. Given that mitochondria play central roles in cellular metabolism, mitochondrial stress is predicted to be involved in the pathological mechanism of sepsis. Under mitochondrial stress, cells activate stress response systems to maintain homeostasis. This mitochondrial stress response transcriptionally activates genes involved in cell survival and death. Mitochondrial stress also induces the release of distinctive secretory proteins from cells. Recently, we showed that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a major secretory protein induced by mitochondrial dysfunction. In this article, we provide a brief overview of mitochondrial stress response and GDF15, and discuss the potential role of GDF15 in the pathophysiology of sepsis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mick E, Titov DV, Skinner OS, Sharma R, Jourdain AA, Mootha VK. Distinct mitochondrial defects trigger the integrated stress response depending on the metabolic state of the cell. eLife 2020; 9:e49178. [PMID: 32463360 PMCID: PMC7255802 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) but the underlying triggers remain unclear. We systematically combined acute mitochondrial inhibitors with genetic tools for compartment-specific NADH oxidation to trace mechanisms linking different forms of mitochondrial dysfunction to the ISR in proliferating mouse myoblasts and in differentiated myotubes. In myoblasts, we find that impaired NADH oxidation upon electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition depletes asparagine, activating the ISR via the eIF2α kinase GCN2. In myotubes, however, impaired NADH oxidation following ETC inhibition neither depletes asparagine nor activates the ISR, reflecting an altered metabolic state. ATP synthase inhibition in myotubes triggers the ISR via a distinct mechanism related to mitochondrial inner-membrane hyperpolarization. Our work dispels the notion of a universal path linking mitochondrial dysfunction to the ISR, instead revealing multiple paths that depend both on the nature of the mitochondrial defect and on the metabolic state of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Mick
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Denis V Titov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Owen S Skinner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kasai S, Shimizu S, Tatara Y, Mimura J, Itoh K. Regulation of Nrf2 by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Physiology and Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020320. [PMID: 32079324 PMCID: PMC7072240 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration and signaling molecules that control various cellular functions. Nrf2 governs the gene expression of endogenous antioxidant synthesis and ROS-eliminating enzymes in response to various electrophilic compounds that inactivate the negative regulator Keap1. Accumulating evidence has shown that mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) activate Nrf2, often mediated by certain protein kinases, and induce the expression of antioxidant genes and genes involved in mitochondrial quality/quantity control. Mild physiological stress, such as caloric restriction and exercise, elicits beneficial effects through a process known as “mitohormesis”. Exercise induces NOX4 expression in the heart, which activates Nrf2 and increases endurance capacity. Mice transiently depleted of SOD2 or overexpressing skeletal muscle-specific UCP1 exhibit Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression and PGC1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. ATF4 activation may induce a transcriptional program that enhances NADPH synthesis in the mitochondria and might cooperate with the Nrf2 antioxidant system. In response to severe oxidative stress, Nrf2 induces Klf9 expression, which represses mtROS-eliminating enzymes to enhance cell death. Nrf2 is inactivated in certain pathological conditions, such as diabetes, but Keap1 down-regulation or mtROS elimination rescues Nrf2 expression and improves the pathology. These reports aid us in understanding the roles of Nrf2 in pathophysiological alterations involving mtROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Nature & Wellness Research, Innovation Division, Kagome Co., Ltd. Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.K.); (S.S.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5158
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kasai S, Yamazaki H, Tanji K, Engler MJ, Matsumiya T, Itoh K. Role of the ISR-ATF4 pathway and its cross talk with Nrf2 in mitochondrial quality control. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:1-12. [PMID: 30705506 PMCID: PMC6348405 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations have clarified the importance of mitochondria in various age-related degenerative diseases, including late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Although mitochondrial disturbances can be involved in every step of disease progression, several observations have demonstrated that a subtle mitochondrial functional disturbance is observed preceding the actual appearance of pathophysiological alterations and can be the target of early therapeutic intervention. The signals from damaged mitochondria are transferred to the nucleus, leading to the altered expression of nuclear-encoded genes, which includes mitochondrial proteins (i.e., mitochondrial retrograde signaling). Mitochondrial retrograde signaling improves