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Haller K, Doß S, Sauer M. In Vitro Hepatotoxicity of Routinely Used Opioids and Sedative Drugs. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3022-3038. [PMID: 38666919 PMCID: PMC11049542 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A hepatocyte cell line was used to determine the hepatotoxicity of sedatives and opioids, as the hepatotoxicity of these drugs has not yet been well characterized. This might pose a threat, especially to critically ill patients, as they often receive high cumulative doses for daily analgosedation and often already have impaired liver function due to an underlying disease or complications during treatment. A well-established biosensor based on HepG2/C3A cells was used for the determination of the hepatotoxicity of commonly used sedatives and opioids in the intensive care setting (midazolam, propofol, s-ketamin, thiopental, fentanyl, remifentanil, and sufentanil). The incubation time was 2 × 3 days with clinically relevant (Cmax) and higher concentrations (C5× and C10×) of each drug in cell culture medium or human plasma. Afterward, we measured the cell count, vitality, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, cytochrome P 450 1A2 (CYP1A2), and albumin synthesis. All tested substances reduced the viability of hepatocyte cells, but sufentanil and remifentanil showed more pronounced effects. The cell count was diminished by sufentanil in both the medium and plasma and by remifentanil only in plasma. Sufentanil and remifentanil also led to higher values of LDH in the cell culture supernatant. A reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity was seen with the use of midazolam and s-ketamine. Microalbumin synthesis was reduced in plasma after its incubation with higher concentrations of sufentanil and remifentanil. Remifentanil and s-ketamine reduced CYP1A2 activity, while propofol and thiopental increased it. Our findings suggest that none of the tested sedatives and opioids have pronounced hepatotoxicity. Sufentanil, remifentanil, and s-ketamine showed moderate hepatotoxic effects in vitro. These drugs should be given with caution to patients vulnerable to hepatotoxic drugs, e.g., patients with pre-existing liver disease or liver impairment as part of their underlying disease (e.g., hypoxic hepatitis or cholestatic liver dysfunction in sepsis). Further studies are indicated for this topic, which may use more complex cell culture models and global pharmacovigilance reports, addressing the limitation of the used cell model: HepG2/C3A cells have a lower metabolic capacity due to their low levels of CYP enzymes compared to primary hepatocytes. However, while the test model is suitable for parental substances, it is not for toxicity testing of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Haller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sandra Doß
- Department Extracorporeal Therapy Systems (EXTHER), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Martin Sauer
- Department Extracorporeal Therapy Systems (EXTHER), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital of Magdeburg, Birkenallee 34, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Tarazi D, Maynes JT. Impact of Opioids on Cellular Metabolism: Implications for Metabolic Pathways Involved in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2225. [PMID: 37765194 PMCID: PMC10534826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid utilization for pain management is prevalent among cancer patients. There is significant evidence describing the many effects of opioids on cancer development. Despite the pivotal role of metabolic reprogramming in facilitating cancer growth and metastasis, the specific impact of opioids on crucial oncogenic metabolic pathways remains inadequately investigated. This review provides an understanding of the current research on opioid-mediated changes to cellular metabolic pathways crucial for oncogenesis, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutaminolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The existing literature suggests that opioids affect energy production pathways via increasing intracellular glucose levels, increasing the production of lactic acid, and reducing ATP levels through impediment of OXPHOS. Opioids modulate pathways involved in redox balance which may allow cancer cells to overcome ROS-mediated apoptotic signaling. The majority of studies have been conducted in healthy tissue with a predominant focus on neuronal cells. To comprehensively understand the impact of opioids on metabolic pathways critical to cancer progression, research must extend beyond healthy tissue and encompass patient-derived cancer tissue, allowing for a better understanding in the context of the metabolic reprogramming already undergone by cancer cells. The current literature is limited by a lack of direct experimentation exploring opioid-induced changes to cancer metabolism as they relate to tumor growth and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doorsa Tarazi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1A8, Canada;
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jason T. Maynes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1A8, Canada;
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
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3
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Nylander E, Zelleroth S, Nyberg F, Grönbladh A, Hallberg M. The effects of morphine, methadone, and fentanyl on mitochondria: A live cell imaging study. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:126-134. [PMID: 33741459 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The important role of mitochondria in maintaining normal brain cell function has been demonstrated in several neurodegenerative diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent feature. Accumulating evidence indicates that opioids may induce neuronal cell death and inhibit neurogenesis, two factors that are dependent on normal mitochondrial function. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of morphine, methadone, and fentanyl on MitoTracker-stained mitochondria. Cells from the neuroblastoma/glioma hybrid cell-line NG108-15 were seeded on 96-well cell culture plates and treated with MitoTracker for 30 min prior to opioid treatment. Morphine, methadone, and fentanyl were added at various concentrations and images of mitochondria were acquired every 30 min for four hours using a high-content imaging device. The parameters total mitochondrial area, mitochondrial network, as well as the number and mean area of mitochondrial objects were analyzed using automated image analysis. Methadone and fentanyl, but not morphine, decreased the mitochondrial network, the number of mitochondrial objects, and increased the mean area of mitochondrial objects. Both methadone and fentanyl altered mitochondrial morphology with no effects seen from morphine treatment. These data suggest that methadone and fentanyl impact mitochondrial morphology negatively, which may be associated with neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nylander