mitochondrial perturbation (i.e., mitohormesis) and is considered a homeostatic stress response against intrinsic (ex. aging or pathological mutations) and extrinsic (ex. chemicals and pathogens) stimuli. There are several branches of the mitochondrial retrograde signaling, including mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT), but recent observations increasingly show the importance of the ISR-ATF4 pathway in mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Furthermore, Nrf2, a master regulator of the oxidative stress response, interacts with ATF4 and cooperatively upregulates a battery of antioxidant and antiapoptotic genes while repressing the ATF4-mediated proapoptotic gene, CHOP. In this review article, we summarized the upstream and downstream mechanisms of ATF4 activation during mitochondrial stresses and disturbances and discuss therapeutic intervention against degenerative diseases by using Nrf2 activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamazaki
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Máté János Engler
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiao Y, Xu W, Su W. NLRP3 inflammasome: A likely target for the treatment of allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1080-1091. [PMID: 29900602 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases, such as asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and anaphylaxis, have recently become a global public health concern. According to previous studies, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex known to be associated with many inflammatory conditions. In response to allergens or allergen/damage-associated molecular signals, NLRP3 changes its conformation to allow the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and activates caspase-1, which is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins, such as the precursors of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Subsequently, active caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18. Recently, accumulating human and mouse experimental evidence has demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, and IL-18 are critically involved in the development of allergic diseases. Furthermore, the application of specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors has been demonstrated in animal models. Therefore, these inhibitors may represent potential therapeutic methods for the management of clinical allergic disorders. This review summarizes findings related to the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related factors and concludes that specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors may be potential therapeutic agents for allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenna Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
López-Gallardo E, Llobet L, Emperador S, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Effects of Tributyltin Chloride on Cybrids with or without an ATP Synthase Pathologic Mutation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1399-405. [PMID: 27129022 PMCID: PMC5010394 DOI: 10.1289/ehp182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) includes nuclear chromosome (nDNA)- and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded polypeptides. Many rare OXPHOS disorders, such as striatal necrosis syndromes, are caused by genetic mutations. Despite important advances in sequencing procedures, causative mutations remain undetected in some patients. It is possible that etiologic factors, such as environmental toxins, are the cause of these cases. Indeed, the inhibition of a particular enzyme by a poison could imitate the biochemical effects of pathological mutations in that enzyme. Moreover, environmental factors can modify the penetrance or expressivity of pathological mutations. OBJECTIVES We studied the interaction between mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 6 (p.MT-ATP6) subunit and an environmental exposure that may contribute phenotypic differences between healthy individuals and patients suffering from striatal necrosis syndromes or other mitochondriopathies. METHODS We analyzed the effects of the ATP synthase inhibitor tributyltin chloride (TBTC), a widely distributed environmental factor that contaminates human food and water, on transmitochondrial cell lines with or without an ATP synthase mutation that causes striatal necrosis syndrome. Doses were selected based on TBTC concentrations previously reported in human whole blood samples. RESULTS TBTC modified the phenotypic effects caused by a pathological mtDNA mutation. Interestingly, wild-type cells treated with this xenobiotic showed similar bioenergetics when compared with the untreated mutated cells. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the known genetic causes, our findings suggest that environmental exposure to TBTC might contribute to the etiology of striatal necrosis syndromes. CITATION López-Gallardo E, Llobet L, Emperador S, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. 2016. Effects of tributyltin chloride on cybrids with or without an ATP synthase pathologic mutation. Environ Health Perspect 124:1399-1405; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP182.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester López-Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular,
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón,
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), and
| | - Laura Llobet
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular,
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón,
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), and
| | - Sonia Emperador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular,
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón,
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), and
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular,
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón,
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), and
- Address correspondence to E. Ruiz-Pesini, Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013-Zaragoza, Spain. Telephone: 34-976761640. E-mail: , or J. Montoya, Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013-Zaragoza, Spain. Telephone: 34-976761640. E-mail:
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular,
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón,
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), and
- Fundación ARAID, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Address correspondence to E. Ruiz-Pesini, Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013-Zaragoza, Spain. Telephone: 34-976761640. E-mail: , or J. Montoya, Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013-Zaragoza, Spain. Telephone: 34-976761640. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Munusamy S, do Carmo JM, Hosler JP, Hall JE. Obesity-induced changes in kidney mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the presence or absence of leptin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F731-43. [PMID: 26290368 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00188.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated obesity-induced changes in kidney lipid accumulation, mitochondrial function, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the absence of hypertension, and the potential role of leptin in modulating these changes. We compared two normotensive genetic mouse models of obesity, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and hyperleptinemic melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice (LoxTB MC4R-/-), with their respective lean controls. Compared with controls, ob/ob and LoxTB MC4R-/- mice exhibit significant albuminuria, increased creatinine clearance, and high renal triglyceride content. Renal ATP levels were decreased in both obesity models, and mitochondria isolated from both models showed alterations that would lower mitochondrial ATP production. Mitochondria from hyperleptinemic LoxTB MC4R-/- mice kidneys respired NADH-generating substrates (including palmitate) at lower rates due to an apparent decrease in complex I activity, and these mitochondria showed oxidative damage. Kidney mitochondria of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice showed normal rates of respiration with no evidence of oxidative damage, but electron transfer was partially uncoupled from ATP synthesis. A fourfold induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression indicated induction of ER stress in kidneys of hyperleptinemic LoxTB MC4R-/- mice. In contrast, ER stress was not induced in kidneys of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Our findings show that obesity, in the absence of hypertension, is associated with renal dysfunction in mice but not with major renal injury. Alterations to mitochondria that lower cellular ATP levels may be involved in obesity-induced renal injury. The type and severity of mitochondrial and ER dysfunction differs depending upon the presence or absence of leptin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Munusamy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Jonathan P Hosler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arnould T, Michel S, Renard P. Mitochondria Retrograde Signaling and the UPR mt: Where Are We in Mammals? Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18224-51. [PMID: 26258774 PMCID: PMC4581242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response is a form of retrograde signaling that contributes to ensuring the maintenance of quality control of mitochondria, allowing functional integrity of the mitochondrial proteome. When misfolded proteins or unassembled complexes accumulate beyond the folding capacity, it leads to alteration of proteostasis, damages, and organelle/cell dysfunction. Extensively studied for the ER, it was recently reported that this kind of signaling for mitochondrion would also be able to communicate with the nucleus in response to impaired proteostasis. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is activated in response to different types and levels of stress, especially in conditions where unfolded or misfolded mitochondrial proteins accumulate and aggregate. A specific UPRmt could thus be initiated to boost folding and degradation capacity in response to unfolded and aggregated protein accumulation. Although first described in mammals, the UPRmt was mainly studied in Caenorhabditis elegans, and accumulating evidence suggests that mechanisms triggered in response to a UPRmt might be different in C. elegans and mammals. In this review, we discuss and integrate recent data from the literature to address whether the UPRmt is relevant to mitochondrial homeostasis in mammals and to analyze the putative role of integrated stress response (ISR) activation in response to the inhibition of mtDNA expression and/or accumulation of mitochondrial mis/unfolded proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien Michel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