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Zelleroth
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fred Nyberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alfhild Grönbladh
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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4
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Wang WX, Prajapati P, Nelson PT, Springer JE. The Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes Are Novel Subcellular Locations Enriched for Inflammatory-Responsive MicroRNAs. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2996-3013. [PMID: 32451872 PMCID: PMC7320068 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) are specific ER domains that contact the mitochondria and function to facilitate communication between ER and mitochondria. Disruption of contact between the mitochondria and ER is associated with a variety of pathophysiological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the many cellular functions of MAMs, we hypothesized that MAMs play an important role in regulating microRNA (miRNA) activity linked to its unique location between mitochondria and ER. Here we present new findings from human and rat brains indicating that the MAMs are subcellular sites enriched for specific miRNAs. We employed subcellular fractionation and TaqMan® RT-qPCR miRNA analysis to quantify miRNA levels in subcellular fractions isolated from male rat brains and six human brain samples. We found that MAMs contain a substantial number of miRNAs and the profile differs significantly from that of cytosolic, mitochondria, or ER. Interestingly, MAMs are particularly enriched in inflammatory-responsive miRNAs, including miR-146a, miR-142-3p, and miR-142-5p in both human and rat brains; miR-223 MAM enrichment was observed only in human brain samples. Further, mitochondrial uncoupling or traumatic brain injury in male rats resulted in the alteration of inflammatory miRNA enrichment in the isolated subcellular fractions. These observations demonstrate that miRNAs are distributed differentially in organelles and may re-distribute between organelles and the cytosol in response to cellular stress and metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Xia Wang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Paresh Prajapati
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Joe E Springer
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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5
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Félix L, Coimbra AM, Valentim AM, Antunes L. Review on the use of zebrafish embryos to study the effects of anesthetics during early development. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:357-370. [PMID: 31314655 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1617236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the potential toxicity of anesthetics has raised serious concerns about its safe use during pregnancy. As evidence emerged from research in animal models, showing that some anesthetic drugs are potential teratogenic, the determination of the risk of exposures to anesthetic drugs at early life stages became mandatory. However, due to inaccessibility and ethical constrains related to experimental conditions, the use of early life stages in mammalian models is limited. In this regard, some animal and nonanimal models have been suggested to surpass mammalian use in experimentation. Among them, the zebrafish embryo test has been recognized as a promising alternative in toxicology research, as well as an inexpensive and practical test. Substantial information collected from developmental research following compounds exposure, has contributed to the application of zebrafish assays in research, although only a few studies have focused on the use of early life stages of zebrafish to evaluate the developmental effects of anesthetics. Based on the recent advances of science and technology, there is a clear potential for zebrafish early life stages to provide new insights into anesthetics teratogenicity. This review provides an overview of recent anesthesia research using zebrafish embryos, demonstrating its usefulness to the anesthesia field, discussing the recent findings on various aspects related to the effects of anesthetics during early life development and the strengths and limitations of this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Félix
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Coimbra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Valentim
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
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6
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Fentanyl can be mitochondrion -toxic depending on dosage and cell type. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2019; 35:570-571. [PMID: 31920254 PMCID: PMC6939556 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_262_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub
- University of Tunis El Manar and Genomics Platform, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
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7