HU CHAO, DONG YINYING, DONG YEHAO, CUI JIEFENG, DAI JICAN. Identification of oxidative stress-induced gene expression profiles in cavernosal endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:2781-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
13
|
Schisler JC, Grevengoed TJ, Pascual F, Cooper DE, Ellis JM, Paul DS, Willis MS, Patterson C, Jia W, Coleman RA. Cardiac energy dependence on glucose increases metabolites related to glutathione and activates metabolic genes controlled by mechanistic target of rapamycin. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:jah3872. [PMID: 25713290 PMCID: PMC4345858 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Long chain acyl‐CoA synthetases (ACSL) catalyze long‐chain fatty acids (FA) conversion to acyl‐CoAs. Temporal ACSL1 inactivation in mouse hearts (Acsl1H−/−) impaired FA oxidation and dramatically increased glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and mTOR activation, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. We used unbiased metabolomics and gene expression analyses to elucidate the cardiac cellular response to increased glucose use in a genetic model of inactivated FA oxidation. Methods and Results Metabolomics analysis identified 60 metabolites altered in Acsl1H−/− hearts, including 6 related to glucose metabolism and 11 to cysteine and glutathione pathways. Concurrently, global cardiac transcriptional analysis revealed differential expression of 568 genes in Acsl1H−/− hearts, a subset of which we hypothesized were targets of mTOR; subsequently, we measured the transcriptional response of several genes after chronic mTOR inhibition via rapamycin treatment during the period in which cardiac hypertrophy develops. Hearts from Acsl1H−/− mice increased expression of several Hif1α‐responsive glycolytic genes regulated by mTOR; additionally, expression of Scl7a5, Gsta1/2, Gdf15, and amino acid‐responsive genes, Fgf21, Asns, Trib3, Mthfd2, were strikingly increased by mTOR activation. Conclusions The switch from FA to glucose use causes mTOR‐dependent alterations in cardiac metabolism. We identified cardiac mTOR‐regulated genes not previously identified in other cellular models, suggesting heart‐specific mTOR signaling. Increased glucose use also changed glutathione‐related pathways and compensation by mTOR. The hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and metabolic changes that occur within the heart when glucose supplants FA as a major energy source suggest that substrate switching to glucose is not entirely benign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Schisler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (J.C.S., C.P.)
| | - Trisha J Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Florencia Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - David S Paul
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.S.W.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (J.C.S., C.P.)
| | - Wei Jia
- Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC (W.J.)
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (T.J.G., F.P., D.E.C., J.M.E., D.S.P., R.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Michel S, Canonne M, Arnould T, Renard P. Inhibition of mitochondrial genome expression triggers the activation of CHOP-10 by a cell signaling dependent on the integrated stress response but not the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Mitochondrion 2015; 21:58-68. [PMID: 25643991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-to-nucleus communication, known as retrograde signaling, is important to adjust the nuclear gene expression in response to organelle dysfunction. Among the transcription factors described to respond to mitochondrial stress, CHOP-10 is activated by respiratory chain inhibition, mitochondrial accumulation of unfolded proteins and mtDNA mutations. In this study, we show that altered/impaired expression of mtDNA induces CHOP-10 expression in a signaling pathway that depends on the eIF2α/ATF4 axis of the integrated stress response rather than on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Michel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Morgane Canonne
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fujita Y, Ito M, Kojima T, Yatsuga S, Koga Y, Tanaka M. GDF15 is a novel biomarker to evaluate efficacy of pyruvate therapy for mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion 2015; 20:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
16
|
Evstafieva AG, Garaeva AA, Khutornenko AA, Klepikova AV, Logacheva MD, Penin AA, Novakovsky GE, Kovaleva IE, Chumakov PM. A sustained deficiency of mitochondrial respiratory complex III induces an apoptotic cell death through the p53-mediated inhibition of pro-survival activities of the activating transcription factor 4. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1511. [PMID: 25375376 PMCID: PMC4260727 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Generation of energy in mitochondria is subjected to physiological regulation at many levels, and its malfunction may result in mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with different environmental influences or certain genetic conditions, and can be artificially induced by inhibitors acting at different steps of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). We found that a short-term (5 h) inhibition of ETC complex III with myxothiazol results in the phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α and upregulation of mRNA for the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and several ATF4-regulated genes. The changes are characteristic for the adaptive integrated stress response (ISR), which is known to be triggered by unfolded proteins, nutrient and metabolic deficiency, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. However, after a prolonged incubation with myxothiazol (13-17 h), levels of ATF4 mRNA and ATF4-regulated transcripts were found substantially suppressed. The suppression was dependent on the p53 response, which is triggered by the impairment of the complex III-dependent de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines by mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. The initial adaptive induction of ATF4/ISR acted to promote viability of cells by attenuating apoptosis. In contrast, the induction of p53 upon a sustained inhibition of ETC complex III produced a pro-apoptotic effect, which was additionally stimulated by the p53-mediated abrogation of the pro-survival activities of the ISR. Interestingly, a sustained inhibition of ETC complex I by piericidine did not induce the p53 response and stably maintained the pro-survival activation of ATF4/ISR. We conclude that a downregulation of mitochondrial ETC generally induces adaptive pro-survival responses, which are specifically abrogated by the suicidal p53 response triggered by the genetic risks of the pyrimidine nucleotide deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Evstafieva
- 1] Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia [2] Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - A A Garaeva
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - A A Khutornenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - A V Klepikova
- 1] Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia [2] Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - M D Logacheva
- 1] Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia [2] Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - A A Penin
- 1] Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia [2] Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - G E Novakovsky
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - I E Kovaleva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - P M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maruyama W, Shaomoto-Nagai M, Kato Y, Hisaka S, Osawa T, Naoi M. Role of lipid peroxide in the neurodegenerative disorders. Subcell Biochem 2014; 77:127-136. [PMID: 24374924 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7920-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system controls all the organs in the living like a symphony. In this chapter, the mechanism of neuronal death in aged is discussed in relation to oxidative stress. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is known to be rich in the membranous component of the neurons and plays an important role in maintaining the neuronal functions. Recent reports revealed that oxidation of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), are potent antioxidant but simultaneously, their oxidation products are potentially toxic. In this chapter, the existence of early oxidation products of PUFA is examined in the samples from neurodegenerative disorders and the cellular model. Accumulation of proteins with abnormal conformation is suggested to induce neuronal death by disturbance of proteolysis and mitochondrial function. The role of lipid peroxide and lipid-derived aldehyde adduct proteins is discussed in relation to brain ageing and age-related neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Cognitive Brain Science, National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang MLH, Sivagurunathan S, Ting S, Jansson PJ, Austin CJD, Kelly M, Semsarian C, Zhang D, Richardson DR. Molecular and functional alterations in a mouse cardiac model of Friedreich ataxia: activation of the integrated stress response, eIF2α phosphorylation, and the induction of downstream targets. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:745-57. [PMID: 23886890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FA) is a neurodegenerative and cardiodegenerative disease resulting from marked frataxin deficiency. The condition is characterized by ataxia with fatal cardiomyopathy, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the association between gene expression and progressive histopathological and functional changes using the muscle creatine kinase conditional frataxin knockout (KO) mouse; this mouse develops a severe cardiac phenotype that resembles that of FA patients. We examined KO mice from 3 weeks of age, when they are asymptomatic, to 10 weeks of age, when they die of the disease. Positive iron staining was identified in KO mice from 5 weeks of age, with markedly reduced cardiac function from 6 weeks. We identified an early and marked up-regulation of a gene cohort responsible for stress-induced amino acid biosynthesis and observed markedly increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), an activator of the integrated stress response, in KO mice at 3 weeks of age, relative to wild-type mice. Importantly, the eIF2α-mediated integrated stress response has been previously implicated in heart failure via downstream processes such as autophagy and apoptosis. Indeed, expression of a panel of autophagy and apoptosis markers was enhanced in KO mice. Thus, the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in FA correlates with the early and persistent eIF2α phosphorylation, which precedes activation of autophagy and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Li-Hsuan Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kami K, Fujita Y, Igarashi S, Koike S, Sugawara S, Ikeda S, Sato N, Ito M, Tanaka M, Tomita M, Soga T. Metabolomic profiling rationalized pyruvate efficacy in cybrid cells harboring MELAS mitochondrial DNA mutations. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:644-53. [PMID: 22884939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate treatment was found to alleviate clinical symptoms of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome and is highly promising therapeutic. Using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS), we measured time-changes of 161 intracellular and 85 medium metabolites to elucidate metabolic effects of pyruvate treatment on cybrid human 143B osteosarcoma cells harboring normal (2SA) and MELAS mutant (2SD) mitochondria. The results demonstrated dramatic and sustainable effects of pyruvate administration on the energy metabolism of 2SD cells, corroborating pyruvate as a metabolically rational treatment regimen for improving symptoms associated with MELAS and possibly other mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Kami
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Elstner M, Turnbull DM. Transcriptome analysis in mitochondrial disorders. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
21
|
Villanyi Z, Gaspar I, Szikora S, Puskas LG, Szabad J. The involvement of Importin-β and peroxiredoxin-6005 in mitochondrial biogenesis. Mech Dev 2011; 128:191-9. [PMID: 21272635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Importin-β is encoded by the Ketel gene in Drosophila. Upon running out of the maternal Importin-β dowry larvae without the Ketel gene slow down and before dying possess symptoms characteristic for mitochondrial cytopathies. Death of the larvae is almost certainly the consequence of ceasing import of proteins, including some of the transcription factors, into the nuclei. We report here that the ensuing altered gene expression pattern leads to cessation of mitochondrial biogenesis. A transcriptome comparison between larvae with and without Ketel gene revealed altered expression level for 30 genes that are all nuclear. The seven downregulated genes have C/EBP transcription factor binding site in their promoter. RNAi silencing the function of peroxiredoxin-6005, one of the 23 upregulated genes, leads to excessive mitochondrial biogenesis, free radical production and death of the larvae. It appears that peroxiredoxin-6005 is engaged in mitochondrial biogenesis possibly as a component of redox-signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Villanyi
- University of Szeged, Department of Biology, Somogyi str. 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tyynismaa H, Carroll CJ, Raimundo N, Ahola-Erkkilä S, Wenz T, Ruhanen H, Guse K, Hemminki A, Peltola-Mjøsund KE, Tulkki V, Oresic M, Moraes CT, Pietiläinen K, Hovatta I, Suomalainen A. Mitochondrial myopathy induces a starvation-like response. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3948-58. [PMID: 20656789 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) deficiency is among the most common causes of inherited metabolic disease, but its physiological consequences are poorly characterized. We studied the skeletal muscle gene expression profiles of mice with late-onset mitochondrial myopathy. These animals express a dominant patient mutation in the mitochondrial replicative helicase Twinkle, leading to accumulation of multiple mtDNA deletions and progressive subtle RC deficiency in the skeletal muscle. The global gene expression pattern of the mouse skeletal muscle showed induction of pathways involved in amino acid starvation response and activation of Akt signaling. Furthermore, the muscle showed induction of a fasting-related hormone, fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21). This secreted regulator of lipid metabolism was also elevated in the mouse serum, and the animals showed widespread changes in their lipid metabolism: small adipocyte size, low fat content in the liver and resistance to high-fat diet. We propose that RC deficiency induces a mitochondrial stress response, with local and global changes mimicking starvation, in a normal nutritional state. These results may have important implications for understanding the metabolic consequences of mitochondrial myopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Endo J, Sano M, Katayama T, Hishiki T, Shinmura K, Morizane S, Matsuhashi T, Katsumata Y, Zhang Y, Ito H, Nagahata Y, Marchitti S, Nishimaki K, Wolf AM, Nakanishi H, Hattori F, Vasiliou V, Adachi T, Ohsawa I, Taguchi R, Hirabayashi Y, Ohta S, Suematsu M, Ogawa S, Fukuda K. Metabolic Remodeling Induced by Mitochondrial Aldehyde Stress Stimulates Tolerance to Oxidative Stress in the Heart. Circ Res 2009; 105:1118-27. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.206607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale
:
Aldehyde accumulation is regarded as a pathognomonic feature of oxidative stress–associated cardiovascular disease.
Objective
:
We investigated how the heart compensates for the accelerated accumulation of aldehydes.