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Djafarzadeh S, Vuda M, Jeger V, Takala J, Jakob SM. The Effects of Fentanyl on Hepatic Mitochondrial Function. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:311-25. [PMID: 27089001 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remifentanil interferes with hepatic mitochondrial function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether hepatic mitochondrial function is affected by fentanyl, a more widely used opioid than remifentanil. METHODS Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were exposed to fentanyl or pretreated with naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, an inhibitor of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium [mitoKATP] channels), followed by incubation with fentanyl. Mitochondrial function and metabolism were then analyzed. RESULTS Fentanyl marginally reduced maximal mitochondrial complex-specific respiration rates using exogenous substrates (decrease in medians: 11%-18%; P = 0.003-0.001) but did not affect basal cellular respiration rates (P = 0.834). The effect on stimulated respiration was prevented by preincubation with naloxone or 5-HD. Fentanyl reduced cellular ATP content in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001), an effect that was not significantly prevented by 5-HD and not explained by increased total ATPase concentration. However, in vitro ATPase activity of recombinant human permeability glycoprotein (an ATP-dependent drug efflux transporter) was significantly stimulated by fentanyl (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that fentanyl reduces stimulated mitochondrial respiration of cultured human hepatocytes by a mechanism that is blocked by a mitoKATP channel antagonist. Increased energy requirements for fentanyl efflux transport may offer an explanation for the substantial decrease in cellular ATP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Djafarzadeh
- From the *Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and †Department of Clinical Research, Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Faustino-Rocha AI, Rodrigues D, da Costa RG, Diniz C, Aragão S, Talhada D, Botelho M, Colaço A, Pires MJ, Peixoto F, Oliveira PA. Trihalomethanes in liver pathology: Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the mouse. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1009-1016. [PMID: 25640707 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Trihalomethanes (THMs) are disinfection byproducts found in chlorinated water, and are associated with several different kinds of cancer in human populations and experimental animal models. Metabolism of THMs proceeds through enzymes such as GSTT1 and CYP2E1 and gives rise to reactive intermediates, which form the basis for their toxic activities. The aim of this study was to assess the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by THMs at low levels, and the resulting hepatic histological and biochemical changes in the mouse. Male ICR mice were administered with two THMs: dibromochloromethane (DBCM) and bromodichloromethane (BDCM); once daily, by gavage, to a total of four administrations. Animals were sacrificed four weeks after DBCM and BDCM administrations. Blood biochemistry was performed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), creatinine, and urea. Animals exposed to DBCM and BDCM showed elevated ALT and TB levels (p < 0.05) as compared with controls. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of vacuolar degenerescence and a multifocal necrotizing hepatitis in 33% of animals (n = 2). Mitochondrial analysis showed that THMs reduced mitochondrial bioenergetic activity (succinate dehydrogenase (SQR), cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and ATP synthase) and increased oxidative stress (glutathione S-transferase (GST)) in hepatic tissues (p < 0.05). These results add detail to the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying THM-induced toxicity, supporting the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in liver toxicity caused by DBCM and BDCM. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1009-1016, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - D Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R Gil da Costa
- Faculty of Engineering, Laboratory for Process, Environment and Energy Engineering (LEPAE), University of Porto, UP, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Diniz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - S Aragão
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - D Talhada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M Botelho
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Health (INSA), 4000-055, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Colaço
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M J Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - F Peixoto
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - P A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
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Li L, Yu Q, Liang W. Molecular pathways of mitochondrial dysfunctions: Possible cause of cell death in anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Brain Res Bull 2015; 110:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Venâncio C, Antunes L, Félix L, Rodrigues P, Summavielle T, Peixoto F. Chronic ketamine administration impairs mitochondrial complex I in the rat liver. Life Sci 2013; 93:464-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Djafarzadeh S, Vuda M, Takala J, Jakob SM. Effect of remifentanil on mitochondrial oxygen consumption of cultured human hepatocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45195. [PMID: 23028840 PMCID: PMC3441687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During sepsis, liver dysfunction is common, and failure of mitochondria to effectively couple oxygen consumption with energy production has been described. In addition to sepsis, pharmacological agents used to treat septic patients may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. This study addressed the hypothesis that remifentanil interacts with hepatic mitochondrial oxygen consumption. The human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and their isolated mitochondria were exposed to remifentanil, with or without further exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was measured by high-resolution respirometry, Caspase-3 protein levels by Western blotting, and cytokine levels by ELISA. Inhibitory κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation, measurement of the cellular ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential in intact cells were analysed using commercial ELISA kits. Maximal cellular respiration increased after one hour of incubation with remifentanil, and phosphorylation of IκBα occurred, denoting stimulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The effect on cellular respiration was not present at 2, 4, 8 or 16 hours of incubation. Remifentanil increased the isolated mitochondrial respiratory control ratio of complex-I-dependent respiration without interfering with maximal respiration. Preincubation with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone prevented a remifentanil-induced increase in cellular respiration. Remifentanil at 10× higher concentrations than therapeutic reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content without uncoupling oxygen consumption and basal respiration levels. TNF-α exposure reduced respiration of complex-I, -II and -IV, an effect which was prevented by prior remifentanil incubation. Furthermore, prior remifentanil incubation prevented TNF-α-induced IL-6 release of HepG2 cells, and attenuated fragmentation of pro-caspase-3 into cleaved active caspase 3 (an early marker of apoptosis). Our data suggest that remifentanil increases cellular respiration of human hepatocytes and prevents TNF-α-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The results were not explained by uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Djafarzadeh