Methods and Results
:
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has a major role in aldehyde detoxification in the mitochondria, a major source of aldehydes. Transgenic (Tg) mice carrying an
Aldh2
gene with a single nucleotide polymorphism (
Aldh2*2
) were developed. This polymorphism has a dominant-negative effect and the Tg mice exhibited impaired ALDH activity against a broad range of aldehydes. Despite a shift toward the oxidative state in mitochondrial matrices,
Aldh2*2
Tg hearts displayed normal left ventricular function by echocardiography and, because of metabolic remodeling, an unexpected tolerance to oxidative stress induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mitochondrial aldehyde stress stimulated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α phosphorylation. Subsequent translational and transcriptional activation of activating transcription factor-4 promoted the expression of enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and transport, ultimately providing precursor amino acids for glutathione biosynthesis. Intracellular glutathione levels were increased 1.37-fold in
Aldh2*2
Tg hearts compared with wild-type controls. Heterozygous knockout of
Atf4
blunted the increase in intracellular glutathione levels in
Aldh2*2
Tg hearts, thereby attenuating the oxidative stress–resistant phenotype. Furthermore, glycolysis and NADPH generation via the pentose phosphate pathway were activated in
Aldh2*2
Tg hearts. (NADPH is required for the recycling of oxidized glutathione.)
Conclusions
:
The findings of the present study indicate that mitochondrial aldehyde stress in the heart induces metabolic remodeling, leading to activation of the glutathione–redox cycle, which confers resistance against acute oxidative stress induced by ischemia/reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Endo
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Motoaki Sano
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Takaharu Katayama
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Takako Hishiki
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Ken Shinmura
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Shintaro Morizane
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Tomohiro Matsuhashi
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Yoshinori Katsumata
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Yan Zhang
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Yoshiko Nagahata
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Satori Marchitti
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Kiyomi Nishimaki
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Alexander Martin Wolf
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Hiroki Nakanishi
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Fumiyuki Hattori
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Ikuroh Ohsawa
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Shigeo Ohta
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics (J.E., M. Sano, T.K., S. Morizane, T.M., Y.K., Y.Z., H.I., F.H., K.F.); Cardiology Division (J.E., T.K., T.M., Y.K., S. Ogawa), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology (T.H., Y.N., T.A., M. Suematsu); and Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (M. Sano),
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mitochondrial DNA mutations and human disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1797:113-28. [PMID: 19761752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of clinically heterogeneous diseases, commonly defined by a lack of cellular energy due to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects. Since the identification of the first human pathological mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in 1988, significant efforts have been spent in cataloguing the vast array of causative genetic defects of these disorders. Currently, more than 250 pathogenic mtDNA mutations have been identified. An ever-increasing number of nuclear DNA mutations are also being reported as the majority of proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism and maintenance are nuclear-encoded. Understanding the phenotypic diversity and elucidating the molecular mechanisms at the basis of these diseases has however proved challenging. Progress has been hampered by the peculiar features of mitochondrial genetics, an inability to manipulate the mitochondrial genome, and difficulties in obtaining suitable models of disease. In this review, we will first outline the unique features of mitochondrial genetics before detailing the diseases and their genetic causes, focusing specifically on primary mtDNA genetic defects. The functional consequences of mtDNA mutations that have been characterised to date will also be discussed, along with current and potential future diagnostic and therapeutic advances.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kucharczyk R, Zick M, Bietenhader M, Rak M, Couplan E, Blondel M, Caubet SD, di Rago JP. Mitochondrial ATP synthase disorders: molecular mechanisms and the quest for curative therapeutic approaches. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1793:186-99. [PMID: 18620007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the majority of cellular ATP is produced by the mitochondrial F1F(O)-ATP synthase through an elaborate catalytic mechanism. While most subunits of this enzymatic complex are encoded by the nuclear genome, a few essential components are encoded in the mitochondrial genome. The biogenesis of this multi-subunit enzyme is a sophisticated multi-step process that is regulated on levels of transcription, translation and assembly. Defects that result in diminished abundance or functional impairment of the F1F(O)-ATP synthase can cause a variety of severe neuromuscular disorders. Underlying mutations have been identified in both the nuclear and the mitochondrial DNA. The pathogenic mechanisms are only partially understood. Currently, the therapeutic options are extremely limited. Alternative methods of treatment have however been proposed, but still encounter several technical difficulties. The application of novel scientific approaches promises to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the ATP synthase, unravel novel therapeutic pathways and improve the unfortunate situation of the patients suffering from such diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roza Kucharczyk
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS-Université Bordeaux2, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|