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Madhusudanarao Vuda
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Takala
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan M. Jakob
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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12
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Karlsson M, Hempel C, Sjövall F, Hansson MJ, Kurtzhals JAL, Elmér E. Brain mitochondrial function in a murine model of cerebral malaria and the therapeutic effects of rhEPO. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:151-5. [PMID: 22903021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a life-threatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The pathogenesis of CM is complex. Cerebral metabolic dysfunction is implicated in CM, which may be caused by both an impaired cerebral microcirculation and a dysregulated inflammatory response affecting cellular respiration of mitochondria. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a promising new therapy that has been shown to reduce mortality in a mouse model of CM. In order to further elucidate the metabolic dysfunction in CM the objective of the present study was to assess brain mitochondrial respiratory function in CM with and without rhEPO treatment. The P. berghei ANKA - C57BL/6 murine model of CM was used. Mitochondrial respiration was analyzed in brain homogenates using high-resolution respirometry and a multiple substrate and inhibitor protocol. The animals were divided into four groups; infected injected with saline or with rhEPO, non-infected injected with saline or with rhEPO. Infected mice developed CM and treatment with rhEPO attenuated clinical signs of disease. There were no differences in respiratory parameters of brain mitochondria between infected and non-infected mice and no connection between disease severity and mitochondrial respiratory function. Treatment with rhEPO similarly had no effect on respiratory function. Thus cerebral metabolic dysfunction in CM does not seem to be directly linked to altered mitochondrial respiratory capacity as analyzed in brain homogenates ex vivo. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Bioenergetic dysfunction, adaptation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karlsson
- Mitochondrial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Lv J, Li Y, Jin H, Shi Y, Xia Q, Yang Y. Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Remifentanil in Human Whole Blood. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.673096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Melo T, Videira RA, André S, Maciel E, Francisco CS, Oliveira-Campos AM, Rodrigues LM, Domingues MRM, Peixoto F, Manuel Oliveira M. Tacrine and its analogues impair mitochondrial function and bioenergetics: a lipidomic analysis in rat brain. J Neurochem 2012; 120:998-1013. [PMID: 22192081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor used as a cognitive enhancer in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its low therapeutic efficiency and a high incidence of side effects have limited its clinical use. In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact on brain activity of tacrine and two novel tacrine analogues (T1, T2) were approached by focusing on three aspects: (i) their effects on brain cholinesterase activity; (ii) perturbations on electron transport chain enzymes activities of non-synaptic brain mitochondria; and (iii) the role of mitochondrial lipidome changes induced by these compounds on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Brain effects were evaluated 18 h after the administration of a single dose (75.6 μmol/kg) of tacrine or tacrine analogues. The three compounds promoted a significant reduction in brain AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities. Additionally, tacrine was shown to be more efficient in brain AChE inhibition than T2 tacrine analogue and less active than T1 tacrine analogue, whereas BuChE inhibition followed the order: T1 > T2 > tacrine. The studies using non-synaptic brain mitochondria show that all the compounds studied disturbed brain mitochondrial bioenergetics mainly via the inhibition of complex I activity. Furthermore, the activity of complex IV is also affected by tacrine and T1 treatments while FoF(1) -ATPase is only affected by tacrine. Therefore, the compounds' toxicity as regards brain mitochondria, which follows the order: tacrine >> T1 > T2, does not correlate with their ability to inhibit brain cholinesterase enzymes. Lipidomics approaches show that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the most abundant phospholipids (PL) class in non-synaptic brain mitochondria and cardiolipin (CL) present the greatest diversity of molecular species. Tacrine induced significant perturbations in the mitochondrial PL profile, which were detected by means of changes in the relative abundance of phosphatidylcholine (PC), PE, phosphatidylinositol (PI) and CL and by the presence of oxidized phosphatidylserines. Additionally, in both the T1 and T2 groups, the lipid content and molecular composition of brain mitochondria PL are perturbed to a lesser extent than in the tacrine group. Abnormalities in CL content and the amount of oxidized phosphatidylserines were associated with significant reductions in mitochondrial enzymes activities, mainly complex I. These results indicate that tacrine and its analogues impair mitochondrial function and bioenergetics, thus compromising the activity of brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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